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PHP User Defined Functions

User-defined functions in PHP allow programmers to create reusable blocks of code to perform tasks. Functions are declared using the function keyword and contain code to execute. Functions are called by their name and can accept arguments to customize their behavior. Variables used inside functions have local scope by default but can be made global or static to persist between function calls. </body> </html>

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Aniket Singh
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
324 views

PHP User Defined Functions

User-defined functions in PHP allow programmers to create reusable blocks of code to perform tasks. Functions are declared using the function keyword and contain code to execute. Functions are called by their name and can accept arguments to customize their behavior. Variables used inside functions have local scope by default but can be made global or static to persist between function calls. </body> </html>

Uploaded by

Aniket Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHP User Defined Functions

Besides the built-in PHP functions, we can create our own


functions.

A function is a block of statements that can be used


repeatedly in a program.

A function will not execute immediately when a page loads.

A function will be executed by a call to the function.

Create a User Defined Function in


PHP
A user-defined function declaration starts with the
word function:

Syntax
function functionName() {
    code to be executed;
}

Note: A function name can start with a letter or underscore


(not a number).

Tip: Give the function a name that reflects what the function


does!

Function names are NOT case-sensitive.


In the example below, we create a function named
"writeMsg()". The opening curly brace ( { ) indicates the
beginning of the function code and the closing curly brace ( }
) indicates the end of the function. The function outputs
"Hello world!". To call the function, just write its name:

Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<?php
function writeMsg() {
    echo "Hello world!";
}

writeMsg();
?>

</body>
</html>

PHP Function Arguments


Information can be passed to functions through arguments.
An argument is just like a variable.

Arguments are specified after the function name, inside the


parentheses. You can add as many arguments as you want,
just separate them with a comma.

The following example has a function with one argument


($fname). When the familyName() function is called, we also
pass along a name (e.g. Jani), and the name is used inside
the function, which outputs several different first names, but
an equal last name:

Example
<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<?php

function familyName($fname) {

echo "$fname.<br>";

familyName("san");

familyName("dan");

?>

</body>

</html>

The following example has a function with two arguments


($fname and $year):

Example
<?php
function familyName($fname, $year) {
    echo "$fname Refsnes. Born in $year <br>";
}

familyName("Hege", "1975");
familyName("Stale", "1978");
familyName("Kai Jim", "1983");
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<?php
function familyName($fname, $year) {
    echo "$fname Refsnes. Born in $year <br>";
}

familyName("Hege","1975");
familyName("Stale","1978");
familyName("Kai Jim","1983");
?>

</body>
</html>

PHP Default Argument Value


The following example shows how to use a default
parameter. If we call the function setHeight() without
arguments it takes the default value as argument:

Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<?php
function setHeight($minheight = 50) {
    echo "The height is : $minheight <br>";
}

setHeight(350);
setHeight();
setHeight(135);
setHeight(80);
?>

</body>
</html>

PHP Functions - Returning values


To let a function return a value, use the return statement:

Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<?php
function sum($x, $y) {
    $z = $x + $y;
    return $z;
}

echo "5 + 10 = " . sum(5,10) . "<br>";


echo "7 + 13 = " . sum(7,13) . "<br>";
echo "2 + 4 = " . sum(2,4);
?>
</body>
</html>

PHP has three different variable


local
global
static
Local variable: - A variable declared within a PHP
function is local and can only be accessed
within that function.
<?php

function test(){

$a = 10;

echo 'The Value of $a inside function is : ',$a,'<br>';

test();

echo 'The Value of $a Outside Function is : ',$a,'<br>';

?>

output
The Value of $a inside function is : 10
The Value of $a Outside Function is :
Warning: Undefined variable $a in C:\xampp\htdocs\san\summ.php on line 7
PHP The static Keyword
Normally, when a function is completed/executed, all of its
variables are deleted. However, sometimes we want a local
variable NOT to be deleted. We need it for a further job.

To do this, use the static keyword when you first declare


the variable:
<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<?php

function myTest()

static $x = 0;

$b=5;

echo "x= ". $x ."<br>";

echo "b= " . $b . "<br>";

$x++;

myTest();

echo "<br>";

myTest();

echo "<br>";

myTest();

?>

</body>

</html>

output

x= 0
b= 5
x= 1
b= 5

x= 2
b= 5

Global and Local Scope


A variable declared outside a function has a GLOBAL SCOPE and can only be
accessed outside a function:
<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<?php

$x = 5; // global scope

function myTest() {

// using x inside this function will generate an error

echo "<p>Variable x inside function is: $x</p>";

myTest();

echo "<p>Variable x outside function is: $x</p>";

?>

</body>

</html>

Output
Warning: Undefined variable $x in C:\xampp\htdocs\san\summ.php on line 10

Variable x inside function is:

Variable x outside function is: 5


PHP Global Variables - Superglobals
Several predefined variables in PHP are "superglobals",
which means that they are always accessible, regardless of
scope - and you can access them from any function, class or
file without having to do anything special.

The PHP superglobal variables are:

 $GLOBALS
 $_SERVER
 $_REQUEST
 $_POST
 $_GET
 $_FILES
 $_ENV
 $_COOKIE
 $_SESSION

PHP $GLOBALS
$GLOBALS is a PHP super global variable which is used to
access global variables from anywhere in the PHP script
(also from within functions or methods).

