Chapter 2

Chapter 2
FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY
This chapter presents the related literature after the thorough and in-depth search done by the
researchers. This will also present the theoretical and conceptual framework to fully understand the
research to be done.
Review of Literature and Related Studies
Foreign
Schools play a significant role as providers of mental health services for adolescents, however
data on the overall utilization of mental health services in educational settings vs other settings are few
due to the absence of data collected at the national level. (Ali,M., West,K., and Teich,J., et al 2019).
School-based mental health programs have been used to reduce stress, anxiety, and depressive
symptoms among teenagers. This systematic review and meta-goal analysis assessed the effectiveness of
school-based programs aimed at lowering teenagers' internalizing mental health issues. Overall, targeted
interventions showed greater stress reductions than general programs, but overall stress interventions did
not reduce stress symptoms. Anxiety interventions significantly reduced anxiety symptoms, but higher
doses were needed for universal programs. Depression therapies significantly reduced depressive
symptoms, but their effects did not remain (Doliger,S.B., Feiss,R., Merritt,M., et al 2019).
According to Bork, S.J., Mondisa, J. et al (2020) The number of students with serious mental
illnesses has significantly increased, according to college officials. This has had a significant impact on
students' academic, professional, and personal consequences. The authors review research on college
students and mental illness, including obstacles to receiving care. Suggestions for improving campus-
based responses to serious mental illness are presented. Graduate students' mental health is impacted by
particular stresses they face, and their severity and duration of mental health issues may be impacted by
the fact that they are less likely to seek help.
Mental health issues are a major issue in the United States, with two-thirds of people with mental
illness worldwide not receiving professional medical care. However, college students express mental
health concerns, and only one-third of those who have psychological illnesses obtain mental health care.
Lack of knowledge and understanding of on-campus mental health options is a major deterrent for college
students seeking care (Eaker,R., Park,J. Shim,Y.R., et al. 2022).
Based on study of Cleofas, J.V., et al. (2022) This research found that mental health disorders
among college-aged students in the Philippines are increasing, and that social interactions with people in
the classroom have an impact on life quality. Each mental health subscale showed a correlation with
quality of life among the student respondents. Schools must foster a social climate that will enhance
students' mental health and quality of life.
According to Ines, J.V. et al. (2019) Filipino college students wrote a manual on mental health
first-aid techniques explaining that assessing suicidality is the most crucial thing to do to help someone
who may be depressed and that such measures were more beneficial than detrimental for a person
suffering from depression. College students in the Philippines are aware that anyone displaying
depressive symptoms should seek counseling, making it the first treatment on the list of potential
successful therapies. This is likely due to the knowledge of the students and the fact that the study is
being conducted by a counseling office. Additionally, visiting a church and praying are also important for
Filipino college students to battle depressed symptoms, possibly due to their religiosity and or belief in a
higher power.
This paper aims to identify the socio-cultural factors that exacerbate the challenges that Filipino
university students face in their attainment of well-being. Mental health problems such as anxiety and
depression have been rising among university students in the Philippines, and there is a need for a local
framework to understand their vulnerabilities (Alejandria,M.C.P., Casimiro, K.M.D., Gibe,J.A.L., et al
2022).
Local
College students face numerous obstacles and issues, such as the first significant challenge to
their skills and incentives in the classroom, as well as pressures and difficulties in the academic setting.
Despite this, some people consider college to be the pinnacle of their lives, and anxious events make for
unforgettable memories. Students in college experience academic stress due to a variety of factors, such
as parental expectations, personal expectations, and self-actualization (Austria-Cruz,M.C.A. et al 2019).
Theoretical Framework
Creating a cutting-edge framework for school mental health to provide a theoretically
expansive manual for planning and evaluating strategies for student mental health in schools that
are sustainable. Mental health is substituted for intelligence or character education in educational
contexts. This is due to the use of related concepts such as social and emotional learning, moral
education, life skills, emotional literacy, and emotional intelligence. (Cefai et al., 2018a;
O’Reilly et al., 2018; ). Therefore the proposed framework, which is based on existing research
on mental health promotion and prevention, represents school mental health as encompassing
three major domains. The first two concern the promotion of protective factors in mental health,
specifically, social and emotional learning (SEL) and resilience, while the third is the prevention
of social, emotional, and behavioral problems.
(Cavioni et al., 2017; Cefai et al., 2018b; O’Reilly et al., 2018; ) The Wisconsin
Department of Public Instruction has proposed that mental health in school includes practices to
address the continuum from high-level emotional wellbeing to significant student mental health
challenges. Cefai and Cooper (2017), mental health promotion in schools is related to positive
mental health and reduced internalized and externalized conditions, such as anxiety, depression,
substance use, violence, and antisocial behavior.
Reference: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1251771.pdf
Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework of the study is shown in Figure 1 determines the extent of
accommodating campus based mental health assistance in selected students in President Ramon
Magsaysay State University A.Y. 2022-2023.
INPUT OUTPUT
PROCESS
Survey Questionnaire Improve the Mental Health

Profile of the Respondents Statistical Tools
1.1 Age Frequency and Percentage
1.2 Sex of the selected students in
Weighted Mean
1.3 Course
different departments of
President Ramon Magsaysay
State University.
Figure 1. The Paradigm of the Study
Figure 1 presents the paradigm of the study. The INPUT frame consists of the profile of the
respondents such as age, sex, course and academic performance.

The PROCESS frame contains the data gathering methods and statistical tools used in the study.
And the OUTPUT frame, shows the outcome of this study and to identify the accommodation of
campus based mental health assistance and provide interventions.

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Chapter 2

FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY

Review of Literature and Related Studies

the fact that they are less likely to seek help.

students seeking care (Eaker,R., Park,J. Shim,Y.R., et al. 2022).

students' mental health and quality of life.

as parental expectations, personal expectations, and self-actualization (Austria-Cruz,M.C.A. et al 2019).

Creating a cutting-edge framework for school mental health to provide a theoretically

of social, emotional, and behavioral problems.

substance use, violence, and antisocial behavior.

Magsaysay State University A.Y. 2022-2023.

Survey Questionnaire Improve the Mental Health

President Ramon Magsaysay

Figure 1. The Paradigm of the Study

respondents such as age, sex, course and academic performance.

campus based mental health assistance and provide interventions.

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