Lecciones 1-26

CLASES DE INGLES
Curso BASICO / ELEMENTAL

Lecciones de GRAMATICA curso Básico-Elemental
 Lección 1: fundamentos de la estructura básica del ingles.
 Lección 2: El present simple con el verbo “to be”
 Lección 3: “Question verbs with the verb “to be” (present simple)
 Lección 4: Demonstrative pronouns/adjectives, articles a/an and plural nouns
Lección 1 GRAMATICA
Cuando tenemos una oración es bueno saber su estructura para poder entendernos mejor durante el
proceso de aprendizaje.
Hablaremos de :
- Nouns / Subjects / adjectives / verbs / adverbs / complement / modifiers
Nouns : (sustantivos)
Names a person, place, thing or idea (Nombra a una persona, lugar, cosa, o idea)
Examples: John, love, world, picture, Madrid
Subject: (Sujeto)
It is the person, place, thing or idea (a noun) that does the action of a sentence and it goes before the
verb. (Es el sustantivo que realiza la accion de la oracion)
Examples of Subjects:
- George likes boats (George and boats are nouns but George is the subject)
- The weather was horrible yesterday.
- The bank closed early.
Verb (verbo)
It shows the action of the subject. Every sentence must have a verb. (Hace la acción del sujeto y toda
oracion necesita de un verbo)
Examples:
- My wife went to France.
- We have studied English all night.
- I am writing a letter.
- She works for IBM company.
 Adjective (adjetivo): Describes a noun (califica a un sustantivo) - Examples : Blue house , old man,
interesting book, pretty woman etc…
 Adverb (adverbio): Describes the verb or adjective. (califica al verbo o adjetivo) – Examples: He
walks slowly / He studies quietly (muchas veces acaba en -ly)
Complement:
It completes the verb and it is usually a noun or noun phrase. Every sentence does not require a
complement. The complement answers the question what? or whom? (Es el complemento del verbo y
no es requerido tenerlo en toda oración).
 Modifiers: Tells about the time, place or manner of the action. (Hable del tiempo, lugar y manera de
accion del verbo)
Subject Verb Complement Modifier

John and I ate a pizza last week
We studied english last night
Lección 2 GRAMATICA (…)
Lección 2 (Curso Básico)
Today we will talk about PRONOUNS and the verb (to be). It is important to understand perfectly these
topics because it will help us in the future to understand other more complex structures.
A continuación la clase:Pronouns :
Singular: I , You, He, She It
Plural: We you they
Verb to be (in the present form): am/is/are
Table # 1 (Positive form) Pronouns with the verb to be (am/is/are) and its Contractions
Verb
“Subject” Contraction
Pronouns (To be)
1St I am I’m
2nd you are you’re
3rd He/She/It Is he’s / she’s / it’s
PLURAL
1st We are we’re
2nd You you’ re
3rd They they’re
Table 2 : (Negative form) Pronouns with the verb to be (am/is/are) and its Contractions
Verb
“Subject” Contraction
Pronouns (To be)
1St I am + not I’m not
2nd you are + not you’re not / you aren’t

he’s / she’s / it’s + not
3rd He/She/It is + not
or
he/she/it + isn’t
PLURAL
1st We Are +not we’re not / we aren’t
2nd You you’ re not / you aren’t
3rd They they’re not / they aren’t
Table # 3 (Questions)
Complement
Verb (to Subject
be) Pronoun (optional)
1St Am I a good student?
2nd Are you married?
3rd Is he/she/it your friend?
PLURAL
1st Are we ready?
2nd you at home
3rd they tired?
Table 4: Short answers (Yes and no answers)
Positive Negative
1St Yes, I am No. I’m not
2nd Yes, you are No, you aren’t

No, he isn’t / No, he’s not
3rd Yes, he is
No, she isn’t / No, she’s not
No, it isn’t/ No, it’s not
PLURAL
1st Yes, we are No, we’re not / No, we aren’t
2nd Yes, you are No, you’re not / No, you aren’t
3rd Yes, they are No, they’re not / No, they aren’t
Observaciones:
 Recuerden que en ingles siempre deben poner el Sujeto. En una oración positiva o negativa deberán
seguir la formula (SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT) en donde el complement es opcional.
Ejemplo :
- Es bonita
- Is pretty (INCORRECTO) –> No hay sujeto y en el ingles es necesario
- She is pretty (Correcto)
 No se enamoren del verbo to be. Solo quiere decir ser o estar. Algunos creen que siempre lo deben
poner pero depende de que acción haga el sujeto.
Ejemplo
- Juega futbol.
- He is play futbol (ERROR) –> el sujeto no hace 2 acciones a la vez.
- He plays football (CORRECTO)
Es decir, el sujeto puede hacer distintas acciones y el verbo to be solo es para expresar acciones de ser o estar.
En otras lecciones aprenderemos como hacer oraciones con otros verbos
Algunos ejercicios de Grammar in Use Basic

Respuestas (Thanks to Dinorín from México)
*Ejercicios de Basic Grammar in Use. Copyright Cambridge University Press
LECCION 3: Verb to be with question words:

In this class we will talk about question words and how we can use them with the verb to be in the present
tense.
En esta clase vamos a hablar de los “questions words” y de como podemos usarlos correctamente con los
verbos “to be”
Question words are those words that may go in the beginning of a question. When we use question words we
do not use a yes or no answer.
Los “questions words” son las palabras específicas que se deben colocar al inicio de la frase pregunta en
inglés. Cuando se utilizan estos no se responde con las respuestas cortas si o no (Yes, I am por ejemplo) Se
responde con una oración completa ( S+V+C).
Ejemplo :
What’s your name?
I’m David Taylor. (The answer is a sentence)
With no question word:
Are you Maria?

No, I’m not (The answer is a yes/no because there isn’t a question word)
Question words are used to gather specific information. The following table shows the meaning of the
question words in Spanish.
Table # 1 Question words (verb to be practice)
English Spanish
Where Donde
Why Por que
Who Quien
What / (time) Que / Cual (a que
hora)
Which Que / Cual
How long Por cuanto tiempo /
para medidas
How often Con que frecuencia
Whose De quien
How many/much Cuantos
How old Edad
How Como
How + adjetivo Descripciones
How come Como asi
Table # 2 (Question structure of the verb to be in the present simple with QW’s)
Question Word Verb (to be) Subject Complement

What is (your) name? [no complement]
How old are you? [no complement]
Where is Juan from?
Who is (the) present for?
Remember:
In questions with the verb to be, only the question words can go in the beginning. Nothing may go in front of
the question words in full questions.
¿ De donde eres? -> Lo lógico seria : From where are you? (INCORRECTO)
Recuerden que si algo va en su idioma antes del QW entonces lo mandamos al final en el complemento.
Correcto: Where are you from? (QW goes first)
Typical questions with the above properties:

What is this for? (¿Para que es esto?)
Who are the books for ? (¿Para quien son los libros?)
What is the movie about? (¿De que se trata la película?)
Preguntas importantes con sus respuestas para aprender:
Where are you from? – I’m from Australia

What’s (what + is) your address? – It’s 876 Snow Road.
What’s your nationality? – I’m Peruvian.
Whose pencil is this? – It is my pencil (Whose = de quien y va antes del sustantivo)
How old is Marcus? – He’s twenty years old.
Why are you sad? – Because I am sick.
How are you? – I’m fine, thank you.
Ejercicios Gracias a Basic Grammar in use:

Lección 4 Demonstrative pronouns/adjectives, articles a/an and
plural nouns
En esta clase hablaremos de los Demonstratives (This, that, these y those) y como estos pueden ser adjetivos
o pronombres. También hablaremos de el articulo a/an y de como formar plurales en cuanto a los sustantivos.
1) Demonstrative pronouns/adjectives:
Singular Plural Distance

This These Close to the
speaker
That Those Far from the
speaker
 Demonstrative Pronouns: substitute nouns that are understood in context and indicate if they are
replacing singular or plural nouns and give the location of the object.
Examples:
What’s that? (that se refiere a algo en singular y que se encuentra alejado de la persona)
- That is a book. (That es el sujeto pues va antes del verbo to be)
En estos casos son Demonstrative Pronouns pues renombran a un sustantivo (noun)
 Demonstrative Adjectives: these describe nouns and there position. In this case, you need to put a
noun after the demonstrative adjectives.
Examples:
Whose is this umbrella? (el sustantivo es “umbrella” y “this” esta describiendo la localización)
- That umbrella is Juan’s. (De igual forma “that” describa la localizacion de el paragua pero umbrella es el
sujeto y sustantivo)
En ingles es mas simple que en español asi que recomiendo aprender la estructura sin necesidad de traducir
pues en espanol hay mas reglas.
2) Article (a/an)
Como vemos a/an se utiliza para decir “un” pero “a” va antes de consonantes y “an” antes de vocales o
sonidos de vocales. (En pre-intermedio veremos las reglas de cuando usar “a/an”)
Ejemplos
What’s that? – This is my book ——– What are those? – These are cookies.
What’s this? – That’s your pen ——– What are these? – Those are guitars.
What’s that? – It’s a book. ———— What are those? – They are computers.
* Tambien se puede usar para personas:

Who’s that? — That’s Joe.
Who are those? — They are my friends (Those are my friends)
Ejercicios:
3) How to make plural nouns (como formar la forma plural de los sustantivos)
Es cuestion de practicar y de seguir las reglas. En cuanto a las formas irregulares, se les llama asi pues no hay
regla para formar el plural.
Ejercicios / Exercises
*Ejercicios y figuras de Basic Grammar in Use. Copyright Cambridge University Press
  Lección 5: Possessive nouns and possessive adjectives

 Lección 6: There is & There are (verbo haber en presente “hay”)
 Lección 7: Dar Ordenes, instrucciones y peticiones. IMPERATIVE FORM
 Lección 8: The Present Continuous tense
 Lección 9: Prepositions of place (on, in, at)
 Lección 10a: The simple present tense with other verbs (con los verbos que no son ser/estar)
 Lección 10b: Simple present tense negative and question form (not with verb to be)
 Lección 11: Prepositions of place (preposiciones de lugar)
 Lección 12: Object Pronouns (Me, You, Him, Her, Us, You, Them)
 Lección 13: Adverbs of frequency – adverbios de frecuencia
 Lección 14: Modal verbs Can and Could to express ability
 Lección 15: Past Simple (con el verbo to be) WAS/WERE
 Lección 16a: Past Simple (con verbos NO to be) FORMA POSITIVA
 Lección 16b: Past Simple (con verbos NO to be) FORMANEGATIVA y PREGUNTAS
 Lección 17: Futuro con “GOING TO”
 Lección 18: VERB: Like – Expresar Preferencias : VERBO GUSTAR
 Lección 19: Como ofrecer algo en INGLES – would like to AND want
 Como pensar en INGLES – ARTICULO 5
 Lección 20: Possessive pronouns (mine, yours, his, hers, its, yours, ours, theirs)
 Lección 21: The comparative form ADJECTIVES – la forma comparative ADJETIVOS
 Lección 22: Lista de preposiciones mas comunes en INGLES
 Lección 23: Superlative Form – Modo superlativos de los adjetivos
 Lección 24: Countable and Uncountable nouns – Sustantivos contables y no contables
 Lección 25: Prepositions of time and place
 Lección 26: The PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (“Indefinite time in the past – Experiences” “ever”)
Lección 5 GRAMATICA Possessive forms: Possessive nouns and

possessive adjectives
En esta clase vamos a discutir acerca de la forma possesiva de los sustantivos y a como usar correctamente
los “possessive adjectives”
I) POSSESSIVE NOUNS
In this class we will discuss about how to form the possessive form for nouns and how to use the possessive
adjectives correctly.
To form the possessive for a noun we must add to the noun an apostrophe (‘) and then the letter “s”.
Examples of regular nouns:
The boy’s name. (El nombre del chico) —- The boys’ toys. (los juguetes de los chicos)
The girl’s pen. (el lapicero de la chica) —-The girls’ pen. (el lapicero de las chicas)
Example of irregular nouns:
The man’s car is in the garage. (el carro del hombre esta en el garaje) —– The men’s cars are in the garage.
( los carros de los hombre estan en el garaje)
* Como ven, en los sustantivos regulares tienen que saber donde poner el “apostrophe” (‘) para dejar el claro
si es possesión de singular y plural –> boy’s (singular) boys’ (plural).
En los irregulares es mas simple por que simplemente se agrega el “apostrophe” mas la letra “s”.
—> man’s (singular) men’s (plural) , child’s children’s …etc.
 FIGURA # 1
Possessive nouns with names:
With names we add the apostrophe plus the letter “s” before the noun or nouns that we want to show
possession.
Examples:
Juan’s brother is sick. (El hermano de Juan esta enfermo)
Miguel’s house is very far. (La casa de Miguel esta muy lejos)
Carlos’ girlfriend is at the party. (La novia de Carlos esta en una fiesta)
* Noten que con nombres que acaben con “s” no se le agrega otra “s” sino simplemente el
“apostrophe” (‘).
OBSERVATIONS:
We normally use (’s) for people.
- I went (fui) to my brother’s house. (NOT the house of my brother)
- This is my mom’s sister.
We use of for things, places etc…

