Unit-10 New

BDwbU
HwZnvwmK weeZ© b : cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j evsjv (1947-1971)

10
f~wgKv
1947 mv‡ji AvM÷ gv‡m cvwK¯Ívb ivóª cÖw Zôvi K‡qK gv‡mi g‡a¨B evsjv fvlv‡K
†K›`ª K‡i fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi m~ÎcvZ nq| fvlv Av‡›`vjb wQj evOvwj RvZxqZvev`x
†PZbv weKv‡ki cÖ_g c`‡¶c| `xN© `y'‡kv eQi Bs‡iR kvmb I †kvl‡Yi ci fviZ I
cvwK¯Ívb bv‡gi `yÕwU Avjv`v iv‡óªi Rb¥ nq| agx©q msL¨vMwiôZvi wfwË‡Z evsjv AÂj
`yÕfv‡M wef³ n‡q hvq| KjKvZvmn wn›`y msL¨vMwiô AÂj fvi‡Zi Aax‡b Ges
XvKvmn c~e © evsjvi gym wjg msL¨vMwiô AÂj cvwK¯Í v‡bi AšÍf©y ³ nq| wKš‘ cvwK¯Ívb
ivóªwU †ewk w`b ch©šÍ ALÛ _vK‡Z cv‡iwb| cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZôvi ci †_‡KB cwðg cvwK¯Í vwb
kvmK‡Mvôx msL¨vMwiô evOvwji AwaKvi ni‡Yi †Póvq wjß nq| cÖvq †ò nvRvi
wK‡jvwgUv‡ii AwaK †fŠ‡MvwjK eëavb wb‡q m„ó bZzb iv‡óªi ¶gZvai e¨w³iv wQ‡jb
cwðg cvwK¯Í v‡bi D`y© fvlx †bZv| †m mg‡qi c~e© cvwK¯Í vb A_©vr AvR‡Ki evsjv‡`‡ki
gvby‡li cÖw Z Zv‡ì †Kvb mnvby f~wZ wQj bv| Zviv ïay G †`k‡K †kvlY Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj|
cvwK¯Ív‡bi †gvU Rb‡Mvôxi 56.40% gy‡Li fvlv evsjv nIqv m‡Ë¡I msL¨vjwNó gvÎ
3.27% Rb‡Mvôxi fvlv D`©y‡ K cwðg cvwK¯Í vwb kvmK‡Mvôx ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e Pvwc‡q
w`‡Z †P‡qwQj| RbmsL¨vi w`K †_‡K msL¨vMwiô nIqv m‡Ë¡I c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖwZ
Av_©-mvgvwRK, ivR‰bwZK I cÖkvmwbK êlg¨ G AÂ‡ji Rbg‡b cÖej Am‡šÍv‡li m„wó
K‡i| d‡j ïjy†_‡KB ¯^ vwaKv‡ii cÖ‡kœ GB AÂ‡ji RbMY‡K Av‡›`vj‡b Suvwc‡q co‡Z
nq| m~wPZ nq fvlv Av‡›`vjb| 1948 mv‡j msL¨vMwiô gvby‡li gZvgZ D‡c¶v K‡i
D`©y fvlv‡KB ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Kiv nq| cÖ_‡gB cÖwZev` gyLi n‡jv evOvwj
eyw×Rxex mgvR| Zviv GB Ab¨vq êlg¨g~jK wm×v‡šÍi cÖwZev` Rvbvq| Gfv‡eB fvlv
Av‡›`vj‡bi m~ÎcvZ| mviv †`ke¨vcx Av‡›`vjb M‡o D‡V| 1952 mv‡ji 21 †deªyqvwi
c„w_ex‡Z fvlvi Rb¨ cÖ_g knx` n‡jb mvjvg, eiKZ, iwdK, ReŸvimn A‡b‡K| i‡³i
wewbg‡q c~e©e vsjv AR©b K‡i fvlvi AwaKvi| Z_vwc c~e© vÂ‡ji cÖw Z cvwK¯Í vwb kvmK‡ì
bxwZi †Kvb cwieZ©b nqwb| d‡j c~e©e vsjvq Av‡›`vjb we¯Í…w Z jvf K‡i| GiB c_ a‡i
`vbv evu‡a Qq `dv I GMvi `dvi Av‡›`vjb| cwiYwZ‡Z msNwUZ nq 1969-Gi MY-
Af~¨Ìvb| cvwK¯Ívwb kvmbh‡š¿i nvbv`vi evwnbx wbi¯¿ c~e© cvwK¯Í vwb‡ì Dci Suvwc‡q
c‡o| gyw³hy‡×i g‡a¨ w`‡q wek¦ gvbwP‡Î ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi Afy¨`q N‡U|
cvV
fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi cUf~wg
1
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb 
 fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi cUf~wg eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 evsjv fvlv ms¯‹vi KwgwU m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 mvs¯‹…wZK cÖ wZôvb cÖwZôv I Zv‡ì Ae`vb e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq I‡cb ¯‹zj
wØRvwZ Z‡Ë¡i wfwË‡Z 1947 mv‡ji 14 AvM÷ cvwK¯Í vb iv‡óªi m„wó| c~e© I cwðg
cvwK¯Ív‡bi g‡a¨ fvlv, b„ ZË¡, BwZnvm, HwZn¨, ms¯‹…w Z, †fŠ‡MvwjK cwi‡ek,
Lv`¨vf¨vmmn mKj †¶‡Î we¯Íi eëavb wQj| wKš‘ GZ eëavb _vKv m‡Ë¡I ïay a‡g©i
wfwË‡Z cÖ vq †ò nvRvi wK‡jvwgUv‡ii AwaK eëav‡b Aew¯’Z cwðg cvwK¯Í v‡bi m‡½
c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K AšÍf©y³ K‡i GKwU Amg ivóª M‡o †Zvjv nq| d‡j cvwK¯Í vb bvgK GB
bZzb iv‡óªi kvmK‡Mvôx cÖ_‡gB evOvwj‡K †kvlY Kivi †KŠkj wn‡m‡e evsjv fvlvi Ici
AvNvZ nv‡b| evOvwj RvwZ gvZ…fvlvi Ici AvNv‡Zi weiæ‡× Zvr¶wYK cÖwZwµqv e¨³
K‡i|
cvwK¯Ívb ivóª m„wói c~‡e©B cvwK¯Í v‡bi ivóª fvlv wb‡q weZK© ïjynq | 1947 mv‡ji 17
†g gymwjg jx‡Mi cÖfvekvjx †bZv †PŠayix LvwjKz¾ vgvb Ges GKB eQi RyjvB gv‡m
AvjxMo wek¦we`¨vj‡qi DcvPvh© W. wRqvDwÏb Avng` cvwK¯Í v‡bi ivóª fvlv wn‡m‡e
D`©y‡K MÖn‡Yi c‡¶ gZ †`b| W. gynv¤§` knx`yjøvnmn †ek K‡qKRb evOvwj †jLK,
eyw×Rxex Gi cÖwZev` K‡ib Ges evsjvi c‡¶ e³e¨ †`b| c~e© evsjvq QvÎ I wkw¶Z
mgvR ivóªfvlv evsjvi c‡¶ cÎ-cwÎKvq gZvgZ cÖ Kvk Ki‡Z ïiyK‡ib|
eyw×Rxex‡ì cvkvcvwk Gmg‡q c~e© evsjvq MwVZ wewfbœ msMVbI GB wel‡q ¸jyZ¡c~Y©
f~wgKv iv‡L| cvwK¯Ívb ivóª m„wó nIqvi ci ciB XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi c`v_©weÁvb
wefv‡Mi Aa¨vcK Aveyj Kv‡k‡gi †bZ…‡Z¡ ZgÏyb gRwjk MwVZ nq| GwUB wQj fvlv
Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖ_g msMVb| GB msMV‡bi D‡`¨v‡M 1947 mv‡ji 15 †m‡Þ¤î fvlv
Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖ_ g cy w ¯Í Kv ÔcvwK¯Í v‡bi ivóª fvlv evsjv bv D`© y Õ cÖ KvwkZ nq| GB
cyw¯Í KvwU‡Z ivóª fvlv evsjvi `vwei c‡¶ hyw³ Dc¯’ vcb Kiv nq| fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_
RwoZ wQj evOvwji ms¯‹…wZ, ivR‰bwZK Ges A_©‰bwZK ¯^v‡_©i cÖkœ hv GB Av‡›`vj‡bi
cUf~ wg wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡Q|
fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi mvs¯‹…wZK cUf~wg
fvlvi Ici AvNvZ GKwU RvwZ Ges Zvi ms¯‹…wZi Ici AvNv‡ZiB kvwgj| evOvwj
RvwZmËv‡K aŸsm K‡i †`qvi Rb¨B evsjv fvlvi Ici AvNvZ Kiv n‡qwQj| cvwK¯Í vwb
kvmK‡Mvôx cÖ_g †_‡KB c~e© evsjvi mv‡_ êlg¨g~jK AvPiY ïjyK‡i| d‡j RbMY‡K
cÖwZ‡iva Av‡›`vj‡b Suvwc‡q co‡Z nq| cÖwZ‡iva Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖ_g ch©v‡q LyeB
