Module -1

S8-EEE-ESDE
 Two important aspects of electrical systems
design are:
• To assure proper functioning of the installation
for the use intended by the designer
• To provide safety to persons, livestock and
property against dangers and damages that
may arise in the use of electrical installations.

2
 Role of Acts in Electrical system Design

Act: A legal document confiding the result of

deliberations of a committee, society or legislative body
Statutes: An Act passed by a legislative body
Rule: In context to an act, rules define the guidelines that
must be followed for the successful implementation of
the act.
An act is an official copy of a statute or regulation that is
initially presented in the form of a bill and after being
verified it is passed in the process of a legislature.
 IS codes ( Indian Standard Codes)

• Standardization in the field of electrical power

generation, transmission, distribution and utilization
equipment; and insulating materials, winding wires,
measuring and process control instruments and primary
and secondary batteries.
• Bureau of Indian Standards is the National Standards
body of India, established by BIS act 1986
• BIS represents India in ISO, IEC etc
• BIS mark (ISI mark) is mandatory for certifying products
to be sold in India like electrical appliances, switches,
electric motors, cables etc
 IS codes
 IS 732: Code of Practice for Electrical Wiring
Installations
 IS 3043:Code of practice for earthing
 IS 2026: Power Transformers
 IS 3646: Code of practice for interior
illumination
 IS 5216: Guide for safety procedures in
electrical work
 IS 732 – 1989
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR ELECTRICAL WIRING
INSTALLATIONS
Overview
• This code applies to the design, selection, erection and inspection and testing of
wiring installations whether permanent or temporary, in and about buildings,
• It relates generally to all wiring installations in non-industrial and industrial
locations, whether the derived from an external source or from a private
generating plant.
• Installations utilizing the following nominal voltage ranges are dealt with in this
code:
a)Voltages normally not exceeding 50 V ac or 120 V dc whether between
conductors or to earth.
b)Voltages normally exceeding extra-low voltage but not exceeding 1000V
AC or 1500V DC between conductors or 600V AC or 900V DC between
conductors and earth
IS 732 is applicable to the following
• Voltages normally not exceeding 50 V ac or 120 V dc whether
between conductors or to earth.
• voltages normally exceeding extra-low voltage but not exceeding 1
000 V ac or1 500 V dc between conductors or 600 V ac or 900 V dc
between conductors and earth

This code is not applicable to the following :

• Systems for distribution of energy to the public, or to power
generation and transmission for such systems
• Wiring installations in special locations such as mines or other
areas where potentially explosive atmosphere exists.
• Lightning conductors, telecommunications and alarm systems
• Traction installations, motor vehicles, installations on board ships,
aircraft or offshore installations.
 IS 732-Contents
It is divided into following 5 sections
S1. TERMINOLOGY
o Explains all terminologies used in the standard
S2. ASSESSMENT OF GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
INSTALLATIONS
o Assessment of general characteristics like purpose of wiring, supply available, maintainability
etc
o Assesses external influences like environmental factors ,construction of building etc, that
affects the installation
S3. REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION FOR SAFETY
o Requirements for Protection against electric shock
o Protection Against Thermal Effects in Normal Service
o Protection Against Overcurrent, Over voltage, Under voltage
o Precautions against earth leakage and earth fault currents
o Protection against switching and isolation for maintenance
S4. DESIGN OF INSTALLATION, SELECTION AND ERECTION OF
EQUIPMENT
o Fundamental Requirements for Design
o Fundamental Requirements for Selection of Electrical Equipment
o Fundamental Requirements for Erection and Initial Testing of Electrical Installations
S5. INSPECTION AND TESTING
 IS 3043 – 1987
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR EARTHING
• Earthing system shall be provided for:
• Equipment earthing for personal safety
• System neutral earthing
• Static earthing
• Protection against lightning
• Earthing conductor shall be adequately siz
• ed to carry the maximum earth fault current
• Earth resistance shall be less than 1 ohm.
• The number and depth to which the electrodes are driven depend upon soil condition s
and soil electrical resistivity levels.
• All medium voltage equipment shall be earthed by two separate and distinct connections
with earth.
• Main switchboards and MCCs shall be provided with an earth bar running the full length
of the board, which shall be connect ed to sub-station main earthing grid.
• Separate clean earth system for instrumentation, DCS, PLC etc shall be provided as
required.
• Lighting fixtures, receptacles. switches, conduits and junction boxes shall be properly
 IS 3043-Continued
It is divided into 11 sections

