Answer all questions

1. The diagram shows a kettle of boiling water.

As the water vapor cools it turns into droplets of liquid water.

(a) The change of state when water vapor changes into liquid water is described as
[1]

Answer is B
(b) Describe what happens when water vapor cools to form liquid water.
Your answer should include the change in the energy, arrangement and movement of
the particles.
[3]
change in energy

The particles lose kinetic energy

change in arrangement

They pack more closely

change in movement

They move less randomly

[Total: 4]

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2. When a liquid evaporates at room temperature, it changes into a gas.
The diagram shows the arrangement of the particles in a liquid.

(a) Complete the diagram to show the arrangement of four particles in a gas.
[1]
Few particles, about 4

(b) Describe the movement of particles in a gas.

[1]
They move freely/randomly

(c) Explain why heating a liquid causes it to evaporate more quickly.

[2]
Kinetic energy of the particles increases
More particles have enough energy to escape/
More particles overcome the forces holding them together
[Total: 4]
3. Boron is an element in Group 3 of the Periodic Table.
An atom of boron can be represented as 115𝐵
(a) Use numbers from the box to complete the sentences about this atom of boron.

Each number may be used once, more than once or not at all.

(i) The atomic number of boron is ...............5.....................

[1]
(ii) The mass number of boron is ...............11.....................
[1]
(iii) This atom of boron contains ..............5...................... protons.
[1]
(iv) This atom of boron contains .............6....................... neutrons
[1]
(v) This atom of boron contains ..................5.................. electrons.
[1]

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 (b) Aluminum is another element in Group 3 of the Periodic Table.
Select a word or phrase from the box to complete each sentence about an atom of
aluminum.
fewer more the same number of

Each word or phrase may be used once, more than once or not at all.
(i) Compared to an atom of boron, an atom of aluminum has

.........................more...................................................... protons.
[1]
(ii) Compared to an atom of boron, an atom of aluminum has

..............................more................................................... neutrons.
[1]
(iii) Compared to an atom of boron, an atom of aluminum has

................the same number of........................................ electrons in

its outer shell.
[1]

(c) The electronic configuration of aluminum is

[1]

Answer is D
[Total: 9]
4. The table shows the numbers of particles in two atoms, L and M.

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(a) Which particles are present in the nuclei of both atoms?
[1]

Answer is C

(b) (i) The atomic number of atom L is .................6..................

[1]
(ii) The mass number of atom L is ................14...................
[1]
(c) Atoms L and M are neutral because
[1]

Answer is B

(d) Use information from the table to explain why atoms L and M are isotopes of the
same element.
[2]
Same number of protons but different number of neutrons

(e) The electronic configuration of atom M is

[1]

Answer is B

[Total: 7]

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5. Atoms contain three different types of particle.
These are electrons, neutrons and protons.
(a) Which one of the three particles has a negative charge?
[1]
Electrons

(b) Which one of the three particles has the smallest mass?
[1]
Electrons

(c) Use words from the box to complete the sentences below.
Each word may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

(i) Atoms are neutral because they contain equal numbers of

[1]
……………protons………………………….and………………electrons…………

(ii) Isotopes are atoms with the same number of

[2]
……………protons…………………………. but different numbers of

…………neutrons…………………………in the nucleus

(d) An atom of magnesium can be represented by the symbol 2412𝑀𝑔

Use numbers to complete these statements about this atom.
(i) The atomic number of this atom is
[1]
12

(ii) The mass number of this atom is

[1]
24

(iii) The electronic configuration of this atom is

[1]
2.8.2

[Total: 8]

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6. Use the Periodic Table below to answer this question.

(a) (i) The symbol for silver is

[1]

Answer is A

(ii) The element with an atomic number of 40 is

[1]
Zr

(b) An atom of an element has the electronic configuration 2.8.3

(i) State the number of the group in the Periodic Table in which this element is found
[1]
3

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 (ii) Explain your answer in terms of the atom’s electronic configuration.
[1]
It has 3 electrons in its outer/valence shell

(iii) State the number of the period in the Periodic Table in which this element is found.
[1]
3

(iv) Explain your answer in terms of the atom’s electronic configuration.

