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SQL - Order of Execution

The document discusses the order in which clauses in an SQL query are executed by the SQL engine. It explains that the FROM clause is executed first to identify the tables being queried. Next, any JOIN clauses are processed to combine rows from multiple tables. Then, the WHERE clause filters rows based on conditions. Subsequent clauses like GROUP BY, HAVING, SELECT, ORDER BY, and LIMIT/OFFSET are executed in that order to group, filter grouped rows, select columns, sort results, and limit rows returned. Understanding this order helps write accurate, efficient queries with faster execution times and avoids errors.

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Humayun Farooqi
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104 views

SQL - Order of Execution

The document discusses the order in which clauses in an SQL query are executed by the SQL engine. It explains that the FROM clause is executed first to identify the tables being queried. Next, any JOIN clauses are processed to combine rows from multiple tables. Then, the WHERE clause filters rows based on conditions. Subsequent clauses like GROUP BY, HAVING, SELECT, ORDER BY, and LIMIT/OFFSET are executed in that order to group, filter grouped rows, select columns, sort results, and limit rows returned. Understanding this order helps write accurate, efficient queries with faster execution times and avoids errors.

Uploaded by

Humayun Farooqi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL

ORDER
OF
EXECUTION
Understand the order in which the SQL
engine processes the various
components of a query.
WHAT IS THE
ORDER OF
EXECUTION?
The order of execution refers to
the sequence in which different
components of a query are processed
by the SQL engine to produce the
final output.
BENEFITS OF
UNDERSTANDING
THE ORDER OF
EXECUTION:
Write accurate and efficient queries
Faster query execution times
Avoid errors or unexpected results
EACH FOLLOWING
SLIDE WILL BE IN
THE ORDER
OF EXECUTION ->
FROM clause

The FROM clause is the first to execute in


the sequence and it's purpose is to
identify the table or tables that the
query will retrieve data from.
JOIN clause

If there are any joins in the query, they


will be processed after the FROM clause.
A JOIN clause is used to combine rows
from two or more tables, based on a
related column between them.
WHERE clause

The WHERE clause is executed after the


FROM and JOIN claiuse. This clause
filters the rows returned by the FROM
and JOIN clauses.
GROUP BY clause

The GROUP BY clause groups rows that


have the same values into summary
rows. If the query has a WHERE clause,
the GROUP BY will execute after the data
has been filtered in the WHERE clause.
HAVING clause

The HAVING clause filters the grouped


rows produced by the GROUP BY clause.
Therefore to use this clause, your query
must have the GROUP BY clause.
The HAVING clause by nature must
execute after the GROUP BY clause.
SELECT clause

When writing a query you start with the


SELECT clause. But in the order of
execution the SELECT clause only
precedes the clauses that work off of
the result set. This is because this clause
specifies which columns will be included
in the result set.
ORDER BY clause

The ORDER BY clause sorts the rows in


the result set based on one or more
columns. This clause sorts the records in
ascending order by default. To sort the
records in descending order, use the
DESC keyword.
LIMIT/OFFSET clause

The LIMIT clause is used to specify the


number of records to return. The OFFSET
clause specifies the number of rows to
skip in the result table before any rows
are retrieved. The LIMIT/OFFSET clauses
will always be the last to execute in the
order of execution.

Note: These keywords do not exist in all


flavors of SQL.
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