- What is the name of the movie.
- Lima is the capital of Peru.
________________________________________________________________
II) POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
 Figura # 2
We can use the possessive adjectives BEFORE the nouns to show possession.
—> This is my BOOK. That’s her pencil. (Possessive adjectives need to be followed by a noun)
* En conclusión podemos utilizar los possessive nouns o los possesseive pronouns pero estos tienen que ser seguidos por un
sustantivo. Los possessive pronouns son usados para especificar. En cambio, los possessive adjectives son usados cuando
ya se sabe de quien estamos hablando.
 Figura # 3
* FIGURAS Y EJERCICIOS DE GRAMMAR IN USE (Cambridge) Grammar practice (LONGMAN)
Lección 6 There is and there are, to describe that something or someone

exists
In this lesson we will talk about there + the verb to be in the present simple. (Vamos a hablar del verbo haber
en el presente indicativo)
Structure and Use (there is/are)
There are and there is are forms used to express “existence of”. The structure is:
There + verb to be (is for SINGULAR nouns ; are for PLURAL nouns)
Examples:
- There is a guitar in my room. (A guitar “exists” in my room)
- There are two chairs in my room. (Two chairs “exist” in my room)
The following chart is the forms of “there is/are” in positive (+), negative (-), and questions (?)
Singular Plural
(+) There is a {chair, There are [some] {chairs,
book, man} books, men}
(-) There isn’t a {laptop, There aren’t [any] {laptops,
bathroom} bathrooms}
(?) Is there a {problem, Are there [any] {problems,
shirt} shirts}
NOTES:
This table is only for COUNTABLE NOUNS. In the future we will talk about uncountable nouns. For this
level when you use “there is” use the article “a”. In the plural “there are” you can use “some” for positive and
“any” for negative and questions (some/any) is optional.
Nota: Estas reglas son para los sustantivos contables (aquellos que se pueden contar o poner en
singular y plural). Por ejemplo “chair” es contable porque uno puede decir “chairs”. Un ejemplo de no
contable es “water” o “rice”.
Some more examples:
FIGURA # 1
Problems with “there is/are”
- Be careful when you translate from Spanish into English. Remember, follow the Structure in English.
Problemas con “there is/are”
Esta es una de las primeras veces en que vemos que tenemos que tener cuidado en traducir ya que las
estructuras del Español u otro idioma pueden ser distintas. En este caso SIGUAN LA ESTRUCTURA DE
INGLES.
Un ejemplo:
Como se dice: ¿Hay algún restaurante cerca de aquí?
ERROR: Is there any restaurant near here?
Es un error pues restaurant es singular pero any va con plural.
Correct:
-Is there a restaurant near here?
- Are there any restaurants near here?
El problema es que ustedes quieren decir algún pero en ingles algún o algunos es “some/any” pero se usa solo
en PLURAL. Así que por favor cuando traduzcan háganlo pero siempre teniendo en cuenta la estructura
correcta. ESTO ES, EMPECEMOS A PENSAR EN INGLES. No es necesario traducir aunque es
inevitable pero es un paso que se da después de saber y respetar las estructuras de el Ingles.
Exercise/ Ejercicios de “there is y there are”

Completar: Recuerden “There is (a) -> singular, There are -> Plural (se puede usar some/any)
Observaciones:
 Respuestas cortas
Is there a TV in your room?

(+) Yes, there is .(-) No, there isn’t.
Are there (any) books?

(+) Yes, there are. (-) No, there aren’t.
 There también es usado para decir “allí”.
Ejemplo : My brother is (over) there. (Mi hermano esta allí) – Over es opcional. En este post solo estamos
estudiando el there + to be pero recuerden que tiene otros significados.
Lección 7 Dar ordenes e insturcciones en Ingles, Giving commands and

orders with the Imperative form
Curso de ingles gratis con audio Grammar LESSON 7( LECCION7 GRAMATICA) – Basic Level : The
Imperative pattern (form)
In this lesson we will talk about how to give commands and orders and to use “please” with the imperative.
The Imperative pattern

It is used to give instructions, commands and orders. It is a very simple structure because we do not need to
use the subject. The sentence is started with the verb or verb phrase and “don’t” is used for the negative form.
Positive form:
Verb: Example: (to write / to ask / to read / to bring / to take / to give / to be)
(+) Write your name on the sheet. {There isn’t any subject because it is an order)
(+) Read chapter 5 for tomorrow.
(+) Be quiet!
Negative form:
To use the negative form add the word “don’t” before the infinitive without to
(-) Don’t write on the table.

(-) Don’t read that book.
(-) Don’t bring food to the class.
Example: (figure # 1)
NOTE:
* We can use the word “please” to make a request or petition. We put it at the beginning or end of the
imperative sentence (positive or negative).
Use a comma if “please” is at the end of a request. Don’t use a comma if “please” is at the beginning of a
request.
Examples:
(+) Please be quiet.
(-) Don’t make noise, please.
(+) Bring me my sweater, please.
Apuntes del Profesor:
Como vemos, es una estructura simple pero es una buena forma de empezar a ver otros verbos además del
verbo to be. Recuerden de que tienen que empezar a pensar en ingles así que cuando requieren dar una orden,
instrucción o petición (con “please”) pueden utilizar la forma imperativa afirmativa o negativa. Si no saben el
verbo basta con buscarlo en el diccionario y simplemente ponen la forma infinitiva sin el “to” antes.
Ejemplo:
No saben como decir “No saltes” Vas al diccionario y buscas y encuentras que saltar viene del infinitivo “to
jump”. Por ende se dice “Don’t jump“
Practice with the verbs and pictures (Figure # 2)
EXERCISES:
Complete the sentences using the imperatives (positive or negative). Look at the pictures for help.
Lección 8 Present continuous – progressive tense Uso y estructura, to be
+ -ing: el gerundio
In this lesson we will cover the present continuous tense (the use and structure). Recuerden de votar por
InglesTotal AQUI (bajo EDUCACION)
The Present Continuous or present progressive tense

 Structure: S + verb to be (AM/IS/ARE) + -ing form of a verb+ Complement.
 Use: To describe actions that are happening at the moment (NOW).
La estructura consta del uso del verbo mas el gerundio. se usa para describir acciones que suceden en
el momento. Se usa para explicar lo que uno esta haciendo ahora.
I) The positive form of the present continuous.
- Remember to use the Subject (this can be a subject pronoun or a noun -LESSON 1 Click AQUI) plus (+)
the verb to be in the present tense (am/is/are) and complement (optional).
The following is the table of the positive form of the present continuous / progressive.
Table #1 ositive Form
Common mistakes:
- Students forget to use the verb to be
Example:
a) My father working (INCORRECT) —> My father IS working. (Correct)
- Sometimes students do not use the -ing form.
b) Robert is play with my sister (INCORRECT) —> Robert is playING with my sister. (CORRECT)
Recuerden de no omitir el sujeto. En español “Esta comiendo” esta usando un sujeto tácito. En ingles
siempre debemos decir quien hace la acción (salvo en el imperativo) Entonces en “esta comiendo” el
sujeto puede ser el, ella, o ello. En ingles seria “He/she /it is eating” dependiendo del contexto.
II) The negative form of the present continuous
The negative form is used by adding “not” after the verb to be in the present tense form. You may use
contractions.
Table # 2:The negative form.

Common mistakes:
-Some students place the negative first. REMEMBER TO USE THE S+V+C !!!
a) Not working my father (INCORRECT) —> My father isn’t (is + not) working (CORRECT)
- Students use the don’t/doesn’t to do the negative:
b) She doesn’t playing (INCORRECT) —> She isn’t playing (CORRECT)
III) The question form of the present continuous.
We have to put the verb to be + the subject + -ing form + the complement.
Are you watching TV?
Remember that we can use the Question words before the structure:
Examples:
- What are you doing? Answer: I am studying English with my virtual teacher.
- Where is Pedro going? Answer: He is going to the shopping mall.
Table # 3: Question form

Common mistakes:
- Students do not change the order of the verb to be with the subject:
a) He is working? (INCORRECT) —> Is he working? (CORRECT)
- Students use do or does in questions:
b) Do you studying? (INCORRECT) —> Are you studying? (CORRECT)
IV) Let’s practice ! (Ejercicios de practica)
V) Exercises (ejercicos) – TAREA – HOMEWORK:

Lección 9 Prepositions of place on in at, Preposiciones de lugar en ingles
(on in at)
En esta lección veremos como utilizar la preposición “en” (on, in, at) en el idioma ingles. Recuerden de
participar con sus comentarios, email o manden un archivo mp3.
Preposition of place (at, on, in)
Part 1: Uses of at, in, and on
 In: We use in to specify that a noun (object, person etc) is inside.
Figura #1:
Examples:
- Where is your father? He’s in the kitchen.
- Who is in the room?
- Brian was swimming in the ocean.
- Bogota is in Colombia.
* “IN” es usado para decir y explicar que un objeto, animal o persona se encuentra dentro de un lugar, objeto
o sitio.
 At: We use at to refer to a “general” location.
Figura # 2
Examples:
- Maria is at the window talking on the phone.
- Juan is at the table with his girlfriend.
- Please read the paragraph at the top of the page.
- The restaurant is at the end of German Avenue.