S1 GENERAL GUIDELINES
Covers terminologies used, influencing factors, system earthing, equipment earthing etc
S2 CONNECTIONS TO EARTH
Covers details of earth resistance, current density, earthing arrangements, typical schematics etc
S3 EARTH FAULT PROTECTION ON CONSUMER'S PREMISES
POWER STATIONS, SUBSTATIONS AND OVERHEAD LINES
S4 INDUSTRIAL PREMISES
STANDBY AND OTHER PRIVATE GENERATING PLANTS
S5 MEDICAL ESTABLISHMENT
STATIC AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION EARTHING
S6 MISCELLANEOUS INSTALLATIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS
Earthing of potentially hazardous areas, telecommunication circuits, mines and quarries,
S10
S7 maintenance of earth electrodes etc
MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATIONS
S11 Covers calculation of earth fault current, earth resistivity, earth electrode resistance etc
S8
DATA PROCESSING INSTALLATIONS
Earthing requirements for installations of data processing equipment
S9
 IS2026 - 2011
Power Transformers
• SCOPE
Power transformers (including autotransformers) with the exception of
certain categories of small and special transformers such as;
a) single-phase transformers with rated power less than 1 kVA and three-
phase transformers less than 5 kVA like
– instrument transformers;
– transformers for static convertors;
– traction transformers mounted on rolling stock;
– starting transformers;
– testing transformers; and
– welding transformers
• Where Indian Standards do not exist for such categories of transformers,
this part of IS 2026 may still be applicable either as a whole or in part
 IS2026 Cont..
Part 1 General
Part 2 Temperature-rise
Part 3 Insulation levels and dielectric tests
Part 4 Terminal markings, tappings and connections
Part 5 Ability to withstand short circuit
Part 7 Loading guide for oil-immersed power
transformers
Part 8 Application guide
Part 10 Determination of sound levels
 IS2026 Cont..
Sections of Part-1
1. Scope
2. References
3. Definitions
4. Rating
5. Requirements for transformers having a tapped winding
6. Connection and phase displacement symbols for three-phase
transformers
7. Rating Plates
8. Miscellaneous requirements
9. Tolerances
10.Tests for Power Transformers
11.Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
 IS 3646 - 1992
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR INTERIOR ILLUMINATION
• The lighting of working interiors, such as factories, workshops, offices,
commercial premises, public buildings, hospitals and schools, keeping two
objects in mind, namely, to make the task easy to see and to create a good
visual environment.

• Lighting is good only when it is suitable in both quality and quantity for two
purposes; for creating good environmental brightness which is at the same
time agreeable and beneficial to the user, and for permitting a high degree of
efficiency in seeing whatever is of special interest or importance.

• This standard applies to the artificial lighting of interiors; it applies also,

where appropriate to the artificial lighting of areas in the open air, where
these areas are used for the same purposes as the corresponding interior
premises.
 IS 3646 Cont..

• Part 1 - General requirements and recommendations for

working interiors
• Part 2 Method of calculation of the glare indices for interiors

• Part 3 Recommendations for lighting in industries

• Part 4 Recommendations for lighting in offices
• Part 5 Recommendations for lighting in hospitals
• Part 6 Recommendations for lighting in libraries
• Part 7 Recommendations for lighting in educational institutions
• Part 8 Emergency lighting
 IS 3646 Part 1
General requirements and recommendations for working interiors

• Contents
1. Scope
2. Terminology
3. Functions of Lighting
4. Lighting Requirements
5. Recommended Illumination (Min - Average - Max)
6. Lighting Systems
7. Lighting Maintenance Schedule and Light Loss Factor
• This schedule gives values of illumination and limiting values of glare index
commensurate with the general standards of lighting described in this code
and related to many occupations and buildings.

• Glare Index -The value of glare index for a particular lighting installation
when computed by the method given in Part I of this standard should not
exceed the limiting value recommended in this schedule

Contents
1. Scope
2. Terminology
3. Schedule for recommended values of illumination and limiting values of
glare index
 IS 5216 – 1982
RECOMMENDATIONS ON SAFETY PROCEDURES AND PRACTICES IN ELECTRICAL WORK

• General instructions regarding safety

procedures and practices to be followed in all
major electrical installations.
• Special precautions to be taken in mines and
other hazardous areas where explosive or
flammable gases are present.
– Part I General
– Part II Life saving techniques
– Part III Safety posters
– Part IV Special guidance for safety in electrical work in hazardous areas
 IS 5216 – Part 1 General
• Recommendations regarding safety procedures and practices which
should be followed to the extent applicable in all major electrical
installations, such as generating stations, sub-stations, industrial
establishments, transmission and distribution lines, and cable
networks
1. Scope
2. Statutory regulations
3. Permit-to-work system
4. Register of messages
5. Safety instructions for working on low and medium voltage mains
and apparatus
6. Safety instructions for working on high voltage mains and apparatus
7. Workmen’s safety devices and appliances
8. Safety practices
9. Training of employees
 IS 5216 (Part 1)-Continued
This code is divided into 9 sections

