MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY LAWS, BIOETHICS AND OTHER RELATED LAWS

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES

1. Hippocrates

2. Dr. Jesse Umali

3. Mr. Crisanto Almario

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGISTS’ PRAYER

O God, who by calling us to the vocation of a medical technologists, has placed upon us the obligation of being a
constant help in the scientific care of the sick, grant us by thy divine light a deep insight into the serious
responsibilities of our task.

By thy divine wisdom awaken in us a growing zeal and determination to increase our knowledge of how to search
for the underlying causes of sickness and disease; how to recognize the evidence of physical changes; how to
make important chemical analyses, and other valuable test so helpful in caring for the sick.

By thy divine love permit us in this way to share with those who directly care for the sick, that thus we may be of
constantly working through the eternal physician, Christ our Lord, Amen.

CODE OF ETHICS OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGISTS

As I enter into the practice of Medical Technology, I shall:

• Accept the responsibilities inherent to being a professional.

• Uphold the law and shall not participate in illegal work.
• Act in a spirit of fairness to all and in a spirit of brotherhood toward other members of the profession.
• Accept employment from more than one employer only when there is no conflict of interest.
• Perform my task with full confidence, absolute reliability, and accuracy.
• Share my knowledge and expertise with my colleagues.
• Contribute to the advancement of the professional organization and other allied health organizations.
• Restrict my praises, criticisms, views, and opinions within constructive limits.
• Treat any information I acquired in the course of my work as strictly confidential.
• Uphold the dignity and respect of my profession and conduct myself a reputation of reliability, honesty,
and integrity.
• Be dedicated to the use of clinical laboratory science to promote life and benefit mankind.
• Report any violations of the above principles of the professional conduct to the authorized agency and to
the Ethics Committee of the organization.

To these principles, I hereby subscribe and pledge to conduct myself at all times in a manner befitting the dignity
of my profession.

PANUNUMPA NG PROPESYONAL

Ako, si ________ (pangalan) ng ___________________(Pook na Sinilangan, Bayan/Lungsod, Probinsya) ay

taimtim na nanunumpa na itataguyod ko at ipagtatanggol ang Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas, na ako ay tunay na
mananalig at tatalima rito; na susundin ko ang mga batas, mga utos na legal, at mga atas na ipinahayag ng mga
sadyang itinakdang may kapangyarihan ng Republika ng Pilipinas; at kusa kong babalikatin ang pananagutang ito,
na walang ano mang pasubali o hangaring umiwas.Taimtim pa rin akong manunumpa na sa lahat ng panahon at
pook na kinaroroonan ay mahigpit akong manghahawakan sa mga etikal at tuntuning propesyonal ng
mga_________________________________ sa Pilipinas, at marapat kong gagampanan ng buong husay sa
abot ng aking makakaya ang mga tungkulin at pananagutang iniatang sa isang itinakdang
____________________.

Kasihan Nawa ako ng Diyos.

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PAMET HYMN
• MUSIC: FRANCIS JEROTA PEFANCO
• LYRICS: HECTOR GENTAPANAN HAYARES, JR.

From various lands, races and places

With grateful hearts we blend our voices
This day to our beloved PAMET
From whence unity and love cometh
We join together in brotherhood
To live up to thine ideals we should
In fields of advancement and learning
Thy noble goals may be our bearing
Loyal and true we'll be to thee
Beloved PAMET this we say
For service to God and humanity
With joy we sing for thee till eternity
Loyal and true we'll be to thee
Beloved PAMET this we say
For service to God and humanity
With joy we sing for thee till eternity.

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REPUBLIC ACT # 5527: AN ACT REQUIRING THE REGISTRATION OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGISTS,
DEFINING THEIR PRACTICE, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

✓ This Act may be also cited as the ________________________________________________________

Definition of Terms:
✓ "Medical Technology"— An auxiliary branch of laboratory medicine which deals with the examination by
various chemical, microscopic, bacteriologic and other medical laboratory procedures which will aid the
physician in the diagnosis, study and treatment of disease and in the promotion of health in general
✓ "Pathologist"— A duly registered physician who is specially trained in methods of laboratory medicine, of
the gross and microscopic study and interpretation of tissues, secretions and excretions of the human
body and its functions in order to diagnose disease, follows its course, determine the effectiveness of
treatment, ascertain cause of death and advance medicine by means of research
✓ "Medical Technologist" — A person who engages in the work of medical technology under the supervision
of a pathologist or licensed physician authorized by the department of health
✓ "Board"— The Board of Examiners for Medical Technology
*COMPOSITIONS OF THE BOARD EXAMINERS
1. Chairman
2. Two Members
*QUALIFICATIONS OF THE BOARD EXAMINERS
1. ____________________________
2. ____________________________
3. ____________________________
4. ____________________________
5.____________________________