*AT: es usado para explicar que un objeto animal o persona se encuentra en el sitio de forma general. Es
decir, si uno quiere decir: “Mi padre esta en la puerta” uno no puede utilizar “in” puesto que “in” es usado
para decir que algo se encuentra dentro de otro y una persona no puede estar dentro de una puerta. Es por eso
que en estos casos uno habla de forma general. Por ende seria de la forma siguiente: “My father is at the
door”.
 On: We use on when we want to say that an object or person is on the surface
of another object.
Figura #3:
Examples:
- Your books are on the shelf.
- Don’t put your hands on my head.
- There is an orange on the table.
We always say : on a horse, on a bike (bicycle) , on a motorcycle and we usually say on a plane.
*ON:Es usado para explicar que un objeto esta sobre la superficie de otro.
Lets Practice !!! (Part 1)
Figura 4:
Part 2 – rules to use (at, in, on)

- Reglas para usar (at, in, on). En los siguientes cuadros vemos frases comunes que van con at, in y on.
Let’s Practice !!! Figure 5:
Homework – Tarea
Parte 1: Uso de (in on at) – Write the correct preposition (on in at)
Parte 2: Reglas (in on at) – Write the correct preposition (on in at)
Lección 10 Simple present positive form – La forma positiva de el

presente simple en ingles
Welcome to lesson 10a (1st of two parts) where we will talk about the present simple tense with other verbs
that are not the verb to be. We are going to look at the structure and the use of the simple present tense.The
present simple tense (with verbs that are not TO BE)
 Structure / form:
The forms (or conjugations) of the present simple tense are two. Remember that with the verb to be there are
three forms (am, is, are). To form the present simple conjugations we first need to have the verb. In this
example we will use the verb to play.
Verb to play
One conjugation is formed by eliminating the “to” — > play
The other conjugation is formed by adding “s” or “es”. —>plays
So you can now form the conjugations of any verb in the present simple!
- to work: work / works
- to study: study / studies
- to watch : watch / watches
- to bring : bring / brings
- to get : get / gets
- to dance: dance / dances
Note : With the verb to have the conjugations are —> have / has (NOT haves)
Now we learned to conjugate and form the verbs. Let’s learn what pronouns go with the correct form.
He / she / it ————> with the “s” form (plays)

I / you / we / you / they ———-> normal form without the “to” (play)
*Como vemos, en el present simple existen solo dos conjugaciones con los verbos que no son “to be” (con
los to be son tres conjugaciones : am, is, are). Estas dos conjugaciones son formadas muy fácilmente. Una es
formada con solo quitarl
e el “to” (play) y la otra forma es agregándole la letra “s” o “es”. Cuando comparamos con el español vemos
que esto es mas sencillo puesto que con el verbo jugar las conjugaciones son: juego, ju
egas, juega, jugamos, jugáis, y juegan. Entonces si hablan el español el ingles véanlo como algo mas simple y
sencillo.
Figure #1: The positive form of the simple present tense
 Use (uso del presente simple)

Now that we know the structure/form it is IMPORTANT to understand when we use the simple present. This
will help us talk and participate in conversations. Without knowing the use, we will have problems
expressing ourselves.
We use present simple in the following situations:
- To express habits and routines.

Juan plays football on Saturday.
I go to work everyday at 8:00 am.
- General, mathematical and scientific truths:

English people drink a lot of tea
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
NOTE: THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE IS NOT USED TO DESCRIBE SITUATIONS THAT ARE
HAPPENNING AT THE MOMENT (NOW)
**La forma y estructura es importante pero es indispensable saber el uso. Es decir, tenemos que entender
cuando y en que situaciones utilizamos el simple present tense. Estas es la única forma de empezar a pensar
en ingles. Cuantas veces me encuentro con alumnos que saben rellenar un examen pero no saben hablar. Esto
es porque no prestan atención al uso. El uso les permitirá usar el tiempo correcto en la situación correcta y les
ayudara a tener conversaciones fluidas. Olvídense de traducciones antes de hablar ingles. Esto les traerá
problemas y les hará hablar lento. Simplemente piensen y practiquen el uso de los tiempos.
Como vemos usamos el tiempo present simple cuando queremos expresar, rutinas, hábitos, y verdades
generales, matemáticas científicas. NO SE UTILIZA EL PRESENT SIMPLE PARA EXPRESAR UNA
ACCION QUE ESTA SUCEDIENDO EN EL MOMENTO:
Figure #1: The positive form of the simple present tense
Common errors:
Remember that when we use “other verbs” we DO NOT use the verb to be:
- I’m have two sisters (INCORRECT) — I have two sisters (Correct)
- She is plays in the park (INCORRECT) —– She plays in the park (Correct)
*Recuerden de no usar el verbo to be cuando quieran expresar otra acción. “I” va con “am” solo cuando
ustedes quieran decir estoy o soy. SI quieren decir: Yo juego, no es posible decir “I am play” puesto que
están diciendo que yo soy/estoy jugar.
Figure # 2: Let’s practice

Figure # 3 (Look at the pictures and practice)
HOMEWORK
Lección 10 B The Present Simple, forma negativa y preguntas

interrogativa- Question and negative form
Este es la segunda parte de la lección 10 que es llamada lección 10b. En la primera lección (10a) vimos la
forma positiva de los verbos que no son “to be” y aprendimos como conjugarlos. Ahora veremos y
estudiaremos juntos la forma negativa y de pregunta.
The Simple Present tense
Negative form
The structure of the negative structure is formed by adding the auxiliaries do or does plus the negation not
Do + not —> don’t

Does + not —> doesn’t
These auxiliaries are used TO HELP you. When you use the auxiliary the verb is always in its simple.
Remember:
In positive we had 2 conjugations for every verb (not to be)
- play/plays , work/works, study/studies, watch/watches, etc…
The conjugation is simple: HE / SHE / IT —- with the “s” form and I / WE / YOU / THEY —- simple form
Examples:
My brother works for IBM.
My parents live in Paris.
IN THE NEGATIVE FORM THE AUXILIARY CHANGES FORM AND NOT THE VERB.
He / she / it + doesn’t + verb (simple form)

I / We / You / They + don’t + verb (simple form)
Figura #1:
Let’s Practice
Nota del profesor:Como vemos, lo que se conjuga en la forma negativa es el auxiliar y no el verbo. Es decir,
uno va elejir entre don’t y el doesn’t pero el verbo SIEMPRE estara en su forma simple (sin la terminación
“s”)
Question form
The question structure is formed by following the following structure
Question word + [do / does + SUBJECT + Verb (simple form)] + Complement
We use the auxiliaries do and does in the question form and they have to agree with the subject
The conjugation is the following:
Does —–> he/she/it
Do ———-> I/we/you/they
The verb ALWAYS stays in the simple form (not with the “s” form)
Short Answers
Las respuestas cortas son con los auxiliares do y does con la forma positiva y don´t y doesn’t con la forma
negativa. La respuesta corta se refiere a cuando responde solo si o no.
Do you study English for free in InglesTotal? ———-> Yes, I do
Yes, (I, you, we, you, they) do. ———— No, ( (I, you, we, you, they) don’t.
Yes, (he,she,it does)————————- No, (he,she,it )doesn’t
Figura #2
Figura #3
Let’s Practice
Conclusion:
The auxiliaries appear in the negative and question form with the verbs that are not to be.
Example:
(+) Juan plays soccer.
(-) He doesn’t play soccer.
(?) Does he play soccer?
*VERB TO BE (NO AUXILIARIES!!!)

(+) She is a teacher
(-) She isn’t a teacher.
(?) Is she a teacher?
Nota: Recuerden que cuando usen el verbo to be (es decir cualquier conjugacion de ser o estar en el presente)
no se usan los auxiliares puesto que estos se usan solo con los demas verbos y en negativo y en pregunta)
Tarea / Homework
I) Cambie las oraciones de formpositiva a forma negativa
II) Escriba la forma de pregintas de las siguientes oraciones
III) Llene los vacios con la forma correcta de los auxiliares.
Lección 11 Prepositions of place Preposiciones de lugar

Welcome !!! In this lesson (lección 11)we will talk about more prepositions of place. Remember that we
studied the prepositions of place in lesson “” Propositions of place
Clase muy sencilla pues veremos algunas prepociciones de lugar. Estudiaremos los siguientes next to,
between, in front of, behind (in back of), across from, by (beside), under, below and above)
FIGURA # 1
Examples:
- Adam is next to Bob

- Bob is between Don and Adam,
-Don is in front of Bob and Carla
- Carla is behind (in back of) Don
Figura # 2
Examples:
Anne is across from (opposite) Christa
FIGURA # 3
Example:
- The man is by (next to) the window
FIGURE # 4
Example:
- The Cat is under the table.

- The girl is under the tree.
FIGURA #5
Examples:
- A is above B and B is below A
** NOTA: SIEMPRE SE DICE ON THE LEFT y ON THE RIGHT
Let’s Practice (FIGURA # 6)
Exercices (oral) — IN AUDIO
FIGURA #7
Exercices
1) The cat is ________ the table

2) There’s a big tree ________ the house
3) The plane if flying _______ the clouds
4) She’s standing __________ the piano.
5) The movie theater is _________ the right
6) He’s sitting _________ the phone
7) The calendar is __________ the clock
8 ) The cabinet is ________ the sink.
9) There are some shoes _________ the bed.
10) The plant is _________ the piano.
11) Paul is sitting _________ Anna.
12) In Japan people drive ________ the left.
* Las respuestas estan en el audio
Lección 12 Object Pronouns – Pronombres de objeto en inglés

En esta lección hablaremos de los object pronouns y para esto es importamte que entiendan bien los subject /
subjective pronouns (LECCIÓN 2)
Object Pronouns:
Definition:: It is a pronoun that is used as an object in the sentence.
Remember: A subjective or subject pronoun does the action and goes BEFORE the verb while object
pronouns go AFTER the verb.
OBJECT PRONOUNS :
SINGULAR: —> Me (first person) You (2nd) Her / him / it (third person)
PLURAL —> Us (1st) You (2nd) Them (3rd)
Figura 1
** No confundir con los possessive adjectives : my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their (VER LECCION 5
AQUI)
Figura # 2
* Como vemos los object pronouns reciben la action del verbo y pueden ser direct or indirect objects. EN
español esto se entiende como me, le, se, nos, os etc.. En ingles siempre que hay un object pronoun hay que
colocarlo en la oración (al igual que con el subject pronoun).
Otros Ejemplos:
Imaginense que ven unos zapatos y dicen “Me gustan”. Esto en ingles no es I like o peor Me like. Primero
que I like esta incompleto puesto que no se dice elo objeto. Me like es una patada a mi higado puesto que los
object pronouns nunca hacen la acción. Lo corrcto es. I like them. (them por que se refiere a zapatos)
- La oracion: Quiero darle un beso. —–> I want to give her a kiss. (suponiendo que el objeto es una mujer)
Ejemplo:
Le quiero mucho. —–>> Quien quiere (subject) a quien quiere (object)
I love him/her. (Como vemos no hay tácito y se debe poner el “I” y tambien el objecto (en este caso
indirecto) him her o tambien it deacuerdo al contexto.
Let’s Practice
Circle the correct pronouns
1) We/Us usually see they/them.
2) I/Me write to she/her everyday.
3) He/Him loves her/she very much but she/her doesn’t love he/him.
4) Please don’t wait for she/her.
5) Do you like he/him?
Homework / Tarea
Lección 13 Adverbs of frequency Adverbios de frecuencia

Lección 13 (Gramática): Es esta lección hablaremos de los adverbios de frecuencia. La utilizaremos con el
Present Simple Tense puesto que sabemos que esta estructura es para describir acciones rutinarias.
Adverbs of Frequency
We use adverbs of frequency to say how often we do things. Adverbs of frequency
go before all verbs EXCEPT the verb to be.
De menos a mas:
Never – hardly ever – rarely (seldom) – sometimes – usually (often)- always
Note 1: Remember that with never and hardly ever we use POSITIVE sentences.
Example:
- We don’t never smoke. (INCORRECT)
- We never smoke.
Note 2: With don’t and doesn’t we use the adverb of frequency after these and before the verb.
Example:
- We don’t usually travel.
Note 3: Sometimes can go at the beginning of the sentence. (Sometimes puede ir al comienzo de una oración)
The adverbs of frequency answer the typical question starting with “How often”.
Examples:
1) How often do you brush your teeth?
I always brush my teeth
2) How often does your mother cook?

