EXAMPLES:

=RESEARCH Q2= I. A researcher wants to determine the

qualifications of employed professionals in
General Santos City. Survey method will be used
as a research instrument, and each item on the
survey related to qualifications is subjected to a
=RESEARCH DESIGN=
Yes/No answer.
❖ a framework for planning your research
II. A survey evaluating the number of hours
millennials in a community spends on the
❖ sets the parameters of your study
internet weekly will help a service provider make
informed business decisions regarding the
❖ defines the criteria by which you will
market potential of the community.
evaluate your results and draw your
conclusions

● Correlational Research
= TYPES OF RESEARCH DESIGN=
- Extent of a relationship between two or more
variables using statistical data.
There are two categories of Research Design:

- Recognizes trends and patterns in data, but

01
Quantitative Research Design it does not go so far in its analysis to prove
causes for these observed patterns.
02
Qualitative Research Design ➔ Data, relationships, and distributions
of variables are the things emphasized.
Variables are not manipulated; they are only
identified and are studied as they occur in a
=QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS= natural setting.

● Descriptive Research EXAMPLES:

I. You want to know if there is a correlation

- Describes the status of an identified variable. between how much people earn and the number
of children that they have. You do not believe
- Provides systematic information about a that people with more spending power have
phenomenon. more children than people with less spending
power.
- Does not usually begin with a hypothesis but
II. You believe that domestic violence causes a brain
develop one after collecting data.
hemorrhage. You cannot carry out an
experiment, as it would be unethical to
➔ The analysis and synthesis of the data provide deliberately subject people to domestic violence.
the test of the hypothesis. Systematic collection
However, you can carry out correlational
of information requires careful selection of the
research to find out if victims of domestic
units studied and careful measurement of each
violence suffer brain hemorrhage more than
variable.
non-victims.
 ● Causal-Comparative or Quasi-Experimental ● Experimental Research

- often referred as true experimentation

- establishes cause-effect relationships among
- uses the scientific method to establish the
the variables
cause-effect relationship among group of
variables
- very similar to true experiments, but with
some key differences - The true experiment is also known as a
- independent variable is IDENTIFIED but NOT laboratory study, but this is not always the
manipulated case; a laboratory setting has nothing to do
with it.
- effects of the independent variable on the
dependent variable are measured
➔ An independent variable is manipulated to
➔ The researcher does not randomly assign determine the effects on the dependent
groups and must use ones that are variables. Subjects are randomly
naturally formed or pre-existing groups. assigned to experimental treatments rather
Identified control groups exposed to the than identified in naturally occurring groups.
treatment variable are studied and
compared.

EXAMPLES:

EXAMPLES:
I. “A study on the effect of a treatment
I. You discover that a few of the psychotherapists plan on breast cancer”
in the clinic have decided to try out the new
therapy, while others who treat similar patients II. “The effect of teaching with a cooperative group
have chosen to stick with the normal protocol. strategy or a traditional lecture approach on
You can use these pre-existing groups to study students’ achievement”
the symptom progression of the patients treated
with the new therapy versus those receiving the ➔ A comparison of the effect of personalized
standard course of treatment. instruction vs. traditional instruction on
computational skill
II. You can use these pre-existing grYou hypothesize
that a new after-school program will lead to
higher grades. You choose two similar groups of
children who attend different schools, one of
which implements the new program while the
other does not. By comparing the children who
attend the program with those who do not, you
can find out whether it has an impact on grades.
 =BASIC METHODOLOGY FOR A QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH DESIGN=

Deductive reasoning

➢ forms a hypothesis
➢ collects data
➢ uses the data from the investigation
➢ makes analysis and shares conclusions
➢ proves the hypotheses not false or false

The basic Procedure of a Quantitative Design

1. Make your observations about

something that is unknown,
unexplained, or new. Investigate
current theory surrounding your
problem or issue.

2. Hypothesize an explanation for those

observations.

3. Make a prediction of outcomes based

on your hypotheses. Formulate a plan
to test your prediction.

4. Collect and process your data. If your

prediction was correct, go to step 5. If
not, the hypothesis has been proven
false. Return to step 2 to form a new
hypothesis based on your new
knowledge.

5. Verify your findings. Make your

conclusions. Present your findings in
an appropriate form for your audience.