¸jyZ¡c~Y© n‡q ùvovq mvs¯‹…w ZK cÖkœ| ivR‰bwZK I A_©‰bwZK w`K¸‡jv c‡ii w`‡K ¸jyZ¡
†c‡qwQj †ewk| evsjv fvlvi Dci Avµg‡Yi wejy‡× M‡o IVv Av‡›`vjb cÖ wZ‡iva
Av‡›`vj‡bi †K›`ª n‡q I‡V|
fvlvi g‡a¨ Bmjvgx iƒc dzw U‡q †Zvjvi †Póv
1947 wLª÷v‡ã cvwK¯Í vb ivóª R‡b¥i ci gymwjg jx‡Mi i¶Ykxj Ask c~e© evsjvi
¶gZvq e‡m Ô†i‡bmuv †mvmvBwUÕ I ÔmvwnZ¨ msm`Õ MVb K‡i mvwnZ¨ ms¯‹…wZi †¶‡Î GK
we‡kl ai‡bi bxwZ MÖnY K‡i| cÖ_‡gB Zviv evsjv fvlvi g‡a¨ GKwU Bmjvgx iƒc
dzwU‡q †Zvjvi Rb¨ cÖPzi Aviwe-dvwm© kã eënv‡i Drmvn w`‡Z _v‡Kb| Aviwe ni‡d
evsjv †jLvi B”QvI ZLb †NvlYv Kiv nq| 1947 wLª÷vã †_‡KB †K›`ª xq miKvi evsjv
fvlvq Aviwe nid Pvjyi †Póv K‡i| Gici Aviwe‡Z evsjv wk¶v †`qv ïjynq| Pvjy nq
G ai‡bi A‡bK¸‡jv wk¶v‡K›`ª| †mLv‡b eq¯‹ QvÎ‡ì webvg~‡j¨ Aviwe ni‡di eB
†Ìqv n‡Z _v‡K| c~e©evsjvi RbMY wKQzw`‡bi g‡a¨B cvwK¯Í vwb‡ì Amvay D‡Ïk¨
GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  229

eyS‡Z cv‡i| cvwK¯Í vwb kvmK‡Mvôx c~e©evsjvi wbR¯^ ms¯‹…wZ‡K aŸsm Kivi †Póvq wjß
nq| d‡j miKv‡ii Amr D‡Ï‡kï wejy‡× cÖej RbgZ m„wó n‡Z _v‡K| cÖ_‡g GwM‡q
Av‡m c~e© cvwK¯Í vb gymwjg jx‡Mi Ôfvlv KwgwUÕ| GB KwgwUi e³e¨ wQj, c~e© evsjvi
gvbyl‡K Awkw¶Z evbv‡bvi Rb¨B kvmK‡ì GB lohš¿| cÖej wb›`v Rvbvq ÔcvwK¯Ívb
ZgyÏyb gRwjkÕ| cÖwZev‡` †d‡U c‡o XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi evsjv wefv‡Mi QvÎ-QvÎxmn
A‡b‡KB|
evsjv fvlv ms¯‹vi KwgwU
c~e© evsjvi RbM‡Yi Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L cÖv‡`wkK miKvi 1949 wLª÷v‡ãi gvP© gv‡m evsjv
fvlv ms¯‹v‡ii Rb¨ gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` AvKig Lu v‡K mfvcwZ Ges Kwe †Mvjvg
†gv¯Ídv‡K m¤úv`K K‡i GKwU ms¯‹vi KwgwU MVb K‡i| †ò eQi e¨vcK Avjvc
Av‡jvPbvi ci KwgwU miKv‡ii Kv‡Q wi‡cvU© †ck K‡i| GB wi‡cv‡U© evsjv fvlv,
e¨vKiY I eY©gvjvi cÖPzi ms¯‹v‡ii civgk© †`qv nq| bZzb fvlvi bvgKiY nq ÔmnR
evsjvÕ| KwgwU †ivgvb ev D`y© ni‡d evsjv †jLvi cÖkœ‡ K Kgc‡¶ wek eQ‡ii Rb¨ ¯’wMZ
ivLvi civgk© †`q| G mg‡qi g‡a¨ D`y© fvlv‡KI cÖ‡qvRbxq ms¯‹v‡ii AvnŸvb Rvbvq|
GB wi‡cvU©w U cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôxi cQ›` nqwb e‡jB Zv †kl ch©šÍ cÖ KvwkZ nqwb|
mvs¯‹…wZK cÖ wZôvb cÖwZôv
fvlv I ms¯‹…w Zi cÖ‡kœ ïjy†_‡KB †h Av‡jvob m„wó nq Zvi ga¨ †_‡K Rb¥ wb‡Z _v‡K
A‡bK mvs¯‹…wZK cÖ wZôvb| ZgÏyb gRwj‡ki D‡`¨v‡M fvlv Av‡›`vjb‡K ivR‰bwZK
iƒc`v‡bi Rb¨ 1947 mv‡ji A‡±vei gv‡m MwVZ nq cÖ_g Ôivóª fvlv msMÖvg cwil`Õ|
Gi AvnŸvqK g‡bvwbZ nb XvKv wek¦ we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK b~jyj nK fu~Bqv| 1951 mv‡j
XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q Ôms¯‹…wZ msm`Õ bv‡g Av‡iKwU mvs¯‹…wZK cÖw Zôv‡bi m„wó nq| GB