She seldom/rarely cooks.
3) How often is Claudio late for class.

He is never late for class
** How often = Con que frecuencia. Para decir la horas exacta uno tambien puede preguntar (What time?)
Para responder la hora exacta utilizamos la preposicion “at” antes de la hora.
Ejemplo:
What time do you wake up?
I wake up at 7:00 am.
Let’s Practice
Before we practice we need to learn some common verbs that we do everyday.
FIGURA # 1
_________________________________________________________________
Ejerccicios:
Complete the sentences with an adverb of frequency
1) They _________ drive. They don´t have a car.

2) I _______ eat turkey. (Only at Christmas)
3) She doesn’t have a watch so she’s _________ late.
4) We __________ get up at 8:00, except Saturdays and Sundays.
5) I ________ play tennis (when I have time)
Homework (Tarea)
Lección 14 Modal verb Can and Could – Ability

Bienvenidos a la lección 14. En esta lección numero 14 hablaremos del uso de Can y Could (poder). Gracias
por el apoyo de todos y por sus comentarios. Para ver la lección escrita hacer click en leer mas o read more.
Modal Verbs Can and Could (to talk about abilities)

We can use can (for present) and (could) for past to talk about abilities. The form of the modal verbs are very
simple. All the verbs go with the same modal verb plus the infinitive without “to”.
Example:
Maria can play the piano very well. (Maria has the ability of playing the piano)
They can play soccer.
I can speak English.
** Can y Could se utiliza para describir acciones referentes a habilidades. La forma es muy simple ya que va
con una sola conjugación para todoas las personas. Can es para describir habilidades en el tiempo presente y
Could para habilidades en el pasado.
Positive and Negative form (Modal Verb Can/could)

Figura 1
Modal Verb Subject Infinitivo without

to
| I |
| you |
| he VERB – Simple
form (DANCE)
CAN / COULD she
|
| it
|
| we
|
you
they
Ejemplos:
1) Can you play the guitar?
2) Can your sister speak French?
3) Can they dance salsa?
**BONUS
En el básico solo quiero que se enfoquen en usar can y could para describir habilidades pero can y could
tambien pueden ser usados para pedir favores. En este caso Can = Could
Ejemplo:
1) Can / Could you open the door please?

2) Can /Could they bring more beers?
Short Answers
Yes, ( I you he she it we they) can/could – No ,( I you he she it we they ) can’t/couldn’t
Exercises / Ejercicios (Figura 3)
* FIGURAS Y EJERCICIOS DE GRAMMAR IN USE (Cambridge) Grammar practice (LONGMAN)< ><

><–>
Lección 15 Simple Past: Verb To be – El Pasado de ser/estar

This is lesson 15. Today we will look at the Simple Past tense with the verb to be. We are half way through
the basic level course. Thank you for all your support!
Vamos a estudiar por primera vez el pasado (pretérito indefinido en español) con el verbo to be (ser / estar)
Es muy parecido al presente asi que como referencia tomare las clases anteriores.
The Simple Past Tense (with the verb to be)
Similar to the Present simple tense, The simple past is divided in two main parts. The form with the “to be”
and with “other verbs”
Quiero que quede claro que esta regla que vamos a aprender a continuación es solo para las conjugaciones del
verbo ser y estar. Si utilizan otros verbos llevará otra forma. Es muy similar al “Present Tense” Si recuerdan
bien, con los verbos to be la regla era distinta que con los demas verbos. Por favor si esto no esta claro visiten
las siguientes lecciones:
Forma del PRESENT TENSE (VERBO TO BE)

- LECCION 2 : The present tenes Verb To be (Positive and Negative)
- LECCION 3 : The present tense Verb To be (Question form)
Forma del PRESENT TENSE (Other Verbs)

- LECCION 10a : The present simple tense OTHER VERBS (Positive)
- LECCION 10b : The present simple tense OTHER VERBS (negative form and questions)
Let’s remember the Simple Present Tense with the verb to be
FIGURA 1
It is quite simple. We DO NOT use auxiliaries (do, does, don’t and doesn’t) To form the negative we just add
the “not” and for questions we just switch the SUBJECT and the VERB TO BE.
We do EXACTLY THE SAME with the Past Simple tense: PLEASE LOOK AT THE FIGURE:
FIGURA 2 – LA FORMA “SIMPLE PAST TENSE” – VERB TO BE (WAS / WERE)
In present tense we used: Am / Is / Are

NOW IN PAST TENSE WE USE ONLY 2 CONJUGATIONS! >>> WAS & WERE
He / she / it — was (Positive) Wasn’t (Negative)
I / we / you / They— were (Positive) Weren’t (Negative)
Short Answers
Look at the next table. This is how we answer yes/no questions
Let’s Practice
Homework
Notas del profesor:

Como vemos, el Simple Past Tense con los verbos to be es casi igual al Simple Present tense son el verbo to
be. La diferencia es que en vez de usar las conjugaciones “AM/IS/ARE” vamos a utilizar “WAS/WERE”.
Lección 16 A The Simple Past Tense OTHER VERBS

Esta leccion esta dividida en 2 partes (a y b) y va a enseñar como construir oraciones en el PAST TENSE con
los otros verbos (Verbos que no son “to be”; es decir que no sean del verbo ser o estar) —- Letras de la
CANCION A CONTINUACION:
LETRAS DE LA CANCION “EVERYTHING CHANGES” DE STAIND
If you just walked away

What could I really say?
Would it matter anyway?
Would it change how you feel?
I am the mess you chose

The closet you cannot close,
The devil in you I suppose
'Cause the wounds never heal.
[Chorus:]
But everything changes
If I could turn back the years
If you could learn to forgive me
Then I could learn to feel,
Sometimes the things I say

In moments of disarray
Succumbing to the games we play
To make sure that it's real.
[Chorus]
When it's just me and you.

Who knows what we could do.
If we can just make it through
The toughest part of the day.
[Chorus]
Stay here together

And we could
Conquer the world
If we could
Say that forever
Is more than just a word.
If you just walked away

What could I really say?
Would it matter anyway?.
It wouldn't change how you feel.
The Simple past tense
Syntax (POSITIVE FORM):

I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they + VERB (PAST FORM) +
Complement
ESTO QUIERE DECIR QUE PARA TODAS LAS PERSONAS HAY UNA SOLO CONJUGACION . Lo
único que hay que aprender es a formar esta conjugación. Esto depende si es REGULAR o IRREGULAR
verb.
The verb in the past simple form can be REGULAR or IRREGULAR
 Regular Verbs:
To from the irregular from we need to add “ed” to the infinitive form.
For example:
to watch -> watched | to talk -> talked | to wash -> washed (FIGURA 1)
REGLAS DE DELETREO
PRACTICE (Regular verb spelling) – FIGURA 2
EXAMPLES: NO IMPORTA CUAL ES EL SUJETO: SIEMPRE LLEVARA LA MISMA

CONJUGACION
1) Maria played soccer last week.

2) Pedro and Juan watched TV yesterday
3) We studied for the test but we all failed.
4) They talked on the phone for two hours last night.
 Irregular verbs
The past forms of the irregular forms DO NOT end in “-ed”. They have different forms and we need to learn
them gradually. Here is a list to begin with: (FIGURA 3)
Exercises : ASI SEA REGULAR O IRREGULAR TODAS LAS PERSONAS LLEVARAN LA
MISMA CONJUGACION
1) We went to the movies last weekend

2) They were hungry and ate the whole chicken.
3) She went to the mall and spent a lot of money.
4) Diego got up very late.
5) I came home early yesterday.
PRACTICE
Let’s Practice
Complete the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in the past simple tense.
Homework (Tarea)
CONCLUSION
Hemos aprendido la forma del SIMPLE PAST con los demas verbos (que no son to be) pero solo en la forma
affirmativa.
RECUERDEN:

Lección 16 B Simple Past – Negative and question form
Estudiaremos el PASADO SIMPLE (THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE – Con verbos que no son to be)
In this lesson we will talk about the past simple tense with other verbs (NOT THE VERB TO BE) in the
negative and question form.
En esta lección aprenderemos la forma negativa y positiva del tiempo PAST SIMPLE con verbos que no son
ser o estar. Recuerden de repasar las lecciones anteriores y de siempre practicar. (LAS RESPUESTAS DE
LA TAREA ESTAN AL FINAL DE LOS AUDIOS)
The past simple tense (NEGATIVE FORM)
Remember:
To form the past simple in the positive we need to conjugate the verb to the past form. This past form may be
in the regular and irregular form.
Regular : verbs that end in -ed

- worked / studied / finished / stayed / liked / watched / worked / lived etc…
Irregular: verb change form

- ate / went / bought / read (pronunciado como “red”) / got up / woke up / spent … etc
To form the positive: S +V +C
I / you / he / she / it / we / you /they —- went —- to the park
** RECUERDEN QUE TODAS LAS PERSONAS USAN 1 SOLA CONJUGACION
NEGATIVE FORM:
In the negative form we need to use the auxiliary did + not (didn’t). remember that when we use the auxiliary
we put the verb in the INFINITIVE form. The auxiliary didn’t is used in the negative form with verbs that are
not to be. DO NOT USE DIDN’T WITH WAS OR WERE!!!
TABLE # 1
Subject Auxiliary (did) + not Infinitive

I Study
You Work
She Play
He Did not (didn’t) Go
It Eat
We Arrive
They Live
Ejemplos (TABLE # 2):
Positive form Negative form

I went to school I didn’t go to school
She studied all night She didn’t study all night
They ate a lot They didn’t eat a lot
We had lunch We didn’t have lunch
 Simple Past (QUESTION FORM) – TABLE # 3:
In the question form we need to use the auxiliary “Did” and we have to write the verb in the INFINITIVE
form
Auxiliary (Did) Subject Infinitive

|| I Study
| You Work
| He Play
Did She Go
| It Eat
| We Arrive
| You Live
They Sleep
We can also place the question word before this structure.
QW + DID + Subject+ Verb (Infinitive)
Examples:
- What did you do yesterday?

- Where did Maria go last week?
- What time did Pedro leave the party?
- When did Sarah get married?
- How many bottles of beer did they drink?
 Let’s compare present simple with past simple
TABLE: 4
Present Simple Past Simple

(-) I don’t study I didn’t study
(-) She doesn’t work She didn’t work
(?) Does she study? Did she study?
(?) Do you like movies? Did you like the movie?
*** Como vemos en esta comparación, lo único que cambia es el auxiliar. Recuerden que el auxiliar DID
(ademas de do y does) APARECEN EL LA FORMA NEGATIVA E INTERROGATIVA CON VERBOS
QUE NO SON TOBE.
 Short Answers (respuestas cortas)
Examples:
Did you see Pam yesterday? ——– No, I didn’t.

Did it rain on Sunday? ———– Yes, it did.
Did Helen come to the party? ———– No, she didn’t.
Did your parents have a good trip?——— Yes, they did.
 MARCADORES DE TIEMPO DEL PASADO: TABLE 5
Examples:
- I studied English last night.

