Revision chemistry

12-06-2021

1. Define the flowing terms according to the text

book?
A. chemical equilibrium is chemical state in which no net
charge can be observed although continuous activity is taken place on
the molecular level.
B. solubility is the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve
in a given quantity of solvent in specific temperature.
C. molarity is the number of moles of solute per litter of solution.
D. gravimetric analysis is an analytical technique based on the
measurement of mass.
E. titration a solution of accurately known concentration called
standard solution is added gradually to another solution of unknown
concentration until the chemical reaction between the two solutions is
complete.

2. State the flowing lows according to the book?

1
 Revision chemistry
12-06-2021

A. Boyles low states that the pressure of a fixed amount of gas

maintained at constant temperature is inversely proportional to the
volume of the gas.
B. Charles low states that the volume of fixed amount of gas
maintained at constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute
temperature of the gas.
C. Avogadro’s low states that at constant pressure and
temperature the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number
of moles of the gas present.
D. mole fraction is dimensionless quantity that express the ratio
of the number of moles all component present.
E. diffusion is the process by which one gases gradually mixes
with another.
E. effusion is the process by which gas under pressure escapes
from one component of a container to another by passing though
small opening.

Problems
2
 Revision chemistry
12-06-2021

4.53: Given: volume = 500 mL = 0.5 L molarity= 2.80 M

Mass =? Mass = moll x molar mass moll= molarity x volume
Molar mass of KI = 39.09+126.904 = 165.994
Mass = molarity x volume x molar mass

Mass = 2.80 x 0.5 x 165.994 = 232.43

4.54: Given: volume = 250 mL = 0.25 L molarity = 0.707

Molar mass of Na NO 3= 22.99+14.007+16 x 3 = 84.99
Mass? Mass = molarity x volume x molar mass = 0.707 x 0.25 x
84.99=15.02 g

4.55: Given: volume = 60 mL = 0.06 L molarity = 0.100 M

Wanted moles of Mgcl2 = molarity x volume = 0.06 x 0.1= 0.006

moll
4.56: Given: volume = 35 mL = 0.035L molarity = 5.5 M

3
 Revision chemistry
12-06-2021

Molar mass of KOH = 39.098 +16 +1 = 56

Mass = molarity x volume x molar mass
Mass = 5.5 x 0.035 x 56 = 10.8 g
4.57: [A] Given: volume = 545 mL = 0.545 L mass = 29 g of
methanol molar mass = 2 x12 + 6 x 1 + 16 = 46.0682
mass 29
Molarity = volume x molar mass molarity = 0.545 x 46.068 = 1.16 M

B. Given: mass = 15.4 g of sucrose volume = 74 mL = 0.074

L
Molar mass = 12 x 12 + 22 x 1 +11 x 16 = 342.2956
mass 15.4
Molarity = volume x molar mass = Molarity = 0.074 x 342.2956 =
0.608 M

C. Given: mass = 9 g of sodium chloride volume = 0.0864 L

Molar mass = 23+35.45 = 58.4428
mass 9
Molarity = volume x molar mass =Molarity = 0.0864 x 58.4428 =1.78M

4
 Revision chemistry
12-06-2021

4.58. (A) given: mass= 6.57 0f ethanol volume. 150 mL 0.15 L

Molar mass = 12+4+16 = 32
mass 6.57
Molarity = volume x molar mass Molarity = 0.15 x 32 = 1.368 M
(Number b and c of this question is like same
process)

4.59. Given: mass = 2.14 g of sodium chloride molarity =0.270M

mass
Calculate the volume? Volume = molarity x molar mass

Molar mass = 22.99+35.45 = 58.44

2.14
Volume = 0.270 x 58.44 = 0.13562 L/1000 = 135.6 ML
(Number b and c of this question is like same process)

4.60. Given: volume = 250 mL = 0.25 L molarity = 0.1 M

(A)= molar mass = 132.9+126.9= 259.8
MASS = molarity x volume x molar mass
5
 Revision chemistry
12-06-2021

Mass = 0.1 x 0.25 x 259.8 = 6.459 = 6.5 g

(Number b and c of this question is like same process)
Dilution
4.63. Given: V = 1. 00 L 1 M1 = 0.646 M M2 =2M
M1 V2 M2XV2
V2 =? M2 = V1
V1 = M1 = 0.646 X 1 /2=0.323L