✓ "Council" — The Council of Medical Technology Education: minimum standardization on BSMT/BMLS

curricula
Chairman: _____________________________________
Vice-Chairman: _________________________________
2 Members: ____________________________________

o Scope and Coverage of Examination & Passing Requirements/Conditions

SUBJECT RELATIVE WEIGHTS
Clinical Chemistry 20%
Microbiology and Parasitology 20%
Hematology 20%
Blood Banking and Serology 20%
Clinical Microscopy (Urinalysis and other body fluids) 10%
Histopathologic Techniques, MTLaws, Cytotechnology 10%
▪ PASSING SCORE: 75.00% or above
▪ No rating below fifty percent in any of the major subjects
▪ Has not failed in at least ______________________ of the subjects computed
according to their relative weights
▪ 12-months refresher course→ MEDICAL TECHNICIAN ____________________

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 o Oath-taking and Issuance of Certificate of Registration
▪ All successful examinees shall be required to take a professional oath
▪ No certificate shall be issued to any successful applicant who has not attained the age of
_______________

o Roster of Medical Technologists

▪ A roster of Medical Technologists shall be prepared annually by the Secretary of the Board
▪ Name, address and citizenship, date of registration or issuance of certificate

CLINICAL LABORATORY ORGANIZATION

CLINICAL LABORATORY: FEATURES AND CLASSIFICATION

 A place where blood, body fluids, and other biological specimens are tested, analyzed or evaluated
(Walters, et.al.)
 Clinical Laboratory Law: _____________________________________________________

Primary purpose:
 To determine the character and quantity of the various chemical substances in the blood and other body
fluids, tissues, secretions and excretions (Rabor)

A clinical laboratory is important because:

o It plays a central role in healthcare as laboratory medicine
o 70% of all medical decisions are based on laboratory results
o It is at the forefront in education, research, information and technology design
o It facilitates the implementation of laboratory networking and quality control management

Laboratory Physical Design

The suggested standard dimensions in planning and designing a laboratory:
• Laboratory counters width: ________________
• Laboratory counter-to-wall clearance: _______
• Laboratory counter-to-counter clearance: 7 feet
• Desk height: 30 inches
• Keyboard drawer height: 25–27 inches
• Human body standing: 4 square feet
• Human body sitting: 6 square feet
• Desk space: 3 square feet

CLASSIFICATIONS OF A CLINICAL LABORATORY BASED ON FUNCTIONS

CLINICAL PATHOLOGY ANATOMICAL PATHOLOGY
HEMATOLOGY IMMUNOHISTOPATHOLOGY
IMMUNOLOGY AND SEROLOGY SURGICAL PATHOLOGY
BLOOD BANKING CYTOLOGY
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AUTOPSY
PARASITOLOGY FORENSIC PATHOLOGY
MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
CLINICAL MICROSCOPY

TYPES OF CLINICAL LABORATORY BASED ON MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS

Considerations/Particulars Primary Laboratory Secondary Tertiary Laboratory
Laboratory
Other Names Traditional Lab Conventional Lab with Sophisticated Lab with
semi-automated automated machines
machines
Working Space (sq. m.)

Equipment & Instruments

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Service Capabilities

DIFFERENT HAZARDS PRESENT IN THE LABORATORY

1. Physical hazard _______________________________________________

_______________________________________________
2. Chemical hazard ______________________________________________
*RESISTANT TO ETHER: _____________________________________________

3. Biological hazard ______________________________________________

• Biological hazards expose an unprotected individual to bacteria, viruses, parasites, or other
biological entities that can result in injury

THE BIOHAZARD SYMBOL

Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs)

1. ____________________________
2. ____________________________
3. ____________________________
4. ____________________________
5. ____________________________

BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINETS (BSC)

-Is a device that encloses a workspace in such a way as to protect workers from an aerosol exposure to infectious
disease agents

✓ AIR that contains the infectious material is sterilized by:

 Heat
 UV light
 HEPA filter
❖ HEPA filter- removes particle larger than __________um in diameter

Summary of Biosafety Levels for Infectious Agents

BSL-1 BSL-2 BSL-3 BSL-4

* * * *
* * *
* *
* *
* *

4. Ergonomic hazard
• Include CTD: _________________________________________
• This is a collective group of injuries involving the musculoskeletal and/or nervous system in
response to long-term repetitive twisting, bending, lifting, or assuming static postures for an
extended period of time

CLASSES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS AND THEIR USES

CLASS USE Examples
A Ordinary combustible materials
B Flammable liquids
C Electrical equipment
D Combustible metals
K Cooking oil and greases
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 • WHEN FIRE IS OBSERVED, ALL EMPLOYEES ARE EXPECTED TO TAKE ACTIONS IN THE ACRONYM-RACE
R-
A-
C-
E-

• STEPS IN OPERATING FIRE EXTINGUISHERS-PASS

P-
A-
S-
S-

NATIONAL FIRE PREVENTION ASSOCIATION LABELLING SYSTEM

CHEMICAL WASTES’ DISPOSALS

COLOR OF GARBAGE CONTAINER/BIN USE/S

RED SHARPS AND PRESSURIZED CONTAINERS

BLUE PUNCTURE-PROOF WASTES

YELLOW INFECTIOUS PATHOLOGICAL WASTES

BLACK DRY NON-INFECTIOUS WASTES

GREEN WET NON-INFECTIOUS WASTES

ORANGE RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS

YELLOW WITH BLACK BAND CHEMICAL WASTES (HEAVY METALS)

