Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
DOLORES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Dolores Eastern Samar
___________________________________________________________________________

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF GRADE 12

STUDENTS IN DOLORES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

A RESEARCH PROPOSAL

PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF DOLORES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

DOLORES, EASTERN SAMAR PHILIPPINES

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
DOLORES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Dolores Eastern Samar
___________________________________________________________________________

DECLARATION

I declare that the research hereby submitted by us to Dolores National High

School, is our own independent work and has not been previously submitted by us to

another school, university or faculty.

I furthermore cede copyright of this thesis in favor of Dolores National High

School.

We signed this with my free act and deed on the ____ day of January 2023.

Authors
NAME OF
RESEARCHERS
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
DOLORES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Dolores Eastern Samar
___________________________________________________________________________

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In recognition of the invaluable support accorded to the authors in the pursuit

and completion of this study, the researchers wish to express their deepest gratitude

and profound appreciation to the following:

First and foremost, the researchers thank God for giving strength, knowledge,

ability and opportunity to undertake this research study to preserve and complete it

satisfactorily.

The researchers would like to thank their family for the financial support in

finishing their research paper, encouragement and patience for always pushing the

researchers to go further and to do better.

And NAME OF THE RESEARCH TEACHER for his/her patience, valuable

comments and suggestions for the improvement of the manuscript.

To all the researchers closest friends and co-researchers who shared and

supported which have made their research enjoyable during the performance and

also to their respondents for cooperating in answering the survey questionnaire

honestly.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
DOLORES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Dolores Eastern Samar
___________________________________________________________________________

APPROVAL SHEET

The research hereto attached, titled, “FACTORS INFLUENCING THE

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF GRADE 12 STUDENTS IN DOLORES

NATIONAL HIGHSCHOOL”, prepared and submitted by (NAME OF

RESEARCHERS) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Investigation,

Inquiries and Immersion is hereby accepted.

NAME OF THE PROOF

Research Adviser Research Editor/Proofreader

______________________ ______________________
Date Signed Date Signed

Senior High School Research Coordinator SHS Grade 12 Coordinator

______________________ _______________________
Date Signed Date Signed

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree in Senior

High School been examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval.

________________
Research Coordinator
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Education is one of the imperative aspects that not only inculcates the

essential skills abilities and knowledge among the individuals, but also leads to

overall growth and progress of the individuals, community and nation as a whole. An

educated person is not only able to accomplish his/her desired goals and objectives,

but is also able to render an efficient contribution towards the well-being of the

community. The inculcation of academic knowledge, skills, liabilities and proficiency

among the individuals enhance through learning and academic performance. In

secondary schools, there are numerous factors that contribute an important part in

enhancing the academic performance of students. The academic performance

determines the future goals and objectives of students. What subject they will

specialize in colleges, which educational institutions they will get enrolled and

opportunities they could take up and so forth. To determine the academic

performance of the students it includes class participation, class assignments,

homework, tests, examinations and participation in competitions or other events. The

pressures of the parents and other individuals upon teachers and school to come up

with advance strategies. These include promoting extra classes for students

introducing effective teaching learning methods and instructional strategies, using

technology, rewarding students for good performance serves as a motivating factor

and when they achieve low grade, then they usually tend to work more to make

improvements, then they would be motivated to study and improve their academic

performance. Secondary school student belongings to upper class and wealthy

families are aspire to have a good career.

Background of the study

This study aims to investigate the factors influencing the academic performance of
students.

Academic performance of students is a key feature in education (Rono, 2013). It is

considered to be the centre around which the whole education system revolves. Narad and

Abdullah (2016) opined that the academic performance of students determines the success

or failure of any academic institution. Signh, Malik and Signh (2016) also argued that

academic performance of students have a direct impact on the socio-economic development

of a country. Similarly, Farooq, Chaudhry, Shafiq and Behanu (2011), asserted that students’

academic performance serve as a bedrock for knowledge acquisition and the development

of skills. Additionally, Farooq et al., (2011) emphasized that the top most priority of all

educators is academic performance of students. According to Narad and Abdullah (2016)

academic performance is the knowledge gained which is assessed by marks by a teacher

and/or educational goals set by students and teachers to be achieved over a specific period

of time. They added that these goals are measured by using continuous assessment or

examinations results.

According to Dawson, academic performance is the extended to which a student, teacher or

institution has achieved their short or long-term educational goal. Academic performance is

measurable on what you do in school.