- She finished school 3 years ago.
- Martin wanted to go to the movies yesterday.
- We went to New York 5 months ago.
Let’s Practice
HOMEWORK / TAREA
Lección 17 Going to – Future
Today we are going to talk about plans in the future using “going to”. En esta LECCION 17 hablaremos de
como expresar planes en el futuro.
Hoy les presentamos un nuevo tiempo que esta relacionado al futuro. Se trata de la estructura “going to”. Es
muy similar al PRESENT CONTINUOUS ya que requiere del verbo to be y going es el verbo go mas la
terminación “ing” conocido como GERUND.
Tengo que hacerles recordar que para que ustedes hablen en inglés no solo es importante saber la estructura
sino saber en que momento usarla. Esto se logra por analizar la situacion y saber el uso correcto de las
estructuras aprendidas. Por ejemplo, cuando necesitamos hablar de rutinas usamos el PRESENT SIMPLE
(How often do you go to the dentist?) Usamos el PRESENT CONTINUOUS para hablar de acciones que
estan sucediendo en el momento (What are you doing?). Para expresar habilidades usamos CAN y para
hablar de tiempos definidos del pasado el PAST SIMPLE.
Así que recuerden que no es necesario traducir porque esto les traera problemas. Es mejor PENSAR en Inglés
y esto solo se logra con práctica.
FUTURE – GOING TO —> PLANS
Syntax:
Subject + to be + going to + infinitive
USE:
We use the future with “GOING TO” to talk about plans
POSITIVE FORM
Subject Verb To be Going to Infinitive

I Am dance
He / She / It Is Going to Study
We / You / They Are Go shopping
Examples:
- Maria’s going to travel this holiday.
- They’re going to go to a very expensive restaurant.
- I’m going to come home late.
NEGATIVE FORM
Subject Verb To be + not Going to Infinitive

I Am not Clean
He / She / It Is not (isn’t) Going to Cook
We / You / They Are not (aren’t) travel
- I’m not going to go to the party.
- Juan isn’t going to work today.
- They aren’t going to stay at that hotel.
QUESTION FORM
Question Word Verb To Be Subject Going to Infinitive

What Am not I Do
Where Is not (isn’t) He / She / It Going to Go
—————– Are not (aren’t) We / You / They travel
Ejemplos:
- What are you going to do later?

- What is she going to cook?
- Are they going to attend the meeting?
- Where is Maria going to study?
Short answers are with the to be verb
- Yes, I am – Yes, you are – No, he isn’t – No, they aren’t ETC
Errores típicos
Recuerden de NO USAR el do/does (para preguntas) & el don’t y doesn’t (para negativos). NO SE USAN
porque usamos el verbo to be.
- INCORRECTO: I don’t going to study.

- CORRECTO: I‘m not going to study.
- INCORRECTO: Where do you going to go?

- CORRECTO: Where are you going to go?
Recuerden de NO OLVIDAR de poner el verbo TO BE
- INCORRECTO: Juan going to buy beer.

- CORRECTO: Juan is going to buy beer.
Ejercicios Recomendados
- Practicar Going to en linea con respuestas
- Practicar going to (Archivo DOC)

Lección 18 Verbo Gustar – Like – Como Expresar Preferencias en
INGLES
Hello students and visitors. I hope you had a great Easter and today we will talk about the verb to like in the
present simple which we use to talk about preferences.
Present Simple (verb to like)
USE (Think in ENGLISH!)

We use the verb to like in the present simple to talk about PREFERENCES or to express interest about
something or someone.
 Subject + verb to like + NOUN

When we talk about nouns (what is a noun?) after the verb to like we talk about things in general therefore
we use THE PLURAL FORM for countable nouns.
EXAMPLES:
- I like mangoes. ( NOT: i like a mango)

- Do you like dogs or cats?
- What kind of movies does your friend like?
NOTE:
With nouns that are UNCOUNTABLE (nouns you cannot form in plural e.g. RICE, WATER, MUSIC) we
DO NOT put it in a plural form obviously.
Examples:
- Maria likes beer. (NOT: Maria likes beers because beer in an uncountable noun in English)
- What kind of music do you like?
- I like Italian food.
 Subject + verb to like + “verb” GERUND FORM (-ing)

When we want to use a “verb” as a complement we use the verb in the gerund form (-ING ENDING e.g
dancing, going out, running, swimming etc)
Examples:
- I like going to the disco.

- My wife likes cooking.
- What do you like doing?
NOTE:
In American English you can use the gerund OR the infinitive form after the verb to like.
Example:
Carlos likes teaching English — OR — Carlos likes to teach English.
*** Notas del profesor.

Vemos que el verbo to like es para hablar de preferencias y de gustos en el PRESENT SIMPLE. Si el
complemento es un sustantivo usamos la forma plural a no ser que sea un sustantivo no contable. Cuando se
use el verbo en el complemento usamos la forma gerundia que es el verbo mas la terminación “ING”.
En en inglés americano se puede usar en infinitivo (to dance) en vez de el gerundio. En InglesTotal vamos a
recomendar usar la forma gerundio porque los mejores libros lo recomiendan y en muchos examenes tendrán
que usar la forma de gerundio.
Lección 19 Como ofrecer algo en INGLES

LECCION 19 : Curso gratis de INGLES nivel Básico / Elemental —– Conversation / Speaking #2
Today we are going to discuss how to offer something in English. We will also talk about the differences
between DO YOU LIKE … ? vs WOULD YOU LIKE …?
Hoy hablaremos de como ofrecer algo en español. Recuerden que pueden bajar las lecciones a sus
reproductores con tal solo hacer click en el link download (y si no pueden hacer click derecho en download y
guardar vínculo como).
How do we offer something in English?
Now that we know the structure of some tenses (e.g Present simple, continuous, past, modal verb can, going
to) it is important that we focus on PRODUCING and in thinking in English. Remember that we need to look
at the situation and use the correct form and structure in English and AVOID TRANSLATING. We do not
need to translate because this can be confusing.
** Ahora que sabemos algunas estructuras básicas es importante que sepamos que estructura usar en la
situación indicada. Debemos EVITAR traducir oraciones completas ya que en Español muchas veces se
utilizan distintas estructuras que en el INGLES. Veamos entonces como ofrecer algo en INGLES.
 Using the verb “WANT”
We use the verb want to offer something in English. When we use the verb to want we to offer something we
will use the present simple.
Example:
a) What do you want to drink?
b) I want a glass of water.
a) Do you want to eat anything?
b) Sure. What is there?
a) There is some chicken.
b) Yeah, I want some chicken.
When we use want it is considered not very formal.
OBSERVATIONS WITH THE VERB TO WANT:
When we use a “verb” after the verb like, we will use TO +INFINITIVE
TABLE 1
Vern to want
Subject Infinitive
I/we/you/they Want To study
He/she/it Wants To be famous
*** Recuerden que hay verbos a los cuales le siguen el infinitivo con el “to” por delante (como want) y hay
verbos que son seguidos por el gerindio o forma -ing (como like)
 Using WOULD YOU LIKE ?
We use would you like to offer something. It is a FORMAL WAY to offer. The structure of “would” is the
same as the structure of “can”.
*** Como utilizar el “would”: Es muy simple. Lo usamos igual que el “CAN”. Si no saben como usar el
“can” ir a LA LECCION 14 CLICK AQUI
Examples:
a) What would you like to drink?

b) I’d (I + would) like some beer.
a) I am sorry, We don’t have any beer. Would you like some wine?
b) Yes, I would.
a) And what would you like to eat?
b) I’d like a sandwich.
Similar to want, when we use a “verb” after WOULD LIKE we will use the TO + INFINITIVE.
TABLE 2
Would like Infinitive

Subject
I/we/you/they Would like To travel
He/she/it Would like To drink
*** recuerden que despues de would like va la forma to + infinitive. WOULD LIKE no es lo mismo que
LIKE
 DO YOU LIKE? ———VS———-WOULD YOU LIKE?
Do you like?:
We use the verb like to talk about preferences (If you have questions READ LESSON 17)
Example:
a) Do you like apples? (Do you like it in GENERAL – We use the plural form if it is a countable noun)
b) Do you like dancing? (we use the gerund form after the verb to like)
Would you like?:
We use would like to offer.
Example:
a) Would you like an apple? ( we are offering an apple at the moment – we use singular if it is a countable
noun
b) Would you like to go to the cinema? (We some TO + INFINITIVE after WOULD LIKE)
Lección 20 Possessive Pronouns

Remember to join us in our FACEBOOK COMMUNITY. Today we are going to discuss the possesive
pronouns LESSON 20
Recuerden de visitar nuestros otros blogs y de visitar los diversos links a los costados de esta página.
También les invito a que manden sus comentarios en audio. Simplemente graban si comentario, sugerencia o
saludo y lo guardan en un archivo y lo mandan a nuestro email contacto(@)inglestotal.com.
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
The Possessive pronouns are:
MINE / YOURS / HIS / HERS / ITS / OURS / YOURS / THEIRS
To understand these pronouns it is important to review the pronouns that we already know.
TABLE 1:
“Subject” Object Possessive Possessive
Pronouns Pronouns Adjectives Pronouns
I Me my mine
You You Your Yours
He Him His His
She Her Her Hers
It It Its Its
We Us Our Ours
You You Your Yours
They Them Their Theirs
These are the pronouns that we know so far. Remember that the “Subject” and Object pronouns refer to
people, places and things (nouns) and the Possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns refer to possessions.
Como vemos estos son todos los pronombres aprendidos hasta la fecha. Les hago recordar que es importante
aprenderlos y saber las diferencias que existen entre ellos. Los “Subject” y object pronouns van a tomar el
lugar de sustantivos y los possessive adjectives y possessive pronouns se utiliza para expresar posesión. Les
recomiendo escuchar bien el audio para despejar dudas.
Si tienen aún dudas visitar la lección 12 de object pronouns AQUI o también ver la
leccíon 5 de posessive adjectives AQUI
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS vs POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
We use both to talk about possession but they have different rules. LET’S COMPARE
 Possessive Adjectives (my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their)
When we use the possessive adjectives IT IS NECESSARY TO PUT A NOUN AFTER the possessive
adjective.
Example:
I didn’t take my book. (YOU NEED TO PUT “BOOK”)
Maria went to her house.
We need to put the noun after the possessive adjective “my”.
 Possessive Pronouns (mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs)
When we use the possessive pronouns WE DO NOT PUT THE NOUN AFTER the possessive pronoun.
Example: “We are talking about a book”
- That is mine.
- Maria didn’t take hers.
It is not necessary to put book because possessive pronouns can stand alone.
*** Entonces entendemos que con los possessive adjectives es necesario que sea seguido por un sustantivo
pero los possessive pronouns pueden ir solos. Cuando usamos los possessive pronouns se tiene que tener
claro de que uno esta hablando sino lo correcto es usar los possessive adjectives.
EJEMPLO DE COMO SE USAN LOS POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES Y LOS POSSESSIVE

PRONOUNS
Whose book is this? (Usar el question word “whose” para hablar de posesión y de usar el sustantivo “book”
despues del QW)
a) It is my book. (Here we use the possessive adjective “my” followed by the noun “book”)
b) It is mine. (Here we use the possessive pronoun “mine” and we do not need to put the noun after it).
NOTE: It is also possible to use the POSSESSIVE NOUNS (Ver lección 5 AQUI)
Ejemplo usando el POSSESSIVE NOUN
- It is Juan’s book. (Se utiliza el sustantivo propio aumentandole apostrofe y “s”).
LET’S PRACTICE (EJERCICIOS EN LINEA)
- Ejercicios de POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

