Designation: A 27/A 27M – 95 An American National Standard

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS

100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM

Standard Specification for

Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 27/A 27M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures3

1.1 This specification covers carbon steel castings for gen- A 781/A781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy,
eral applications that require up to 70 ksi [485 MPa] minimum Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use3
tensile strength.
3. General Conditions for Delivery
NOTE 1—The grades covered by this specification represent materials 3.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform to
that are suitable for assembly with other steel castings or wrought steel
the requirements of Specification A 781/A 781M, including
parts by fusion welding. It is not intended to imply that all these grades
possess the same degree of weldability or that the same welding any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the
techniques can be used on all castings. It is the responsibility of the purchase order. Failure to comply with the general require-
purchaser to establish for himself a suitable welding technique. ments of Specification A 781/A 781M constitutes nonconfor-
1.2 Several grades and two classes of steel castings are mance with this specification. In case of conflict between the
covered, as indicated below. The grade and class desired shall requirements of this specification and Specification A 781/
be specified by the purchaser. A 781M, this specification shall prevail.
1.2.1 Grade N-1—Chemical analysis only. 4. Ordering Information
1.2.2 Grade N-2—Heat-treated but not mechanically tested.
1.2.3 Grade U-60-30 [415-205]—Mechanically tested but 4.1 Orders for material under this specification should
not heat-treated. include the following information in proper sequence.
1.2.4 Grades 60-30 [415-205], 65-35 [450-240], 70-36 4.1.1 Quantity,
[485-250], and 70-40 [485-275]—Heat-treated and mechani- 4.1.2 Specification, grade (1.2), and class (9.2),
cally tested. 4.1.3 Description of the casting by pattern number or
1.2.5 Class 1 and Class 2 steel castings shall be specified in drawing,
accordance with 9.2. 4.1.4 Options in the specification, and
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units 4.1.5 Supplementary requirements desired, including stan-
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the dards of acceptance.
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each 5. Heat Treatment
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
5.1 All castings of Grades N-2, 60-30 [415-205], 65-35
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
[450-240], 70-36 [485-250], and 70-40 [485-275] shall be
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
heat-treated by full annealing, normalizing, normalizing and
cation. Inch-pound units are applicable for material ordered to
tempering, or quenching and tempering. Unless otherwise
Specification A 27 and SI units for material ordered to Speci-
specified in the inquiry, contract, or order, the castings may be
fication A 27M.
heat-treated by any one or combination of these heat-
2. Referenced Documents treatments at the option of the manufacturer.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5.1.1 Heat-treatment shall be performed after castings have
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing been allowed to cool from the pouring temperature to below
of Steel Products2 the transformation range.
A 732/A732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Car- 5.2 Furnace temperatures for heat-treating shall be regulated
bon and Low-Alloy Steel for General Application, and by the use of pyrometers.
6. Chemical Composition
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel, 6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.18 on Castings.
chemical composition prescribed in Table 1. Product analysis
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1995. Published January 1996. Originally
published as A 27 – 91. Last previous edition A 27/A 27M – 93.
2 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.02.

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 A 27/A 27M
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements

GradeA Composition, %
Carbon,B max Manganese,B max Silicon, max Sulfur, max Phosphorus, max
Grade N-1 0.25 0.75 0.80 0.06 0.05
Grade N-2 0.35 0.60 0.80 0.06 0.05
Grade U-60-30 [415-205] 0.25 0.75 0.80 0.06 0.05
Grade 60-30 [415-205] 0.30 0.60 0.80 0.06 0.05
Grade 65-35 [450-240] 0.30 0.70 0.80 0.06 0.05
Grade 70-36 [485-250] 0.35 0.70 0.80 0.06 0.05
Grade 70-40 [485-275] 0.25 1.20 0.80 0.06 0.05
A
Specify Class 1 or Class 2 in addition to grade designation (see 9.2).
B
For each reduction of 0.01 % carbon below the maximum specified, an increase of 0.04 % manganese above the maximum specified will be permitted to a maximum
of 1.40 % for Grade 70-40 [485-275] and 1.00 % for the other grades.

7.5 Test specimens shall be machined to the form and

tolerances shall conform to the Product Analysis Tolerances dimensions shown in Figs. 4 and 5 of Test Methods and
shown in Specification A 781/A 781M. When residual element Definitions A 370.
chemical content is of interest to the purchaser, S54 may be 7.6 If any specimen is machined improperly or if flaws are
considered. revealed by machining or during testing, the specimen may be
discarded and another substituted from the same heat.
7. Tensile Properties 7.7 When this specification is applied to investment cast-
ings, test coupons and tension test specimens shall be obtained
7.1 Except for Grades N-1 and N-2, one tension test shall be and prepared as directed in S3.2 of Specification A 732/
performed on each heat and the mechanical properties thus A 732M. Test coupons shall be heat treated as prescribed in
determined shall conform to the requirements specified in 7.4.
Table 2. The tension test shall be performed in accordance with
8. Retests
Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
7.2 Test bars shall be poured in special blocks similar to 8.1 If the results of the mechanical tests for any heat, lot, or
casting do not conform to the requirements specified, retests
those shown in Fig. 1 of Specification A 781/A 781M and from
are permitted as outlined in Test Methods and Definitions
the same heat as the casting represented.
A 370. At the manufacturer’s option, castings may be reheat-
7.3 Test coupons may be cut from the heat-treated (if treated and retested. When castings are reheat-treated, they
required) castings or cast integrally with the castings at the may not be reaustenitized more than 3 times without the
producer’s option. approval of the purchaser. Testing after reheat treatment shall
7.4 The test bars for heat-treated castings shall be heat- consist of the full number of specimens taken from locations
treated in production furnaces to the same procedure as the complying with the specification or order.
castings they represent. When specified by the purchaser, the 9. Rework and Retreatment
test bars shall be heat-treated with the castings.
9.1 All welds shall be inspected to the same quality stan-
dards as were used to inspect the casting.
9.2 If postweld heat-treatment is required, Class 1 must be
specified along with the grade, and the welds to be heat-treated
must be defined. If postweld heat-treatment is not required,
Class 2 must be specified along with the grade.
10. Keywords
10.1 castings; general application; steel

TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements

GradeA Tensile Strength, min, Yield Point, min, ksi Elongation in 2 in. Reduction of Area,
ksi [MPa] [MPa] [50 mm], min, %B min, %
Grade U-60-30 [415-205] 60 [415] 30 [205] 22 30
Grade 60-30 [415-205] 60 [415] 30 [205] 24 35
Grade 65-35 [450-240] 65 [450] 35 [240] 24 35
Grade 70-36 [485-250] 70 [485] 36 [250] 22 30
Grade 70-40 [485-275]C 70 [485] 40 [275] 22 30
A
Specify Class 1 or Class 2 in addition to grade designation (see 9.2).
B
When ICI test bars are used in tensile testing as provided for in this specification, the gage length to reduced section diameter ratio shall be 4 to 1.
C
Grade 70-40 [485-275] may be used to meet the requirement of Grade 70-36 [485-250], when agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.

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 A 27/A 27M

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

A list of standardized supplementary requirements for use at the option of the purchaser is described
in Specification A 781/A 781M. Those which are considered suitable for use with this specification are
listed below by title only. Additional supplementary requirements suitable for use with this
specification at the option of the purchaser are described below. One or more of the supplementary
requirements indicated below may be included in the purchaser’s order or contract. When so included,
a supplementary requirement shall have the same force as if it were in the body of the specification.
Supplementary requirements details not fully described shall be agreed upon between the purchaser
and the supplier, but shall not negate any of the requirements in the body of the specification.

S1. Magnetic Particle Examination castings requiring special fixtures for gaging, or finishing
S2. Radiographic Examination castings by grinding to special tolerance gages beyond the
normal requirements as listed in Table 3.
S3. Liquid Penetrant Examination
S4. Ultrasonic Examination S52. Gate and Riser Projections for Castings Made from
S6. Certification Mounted Patterns
S8. Marking S52.1 Castings shall have gates and risers removed in such
S9. Charpy Impact Test a manner that no riser or gate stub projects or a depression is
S10. Hardness Test made beyond or below the casting design contour in an amount
S12. Test Report that would exceed the values given in Table 4.
S13. Unspecified Elements
S53. Weight Deviation for Castings Made from Mounted
S14. Tension Test from Castings Patterns
S51. Permissible Variations in Dimensional Tolerances
S53.1 The allowable deviations from the average casting
for Castings Made from Mounted Patterns
weight are shown in Table 5.
S51.1 Tolerances for commercial steel castings (S51.1.1)
made from mounted patterns and the surfaces that are not to be
machined shall be in accordance with Table 3. Metal match S54. Chemical Analysis for Residual Elements
plate patterns and precise molding methods can produce closer S54.1 The manufacturer shall determine the percentage of
tolerances than the values shown in Table 3. Complex casting elements specified as follows, using procedures specified in
designs may require different permissible variations than those
listed in Table 3.
S51.1.1 The term “commercial castings” does not cover TABLE 4 Gate and Riser Projection Tolerances

TABLE 3 Normally Expected Deviation of Linear Casting

Riser or Gate Maximum Di- Maximum Maximum
Dimensions from Design Dimensions
mension, in. [mm] Projection, Depression,
in. [mm] in. [mm]
Blueprint Dimension, in. [mm] Tolerances, in. [mm]
Up to 4 [100], incl ⁄
18 [3] ⁄
18 [3]
Up to 3 [75], incl +4⁄32 [3] −3⁄32 [2] Over 4 to 8 [100 to 200], incl ⁄
14 [6] ⁄
18 [3]
Over 3 to 7 [75 to 175], incl +5⁄32 [4] −4⁄32 [3] Over 8 to 20 [200 to 500], incl 3⁄8 [10] 1⁄8 [3]
Over 7 to 20 [175 to 500], incl +6⁄32 [5] −5⁄32 [4] Over 20 to 30 [500 to 750], incl 1⁄2 [13] 1⁄4 [6]
Over 20 to 100 [500 to 2500], incl +8⁄32 [6] −6⁄32 [5] Over 30 [750] 3⁄4 [19] 1⁄4 [6]

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 A 27/A 27M
Specification A 781/A 781M. The chemical analysis thus de- TABLE 5 Allowable DeviationA from Average Casting Weight
termined shall conform to the following requirements:
Casting Weight, lb [kg] Positive Negative
Copper, max, % 0.50
Deviation, % Deviation, %
Nickel, max, % 0.50
Molybdenum, max, % 0.25 Up to 100 [45], incl 8.0 8.0
Chromium, max, % 0.50 Over 100 to 500 [45 to 230], incl 6.5 5.0
Over 500 to 10 000 [230 to 4540], incl 5.0 3.0
Over 10 000 [4540] 3.0 2.5
S54.2 Total content of these residual elements, maximum
A
Deviations do not apply to mass as calculated from a design drawing.
percent 1.00.

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