S1 SCOPE
This standard ( Part I ) gives recommendations regarding safety procedures and practices which should be
followed to the extent applicable in all major electrical installations, such as generating stations, sub-stations,
,
industrial establishments, transmission and distribution lines, and cable net works.
S2 STATUARY REGULATIONS
Details of statuary regulations to be followed for electrical installations
S3 PERMIT-TO-WORK SYSTEM
All work on major electrical installations shall be carried out under permit-to-work system unless
standing instructions are issued by the competent authority to follow other procedures.
S4 REGISTER OF MESSAGES
All messages and instructions relating to the operation of switches and other important communications
concerning the work shall be recorded in the register of messages, preferably by an independent person not
directly connected with the work
S5 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS FOR WORKING ON LOW & MEDIUM VOLTAGE MAINS
AND APPARATUS
S6 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS FOR WORKING ON HIGH VOLTAGE MAINS AND APPARATUS
 IS 5216 (Part 1)-Continued

S7 WORKMEN’S SAFETY DEVICES AND APPLIANCES

Rubber gauntlets, gloves, mats, boots and galoshes, insulated platforms and stools, safety belts, hand
lamps, tower wagons and other special insulated devices shall be used, as required, for working on
electrical equipment and apparatus as precaution against accidental electric shock.
S8 FIRES AND FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
In the event of fire on electrical mains or apparatus, the effected parts shall immediately be isolated
completely from its source of supply of electrical energy.
S9 TRAINING OF EMPLOYEES
For maximum effectiveness, a sound safety procedure would include, in addition to the instructions on
the hazards of electricity, thorough training of all employees who work on electrical installations and
equipments.
 IS 5216 – Part 2 Life Saving Techniques
• DO’s and DON’TS instructions to be adhered to in the case of an
accident and details of the life saving techniques in the event of all
accidents to persons, whether minor or major.
• Covers in detail the various alternative methods of inducing artificial
respiration to a victim of electric shock
1. Scope
2. Accidents
3. Treatment of electric shock
4. Artificial respiration
Appendix - DO’s and DON’TS instructions
IS 5216 (Part 2)-Recommendation on safety procedures &
practices in electrical work-Life saving techniques
This code is divided into 4 sections

S1 SCOPE
•This standard (Part II ) covers methods of dealing with electrical
accidents and techniques for saving the life of a person who is affected.
S •ACCIDENTS
2
•Guidelines regarding DO’s and DON’T’S, First aid, fire fighting, reporting
of accidents etc
S •TREATMENT OF ELECTRIC SHOCK
3
•Guidelines for treatment of electric shock and immediate actions to be
performed
S •ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION
4
•Explains various methods of artificial respiration in case of electrocution
 The Electricity act
 The electricity supply industry in our country
was governed by 4 major enactments
1. The Indian Electricity act , 1910
2. The Electricity supply act , 1948
3. The Electricity Regulatory Commission Act,
1998
4. The Electricity act -2003
 The Electricity act -2003
It is become necessary to enact new legislation with the following
objectives
1. Introducing new concepts like Power trading (long, medium and
short term power purchase), Open access (Customer purchasing
power from desired power producer anywhere in India)
2. To prevent the requirement of Each SEBs(State Electricity
Boards) to pass there own act
3. Give SEB to develop there own power sector and regulations for
state level consumers
 The Electricity act -2003
• Promoting conducive measure to development of electric
industry
• Promoting competition among suppliers
• Protecting interest of consumers
• Providing electric supply to all areas
• Providing transparent policies
• Constitution central regulatory authorities
• Establishment appellate tribunals
• For all matters connected to therewith and incidental
there to
 Section wise overview of the Act
Part I Introduction

Part III Regulations about generation of electricity in India

Part IV Licensing for Transmission and Distribution of Electricity

through grid
Part V Inter-State transmission of electricity

Part VI Distribution of electricity

Part VII Electricity Tariff

27
 Section wise overview of the Act – Cont..
Part IX Responsibilities of Central Electricity Authority
( CEA)
Part X Responsibilities of Regulatory Commissions –
Central(CERC) and State(SERC) level

Part XI Establishment of Appellate Tribunal for

solving conflicts
Part XII Investigation and Enforcement of Penalty
Part XIV Offences and Penalties for Electricity Theft