Young (1999), held the view that student performance are linked with use of library and

level of their parental education. The use of the library positively affected the student

performance.
Robert & Sampson (2011), found that the member of educational board will be educated

and their impact or school is positive, for professional development it is essential for student

learning.

Nowadays, student academic performance is the common problem that we encounter in

every school level specially Dolores National High School. Academic performance of students

nowadays decreasing when it comes to their grades, students should know the factor

influencing the academic performance.

The research aims to provide a proper understanding about the problem and suggest

practical solution. The study sought to an in depth understanding on the Factors Affecting

the Academic Performance of Grade 12 Students in Dolores National High School.

Statement of the Problem

This study will investigate the effect of academic performance in Grade 12

Students in Dolores National High School.

1. To determine the influencing factors of the respondents towards academic

performance in terms of;

1.1 School Activities

1.2 Financial Problems

1.3 Family Problems

1.4 Peers

1.5 Difficulty of Subject

1.6 Projects

1.7 Assignments

1.8 Disability

1.9 Bullying

2. To determine the academic performance of the respondents in terms of:

90-100 Outstanding

85-89 Very Satisfaction

80-84 Satisfaction

75-79 Fairly Satisfaction

75 Below Did Not Meet Expectation

Theoretical Framework

Multiple Intelligences theory by Howard Gardner ( 1988 ), prefers to describe

cognitive ability as a set of eight intelligences, multiple intelligences according to

Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory, an individual processed in varying strength

and preferences at least eight discrete intelligences, logical mathematical, spatial,

musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic. Gardner’s

theory suggested that the manner in which subjects matter is conveyed will influence

that individuals ability to learn, and that teachers need to take all of these

intelligences into account when planning instruction ( Burraldi, 1996 ).

Charles Spearman proposed a general intelligence Factor G. which underlies

all intelligent behavior. Many scientists still believe in a general intelligence factor that

underlies the specific abilities that intelligence tests measure. Other scientist are

skeptical, because people can score high on one specific ability but show weakness

in others.

Emotional Intelligence as an ability that helps people to perceive, express,

understands and regulates emotion. Other researchers maintain that this ability is a

collection of personality traits such as empathy and extroversion rather than a kind of

intelligence.
Conceptual Framework

Process Output
Input
Factors of Academic Academic
Respondent Profile 1. School Activities Performance
Performance 1. 90-100
2. Family Problems
2. 85-89
3. Peers
3. 80-84
4. Romantic
1. Age 4. 75-89
Relationship
2. Gender 5. 75 Below
5. Difficulty of Subject

6. Assignments

7. Projects

8. Disability

9. Bullying

Factors Influencing the Academic

Performance of Grade 12 Students in
Dolores National High School

Figure1. Profile of Respondents show the factors influencing the academic

performance of Grade 12 Students in Dolores National High School.

Hypothesis

Null Hypothesis

H○: There’s a factors that influence the academic performance of grade 12 students.

Significance of the Study

The researchers conducted this study to determine the Factors Influencing the

Academic Performance of Grade 12 Students in Dolores National High School,

Dolores Eastern Samar.

Furthermore, this study aims to provide significance to the following;

PARENTS- should be aware to help their children financially, morally, and

understand while they go through their studies.

HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS- will know the bad and good effects that they can get

from the factors that could affect their academic performance.

TEACHERS- this study will guide them to approach students who are having

difficulties or problems in their academic performance.

GUIDANCE COUNSILOR- should encourage and give some advice to the students

on how to improve their performance academically.

FUTURE RESEARCHERS- the result of this study can serve as basis for further

study on academic performance.

Scope and Limitations

This study focused only the Factors Influencing the Academic Performance of

Grade 12 Students in Dolores National High School. The researcher used different

kinds of questionnaire to interview the grade 12 students in DNHS in the factors

influencing Academic Performance. The respondents of the study are only the grade

12 students of junior high school students in Dolores National High School during the

SY.2022-2023.

Definition of Terms

 Academic Performance – is the extent to which is the student, teacher or

institution has achieved their short or long-term educational goals.

 School Activities – applies to a wide range of school-based games, strategies

and interactive activities that supports student educational development the

goal of all activities is to enhance students understanding skill of effectiveness

in a specific are by engaging multiple styles of learning.

 Family Problems – if you or your friends are dealing with separation, divorce,

alcoholic, abused, or abusive parents or another family conflict this is the

place to learn more about ways to cope. Every family has problems once in a

while but sometimes family conflict becomes too much.