[1]
It has 3 shells occupied with electrons

(v) Identify the element.

[1]
Al
(c) Complete the diagram to show the electronic configuration of an atom of fluorine,
using x to represent an electron.
[1]

2.7

[Total: 8]
7. Illegal drugs are sometimes used to affect the performance of racehorses.
These drugs can be detected in horse urine using chromatography.
• a concentrated sample of urine from each horse is spotted onto the start line of a sheet
of chromatography paper
• known illegal drugs are also spotted onto the same paper
• ethanol is used as the solvent
The chromatogram shows urine samples, A, B, C and D, and the two illegal drugs Lasix
and Bute.

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(a) Explain which urine sample contains an illegal drug.
[2]
C. It has a spot on the same line with the illegal drug

(b) What is the meaning of the term solvent?

[1]

A liquid that dissolves a solid

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(c) The results for known drugs are given as Rf values.

[2]
0.73 – 0.77

(d) Suggest how the solubility of the drug in the solvent affects the distance travelled
by the substance.
[1]
The most soluble substance moves furthest

[Total: 6]

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8. The diagram shows four pieces of apparatus used in the separation of mixtures.

(a) (i) The apparatus labelled P is used for

[1]

Answer is B

(ii) The apparatus labelled S is used for

[1]

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 Answer is C

(c) (i) Which method of separation should be used to obtain sand from a mixture
containing salt, sand and water?
[1]

Answer is B

(ii) Which method of separation should be used to obtain pure water from a mixture
containing salt, sand and water?
[1]

Answer is D

(iii) Which method of separation should be used to obtain copper(II) sulfate from a
mixture containing copper(II) sulfate and water?
[1]

Answer is A

(d) Food colorings contain one or more food dyes.

A student used paper chromatography to separate the dyes contained in food
colorings.
She placed spots of three known food colorings (E, F and G) and one unknown food
coloring (H) on the chromatography paper.
The diagram shows the appearance of the paper before and after her experiment.

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 before after
(i) Describe how the student should complete the experiment after placing the four
spots on the paper.
[3]
Place paper in the beaker containing the solvent below the spots.
Leave until the solvent rises to the solvent front.
These substances will move to different heights based on their solubility and
adsorption/stickiness.

(ii) Suggest why food coloring F did not move during the experiment
[1]
Insoluble in the solvent

(iii) How many food dyes are there in food coloring E?

[1]
2

(iv) How many known food dyes are there in food coloring H?
[1]
1

(v) Dyes are often identified by their Rf values.

Record the results for the dye in G and calculate its Rf value.
[3]

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 Dye…46mm
Solvent…70mm
Rf….0.67
[Total: 14]
9. Rock salt is a mixture of salt and sand. Crystals of pure salt can be obtained from rock
salt by using the method below.
Use words from the box to complete the sentences.
You may use each word once, more than once or not at all.
[5]

• Grind the rock salt into a fine powder.

• Add the powder to hot water and stir to

..............................dissolve............................................... the salt.

• Filter the mixture. The salt

..............solution............................................................... passes through the filter
paper leaving behind the sand.

• Boil the filtrate to ...........................evaporate..................................................

some of the water.

• Leave the saturated solution to cool so that

...............................crystals.............................................. of salt form.

• Finally, ...........................filter.................................................. the cold mixture to

separate the crystals from the remaining solution.

[Total: 5]

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10. The box shows some methods that can be used in separating mixtures.

From the box, select the best method for each of the separations.
You may use each method once, more than once or not at all.
[5]
(a) Removing sand from a mixture of sand and water
Filtration/evaporation

(b) Obtaining pure water from a salt solution.

Simple distillation

(c) Extracting the red dye from a sample of rose petals.

Dissolving

(d) Separating the colored dyes in a sample of green ink.

Chromatography

(e) Obtaining ethanol (alcohol) from a mixture of ethanol and water.

Fractional distillation

[Total: 5]

[Total Marks: 70]

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