SOLVED OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS

Problem 1. The ratio of minimum to maximum wavelengths of radiation that an excited electron in a
hydrogen atom can emit while going to the ground state is
(a) 1/2 (b) Zero
(c) 3/4 (d) 27/32.

Ans. (c)
Solution: Energy of radiation that corresponds to the energy difference between two energy levels n1 and
n2 is given as
 1 1 
E  13.6  2  2  eV
 n1 n2 
E is minimum when n1  1 & n2  2
1 1  3
 Emin  13.6    eV  13.6  eV
1 4  4
E is maximum when n1  1 & n2   (the atom is ionized, that is known as ionization energy)
 1
 Emax  13.6 1    13.6 eV .
 
Emin 3 hc /  max 3
   
Emax 4 hc /  min 4
 min 3
 
 max 4

Problem 2. The wavelength of K α X-ray produced by an X-ray tube is 0.76 Å. The atomic number of
anticathode material is
(a) 82 (b) 41
(c) 20 (d) 10.

Ans. (b)
Solution: For K  X-ray line,
1 1 1   1
 R ( Z  1)2  2  2   R (Z  1)2 1  
  1 2   4
1 3
  R( Z  1) 2 …(i)
 4
With reference to given data,
   0.76 Å = 0.76 1010 m
R  1.097  107 m
Putting these values in equation (i)
4 1
(Z  1)2 
3 0.76  1010  1.097  107
 1600
 Z  1  40
 Z  41 .

Problem 3. If the stationary proton and α - particle are accelerated through same potential difference, the
ratio of de Broglie’s wavelength will be
(a) 2 (b) 1
(c) 2 2 (d) none of these.
Ans. (c)
Solution: The gain in K.E. of a charged particle after moving through a potential difference of V is given by
1
eV, that is also equal to mv 2 where v is the velocity of the charged particle. Disregarding the
2
relativistic effect,
1 2 2qV
mv  qV  v
2 m
 mv  2mqV
h h
 de Broglie wavelength    
mv 2 mqV
p m qV
 
 m p q pV p
p (4)(2)
Putting V  V p ,  2 2.
 (1)(1)

Problem 4. There are two radioactive substances A and B . Decay constant of B is two times that of A .
Initially, both have equal number of nuclei. After n half lives of A , rate of disintegration of
both are equal. The value of n is
(a) 4 (b) 2
(c) 1 (d) 5.

Ans. (c)
Solution: Let  A     B  2
If N 0 is total no. of atoms in A and B at t  0 , then initial rate of disintegration of A  N 0 , and
initial rate of disintegration of B  2N 0
As  B  2a
1
 TB  TA
2
i.e. half life of B is half the half life of A .
After one half life of A
 dN  N 0
  
 dt A 2
Equivalently, after two half lives of B
 dN  2N 0 N 0
   
 dt B 4 2
 dN   dN 
Clearly,       ,
 dt A  dt  B
after n  1 , i.e., one half life of A .

Problem 5. A hydrogen atom is in an excited state of principal quantum number ( n ) it emits a photon of
wavelength ( λ ), when it returns to the ground state. The value of n is
λR (λR - 1)
(a) (b)
λR - 1 λR
λR
(c) λ(R - 1) (d) .
λR - 1

Ans. (d)
 1  1 1 
Solution: As  R 2  2 
  n1 n2 
1 1 1 
  R 2  2 
 1 n 
Multiply both sides by 
 1 
1  R  1  2 
 n 
1 1
 1 2
R n
1 1 R  1
or  1 
n2 R R
R
n .
R  1

Problem 6. The weight based ratio of U 238 and Pb 226 in a sample of rock is 4 : 3 . If the half life of U 238 is
4.5 × 10 9 years, then the age of rock is
(a) 9.0 × 10 9 years (b) 6.3 × 10 9 years
9
(c) 4.5 × 10 years (d) 3.78 × 10 9 years.

