Cape Chemistry Lab Compress

9/12 B.
Roopnarain
NAME: CAMROUL HOOKUMCHAND PRESIDENT’S COLLEGE
CANDIDATE #: DATE:
CAPE CHEMISTRY Skill: P&D
UNIT 1 PRACTICAL # 7
Statement of problem: The Pharmacist at the local drugstore insists on the effectiveness of
Brand A antacid over Brand B antacid. Plan and design an experiment to determine the truth of
the pharmacist’s claim.
Hypothesis: Brand A antacid neutralises more stomach acid than Brand B antacid.
Aim: to plan and design an experiment to determine the effectiveness of Brand A antacid and
Brand B antacid
Variables
Dependent/ variables
1. Amount of HCl neutralized
2. The pink color change
3. The color change of pink to colorless
Independent variable
1. Brand B antacid
2. Brand A antacid
3. Standard NaOH
Controlled variable
1. Volume of HCl added
2. Mass of both antacid weighed
3. Volume of standard NaOH
Reagents
1. Brand A antacid
2. Brand B antacid
3. 200 cm3 HCl acid ( 0.1 mol/dm3)
4. Phenolphthalein indicator (1%)
5. Standard NaOH solution ( 0.1 mol/dm3)
Materials
9/12 B. Roopnarain
 100 cm3 Conical flask

 25 cm3 Burette
 100 cm3 measuring cylinder
 Electric scale
 Calculator
 Lab coat
 Goggles
 Gloves
 Retort stand
 Stirring rod
Procedure: Back titration method
1. Firstly gather the materials with the reagents require for the experiment, at that time
crushed 25 grams of Brand A antacid and 25 grams of Brand B antacid.
2. Formerly dissolve both samples of antacid in separate conical flask with 25 cm3 HCl
each and add one drop of Phenolphthalein indicator.
3. Later fill the burette to the zero mark with NaOH, then used that burette to titrate over
the HCl until a pink coloration is seen (endpoint).
4. Repeat the procedure with the other conical flask containing the other antacid and
precisely record the amounts of HCl added and then make necessary calculation.
5. Finally recap procedure 1, 2, 3 and 4 to gain maximum accuracy with the results, the
effectiveness of the antacid (that is the amount of HCl neutralised by antacid) can be
calculated by the amount of NaOH added into the HCl solution to neutralise it.
Diagrams – coming soon ( under constructions)

9/12 B. Roopnarain
Results:
The below table shows the amount of NaOH that was required to neutralise HCl (containing
antacid)
9/12 B. Roopnarain
Trial Titration
Volume of Volume of
NaOH NaOH
Volume/cm3 Initial A1 A2
Final B1 B2
Titre A1-B1= X1 A2-B2 = X2
Treatment of data (calculations)
The effectiveness of the various antacid could be calculated by:

With the formula No. of Moles = M x volume
If for example case 1 25cm3 NaOH is added to the burette and 2X cm3 is used to neutralise the
HCl solution.
Case 2 25cm3 NaOH is added to the burette and 1.5X cm3 is used to
neutralise the HCl solution.
 Therefore the antacid in case 2 is more effective since less NaOH was required to
neutralise the HCl solution. This showed that in case more HCl was neutralised by the
antacid used, thus requiring less amount of NaOH to bring it to a pH around 7.
Also considering the equation below:

NaOH (aq) + HCL (aq)  NaCl(s) + H2O (L)  1:1 ratio
Since the ratio is one to one the amount of HCl neutralised can be calculated easily by:
NO of Mole = M x volume (this is shown in the table on the next page)
The table below shows the break down calculations for the number of moles for the two
antacid used
9/12 B. Roopnarain
Antacid B Steps Antacid A

NO of Mole = M x volume 1. NO of Mole = M x volume
= Y mol/dm3 x 3X dm3 = Y mol/dm3 x 2X dm3
= 3XY moles  HCl neutralised = 2XY moles  HCl neutralised
This antacid is weaker since 3XY moles HCl Then this antacid is stronger since only 2XY
was neutralised by NaOH to bring it to moles HCl was neutralised by NaOH to bring it
endpoint. This showed that the antacid has to endpoint. This showed that the antacid has
done less work in comparison to Antacid A done some extra work in comparison to
Antacid B
Therefore amount of HCl neutralised by 2. Therefore amount of HCl neutralised by

antacid are: antacid are:
Y mol/dm3 x 7X dm3( total HCl added) Y mol/dm3 x 7X dm3( total HCl added)
= 7XY moles  mole present before = 7XY moles  mole present before
titration titration
Moles neutralised by antacid 3. Moles neutralised by antacid

7XY moles – 3XY moles 7XY moles – 2XY moles
= 4XY Moles = 5XY Moles
If active ingredient is Mg(OH)2 4. If active ingredient is Mg(OH)2

Consider the equation: Consider the equation:
Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + 2H2O Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + 2H2O
Since the Ratio is 1:2, then 2XY moles of Since the Ratio is 1:2, then 2.5 XY moles of
antacid is used here antacid is used here
Note: the active ingredient Mg(OH)2 is used Note: the active ingredient Mg(OH)2 is used as
as an example, this mean that the ratio can an example, this mean that the ratio can
changed based on which active ingredient is changed based on which active ingredient is
used used
Assumptions:
The antacid A is more effective if less NaOH is needed to neutralize the HCl, that is, more HCl
was already neutralize by the antacid. Also if more moles of antacid is used up with the same
9/12 B. Roopnarain
amount of HCl then that HCl acid is more stronger/effective. This can be seen from the example
where Mg (OH)2 is used to demonstrate.
Possible Sources of errors and limitations

1. The titration must be stop when the pink coloration is seen
2. A white paper sheet of paper must be place under the conical flask to observe the pink
colour better.
3. Two more accurate titrations must be performed to gain maximum accuracy.
4. All utensils should be washed and dry when repeating titrations.
5. The electric scale should be zeroed before measuring the mass of antacid.
6. The antacid purchased must not be closed or on/after to its expiry date.
Conclusion
If the determining factor, that is, the number of moles of HCl neutralised by NaOH is less when
the Brand A antacid is used rather than when Brand B antacid is used then the hypothesis is
supported if not then the hypothesis is not supported.

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9/12 B.

NAME: CAMROUL HOOKUMCHAND PRESIDENT’S COLLEGE

CAPE CHEMISTRY Skill: P&D

 100 cm3 Conical flask

Procedure: Back titration method

Diagrams – coming soon ( under constructions)

Titre A1-B1= X1 A2-B2 = X2

Treatment of data (calculations)

The effectiveness of the various antacid could be calculated by:

Also considering the equation below:

Antacid B Steps Antacid A

Therefore amount of HCl neutralised by 2. Therefore amount of HCl neutralised by

Moles neutralised by antacid 3. Moles neutralised by antacid

If active ingredient is Mg(OH)2 4. If active ingredient is Mg(OH)2

Possible Sources of errors and limitations

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