 Financial Problems – financial problems or financial pressure is a situation

where money worries are causing you stress, many people are facing hard

financial times in the impact of mental health can be significant. These

overcome but you can get help and take steps to improve your situation.

 Peers – look keenly or with difficulty at someone or something.

 Difficulty of Subject – this include the enjoyment of the subject the perceived

usefulness of the subject (e,g for university entrances and for future careers).

Perceive difficulty and ability, and the advice of friends, teachers and parents.

 Assignment – is a legal term used in the context of the law of contract and of

property.

 Projects – a planned piece of work that has a specific purpose ( such as to

find information to make something new ) and that usually requires a lot of

time.

 Disability – a physical, mental, cognitive (developmental condition) that

impairs, interferes with or limits a person’s ability to engaged in certain tasks

or actions or participate in typical daily activities and interactions.

 Bullying – prone to or characterized by overbearing mistreatment and

domination of others.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

In this chapter, the literature review of his study addressing academic

performance includes limited scopes to be discussed in order to understand more the

problem regarding academic performance. Varied definition of cheating and other

forms of academic dishonesty have discussed from different authors.

Related Readings

Many researchers have been done discussing the different factors that affect

the students’ academic performance. There are two types of factors that affect the

students’ academic performance which show that internal and external classroom

factors are strongly affecting the students’ performance.

Internal classroom factors include students’ competence in English, class

schedules, class size, English text books, class test results, learning facilities,

homework, environment of the class, complexity of the course material, teachers’ role

in the class, technology used in the class and examinations system.

External classroom factors include extracurricular activities, family problems,

work and financial, social and other problems. Research studies show that students’

performance depends on many factors such as learning facilities, age and gender

differences and many other factors that can affect student performance.

One of the first studies in the area of language in education in Tanzania was

established by Mvungi (1974). The study demonstrated the importance of language

in the cognitive and emotional development of a child. She pointed out that language

should be taken into account as an important factor in the total structure of education
because it involves the total mental capacity of the child. In another study (Mvungi,

1982) showed the relationship between proficiency in the language of instruction, on

the other hand, and educational performance, on the other hand.

Mlama and Matteru (1977) conducted research from 1976 to1977 that was

commissioned by BAKITA to find out the actual situation in the schools in relation to

the language of instruction. They gave a detailed account of the extent to which

secondary school students’ knowledge of English had deteriorated. This is one of the

very first studies that provided documentary evidence of the language situation which

complaints had been raised. It confirmed the alarm that had been raised about the

existence of a serious language of instruction problem in secondary schools.

(Hansen, Joe B., 2000). Harb and El-Shaarawi (2006) found that the most important

factor which positively support effect on students’ performance is student’s

competence in English. Hussein (2006) said that, “if the students have strong

communication skills have strong grip on English, it increase the performance of

teacher also affects the student performance. The guidance from the parents and the

teachers indirectly affect the performance of the students”.

Foreign Literature

Galiher (2006) and Darling (2005), used GPA to measure student performance

because the main focus in on the student performance for the particular semester.

Some other researchers used tests results or previous. Some other researchers used

test results or previous year result since they are studying performance for the

specific subject or year (Hijazi and Naqvu, 2006 and Hake1998).

Many researchers discussed the different factors that affect the student

academic performance in their research. There are two types of factors that affect the

student academic performance. These are internal and external classroom factors

and these factors strongly affect the students’ performance. Internal classroom

factors include student’s competence in English, class schedules, class size, English

text books, and class test results learning facilities.

Karemera (2003), found that student’s performance is significantly correlated

with satisfaction with academic environment and the facilities of library, computer lab

and etc. in the institution. With regards to background variables, he found a positive

effect of high school performance and school achievement he found no statistical

evidence of significant association between family income level and academic

performance of the student.

Robert and Sampson (2011), found that the member of educational board will

be deducted and their impact on school is positive, for professional development it is

essential for student learning.

Local Literature

Noble (2006), student academic accomplishments and activities, perceptions of their

coping strategies and positive attributions, and background characteristics (i,e., firmly

income, parent’s level of education, guidance from parents and number of negative

situations in the home) were indirectly related to their composite scores, through

academic achievement in high school.

The students face a lot of problems in developing positive study attitudes and

study habits. Proper guidance of a student can improve his study attitudes and study

habits and is directly proportional to academic achievement. The students who are

properly guided by their parents have performed well in the exams.

