VOLLEYBALL

 A team sport that generally takes

place indoors nor outdoors. It is
played with a ball on a
rectangular, 18 meter by nine-
meter court that is divided in half
by an elevated net. Each team
plays on one side of the net and
consists of six players. The game
is broken down into sets and
matches. Each team's goal is to
win enough points to win a set
and then win enough sets to win
the match.
HISTORY
 Mr. William G. Morgan, Physical
Education Director of YMCA in
Holyoke, Massachusetts (USA)
invented the game in the year
1895.
● Originally the sport was called
“Mintonette” and was played by
middle aged businessman who
found the game basketball to
strenuous.
● It was Professor Alfred Halstead,
who after viewing the game,
suggested that its name be
changed to volleyball¨. Since the
basic idea of the game was to
volley the ball back and forth over
the net.
TIMELINE
 Ball - Made up of leather or any
synthetic design material weigh of 260-
280g.
Net - It is placed vertically over the
center line.
Jersey - It is typically made from any
synthetic materials designed to keep
athlete cool and comfortable during
POSITIONS AND ROLES competition.
Outside Hitter - Also known as the left- Knee Pads - Protection surrounding
side hitter – attacks from the left muscles and ligaments and they also
antenna and requires a player with good against scrapes.
jumping ability. Shoes - Designed which consists of
Opposite Hitter - Also known as the gum rubber.
right-side hitter – plays near the right Court - Divided by center line into equal
antenna. areas.
Opposite hitters tend to be players who Yellow & Red Card - Formal Warning
have the most versatility and can excel and Calling for punishment.
on both offense and defense. Flag - used for line judge to call whether
Setter - This position is essentially the in or out.
quarterback or point guard of the team. OFFICIALS
A setter runs the team’s offense.  Officials play multiple roles in
Middle Blocker - Team’s tallest athlete volleyball, they are the overseers
tends to play here. They block the of the game, the peace keepers
center area of the net and has to be in tense situations and the
ready for the opponent’s quick middle deciders in close calls.
attacks. blocks the center area of the First Referee - Has the authority over
net and has to be ready for the the other members of the officiating
opponent’s quick middle attacks. crew and is in charge from the
Libero - This position focuses on beginning of the match until the end.
defense. Liberos only play in the back Second Referee - Works to assist the
row and often receive the attack or first referee throughout the game. Also,
serve. if the scorer has problem or don't
Defensive specialist - Come in to understand something, they should be
replace a player who may not have the comfortable enough to ask the second
right skills for the back row. Unlike the referee for help.
libero, defensive specialists must make Scorekeeper - Keeps track of the score
a substitution with the referees. throughout the volleyball game. Its main
EQUIPMENTS AND MATERIALS job is to make sure the score is correct
at all times.
Assistant Scorer - Is responsible for HISTORY
tracking the libero player's entries and Early Soccer
aiding the scorekeeper.  Games like soccer were invented
Line Judges - Watch the end line and over 2000 years ago in China
sideline of their respective corners. Main  Chinese soldiers used the heads
responsibility is to make signals to help of their enemies or pig-bladder as
out the referees in making judgement soccer balls
calls. They used flags to make signals.  As soccer advanced they started
COURT using leather balls with feathers
 Volleyball Court are flat horizontal  There was 15-20 people on a
playing surfaces sized for the team. Now its 11 per team.
game of volleyball. Indoor
volleyball court surfaces are The modern game seen today, starts
required to be made of resilient with the official rules for soccer, made in
wood flooring. 1863, at a Freemason's Tavern, located
COURT DIMENSIONS in London.
 18m Length
 9m Width  Soccer started in early Asia. It
 3m for Attack Line was called TSU CHU or Kick
 3m for Free zones Ball ("Kicking the Ball"). It
 6m Back zone started dates back to the Han
FUNDAMENTALS OF VOLLEYBALL Dynasty (206 B.C.-220 A.D.),
COURT when the game was played using
6 Types of Line enemies' heads for a ball. And it
- Baselines/End lines may have been a training
- Sidelines exercise for soldiers.
 The main difference between
- Attack Line
Tsu'Chu and soccer was the
- Center Line
height of the goal, which hung
- Coach Restriction about 30 feet from the ground.
- Service Line  Harpastum in Roman Game and
Episkyros in ancient Greeks.