Ans. (d)
Solution: Let initial no. of U-atoms = N 0
After time t , (age of rock), let no. of atoms remaining undecayed  N .
238 N 4
 
26( N 0  N ) 3
N0
  1.79
N
T log N 0 / N
t
log 2
4.5 109  log1.79

0.301
= 3.78  109 years.

Problem 7. Binding energy per nucleon vs mass number curve for Y

8.5
Binding Energy/Nucleon

nuclei is shown in the figure. W, X, Y and Z are four X

8.0 W
nuclei indicated on the curve. The process that would 7.5
release energy is
(in eV)

(a) Y  2Z (b) W  X + Z 5.0 Z

(c) W  2Y (d) X  Y + Z.

0 30 60 90 120
Mass number of nuclei

Ans. (c)
Solution: If it mass A
Y  2Z
Reactant: R  60  8.5  510 MeV
Product: P  2  30  5  300 MeV
E  210 MeV
ENDOTHERMIC
If it was B
 W  X Z
R  120  7.5  900 MeV
P  90  8  30  5  870 MeV
E  30 MeV
ENDOTHERMIC
If it was C
W  2Y
R  120  7.5  900 MeV
P  2  60  8.5  1020 MeV
E  120 Mev
EXOTHERMIC
If it was D
X Y  Z
R  90  8.0  720 MeV
P  60  8.5  30  5.0  660 MeV
E  60 MeV
ENDOTHERMIC

Problem 8. In the sun about 4 billion kg of matter is converted to energy each second. The power output of
the sun in watt is
(a) 3.6 × 10 26 (b) 0.36 × 10 26
(c) 36 × 10 26 (d) 0.036 × 10 26 .

Ans. (b)
m
Solution:  4  108 kgs-1
t
E  mc 2
E m 2
   c
t  t 
E
  4  108  9  1016
t
E
  3.6  1025 Js-1
t
E
  3.6  10 25 W .
t

Problem 9. A star initially has 10 40 deutrons. It produces energy via the processes 1 H 2 +1 H 2 1 H 3 + p
and 1 H 2 +1 H 3 2 He 4 + n . If the average power radiated by the star is 10 16 W , the deuteron
supply of the star is exhausted in a time of the order of
(a) 10 6 s (b) 10 8 s
12
(c) 10 s (d) 10 16 s .
(The masses of nuclei are: m(H 2 ) = 2.014amu, m(p) = 1.007amu ,
m(n) = 1.0084amu, m(He 4 ) = 4.001amu )

Ans. (c)
2 2 3
Solution: 1 H 1 H 1 H  p

1 H 2 1 H 3 2 He 4  n
 31 H 2  2 He 4  p  n
m  m( 2 He 4 )  m( p )  m(n)  3m(1 H 2 )
 m  [4.001  1.007  1.008  3(2.014)]amu
  m  0.026amu
 | E | c 2 | m |
 E  (9  1016 )(0.026  1.67  1027 )
 E  (931.5)(0.026) MeV
 E  3.87 1012 J
As each reaction involves 3 deuterons, so total number of reactions involved in the process
1040
 . If each reaction produces an energy E , then
3
1040
Etotal  E  1.29  10 28 J
3
Etotal  Pt
Time of exhaustion of the star
1.29  1028
t
1016
 t  1.29  1012 s .

Problem 10. Consider the following reaction 1 H 2 +1 H 2 2 He 4 + Q . If m( 1 H 2 ) = 2.0141amu ;

m( 2 He 4 ) = 4.0024amu . The energy Q released (in MeV) in this fusion reaction is
(a) 12 (b) 6
(c) 24 (d) 48.

Ans. (c)
2 2 4
Solution: 1 H 1 H 2 He  Q

 m  m( 2 He 4 )  2 m(1 H 2 )
 m  4.0024  2(2.0141)
 m  0.0258 amu
Since, Q  c 2 m
 Q  (0.0258)(931.5) MeV
 Q 24 MeV.