Socio-economic factors like attendance in the class, family income, and

mother’s and father’s education, teacher-student and distance of school are also

affected the performance of the students (Raychauduri et al., 2010).

Kerna, Bogart and Wheat (2011), academic success of graduate student will

be enhanced if the optimal health related barriers are low. There is negative

relationship between college credit and stress but weak relationship between GPA

(Grade Point Average) and teacher also affects the student performance. The

guidance from the parents and the teachers indirectly affect the performance of the

students (Hussain, 2006)

Foreign Study

Amitava Raychaudhuri, et al., (July 2010), found that numerous studies have

been done to identify those factors which are affecting students’ academic

performance. The student’s academic performance depends on a number of socio-

economic factors like students attendance in the class, family income, mother’s and

father’s education, teacher-student ratio, presence of trained teacher in school, sex

of the student and distance of schools.

Young (1999), held the view that student performance is linked with use of the

library and level of their parental education. The use of the library and level of their

parental education is positively affected the student performance. The academic

environment is the effective variable for students and has positive relationships with

father’s education and grade level (Kirmani & Siddiquah, 2008).

Local Study

Alegria(2017),found that factors affecting the students’ academic performance.

Some are home, school, teacher and student factors. Most of the factors are home

related: family size, financial burden, works at home, parental attitude towards

education and parenting style. When it comes to school, the relationship between the

teacher and the students and the distance of the school from home are some factors

that affect. However, the student contributes to the case particularly the peer group

influence. It reflects the student’s values and priorities when it comes to the life’s

choices. For example, the choice to study hard gives a focus on the study. The

teacher qualities and capabilities also affect the performance of the students in their

studies. Some of the attributes of the teacher like teaching experience, teacher
attitude towards students, and teacher training can highly affect the student

perception on the study.

Parents play a very important role in the process. They should affect their

presence and availability in times that the learners need their presence. They should

support and sustain the studies of their children through financial stability. But more

than that is the affection, the love, and care that the students must feel so that they

will be inspired to go further in their studies. “A student educational success

contingent heavily on social status of students’ parents/guardians in the society“

Graetz (1995). In the same perception, the parent’s income or social status can

positively affect the student’s performance in the school.

The geographical location of the school is another factor that affects the

students’ performance. The school setting must be accessible to the transportation

and other public amenities that add comfort to the ways of life. Effort and initiative is

another factor being considered as well as the age of the student. Moreover, the

learning preferences of the learners must also be put into the limelight.

The aptitude or the learners’ skill must be honed and well directed because the

student progress will depend on how their interest is tapped and developed. Multi-

intelligences should be strengthened to give justice as to what the learners are

inclined into. The academic performance of the learners must therefore be viewed on

the aforementioned factors and may this article provide some ideas for some

corrective and tangible measures that would lead to the understanding of the issue.
Justification of the Present Study

Students’ academic performance is an important subject to all stakeholders in

the education sector. As a result, several studies have been conducted to assess

factors that contribute to students’ academic performance. However, there is

inadequate material to explain factors contributing to improvement in the academic

performance of student in Gomoa Manso Basic School (Nkrumah, 2017).

Generally, their academic performance is below average and this affect the

students, teachers, parents and all other stakeholders. It is therefore important that

educators and researchers conduct studies to find all the key factors which can help

to improve their academic performance.

Several studies have been conducted in different countries to assess the

factors which contribute to academic performance of students at different levels. In

Pakistan, Farooq and Berhanu (2011) found that parents’ education and socio-

economic status have significant effect on a student’s academic performance in

Mathematics and English Language. A study conducted by Jayanthi, Balakrishnan,

Ching, Latiff and Nasirudeen (2014) in Singapore reveled that the interest in pursuing

a subject, co-curricular activities, nationality of a student and gender affect the

academic performance of the student. Additionally, Sibanda, Iwu and Olumide (2015)

found that regular study, punctuality in school and self-motivation are the key

determining factors which influence students’ academic performance in South Africa.

Ali, Munir, Khan and Ahmed (2013) also found that daily study hours, parents

student’s socio-economic status and age have a significant impact on academic

performance. Moreover, Catherine (2015) found that socio-economic status of

parents especially those with high incomes has a significant impact on academic

performance of students within the Kitale Municipality of Kenya.

 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter includes the research methodology of the desertion. It details in

this the research design and procedure, locale of the study, data gathering

procedure, determination of the sample and statistical treatment.