SOCCER
A game played by two teams of eleven 9th Century (Britain is the Home of
players with a ground ball that may not Soccer)
be touched with the hands or arms  From the medieval period
during play except by the goalkeepers. onwards, soccer began to evolve
The object of the game is to score goals in modern Europe and they called
by kicking or heading the ball into the it “Folk Football or Mob
opponents' goal. Football” which is involves the
 entire villages or town and it was Soccer Spreads Worldwide
considered as chaotic game.  The International Federation of
Both teams had to kick the ball Association Football (FIFA) was
towards specific landmarks to formed in Paris in 1904 with
defend. The ball was made out of seven members. This included
inflated pig’s bladder or leather Belgium, Denmark, France, the
skins stuffed with feathers. Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and
The Emergence of Modern Soccer Switzerland.
(Early 19th Century)  In 1930, the first-ever FIFA World
Dedicated summer clubs emerged in Cup was held in Uruguay.
British schools EQUIPMENTS
 It was introduced to British Two Goalposts and Crossbar - The
schools in order to keep young crossbar in football is the horizontal bar
boys fit. at the bottom of the upright goal posts
 In 1862, Ebenezer Cobb Morley on both ends of the football field in the
formed a semi-professional back of end zones. The goalpost is
soccer club in Barnes, called the made up of 3 parts; the base, the
Barnes Club. crossbar and the uprights. the base is
 In 1848, the "Cambridge Rules" what holds the goal up into the air.
were established at Cambridge A net goal - A net is useful not just to
University. stop the ball when a goal has been
The Creation of the Football scored but also clearly show the ball has
Association passed between the goalposts and not
 The association came from the missed on either side on the outside of
formation of the Football the post.
Association (FA) on October 26, Corner Flags - The corner flag is there to
1863. clearly show where the boundary of the field
 Soccer was derived from an is.
abbreviation from the word Soccer Ball - There are few items of
association and it was a popular equipment as important to a game of
slang used for all sort of nouns. soccer as a soccer ball. Without it, you
Soccer Goes Pro simply wouldn’t be able to play the
Over the years, more clubs joined the game.
FA until the number reached 128 by Shin Guards - Having a good pair of
1887. The country finally had a nearly shin guards can give protection for your
uniform rule structure in place. shins but, at the same time, will still give
 In 1872, the first Football you good freedom of movement.
Association Cup was played. Shorts - There is no specific color that
 In 1888, the first championship the shorts have to be, but, as with the
league games were played. jerseys, it’s important that the whole
team matches (except for the obviously different color from any of the
goalkeeper). player’s uniforms.
Long Socks - The reason for the socks Referee’s Assistant Flags - The
being long rather than short is due to the intention of these flags is to clearly
fact that the socks are required to cover signal to the referee when an
the shin guards that are being worn infringement of the rules has happened.
Cleats - There are literally thousands of FACILITIES
different options for footwear that can be Facilities
worn during a soccer game. But one of  2 teams with 7 to 11 players and
the things that they all have in common each player has its own role
is that they have cleats. Soccer Pitch Dimension
Goalkeeper Gloves - Goalies wear  Pitch length = 90m to 120m
them not just to protect their hands from  Pitch width = 45m to 90m
the sting of a ball traveling towards them Soccer Goal Net
at speed but also to provide more grip  24ft and 8ft
when they need to catch or stop the ball. Referee’s Power
Goalkeeper Uniform - Wearing a  Has the authority
different uniform allows not just the
referee to be able to easily tell the
goalkeeper apart but also helps the Player’s Safety
other players on the team know where  Players must not use any
the goalkeeper is, especially while the accessories.
ball is in the penalty area. Changing of Goalkeeper
Referee’s Whistle - The whistle is an
 Any of the 10 outfield players can
important tool for the referee to use
change places with the goal
when communicating with players on
keeper.
the field. It helps them to understand
PENALTY KICKS
what is happening and what is expected
 When a foul occurs in the penalty
of them.
area, the fouled team is awarded
Referee’s Watch - Being able to
a penalty kick.
accurately keep time during a soccer
 They can only use their hands in
game is one of the more important jobs
penalty area.
for a referee. To do this, they need to
 Must wear different color uniform
have a reliable timer or watch with them
throughout the game.  Can change places with another
Red and Yellow Cards - When a player during game.
referee shows a player a yellow card, it  They may not cross midfield, or
signifies a warning. score a goal.
Referee’s Uniform - It is important in a
game that the referee’s uniform is an