- Ejercicios (usar los possessive adjectives o los possessive pronouns)
- Identificar el posessive adjective y possessive pronoun.
- Revisión de los pronombres
LINK PARA UNIRSE AL GRUPO DE INGLESTOTAL EN FACEBOOK
- UNIRSE AL GRUPO DE FACEBOOK “ALUMNOS DE INGLESTOTAL”
Lección 21 Comparative Form of Adjetives
Hoy hablaremos de adjetivos en la forma comparativa. Recuerden que es importante aprender adjetivos para
usar esta forma. También he recibido muchas consultas con respecto a las demas lecciones. Hay varios links
para ver el menu de lecciones. Están en la parte superior y tambien el la parte derecha. TAMBIEN PUEDES
HACER CLICK AQUI.
The Comparative Form
We use the comparative form to compare and contrast different objects or people in English. Use the
comparative form to show the difference between two objects or people and we use THAN before what or
who we are comparing to.
Remember that is it VERY IMPORTANT to know and learn adjectives because we will need to use them to
form this structure. If you need a list please CLICK HERE.
Example:
Maria is taller than Juan -> RECUERDEN DE UTILIZAR THAN DESPUES DE LA FORMA
COMPARATIVA
Miami is more modern than Lima.
*Entonces, usamos “The comparative form” para comparar y contrastar sustantivos usando ADJETIVOS en
INGLES. Es vital aprender adjetivos asi que se necesitan una lista ir acá (HACER CLICK).
Reglas para formar la forma comparativa en INGLES
In this following table we can learn the rules TABLE #1
Adjective Rule Example

Adjective with one | |
syllable
1. Ending in – e ADD –r a) The Honda is wider than
the chevrolete
Wide |
b) A big car is safer than a
Safe | small one.
2.Consonant – Vowel – Double the |

Consonant consonant and add -
er |
Big
| c) My house is bigger than
Thin yours.
|
3. All others d) Joe is thinner than Mary.
ADD –er
Tall |
e) John is taller than Brian

Adjectives with two or | |
more syllables
1. Ending in –y | |
Pretty Change the –y to –i f) Ana is prettier than

and add –er Nina g) A motorcycle is
Noisy | noisier than a car
2.All others Use more (or less) |

before the adjective
Beautiful h) Marisu is more beautiful
than Elena
Expensive
i) The shirt is more
expensive than the trousers
Size Touch Shape Time Quantity Sound
IRREGULAR FORMS (TABLE
2)
good - better
bad – worse
far -further /farther
Remembre to use THAN after the comparative form. Recuerden de usar “than” (y nunca what) despues
de la forma comparativa.
EXAMPLES: My house is more expensive THAN my car John is funnier THAN Tim
LET’S PRACTICE (TABLE 3)

ADJECTIVE Comparative ADJECTIVE Comparative ADJECTIVE Comparative
Happy Cheap Honest
Difficult Strong Busy
Clean Interesting Young
Early Hot Near
Beautiful Warm Funny
Soft Expensive Easy
Intelligent fresh Bad
Dirty Kind Late
Good Boring Dangeerous
Careful Cold weak
VER RESPUESTAS – CHECK ANSWERS
Exercises
1) She’s much __________ her husband. (young)
2) It’s a __________ day _____ yesterday. (warm)
3) The vegetables in the shop are __________ _____ the one ones in the supermarket. (fresh)
4) The train is __________ _____ the bus (expensive)
5) The new TV programme is __________ _____ the old one. (funny)
6) Mrs. Jones is a __________ teacher ____ Mr. Andrews. (good)
7) My office is __________ _____ Helen’s. (near)
8) The traffic is _______________ it was last year. (noisy)
9) You have a __________ life _____ I have. (busy)
10) Drivers in this country are _______________________ _____ drivers in my country. (dangerous)
11) The exam today was _______________ _____ last year’s exam. (difficult)
12) She’s __________ _____ her sister. (smart)
13) Micheal is __________ _____ than Mathew. (Rich)
14) The students ask _______________ questions _____ they did before. (intelligent)
15) Her second book is _______________ _____ her first one. (interesting)
VER RESPUESTAS – CHECK ANSWERS
ONLINE EXERCISES / EJERCICIOS EN LINEA
- http://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/242.html
- http://www.better-english.com/grammar/comparatives.htm
- http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/adjectives-adverbs/adjectives/compare-exercises?1
Lección 22 Lista de prepocisiones mas comunes en INGLES
LECCION SIN AUDIO WELCOME to InglesTotal !
In this GRAMMAR lesson we will discuss what are prepositions and how to use them correctly. We will also
study a list of most common prepositions used in conversations.
En esta leccción hablaremos de las preposiciones y daremos una lista de las preposiciones en INGLES mas
comunes. Recuerden de participar en InglesTotal mandando audios con comentarios, saludos o preguntas al
email contacto(@)inglestotal.com (sin los parentesis)
What are Prepositions?

It is a word used before a noun or pronoun to relate it to the other words. When you form a phrase with the
preposition it is called a prepositional phrase. This consists of a preposition and its object.
(thefreedictionary.com)
For example:
My English books are in my house.
“in my house” is the prepositional phrase. In is the preposition and house is the object of the prepositional
phrase.
* Como vemos las preposiciones son importantes para unir y relacionar sustantivos
Why are prepositions and prepositional phrases important?
It is important mainly because they indicate a relationship between the object of the prepositional phrase with
the rest of the sentence
In these examples, we see how the object of the prepositional phrase “table” is related with the rest of the
sentence
The notebook is on the table.

The notebook is under the table.
The book is beside the table.
She held the notebook over the table.
* Cuando usamos las preposiciones y los “prepositional phrases” unimos ideas y relacionamos sustantivos
con el resto de la oración. Es decir, damos mas profundidad a nuestras oraciones y somos mas claros al hablar
puesto que damos mas infromación.
List of most Common Prepositions – Lista de preposiciones en Ingles mas comunes
Aviso: En esta lista damos las traducciones de preposiciones. Estas palabras también pueden ser usados
como adverbios, adjectivos, conjunciones haciendo que su tradución varie. Acá les damos las traducciones
de las siguientes palabras como preposiciones.
PREPOSITION TRADUCCION
About Acerca de / sobre
Above Encima de / por encima de
Across En frente de / cruzando
After Despues
Against contra
Along Por (una vía paralela) “Go along this street”
Among Entre (en medio de)
Around Alrededor de
At En / a
Before antes
behind Detrás de / atrás de
Below Debajo de / abajo de
beneath Debajo de / bajo
beside Al lado de / junto a
Between Entre (usualmente entre 2 personas u objetos)
By Por (de autoría “The book was griten by Dan Brown”) /
Por (vía de transporte) “I go to school by bus”
During durante
Except Excepto / salvo
For Para (destinatario / uso / propósito)
From De (origin / remitente)
In en
In front of En frente de
Inside Dentro de
Instead of En vez de / en lugar de
Into En / a / con (movimiento de entrar) “Come into my
office”
Like Como / parecido / igual que
Near Cerca de / junto
Of De (posesivo)
On Sobre / en “on the table , on TV, on Sunday”
Outside Fuera de
Over Encima de / por encima de
Since Desde
Through Através
To A (destinación)
Toward / Towards hacia
Under / Underneath Debajo de
Until Hasta
With con
Within Dentro de (distancia / tiempo) “ I am going to traval
within the next week”
Without sin
Lección 23 Superlative Form

Espero estén todos bien. Hoy les traemos la clase de “The Superlative Form” de los adjetivos. También
queria invitarles al nuevo chat que se ha hecho para practicar INGLES con los demas visitantes y/o alumnos
virtuales. Espero verlos por allí para saludarles y conocerles.
The Superlative Form

Definition: The superlative is the form of an adjective or adverb that shows which thing has that quality
above or below the level of the others. It denotes the greatest degree regarding the quality of the adjective
used. (usingenglish.com)
To use the superlative form please review adjectives CLICK HERE.
Example:
Brian is the tallest student in the class -> RECUERDEN DE UTILIZAR THE ANTES DE LA
FORMA SUPERLATIVA
Paris is the most beautiful city in the world.
*Entonces, usamos “The superlative form” para comparar establecer la cualidad máxima del adjetivo en uno
con relación al contexto. Es decir, es la forma del adjetivo o adverbio que espresa su mayor qualidad.
SINECESITAS ADJETIVOS(HACER CLICK).
Por ejemplo:
“Mount Everest is the highest mountain” quiere decir que el Monte Everest es la montaña mas alta. No hay
mas alta que el Everest y expresa su supremacia con respecto a las demas montañas en cuanto al adjetivo
“high” que es alto.
Reglas para formar la forma Superlativa en INGLES
In this following table we can learn the rules TABLE #1
Adjective Rule Example

With one syllable | |
1. Ending in – e
the + (adjective + – a) Jupiter is the largest planet
Large st)
|
2.Consonant – Vowel – |
Consonant |
the +(Double the
Hot consonant and add - b) The hottest place on earth is
est) Ethiopia.
3. All others
| |
long
the + (Adjective + – c) The Great Wall of China is
hard est) the longest wall in the world.
d) Math is the hardest subject

in school.
Adjectives with two or | |
more syllables
1. Ending in –y | |
Easy the +(Change the –y e) The easiest subject for me is
to –i and add –est) geography.
2.All others
the+[Use most (or |
important least) before the
adjective] f) The most important thing in
life is love
Size Touch Shape Time Quantity Sound
IRREGULAR FORMS (TABLE 2)
good - (the) best
bad – (the) worst
far -(the)furthest /farthest
Remember to use THE before the superlative form. Recuerden de usar “the” antes de la forma superlativa.
TAMBIEN CUIDADO CON LA TRADUCCION CON COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES. En

español no es igual. Impriman las 2 tablas de esta lección y la lección 21 para que aprendan la regla y no
tengan errores.
EXAMPLES:
Brian’s car is THE most expensive
LET’S PRACTICE
Exercises
1) __________ (large)cucumber weighed 66lbs.
2) __________ (popular) tourist attraction in the United States is Disneyworld.
3) __________ (successful) songwriters are Paul Mccartney and the late John Lennon.
4) __________ (heavy) baby at birth was a boy of 22 lbs. 8 oz. He was born in Italy in 1955
5) __________ (fat) person was a man in New York. He weighed almost 1200 lbs.
6) One of __________ (famous) painters was Pablo Picasso.
7) __________ (long) attack of hiccups lasted 67 years.
8) __________ (big) omelet was made of 54,763 eggs.
ONLINE EXERCISES / EJERCICIOS EN LINEA
Superlative exercises:
http://www.inglesmadrid.com/superlativo-31c.htm
http://www.isabelperez.com/super.htm
http://www.learnenglish.de/Games/Adjectives/CompSup.htm
http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/averroes/recursos_informaticos/
Superlative Vs Comparative
http://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=comparative-superlative-forms
http://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/45.html
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/regcom2.htm
http://www.angelfire.com/fl2/espanglishtips/testcomp.html
Lección 24 Countable and Uncountable nouns
Today we are going to talk about countable and uncountable nouns and learn when and how to use them
correctly. Please remember to practice and to do the exercises at the end of the post.
Hoy hablaremos de los sustantivos contables y no contables. Aprenderemos como usarlos y algunas
reglas.Antes de empezar esta leccíon recomiendo repasar la siguente leccion que trata del uso de there is/are:
CLICK AQUI
Countable nouns – Count nouns
A noun renames a person, place or thing. If a noun is viewed as countable if:
• A or an can be used in front of it : a table, an egg

• It has a plural form : there are two tables
• It can be used in a question with how many: How many rooms are there?
• A number can be used before it: four computers
If a noun is viewed as uncountable:
• a/an cannot be used in front of it: Cereal is healthy