National Reference Laboratory (NRLs)

a. Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM): Dengue, Influenza, TB, and other Mycobacteria,
Malaria and other parasites, Bacterial enteric disease. Measles and other viral Exanthems,
Mycology, Enteroviruses, Antimicrobial resistance and engineering diseases
b. San Lazaro Hospital (SACCL): HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, Syphilis and other STIs
c. East Avenue Medical Center: Environmental and Occupational Health; Toxicology and Micronutrient
assay
d. National Kidney and Transplant Institute (NKTI): Hematology, Immunohematology and
Immunopathology and Anatomic Pathology
e. Philippine Heart Center: Pathology for Cardiac Disease
f. Lung Cancer of the Philippines: Atomic Pathology for Pulmonary Diseases; Biochemistry

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REPUBLIC ACT # 7719: AN ACT PROMOTING VOLUNTARY BLOOD DONATION, PROVIDING FOR AN
ADEQUATE SUPPLY OF SAFE BLOOD, REGULATING BLOOD BANKS, AND PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR
VIOLATION THEREOF

✓ This Act shall be known as the “National Blood Services Act of 1994”
✓ This Act shall supersede _______________________ entitled “Blood Bank Act”: AN ACT REGULATING
THE COLLECTION, PROCESSING AND SALE OF HUMAN BLOOD, AND THE ESTABLISHMENT
AND OPERATION OF BLOOD BANKS AND BLOOD PROCESSING LABORATORIES

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BLOOD DONATION:
4 Major Steps
1. Registration
2. Interview
3. Physical Examination
4. Specimen Blood Collection and Screening

BLOOD STATIONS
BLOOD COLLECTION UNIT (BCU): ___________________________________________________
BLOOD BANK/BLOOD BANK CENTER: _________________________________________________

Authorization of Blood Stations

1. Head of Blood Bank: Pathologist/Hematologist
2. Two (2) Laboratory Personnel
3. License To Operate (LTO)
4. Contingency Plan
5. One (1) blood refrigerator with 24 hour power supply

CATEGORIES OF BLOOD BANK/BLOOD BANK CENTER

Category A Non-Hospital Based: ______________________________________________________
Category B Non-Hospital Based: ______________________________________________________
Category A Hospital Based: __________________________________________________________
Category B Hospital Based: __________________________________________________________

Blood Unit Screening Tests

1. ______________________
2. ______________________
3. ______________________
4. ______________________
5. ______________________

OTHER RELATED LAWS

1. REPUBLIC ACT # 8981: AN ACT MODERNIZING THE PROFESSIONAL REGULATION

COMMISSION, REPEALING FOR THE PURPOSE PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NUMBERED TWO
HUNDRED AND TWENTY-THREE, ENTITLED "CREATING THE PROFESSIONAL REGULATION
COMMISSION AND PRESCRIBING ITS POWERS AND FUNCTIONS," AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES
2. REPUBLIC ACT # 8504: AN ACT PROMULGATING POLICIES AND PRESCRIBING MEASURES
FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF HIV/AIDS IN THE PHILIPPINES, INSTITUTING A
NATIONWIDE HIV/AIDS INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM, ESTABLISHING A
COMPREHENSIVE HIV/AIDS MONITORING SYSTEM, STRENGTHENING THE PHILIPPINE
NATIONAL AIDS COUNCIL, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
3. REPUBLIC ACT # 9165: AN ACT INSTITUTING THE COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS
ACT OF 2002, REPEALING REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6425, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE
DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 1972, AS AMENDED, PROVIDING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES
4. PRESIDENTIAL DECREE # 856: "Code on Sanitation of the Philippines"
5. REPUBLIC ACT # 7170:AN ACT AUTHORIZING THE LEGACY OR DONATION OF ALL OR PART
OF A HUMAN BODY AFTER DEATH FOR SPECIFIED PURPOSES
6. REPUBLIC ACT # 9288: AN ACT PROMULGATING A COMPREHENSIVE POLICY AND A
NATIONAL SYSTEM FOR ENSURING NEWBORN SCREENING
7. REPUBLIC ACT # 8749 s. 1999:AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A COMPREHENSIVE AIR POLLUTION
CONTROL POLICY AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
8. REPUBLIC ACT # 10354: An Act Providing for a National Policy on Responsible Parenthood
and Reproductive Health
9. REPUBLIC ACT # 10645: An act providing for the mandatory PhilHealth coverage for all
Senior Citizens, amending for the purpose Republic Act No. 7432, as amended by Republic
Act No. 9994, otherwise known as the "Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010"
10. REPUBLIC ACT # 10152: An Act Providing for Mandatory Basic Immunization Services for
Infants and Children, repealing for the Purpose Presidential Decree No. 996, As Amended

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