4.64. Given: V = 25 ml 1 M1= 0.866 M V2 = 500 ml

m1 X v 1 0.866 x 25
M2 = v2 = 500 = 0.0433 M

4.65. Given: V = 60 ml 2 M1 = 4M M2 = 0.200 m

m2 X v 2 0.200 x 60
V1 = v1 = 4 = 0.003 Ml

4.66. Given: V = 505 ml 1 M1 = 0.125 M M2 = 0.1 M

m1 X v 1 505 X 0.125
V2 = M2 = 0.1 = 631.125-505 = 126.25 ML

6
 Revision chemistry
12-06-2021

Gravimetric analysis
4.71. Given: M1= 0.150 M of CaCl2 V1=30 mL V2=0.015
ml
M2=0.100 ml of AgCl CaCl2+2AgNO3 2AgCl +Ca (NO3)2
Mass = molarity x volume x molar mass
Mass = 0.100 x 0.015 x 170 =0.255 g [NB] Molar mass of AgNO3 is
170
And Molar mass of 2AgCl is 143.32
0.255 x 286.64
0.255 340 x= 340 = 0.215 g of AgCl
X 286.64

4.72. Given: molar mass of Br = 137.32 and compound= 232.298

Mass Br=0.242675 MASS of sample = 0.6760 g
molarmass of Br
⁒ Br = molar mass of combound x 100
137.32
⁒Br = 232.298 x 100 = 59.117 ⁒ mass = 0.59117 x 0.4105 =0.24269
mass of Br 0.242675
⁒= mass of sample x 100 = 0.6760 x 100 ⁒= 35.8
7
 Revision chemistry
12-06-2021

4.73. Volume= 2.5x102 ml molarity of AgNO3 =0.043

NaCl +AgNO3 AgCl + NaNO3
58.5 170 g 143.5 85
Mass of AgNO3= mass x volume x molar mass
=0.043x0.25x170=0.48
58.5 x 0.48
0.48 170 x= 170 = 0.165 g
X 58.5

Titration
4.77. Given: mass of KHP =6.4218 molar mass = 71.07
V=0.0187
mass 0.4218
Moll = molar mass = 71.07 = 0.0059 moll of KHP
moll 0.00593
1 0.00593 molarity = volume = 0. 01868 =0.317 KOH

1 ? =0.00593 moll of KOH

8
 Revision chemistry
12-06-2021

4.78. Given: molarity of HCl = 0.312 M

Volume of HCl =0.0174 ml
Volume of NaOH= 0.025 ml
Moll of HCl =molarity x volume =0.0174x0.312 = 0.054288 moll
moll 0.54288
1 0.054288 molarity = volume = 0.025 =0.217 NOH

1 ? 0.054288 moll of NOH

4.79. Given: molarity of NaOH = 1.420M =

Volume of HCl =0.025 l
Molarity of HCl= 2.430 M
Volume of NaOH =?
Moll of HCl =molarity x volume =0.025x2.430 = 0.0607 moll

moll 0.0607
1 0.0607 volume = molarity = 0.001420 =42.78 ml

1 ? 0.0607 moll of NaOH

9
 Revision chemistry
12-06-2021

(Number b and c in this question is taken same

process and answer is B= 158 ML - C =79.23
ml)

4.80. Given: [A] molarity 0f HCl =0.500 M

molarity of NaOH=0.3 volume of NaOH = 10 ML 1 3
Moll = molarity x volume = 0.3 x10 =3 1 ?
=3
moll 3
Volume of CHl = molarity = 0.5 = 6 ml of HCl

Problems of gases
5.19. Given: pressure1= 0.970 atm pressure 2 = 0.541
p1v 1 p2v 2 p1v 1 0.970 x 725
Volume 1= 725 ml p2 = p2 v2 = p2 = 0.541 =1300 ml