Research Design and Procedure

A descriptive research design was used in this research study. This research

study determined the demographic profile, socio-economic, and aptitude of students

in Dolores National High School and to identify the factors influencing the academic

performance of students in their class.

Research Locale

The locale of this study is Dolores National High School. Most of students

especially in Grade 12 Students of Dolores National High School have low in their

average when it comes to academic performance. But despite of this, the

researchers can see that the number of grade 12 students was decreasing.

Therefore, the researcher wanted to find out if what is the factor influencing in their

academic performance.

Population, Sample size & Sampling technique

The respondent of this study is grade 12 students that are presently enrolled at

Dolores National High School. The total population of Grade 12 students was __. The

researchers used Slovin Formula to determine the sample size of respondents which

is (NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS) with confidence level of 95%.

Description of respondents

The (NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS) grade 12 respondents of this study

composed of __ male and ___ females. Therefore, the researchers picked __

respondents per section. The researchers choose grade 12 students to know the

status of the Academic Performance of Grade 12 students in Dolores National High

School.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers asked permission from the subject teachers of the

respondents through formal letter, the questionnaire was distributed among

(NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS) grade 12 students. Upon the approval, the

researchers conducted the study inside the Dolores National High School. Then the

researchers distributed the questionnaire to the respondents. After collecting the

answered questionnaire, the researchers analyzed the collected data and information

from the respondents.

Research Instruments

The respondents of this research study are the Grade 12 Students of Dolores

National High School. This study is limited only to the randomly selected (NUMBER

OF RESPONDENTS) grade 12 students. The researcher utilized the stratified

random sampling technique since the study does not involve any special cases this

the stratified random sampling technique in selecting the respondents will not

compromise the quality of the study.

Statistical Treatment

The data were subjected to statistical treatment in order to help the

researcher interpret the results of the study.

To field out the distribution of the respondents according to the given criteria

in the statement of the problem, the percentage was used.

1. Percentage – is a display of data that specifies the percentage of observations

that exist for each data point or grouping of data point or grouping of data points. It

used to provide meaningful description of profiles of the respondents and to aid the

comprehension of data, the formula is.

f
p= x 100 Where in p = percentage
n

f = frequency

n = total number of respondent

2. Ranking – is a question response formal used when a researcher is interested in

establishing some type of priority among a set of objects, whether they be policies,

attributes, organizations, individuals, or some other topic or property of interest. This

was utilized in arranging the data in an array which is from the highest to lowest.
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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
DOLORES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Dolores Eastern Samar
___________________________________________________________________________

Dear Ma’am/Sir,

Good Day!

We are Grade 12 students section ___________ under the strand of HUMMS

(Humanities and Social Sciences) the advisory class of (NAME OF RESEARCH

TEACHER). We would like to ask permission to allow our group to conduct a survey

among Grade 12 students in Dolores National High School. This is in view of our

Practical Research II entitled “Factors Influencing the Academic Performance of

Grade 12 students in Dolores National High School”. We will assure that we will

avoid disruption of classes.

Sincerely Yours,

__NAME OF RESEARCHERS__________

Noted by:

__________________________

Research Adviser
Survey Questionnaire

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF GRADE 10

STUDENTS IN DOLORES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Name: _______________________________ Gender: ______________

Age: ______ Section: ______________

Direction: Read each statement and put a check in the box and answer the question
honestly.

1. My peer motivates me to study?

Yes No

2. My grades improve when I listen to my teacher?

Yes No

3. My bully classmates my academic performance?

Yes No

4. Difficult subject affects my academic performance?

Yes No

5. Activities in school affect my grade?

Yes No

6. Lack of
in school?

Yes No

7. My parent/guardian situation affects my academic performance in school?

Yes No

8. Physical disabilities affect my academic performance?

Yes No

9. Lack of assignment affects my grade?

Yes No

10. Projects affect my performance in school?

Yes No

11. Lack of books in the facilities affects my academic performance?

Yes No

12. Congestion of classroom affects my academic

performance?

Yes No

13. Lack of books/learning materials affects my academic performance?

Yes No

14. Lack of ICT facilities affects my academic performance?

Yes No

15. My teacher attitude affects my academic performance?

Yes No

16. Study habits affect my academic performance?

Yes No

17. My interests in the subject affect my academic performance?

Yes No

18. Instructional materials affect my academic performance?

Yes No

19. Teaching strategy of my teacher affect my academic

performance?

Yes No

20. My classmate attitude affects my academic performance?

Yes No