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    Geochemical Cycles

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    javicol70
    This document provides an overview of geochemical cycles and element mobility. It begins with an introduction to geochemical cycling, including the initial crystallization of magma and progression through alteration, weathering, transportation, deposition and metamorphism. Elements have varying mobilities controlled by physical, chemical and biological factors. Igneous rocks can be characterized by their chemistries as ultramafic, mafic, intermediate or felsic. Elements associate based on similar mobilities and can indicate patterns related to ore deposits. Dispersion occurs through mechanical and chemical processes, forming primary patterns like geochemical provinces or secondary patterns like halos, fans or trains near deposits.

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    Geochemical Cycles

    Uploaded by

    javicol70
    32 views16 pages
    This document provides an overview of geochemical cycles and element mobility. It begins with an introduction to geochemical cycling, including the initial crystallization of magma and progression through alteration, weathering, transportation, deposition and metamorphism. Elements have varying mobilities controlled by physical, chemical and biological factors. Igneous rocks can be characterized by their chemistries as ultramafic, mafic, intermediate or felsic. Elements associate based on similar mobilities and can indicate patterns related to ore deposits. Dispersion occurs through mechanical and chemical processes, forming primary patterns like geochemical provinces or secondary patterns like halos, fans or trains near deposits.

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    Geochemical cycles

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    This document provides an overview of geochemical cycles and element mobility. It begins with an introduction to geochemical cycling, including the initial crystallization of magma and progression through alteration, weathering, transportation, deposition and metamorphism. Elements have varying mobilities controlled by physical, chemical and biological factors. Igneous rocks can be characterized by their chemistries as ultramafic, mafic, intermediate or felsic. Elements associate based on similar mobilities and can indicate patterns related to ore deposits. Dispersion occurs through mechanical and chemical processes, forming primary patterns like geochemical provinces or secondary patterns like halos, fans or trains near deposits.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    32 views16 pages

    Geochemical Cycles

    Uploaded by

    javicol70
    This document provides an overview of geochemical cycles and element mobility. It begins with an introduction to geochemical cycling, including the initial crystallization of magma and progression through alteration, weathering, transportation, deposition and metamorphism. Elements have varying mobilities controlled by physical, chemical and biological factors. Igneous rocks can be characterized by their chemistries as ultramafic, mafic, intermediate or felsic. Elements associate based on similar mobilities and can indicate patterns related to ore deposits. Dispersion occurs through mechanical and chemical processes, forming primary patterns like geochemical provinces or secondary patterns like halos, fans or trains near deposits.

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    Disclaimer:

    This presentation is a part of the


    assignment for MSc III Semester
    Mineral Exploration theory paper.
    This is an attempt to enable the
    students to collect and review the
    literature, prepare powerpoint
    presentation and present the work,
    independently. The data and
    literature used here has been taken
    from various sources, and duly
    acknowledged. This can help as a
    guideline, and should not be
    treated as final.
    October 2016
     CONTENTS:-
    1.-Introduction
    2. Mobility of elements
    3.The geological cycle
    4.Chemistry of igneous rocks
    5.Association of elements
    6.Dispersion and patterns.
     INRODUCTION -
     In the lithosphere the geochemical cycle begins
    with the
     initial crystallization of magma
     Which proceed through the alteration
     weathering of the igneous rock
     the transportation and deposition of materials
     Thus produced and continuous through diagenesis and
    lithification to metamorphism of successively higher
    grade until eventually, by anatexis and palingenesis,
    magma is regenerated.
     It receives “primary” magma from below
    bringing energy with in it in the form of heat.
     The surface recieves energy from outside of
    the earth in the form of solar radiation.
     The geochemical cycle provides a useful
    concept as a basis for that descussion of many
    aspects of geochemistry.
     Mobility of elements
     Mobility of elements is of much importance in
    geochemical prospecting:-
     It determines the nature of the dispersion patterns.
     Mobility controlled by many physical chemical and
    biological factors.
     The material carried by water the most mobile.it is
    controlled by pH.
     The mobility of elements may be quite different from
    those characteristic of normal environments.
    Chemistry of Igneous Rocks
     Characterization of different types (having different
    chemistries):
     Ultramafic  Mafic  Intermediate  Felsic

     Composition commonly presented in weight % of the


    oxides
     40-78% SiO2
     12-18% Al2O3
    ASSOCIATION OF ELEMENTS
    Elements having similar relative mobility
    tend to occur together.
    Geochemical associations have led to the
    concept of path finder elements
    Path finder are as follows :-
     1. as content of wall rock,soil &sediment for
    vein Au ore.
     2. Hg content of wall rock and soil for
    complex Pb-Zn-Ag ores.
     3. Se content of gossan and soil for sulphides
     4. Ag content of soil for Ag-bearing Au ore.
     5.SO4 content of water for sulphide
    deposits.
    DISPERSION AND DISPERSION PATTERNS:-
    PATTERNS
     The interaction of mechnical and chemical process causes
    dispersion of elements.

     Mechnical agencies alone cause dispersion of elements through


    movement of material processes like glacial action.

     In chemical action, on the other elements get shorted and


    dispersed depending on their mobility.

     Dispersion may be either primary or secondary.


     Primary dispersion takes place in an environment of high
    pressure & high temperature in deep seated rocks.

     Secondary dispersion takes place near the surface at low pressure


    & low temperature conditions.
    DISPERSION PATTERNS:-
    PATTERNS:-
     Elements are distributed in a systematic way forming
    different pattern which are known as dispersion pattern.
     Three types of primary dispersion pattern are as
    follows:-
    1)Geochemical province
    2) dispersion and aqueous fluids
    3) Gaseous dispersion

    Secondary dispersion pattern can be classified as :-


    1)Halos,
    2)fans
    3)trains,
    according to their characteristic shape and
    relationship to the ore deposit .
    THANKING
    YOU

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