28
 National Electric Code(NEC)
Need of NEC
1. The design and practices that were following by
various agencies become irrational and the
technology advanced with new products and
process . A rational unified code become necessary .
Resulted in NEC-1985
2. Which unifies design execution and maintenance of
electrical installation in the country.
3. This is primarily to elaborate IER- in 1956. which are
statute in nature
 National Electric Code(NEC)
• Electrical installation codes play an essential role in establishing effective
electrical safety systems.
• Installation rules direct the safe use and application of products and provide
a consistent approach to electrical safety.
• Electrical codes must relate to the product standards used, certification of
products to those standards, and the mechanism used for enforcement of
the rules contained in electrical codes.
• Authorities in many countries realize that as electrical systems become more
complex, using installation codes suitable for inspection and enforcement
are one of the most effective ways to provide for public safety.
• Electrical installation codes are safety documents. They do not substitute for
good system design, but instead, they do provide the needed safety rules to
which an electrical installation must comply in order to be safe.
 NEC -2011
1. General and common aspects
2. Electrical installation in stand by generation
stations and substations
3. Non industrial buildings
4. Industrial buildings
5. Outdoor installations
6. Agricultural premises
7. Hazardous areas
8. Solar Photo Voltaic Power supply systems
Graphical
signs and
symbols
as per
NEC
 STANDARD VALUES

Standard Voltages
240V( single phase two wire system
415V( Three phase Line to Line)
3.3KV
6.6KV
11KV
22KV
Low Voltage: Not exceeding 250V
33KV Medium Voltage: Not exceeding 650V
66KV High Voltage: Not exceeding 33000V
Extra High Voltage: Exceeding 33000V
110KV
132KV
220KV
400KV
 STANDARD VALUES
•Standard DC Distribution :220/440V
•Voltage limit for AC system
As per NEC the supply authority are required to maintain
the voltages on the system under normal condition with in the
tolerance specified below
1. 6% in the case of low and medium voltage installation
2. 6% higher side and or 9% on the lower side in the case of
high voltage systems
3. 12.5% in the case of EHV systems
• The standard frequency shall be 50hz
• Tolerance value 3%
 Building services
• Classification of building services
1. Lighting & ventilation
2. Air-Conditioning
3. Lifts & escalators
These are called major building services
because the amount of electricity requirement is
considerably high
 Building services Cont..
• Minor building services ( may depend on the
occupancy) also called as functional /safety services
• Electric audio system
• Electric call bell system
• Electric Clock system
• Fire alarm system
• Closed circuit TV system
• Cable TV network
• Data networking and intercom
Kerala Electricity Supply Code 2014
• As per Indian Electricity Act, 2003: Section 50.
• The State Commission shall specify an electricity supply
code to provide for recovery of electricity charges,
intervals for billing of electricity charges, disconnection of
supply of electricity for non-payment thereof, restoration of
supply of electricity; measures for preventing tampering,
distress or damage to electrical plant, or electrical line or
meter, entry of distribution licensee or any person acting
on his behalf for disconnecting supply and removing the
meter; entry for replacing, altering or maintaining electric
lines or electrical plants or meter and such other matters
 Supply Code Cont..
• CHAPTER - 1 PRELIMINARY
• CHAPTER - 2 SYSTEM, SAFETY & STANDARDS OF SUPPLY OF EL
– The distribution licensee should develop, maintain and upgrade the
distribution system in his area of supply
(1) develop and maintain an efficient, coordinated and economical
distribution system
(2) distribution system is upgraded, extended and strengthened to meet the
demand for electricity
3) supply lines and equipment that are under its control in the premises of the
consumer, are in a safe condition and precaution to avoid danger may be taken

Frequency of supply- The licensee shall supply energy at the system frequency
of 50Hz and within the permitted band
 Supply Code Cont..
Voltage levels specification

• (a) Low Tension (LT) supply,-

– (i) Single phase 240 Volts between phase and neutral;
– (ii) Three phase 415 Volts between phases;

• (b) High Tension (HT) supply,-

– (i) Three phase 11,000 Volts (11kV) between phases;
– (ii) Three phase 22,000 volts (22 kV) between phases;
– (iii) Three phase 33,000 Volts (33kV) between phases;

• (c) Extra High Tension (EHT) supply,-

– (i) Three phase 66,000 volts (66 kV) between phases;
– (ii) Three phase 110,000 Volts (110 kV) between phases;
– (iii) Three phase 220,000 Volts (220kV) between phases;
– (iv) Three phase 400,000 Volts (400kV) between phases
Supply Code Cont..
Supply Code Cont..
 Supply Code Cont..
• CHAPTER - 3 GENERAL CONDITIONS OF SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY
• CHAPTER - 4 SECURITY DEPOSIT FOR ELECTRICITY & METER
• CHAPTER - 5 PROCEDURES AND PROCESSES
• CHAPTER – 6 METERING
• CHAPTER - 7 BILLING AND MODE OF PAYMENT
• CHAPTER - 8 DISCONNECTION, DISMANTLING AND
RECONNECTION
• CHAPTER - 9 THEFT, UNAUTHORISED USE AND OTHER
IRREGULARITIES
• CHAPTER – 10 REVIEW AND AMENDEMENT TO THE CODE
• CHAPTER - 11 GENERAL PROVISIONS
End of Module-1