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    ML 1

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    Sweta Dash
    This document provides an introduction to machine learning, including: - An overview of common machine learning algorithms like linear regression, decision trees, KNN, PCA, Bayesian learning, logistic regression, SVM, and ANN. - A definition of machine learning as a field that enables computers to learn from experience to improve their performance on tasks. - An example of an image classification problem to illustrate the machine learning process of using past labeled data for training, then applying the model to new unlabeled data for predictions.

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    ML 1

    Uploaded by

    Sweta Dash
    126 views13 pages
    This document provides an introduction to machine learning, including: - An overview of common machine learning algorithms like linear regression, decision trees, KNN, PCA, Bayesian learning, logistic regression, SVM, and ANN. - A definition of machine learning as a field that enables computers to learn from experience to improve their performance on tasks. - An example of an image classification problem to illustrate the machine learning process of using past labeled data for training, then applying the model to new unlabeled data for predictions.

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    This document provides an introduction to machine learning, including: - An overview of common machine learning algorithms like linear regression, decision trees, KNN, PCA, Bayesian learning, logistic regression, SVM, and ANN. - A definition of machine learning as a field that enables computers to learn from experience to improve their performance on tasks. - An example of an image classification problem to illustrate the machine learning process of using past labeled data for training, then applying the model to new unlabeled data for predictions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    126 views13 pages

    ML 1

    Uploaded by

    Sweta Dash
    This document provides an introduction to machine learning, including: - An overview of common machine learning algorithms like linear regression, decision trees, KNN, PCA, Bayesian learning, logistic regression, SVM, and ANN. - A definition of machine learning as a field that enables computers to learn from experience to improve their performance on tasks. - An example of an image classification problem to illustrate the machine learning process of using past labeled data for training, then applying the model to new unlabeled data for predictions.

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    You are on page 1of 13

    Introduction to Machine Learning

    Dr. Shekha Rai

    Department of Electrical Engineering


    National Institute of Technology Rourkela
    India

    1 / 13
    Syllabus

    Introduction
    Different types of learning
    Linear regression
    Decision trees
    KNN
    PCA
    Bayesian learning
    Logistic Regression
    SVM
    ANN
    Introduction to ensembles
    Bagging and Boosting
    K-means clustering
    2 / 13
    Books recommended

    Tom M Mitchell, Machine Learning, PHI , 2015

    Ethem Alpaydin, Introduction to Machine Learning, The MIT


    Press , 3rd Edition 2015

    Gareth James, Daniela Witten, Trevor Hastie, Robert Tibshirani,


    Introduction to Statistical Learning, Springer, 2013

    Richard Duda, Peter Hart, David Stork, Pattern Classification,


    John Willey

    Saikat Dutt, Subramanian Chandramouli, Amit Kumar Das,


    Machine learning, Pearson

    3 / 13
    History

    1950- Alan Turing proposes "learning machine."

    1952- Arthur Samuel first developed machine learning program


    that could play checkers.

    1957- Frank Rosenblatt designed the first neural network


    program simulating the human brain.

    1969- Nearest neighbour algorithm.

    1982- Recurrent neural network.

    1995- Suport vector machine and random forest algorithm.

    2016- Google’s alpha program has beaten professional human


    player using ML techniques.

    4 / 13
    Defination

    Enables computers to think and learn on their own.

    The machine gets trained on a training dataset, large enough to


    create a model, which helps it to take decisions based on its
    learning.

    5 / 13
    Defination

    Tom M.Mitchell has defined ML as


    A computer program is said to learn from experience ’E’ with
    respect to some class of task ’T’ and performance measure ’P’, if
    its performance at task in ’T’, as measured by ’P’, improves with
    experience ’E’.

    6 / 13
    Example

    Image classification problem:

    Past data with images having labels.

    Assigning labels to new unlabeled images.

    % of images correctly classified.

    7 / 13
    Example

    Image classification problem:

    E→ Past data with images having labels.

    T→Assigning labels to new unlabeled images.

    P→ % of images correctly classified.

    8 / 13
    Process of ML

    Figure: Process of ML

    9 / 13
    Process of ML

    1 Data i/p: Past data or information is utilized as a basis for future


    decision making.
    2 Abstraction: The input data is represented in a broader way
    through an underlying algorithm.
    This model may be of the form
    Computational block like if/else rules
    Mathematical equations
    Specific data structures like trees/graphs
    Logical grouping of similar observations.

    Choice of model to solve a specific learning problem is a human


    task which is taken on the basis of
    Type of problem to be solved- forecasting, analysis of trend,
    understanding different groups of objects.
    Nature of i/p data- data types.
    Domain of the problem- business domain etc.

    10 / 13
    Process of ML

    (2) Abstraction:
    Once the model is chosen, the next task is to fit the model based
    on the input data- training
    Input data based on which the model is finalizes- training data.
    (3) Generalization:
    Tune up the abstracted knowlege to a form which can be used for
    future decisions.
    Problems may be encountered when the model is applied to take
    decisions on a set of unknown data (test data) .
    The test data may possess certain characteristics unknown to the
    training data.

    11 / 13
    Applications of ML

    Robot control

    Design autonomous robot that learn to navigate from their own


    experience

    Healthcare

    Diagnose a disease

    i/p → Symptom: lab measurements, test results

    o/p → One of the set of possible diseases

    Financial

    Predict if a stock will rise or decline

    12 / 13
    Thank You

    13 / 13

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