5.20. Given: pressure1= 5.3 atm pressure 2 =?

p1v 1 p2v 2 p1v 1
Temperature = 46+273= 319 v2 = v2 p2 = v2 v2 = 0.10 v1

10
 Revision chemistry
12-06-2021

( 5.4 ) v 1
P2 = 0.1 v 1 p2 = 53 atm

4.21. Given: p1 =1 tm p2=? V1 = 5.80 L v2 = 9.65 L

p1v 1 p2v 2 p1v 1 1 x 5.8
v2 = v2 p2 = v2 p2 = 9.65 = 0.60103 atm

1 atm 760 mmHg

0.60103 atm ? P2 = 456.78 = 457 mmHg

4.22. Given: p1 =1.2 tm p2= 6.6 atm V1 = 3.8 L v2 =?

p1v 1 p2v 2 p1v 1 1.2 x 3.8
{A}= p2 = p2 v2 = p2 v2 = 6.6 = 0.6909 L

p1v 1 1.2 x 3.8

{B}= p2 = v2 p2 = O .O 75 = 61 atm

Ideal gas low

5.31. Given: v = 2.3 L T= 32+273= 305 p = 4.7 atm
R=0.0821

11
 Revision chemistry
12-06-2021

pv 4.7 x 2.3
Moles = = = 0.43 moll
RT 0.0821 x 305

5.32. Given: v = 30.4 L T= 62+273=335 p =? R=0.0821

n=6.9
pv nRT nRT 6.9 x 0.0821 x 335
v = v Pressure = v
=
30 . 4 = 6.2 atm

5.33. Given: v =? T= 128+273= 401 p =9.4 atm

R=0.0821
pv nRT nRT 5.6 x 0 . 0821 x 401
N= 5.6 v = v volume = p
=
9.4 = 20 l

Partial pressure
4.57. Given: moles of methane CH4 = 0.31 Moll
Moles of ethane C2H6 = 0.25 moll
Moles of propane C3H8 = 0.29 moll
Total pressure = 1.50 atm
¿
Let’s calculate the partial pressure Xi = n tot al

12
 Revision chemistry
12-06-2021

0.31
Methane: CH4= (0.31+0.25+ 0.29) =X CH4= 0.365
0.25
Ethane: C2H6= (0.31+0.25+0.29) =X C2H6 = 0.294
0.29
Propane: C3H8= (0.31+0.25+ 0.29) =X C3H8 = 0.341

Pi = Ptotal.xi Partial pressure of methane =1.50x0.365=0.55 atm

Partial pressure of ethane = 1.50x0.294 = 0.44 atm

Partial pressure of propane = 1.50x0.341 = 0.5115 atm

5.58. Given: v = 2.5 l T= 15+273= 288

Partial pressure of N2 = 0.32 atm
Partial pressure of He = 0.15 atm
Partial pressure of Ne = 0.42 atm
(A) = the total partial pressure = p (N2 + He + Ne)
The total partial pressure = (0.15+0.42+0.32) = 0.89 atm
pv 0.15 x 2.5
(B) = moll He = RT = 0.0821 x 288 = n = 0.01587 moll
pv 0.42 x 2.5
Moll Ne = RT = 0.0821 x 288 = n = 0.0444 moll

13
 Revision chemistry
12-06-2021

Total moll = (nHe+Ne) = (0.01587+0.0444) = 0.0603 moll

pv nRT nRT ( 0.0603 ) ( 0.0821 ) (273)
p
= p
V= p
= 1 atm
V=1.35 L

5.59. Given: v of N2=78.08 ⁒ v of O2= 20.94 ⁒ v of Ar = 0.93 ⁒

V of CO2= 0.05 ⁒ p = 1.00 atm
Now we can calculate moll fraction
78.08
Moll fraction of N2 = 100 = 0.7808
20.94
Moll fraction of O2 = 100 = 0.2094
0.93
Moll fraction of Ar = 100 = 0.0093
0.05
Moll fraction of CO2 = 100 = 0.0005

(A) Here we asked to calculate the partial pressure of each

Pi=XipT = moll fraction x total pressure
P N2 = 0.7808 x1 atm = 0.7808
P O2 = 0.2094 x1 atm = 0.2094
P Ar = 0.0093 x1 atm = 0.0093

14
 Revision chemistry
12-06-2021

P CO2 = 0.0005 x1 atm = 0.0005

(B) Convert temperature in to kelvin T = 0+273.15 = 273.15
p n
Molarity = RT because v = molarity
0.7808
M of N2 = 0.0821 x 273.15 = 0.0348
0.2094
M of O2 = 0.0821 x 273.15 = 0.009337
0.0093
M of Ar = 0.0821 x 273.15 = 0.000415
0.0005
M of CO2 = 0.0821 x 273.15 = 0.0000223

5.60. Given: ptotal =745 mmHg PH=368 mmHg PH2O =28.3

mmHg
P total =P1+P2+P3+………Pn

In this case: P total = PNe+PH+PH2O : P Ne = Ptotal-PH-PH2O

PNe = 745-368-28.3 =349 mmHg

Prepared by :shaahid ismail

tell :0618209999

15