• it does not have a plural form: I like butter (NOT BUTTERS)
• it can be in a question with how much: How much sugar would you like?
• a number isn’t used in front of it: It has little caffeine.
• it always takes a “singular” verb: Milk is good for you.
*** En si los sustantivos contables son aquellos que puedes contar (poner un numero antes del sustantivo:
una mesa pero no una agua Todos los liquidos como agua, leche, cerveza, vino son no contables (EN
ESPAÑOL PUEDE SER DISTINTO). Tambien las carnes son no contables como pollo, pescado etc.
TABLE
USING THERE IS / ARE WITH COUNTABLE and UNCOUNTABLE

NOUNS
Countable Uncountable
Singular Plural One form

(+)There is a chair. There are some chairs. There is some water
(-) There isn’t a table. There aren’t any tables. There isn’t any cheese.
(?) Is there a bathroom? Are there any bathrooms? Is there any coffee?
Conclusions from the table:

• With countable nouns we have two forms: singular and plural and when we refer to uncountable nouns we
only use one form.
• When we use the singular form with countable nouns we use a/an and with plurals we use some/any.
• With the uncountable nouns we do not use a/an and we can use some/any
• With countable nouns some/any means “an indefinite number”
• With uncountable nouns some/any means “a portion of”
Conclusiones:
Como vemos cuando un sustantivo es contable hay dos formas: singular y plural pero con los no constables
solo hay una forma. Nunca usen la forma plural cuando usen los no contables. También cabe resaltar que
cuando usamos el some /any con los contables significa algunos/algunas o en negativo ningun pero cuando se
usa con los no contables quiere decir algo de. Veamos:
There are some books on the table. (Hay algunos libros)

There aren’t any books. (No hay ningun lbro) Ojo que en español se usa la forma singular de libro pero en
inglés no.
Are there any books? (Hay algún libro)
There is milk. (Hay algo de leche)
There isn’t any milk. (No hay nada de leche)
Is there any milk? (Hay algo de leche?)
ONLINE EXERCISES – EJERCICIOS EN LINEA:
Identify if the noun is countable or uncountable (Identificar si el sustantivo es contable o no)

-http://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/210.html
-http://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/210.html
There is or there are?

- http://www.better-english.com/easier/counta.htm
LINK de Vocabulario mas lección (formato PDF)

http://fds.oup.com/www.oup.com/pdf/elt/catalogue/9780194307260-a.pdf
Lección 25 Prepositions of Time and place
Today we are going to talk about the prepositions of time. We are also going to review the prepositions of
place discussed and presented in LESSON #9 (CLICK HERE).
Hoy vamos a presentar las preposiciones de tiempo y también vamos a repasar las preposiciones de lugar que
discutimos en la LECCION #9 (ENLACE AQUI)
Prepositions of place and time
Before we start presenting more prepositions of place please review Lesson 9 (Link here).
Prepositions of place show where something is in relation to another object or person. They show “position”
and help us describe where something is located in a sentence.
In lesson #9 we practiced the prepositions of place and today I would like to expand the conceptwith the
rollowing rules.
Prepositions of place and time : IN / ON / AT

Use IN before:
- Countries and cities :Colombia, Bogota (Paises y ciudades)

- Buildings: a shop, a museum (Edificios)
- Months: February, June (Meses)
- Seasons: winter, summer (Estaciones del año)
- Years: 1998, 2003 (Años)
- Times of the day: morning, afternoon, evening – NOT night (Partes del día)
Use ON before:
- Transport: a bike, a bus, train, plane, a ship – NOT car (Transporte)

- A surface: the floor, a table, a shelf, the balcony, the roof, the wall (Superficies)
- Dates: March 1st (Fechas)
- Days: Tuesday, New Year’s Day, Valentine’s Day (Dias)
Use AT before:
- The following words: school, home, work, university, the airport, the station, a bus stop, a party, the door,
night, the weekend
- Times: 6 o’clock, half past five, 4:45 pm (Hora)
- Festival periods: Christmas, Easter (Festivales)
More Prepositions of time (colaboración englisch-hilfe.com)

Links to practice Prepositions of Place:
Prepositions of time
http://www.learnenglish.de/Games/Prepositions/PreposTime.htm
http://www.ztudenti.com/index.php/Galeria-Shkollore/prepositions-of-time.html
http://www.world-english.org/prepositions.htm
Exercises IN / ON/ AT
http://esl.about.com/library/quiz/blgrquiz_prep1.htm
http://esl.about.com/library/quiz/blgrquiz_prep3.htm
http://www.scribd.com/doc/6979692/In-On-At-Preposition-Practice
http://www.english-the-easy-way.com/Prepositions/In_On_At_Place_Quiz.htm
http://www.clafoti.com/ImagenesABC/exa_3.htm
http://www.languageschool.cz/prepositionsoftime2.html
http://english-quiz.net/time-prepositions-quiz.html
http://www.better-english.com/grammar/timepreps.htm
http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/prepositions-at-in-on-time.htm
Extra Reading:
http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/prepositions-at-in-on-place.htm
http://www.english-4u.de/prep_of_place.htm
Lección 26 Present Perfect tense. Tiempo verbal gramática
Today is the last grammar lesson of the basic/elementary course. We are going to study the present perfect
tense. Remember that it is very important to practice and to review.
¿Como se forma el present perfect? ¿Cuando utilizamos el present perfect? Hoy es nuestra última lección
gramatical del curso básico/elemental. Vamos a presentar el tiempo gramatical “present perfect” y responder
estas interrogantes. Recuerden que es importante practicar y repasar
Before we start with this lesson where you are going to read the Present Perfect tense. Let’s remember the
tenses that we have studied up to this point:
The Present Simple and Present Continuous
We have studied these two tenses before. These refer to the present tense but in different ways. The present
simple is used to talk about actions that “usually” happen. These actions describe routines or habits. The
present continuous is used to describe actions that are happening at the moment in which they are spoken.
Present Simple: For routines, habits and current information

- I usually get up at 6:00 am.
- Tom goes to the gym at weekends.
- Sarah has two children.
Present Continuous: for actions happening at the moment
- We are studying English at InglesTotal.

- I am not watching TV at the moment
** Como vimos estos 2 tiempos gramaticales que hemos estudiado antes (Present tense :LECCION 10 y
Present Continuous:LECCION 8) Usan el nombre present ya que tienen una relacion con ella pero de manera
distinta. El present tense se usa para describir una acción que sucede usualmente como una rutina en cambio
el present continuous es utilizado para describir acciones que suceden en el momento en que se esta
hablando. RECUERDEN QUE NO ES LO MISMO EN ESPAÑOL Y POR ELLO ES NECESARIO
RESPETAR LAS REGLAS GRAMATICALES DEL IDIOMA QUE UNO APRENDE.
The Present Perfect Tense

This tense has the name “Present” but it has many uses and it is sometimes confusing. Today we are going to
study the first use which is for ‘EXPERIENCES”.
The Past Participle form of the verbs
To form the present perfect tense we need to learn a new form of the verb. This is called the past participle.
Regular verbs
When you want to form the past participle of regular verbs, it is the same as the past tense “played”where we
add “ed” to the base form.
Examples:
CHART #1
Verb Past form Past Particple
Work Worked Worked
Talk Talked Talked
Study Studied Studied
Stay Stayed Stayed
Watch Watched watched
List of complete regular verbs (enlace con lista completa de verbos regulares):
http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/regular-verbs-list.htm
Irregular verbs
The irregular form of the verbs in past participle change and you have to learn them with practice.
CHART #2
Verb Past form Past Particple
be Was/were been
eat ate eaten
go went gone
buy bought bought
ride Rode ridden
write wrote written
List of complete irregular verbs (enlace con la lista completa de verbos irregulares):
http://www.usingenglish.com/reference/irregular-verbs/
The Present Perfect – STRUCTURE / SYNTAX

Positive form
SUBJECT + [HAVE / HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE] + COMPLEMENT
CHART #3
Subject Auxiliary Past Participle Complement

I/we/you/they have been to Brazil
He/She/It has Eaten Sushi
Negative form
SUBJECT + [HAVEN'T / HASN'T + PAST PARTICIPLE] + COMPLEMENT
CHAR T#4
Subject Auxiliary Past Participle Complement

I/we/you/they haven’t been to Brazil
He/She/It hasn’t eaten Sushi
Question form
Question word + [HAVE / HAS + SUBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE] + COMPLEMENT
CHART #5
Question Word Auxiliary Subject Past Participle Complement

What countries have I/we/you/they been to?
——————— Has He/she/it eaten Sushi?
Contractions:
He/she/it + has = he’s/she’s/it’s

I/we/you/they + have = I’ve/we’ve/you’ve/they’ve
Short Answers (Yes/no answers)
CHART #6
Positive Negative
Yes, I/we/you/they have No. I/we/you/they haven’t
Yes, he/she/it has No, he/she/it hasn’t
USE of the Perfect Tense

In this class we are going to learn the first use of the present perfect. REMEMBER that there are other uses
and we will study these in the pre-intermediate level.
We use the present perfect tense to talk about: AN INDEFINITE TIME IN THE PAST:
“EXPERIENCES“
When we want to talk about an experience we can use the present perfect tense. An “experience” is
something that happened in the time but WE DO NOT KNOW WHEN. Let’s look at the chart.
CHART #7
To emphasize this use of the present perfect we use the word “ever”. More examples:
- Have you ever been to Peru?

In this question we are asking for information about his life experience. We DO NOT CARE or WANT TO
KNOW WHEN. It is a question without a definite point in the past.
- I have been to Mexico three times.

We say that in our life we went to Mexico but we DO NOT SAY WHEN.
- Has Laura ever eaten Paella?

We want to know if Laura has eaten paella once in her life. WE DO NOT WANT TO KNOW WHEN.
*** ¿Cuando usamos el present perfect? El present perfect se usa para describir acciones que pasaron antes y
sin decir cuando. Es un tiempo indefinido del pasado y se usa para expresar experiencias sin determinar el
tiempo en que se dieron. Esto es muy util ya que la pueden usar para pedir informacion en general. “Ever” se
utiliza para emfatizar este uso.
Present Perfect vs Past Simple
As we have seen, we can talk about the past with present perfect but we need to learn the differences with the
past simple tense.
Present Perfect : Indefinite time in the past

Past Simple: Definite time in the past
Maria has been to Spain (Present Perfect: we do not know when)

Maria went to Spain last year (Past simple: A definite time “last year” other phrases: three days ago, last
week, yesterday etc.)
*** Como sabemos, tambien podemos usar el past simple para hablar del pasado pero es cuando es un tiempo
definido; es decir, un tiempo exacto. Ya en pre-intermedio ampiaremos este tema
Ejercicios y refuerzo:
Hacer los siguientes ejercicios (las respuestan estan en el audio)
Enlaces y links:
Muy buen enlace listo para imprimir que explica de otra forma el Present Perfect
http://www.headsupenglish.com/skillbuilders/grammar/presentperfectexperience.pdf
Ejercicios para practicar el present perfect

http://www.headsupenglish.com/skillbuilders/grammar/haveyoueverdrills.pdf
Apuntes del uso de “ever”
http://menuaingles.blogspot.com/2007/09/present-perfect-con-ever.html
EXAMEN 1
Basic Elementary Course – EnglishTest # 1

Curso Básico Elemental – Examen # 1
Hello to all my students! Today I want to start a new category. I will be posting tests so that you can check
your progress.
Saludos,
Hoy vamos a empezar posteando examenes ya que muchos me lo han estado pidiendo. Es importante
comprobar estén aprendiendo por eso es vital que ustedes mismos se evaluen responsablemente.
Esperamos seguir mejorando para que ustedes puedan tener mas recursos de ingles a su alcanze.
Quiero aprovechar para aclarar que este es un curso “self study” (autodidacta). Es decir, ustedes avanzan a
su velocidad y estudian cuando mas les conviene. Esto lo digo porque muchas me siguen escribiendo para
preguntarme cuando y como empiezan las clases de ingles.
Para empezar simplemente van a EL MENU DE EL CURSO BASICO ELEMENTAL y escojen la lección
que les corresponde. Así de simple.
Examen numero 1(curso Básico)
What you should know befote taking the test (Temas cubiertos):
- Verb to be (present simple)

Lesson # 2 – Positive and negative form
Lesson # 3 – Question form
- Demonstrative pronouns (this/that –these/tose) articles (a/an) – Lesson # 4
- Possessive adjectives (my,your,his,his,its,our,their) – Lesson # 5
Nota: Las respuestas están en la parte final del examen.