PHP stores all global variables in an array called


$GLOBALS[index]. The index holds the name of the variable.

The example below shows how to use the super global


variable $GLOBALS:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<?php 
$x = 75;
$y = 25; 

function addition() {
    $GLOBALS['z'] = $GLOBALS['x'] + $GLOBALS['y'];
}

addition();
echo $z;
?>

</body>
</html>

In the example above, since z is a variable present within the


$GLOBALS array, it is also accessible from outside the
function!
PHP $_SERVER
$_SERVER is a PHP super global variable which holds
information about headers, paths, and script locations.

The example below shows how to use some of the elements


in $_SERVER:

Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<?php 
echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];
echo "<br>";
echo $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'];
echo "<br>";
echo $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'];
echo "<br>";
echo $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'];
echo "<br>";
echo $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'];
echo "<br>";
echo $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'];
?>
</body>
</html>
output
/san/summ.php
localhost
localhost

Warning: Undefined array key "HTTP_REFERER" in C:\xampp\htdocs\san\


summ.php on line 8

Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like


Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.54 Safari/537.36
/san/summ.php

PHP $_REQUEST
PHP $_REQUEST is used to collect data after submitting an
HTML form.

The example below shows a form with an input field and a


submit button. When a user submits the data by clicking on
"Submit", the form data is sent to the file specified in the
action attribute of the <form> tag. In this example, we point
to this file itself for processing form data. If you wish to use
another PHP file to process form data, replace that with the
filename of your choice. Then, we can use the super global
variable $_REQUEST to collect the value of the input field:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<form method="post" action="<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];?>">
  Name: <input type="text" name="fname">
  <input type="submit">
</form>

<?php
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
    // collect value of input field
    $name = htmlspecialchars($_REQUEST['fname']); 
    if (empty($name)) {
        echo "Name is empty";
    } else {
        echo $name;
    }
}
?>

</body>
</html>

PHP $_POST
PHP $_POST is widely used to collect form data after
submitting an HTML form with method="post". $_POST is
also widely used to pass variables.
The example below shows a form with an input field and a
submit button. When a user submits the data by clicking on
"Submit", the form data is sent to the file specified in the
action attribute of the <form> tag. In this example, we point
to the file itself for processing form data. If you wish to use
another PHP file to process form data, replace that with the
filename of your choice. Then, we can use the super global
variable $_POST to collect the value of the input field:

Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<form method="post" action="<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];?
>">
  Name: <input type="text" name="fname">
  <input type="submit">
</form>

<?php
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
    // collect value of input field
    $name = $_POST['fname']; 
    if (empty($name)) {
        echo "Name is empty";
    } else {
        echo $name;
    }
}
?>
</body>
</html>
PHP 5 Form Handling
The PHP superglobals $_GET and $_POST are used to
collect form-data.

PHP - A Simple HTML Form


The example below displays a simple HTML form with two
input fields and a submit button:

Example
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>  
<body>
<form action="welcome.php" method="post">
Name: <input type="text" name="name"><br>
E-mail: <input type="text" name="email"><br>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

When the user fills out the form above and clicks the submit
button, the form data is sent for processing to a PHP file
named "welcome.php". The form data is sent with the HTTP
POST method.

To display the submitted data you could simply echo all the
variables. The "welcome.php" looks like this:
<html>
<body>
Welcome <?php echo $_POST["name"]; ?><br>
Your email address is: <?php echo $_POST["email"]; ?>
</body>
</html>

The output could be something like this:

Welcome John
Your email address is john.doe@example.com

The same result could also be achieved using the HTTP GET
method:

Example
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>  
<body>
<form action="welcome_get.php" method="get">
Name: <input type="text" name="name"><br>
E-mail: <input type="text" name="email"><br>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

and "welcome_get.php" looks like this:

<html>
<body>
Welcome <?php echo $_GET["name"]; ?><br>
Your email address is: <?php echo $_GET["email"]; ?>
</body>
</html>

Program1
<html>

<body>

<form method="post">

Enter First Number:

<input type="number" name="number1" /><br><br>

Enter Second Number:

<input type="number" name="number2" /><br><br>

<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Add">

</form>

<?php

if(isset($_POST['submit']))

$number1 = $_POST['number1'];

$number2 = $_POST['number2'];

$sum = $number1+$number2;

echo "The sum of $number1 and $number2 is: ".$sum;

?>

</body>
</html>

Program2
<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>PHP insertion</title>

<body>

<div class="title">

<h2>Insert Data In Database Using PHP.</h2>

</div>

<form action="http://localhost/san/insert.php" method="post">

<h2>Form</h2>

<label>Code:</label>

<input class="input" name="cd" type="text" value="">

<label>FirstName:</label>

<input class="input" name="fn" type="text" value="">

<label>LastName:</label>

<input class="input" name="ln" type="text" value="">

<input class="submit" name="submit" type="submit"


value="Insert">

</form>
</body>

</html>

Definition and Usage


The isset() function checks whether a variable is set, which means that it has to
be declared and is not NULL.

This function returns true if the variable exists and is not NULL, otherwise it
returns false.

insert.php
<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Hello!</title>

</head>

<body>

<?php

if(isset($_POST['submit']))

$ecode = $_POST['cd'];

$efname = $_POST['fn'];

$elname = $_POST['ln'];

echo "$ecode " . "$efname " . "$elname "."<br>" ;


}

?>

</body>

</html>

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