Recuerden de repasar los temas cubiertos y de ser serios a la hora de dar sus exámenes.
____________________________________________
Answer Key (Respuestas)
EXAMEN 2
EXAMEN NUMERO 2 – CURSO BASICO ELEMENTAL DE INGLES
Hello to everyone. I hope that these clases are helping you. It is my pleasure to be your teacher. Remember to
study before you take the test. Thanks for your comments, suggestions and advices. Remember to participate
and also send in your audios to contacto’@'inglestotal.com.
Examen numero 1(curso Básico)
Study these points before taking the tests (TEMAS CUBIERTOS):
In addition to the topics included in test # 1 please review for test # 2:
- Grammar
Lesson # 2 (grammar) Question words

Lesson # 5 (grammar) Possessive nouns and possessive adjectives
Lesson # 9 (grammar) Prepositions of place (in, on at)
- Vocabulary
Lesson # 1 (Vocabulary) The Family
El examen tambíen incluye vocabulario no cubierto aún en InglesTotal. Usar diccionario si es necesario.
TEST / EXAMEN:
RESPUESTAS:
** Examen gracias a New Headway – Oxford
EXAMEN 3
EXAMEN NUMERO 3 - CURSO BASICO ELEMENTAL DE INGLES en linea
Hi to all! Thanks for all your comments and it makes me so happy that you are learning English with
InglesTotal. Remember to practice before you take the test. It is important to review and do exercises.
Examen # 3(curso Básico Elemental de Inglés)
Study these points before taking the tests (TEMAS CUBIERTOS en este examen) ESTUDIAR o REPASAR
ESTOS PUNTOS ANTES DE RENDIR ESTE EXAMEN
- Grammar
Lesson # 10a (grammar) Present Simple (NOT VERB TO BE) + Positive form
Lesson # 10b (grammar) Present Simple (NOT VERB TO BE) Negative & Questions
- Vocabulary
Lesson # 5 (Vocabulary) Telling the Time in ENGLISH ( Decir la hora en INGLES)
*** ESTUDIAR TAMBIEN LAS OCUPACIONES EN INGLES (CLICK AQUI)
El examen puede incluir vocabulario extra aun no cubierto en InglesTotal asi que usen diccionario si es
necesario. (GRACIAS A NEW HEADWAY POR EL EXAMEN)
EXAMEN TEST – 3
RESPUESTAS / ANSWERS to the test # 3:
ESCRITO 1.- IMPORTANCIA DE LA PRONUNCIACION EN
INGLES
Importancia de la PRONUNCIACION en INGLES — Actividad de Pronunciación #1 ———–

Artículo # 14
Welcome
Hoy hablaremos de la importancia que tiene la pronunciación en ingles y las razones por las debemos
estudiar pronunciación que es muchas veces obviada por alumnos y también por profesores.
La meta principal que tiene la mayoría de alumnos al aprender un idioma, en este caso inglés, es de poder
llegar a comunicarnos de una manera efectiva. Aprender ingles es aprender una nueva forma de expresar lo
que sentimos y lo que tenemos en mente.
En InglesTotal vamos a empezar una nueva sección y quería dejar en claro las razones por la cual es
necesario estudiar la pronuncíación para que tengamos las metas y objetivos claros.
Veamos juntos algunas razones por las que debemos aprender y practicar la pronunciación
Si el sonido de la palabra no es pronunciada correctamente podría causar confusiones y malentendidos ya que

el receptor entendería incorrectamente. Muchas malentendidos son por causa de una mala pronunciación o
pobre entonación. Para dar solo un ejemplo, si alguien pronuncia las palabras six/sick, eyes/eyes, o sino
fog/fox con poca o ninguna diferencia de sonidos entre si entonces pueden haber errores de comunicación.
La pronunciación es mas que ver como se pronuncian palabras individualmente. Es ver el “word stress” (la
acentuación), la entonación y principalmente lo que llamamos el “word linkng”
El “word linking” es quizás la causa número uno del porque los alumnos al oír una oración no entienden pero
a la hora de leerl lo escuchado ven que es una estructura estudiada y que leyéndolo fácilmente lo entienden.
Esto lleva a frustraciones que impiden al alumno una comunicación fluida. El “word linking” es la unión de
sonidos entre las palabras. Veamos con un ejemplo:
En la oración:“What does she do?” el nativo común diría algo así como “Wha dasshi do?”. Los alumnos
esperan que los nativos hablen y pronuncien palabra por palabra lo cual no sucede a menudo. En InglesTotal
nos enfocaremos bastante en este punto ya que requiere de mucha practica.
Saber que pronunciamos correctamente nos da poder. Cuando sabemos que tenemos una buena
pronunciación queremos hablar e interactuar mas ya que nos sentimos cómodos conversando porque sabemos
que pronunciamos bien. También las personas tienen un concepto positivo de los que tienen una
pronunciación buena. En una entrevista de trabajo, tienden a prestarle mas atención a aquellos de mejor
pronunciación y esto indica que es una ventaja competitiva en el mercado laboral.
Conclusiones
La pronunciación es importante cuando aprendemos ingles ya que nos ayuda a evitar problemas de
comunicación. Uno debe hablar y pronunciar correctamente las palabras ya que una vocal o consonante mal
pronunciada puede llevar a confusiones. Además, nos da confianza para poder conversar y nos ayuda a
entender mejor a los nativos.
En InglesTotal estaremos comenzando la sección “Pronunciación” proximamente y mi deseo es que le den la

misma importancia que a la gramática. Muchos solo esperan por las lecciones de gramática pero es necesario
practicas las demás secciones ya que muchas veces son en ellas que encontramos la respuesta a muchos de
nuestros problemas de comunicación.
ESCRITO 2.- PRONUNCIACION EN PREGUNTAS
Curso de inglés gratis en línea – PRONUNCIACION ACTIVIDAD #2 – Pronunciation activity #2
Present Simple: Pronunciation in questions
Today is our second pronunciation activity and the first one with AUDIO. We are going to talk about the
pronunciation of questions in the present simple. Please remember to practice after the activity. Before we
start be sure to know how to form the present simple - si no saben como formar el present simple favor de ir
a los siguientes links
Present simple
- verb to be
- verb to be question words
- other verbs
- other verbs questions
- uses and structure
As we said in the past article, many students have problems understanding English conversations or listening
activities because they do not practice listening to word that are linked or joined together (word linking).
Today we are going to practice how native speakers joining words together in the present simple.
To be pronunciation in questions
(QW) + {to be + SUBJECT}+ (Complement)
Listen carefully and repeat the following questions.
Are you married?

Is she from Argentina?
Is he your friend
Are they sick?
Notice how the verb to be is linked with the subject and how it is pronounced. Look at the other ways of
pronouncing questions with the verb to be but this time with question words (what, how, where, who etc)

Where are you from?
Where is she from?
Who is he?
You may also use contractions where possible:

Where are you from?
Where’s she from?
Who’s he?
*** Noten como de unen en sonido (word linking) el verbo to be con el pronombre o el Question word con el
verbo. Traten de practicarlo ya que muchas veces uno no entiende preguntas debido a la union de palabras.
Pronunciation with other verbs

(QW) +{ Do/Does + SUBJECT+ Verb} + (Complement)
Listen carefully and repeat the following questions.
Do you smoke?
Does she study English?
Does he live in New York?
Do they like apples?
Notice how the auxiliaries (do/does) is linked with the subject and how it is pronounced. Look at the other
ways of pronouncing questions with the OTHER VERBS but this time with question words.
Where do you live?

What music does she like?
How often does he travel?
*** con otros verbos (verbos que no son ser o estar “to be”) la union se da muchas veces entre los auxiliares
(do/does) y el sujeto (I, You, He etc)

Practice pronouncing the following questions:
1) What time does he wake up? 9) What do they do?
2) Where does she study? 10) How long does he spend in the
shower?
3) Where is she?
11) What music does he like?
4) How often does he go shopping?
12) What kind of movies does she like?
5) How old is she?
13) Is he married?
6) Why do you study English?
14) Why is she sad?
7) Does she smoke?
15) How often do they go dancing?
Where does he live?

Lecciones 1-26

Uploaded by

Document Informationclick to expand document information

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecciones 1-26

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecciones 1-26

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CLASES DE INGLES

Curso BASICO / ELEMENTAL

- Nouns / Subjects / adjectives / verbs / adverbs / complement / modifiers

Examples: John, love, world, picture, Madrid

- The weather was horrible yesterday.

- The bank closed early.

- We have studied English all night.

- She works for IBM company.

Subject Verb Complement Modifier

Lección 2 GRAMATICA (…)

Lección 2 (Curso Básico)

Singular: I , You, He, She It

Plural: We you they

Verb to be (in the present form): am/is/are

2nd you are you’re

3rd He/She/It Is he’s / she’s / it’s

1st We are we’re

2nd You you’ re

3rd They they’re

1St I am + not I’m not

2nd you are + not you’re not / you aren’t

1st We Are +not we’re not / we aren’t

2nd You you’ re not / you aren’t

3rd They they’re not / they aren’t

1St Am I a good student?

2nd Are you married?

3rd Is he/she/it your friend?

1st Are we ready?

2nd you at home

3rd they tired?

Table 4: Short answers (Yes and no answers)

1St Yes, I am No. I’m not

2nd Yes, you are No, you aren’t

No, it isn’t/ No, it’s not

1st Yes, we are No, we’re not / No, we aren’t

Algunos ejercicios de Grammar in Use Basic

LECCION 3: Verb to be with question words:

With no question word:

Are you Maria?

Question Word Verb (to be) Subject Complement

Correcto: Where are you from? (QW goes first)

Typical questions with the above properties:

Preguntas importantes con sus respuestas para aprender:

Where are you from? – I’m from Australia

Ejercicios Gracias a Basic Grammar in use:

Singular Plural Distance

En estos casos son Demonstrative Pronouns pues renombran a un sustantivo (noun)

* Tambien se puede usar para personas:

  Lección 5: Possessive nouns and possessive adjectives

Lección 5 GRAMATICA Possessive forms: Possessive nouns and

Examples of regular nouns:

Example of irregular nouns:

—> man’s (singular) men’s (plural) , child’s children’s …etc.

Possessive nouns with names:

We use of for things, places etc…

II) POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

* FIGURAS Y EJERCICIOS DE GRAMMAR IN USE (Cambridge) Grammar practice (LONGMAN)

Lección 6 There is and there are, to describe that something or someone