msMVbwU µ‡g c~e©evsjvi ivR‰bwZK I mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡›`vj‡bi †K›`ªwe›`y‡Z cwiYZ
n‡qwQj| 1952 mv‡ji †klw`‡K Avbyô vwbKfv‡e MwVZ nq ÔcvwK¯Ívb mvwnZ¨ msm`Õ|
msm‡ì wbqwgZ cvw¶K mvwnZ¨ mfv emZ| G mg¯Í msMV‡bi ZrciZvi ga¨ w`‡q fvlv
cÖ‡kœi ¸jyZ¡ gvby‡li Kv‡Q ¯úó n‡Z _v‡K| Zviv ey S‡Z cv‡i ivóªfvlv evsjv bv n‡j
c~e©evsjvq me ai‡bi Dbœw Z †_‡g hv‡e| ZgyÏyb gRwjk cyw¯Í Kv cÖKvk K‡i Rvwb‡q †`q
c~e©evsjvi wk¶vi evnb, AvBb Av`vjZ I Awd‡mi fvlv evsjv Ki‡Z n‡e|
Gfv‡e fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi GKwU mvs¯‹…w ZK †cÖ¶ vcU ˆZwi n‡q hvq| hvi kw³i Dci
ùvwo‡q iƒc jvf K‡i HwZnvwmK fvlv Av‡›`vjb Ges 1952 mv‡ji 21 †deªyqvwi‡Z
P~ovšÍ we‡ùviY N‡U|
mvi-ms‡¶c cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¥jMœ †_‡KB GKwU mvs¯‹…wZK cÖ wZ‡iva †_‡K fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi m~ÎcvZ
n‡qwQj| cvwK¯Ívb ivóª cÖwZôvi ïjy†_‡KB cvwK¯Ívwb kvmKiv c~e©e vsjvi ms¯‹…wZ‡K aŸsm
Kivi †Póv ïjyK‡i| G †`‡ki ivóªfvlv evsjvi cwie‡Z© Zviv D`y© Ki‡Z Pvq| Avi G
D‡Ïk¨ mvg‡b †i‡L wewfbœ bxwZ wba©viY Ki‡Z _v‡K| G‡`‡ki gvby‡li Kv‡Q GB Amr
D‡Ïk¨ cÖKvk †c‡q hvq| d‡j ax‡i ax‡i Rb¥ †bq A‡bK mvs¯‹…wZK cÖw Zôvb| Gme
cÖwZôv‡bi ZrciZvq gvby‡ li m‡PZbZv e„w× cvq| Zviv cÖwZev`gyLi n‡q I‡V| GiB
cwiYwZ‡Z msNwUZ nq fvlv Av‡›`vjb|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb t 10.1

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
 1. Aviwe ni‡d evsjv †jLv Pvjy Kivi †Póv †bqv nq 
K. 1947 wLª÷v‡ã L. 1948 wLª÷v‡ã
M. 1952 wLª÷v‡ã N. 1951 wLª÷v‡ã
2. ivóªfvlv evsjv Kivi c‡¶ cÖ_g GwM‡q Av‡m 
K. mvs¯‹…w ZK msm` L. cvwK¯Í vb ZgyÏyb gRwjk
M. cvwK¯Í vb mvwnZ¨ msm` N. evsjv fvlv ms¯‹vi KwgwU
3. evsjv fvlv ms¯‹v‡ii Rb¨ fvlv KwgwU MVb Kiv nq 
K. 1948 wLª÷v‡ã L. 1949 wLª÷v‡ã
M. 1952 wLª÷v‡ã N. 1969 wLª÷v‡ã
msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ
 1. evsjv fvlv‡K aŸsm Kivi Rb¨ cvwK¯Ívb miKvi Kx c`‡¶c wb‡qwQj|

2. fvlv ms¯‹vi KwgwUi f~wgKv e¨vL¨v Kjyb|
3. fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi c~‡e© MwVZ wewfbœ mvs¯‹…w ZK cÖw Zôv‡bi cwiPq w`b|
cvV
evqvbœi fvlv Av‡›`vjb
2
D‡Ïk¨
 fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi m~Pbv Kxfv‡e n‡qwQj Zv eY©b v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 me©`jxq ivóª fvlv msMÖ vg cwil` MVb I Gi f~wgKvi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 21†k †deªqy vwii P~ovšÍ Av‡›`vjb m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
ivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil` MVb
1937 mvj †_‡K fvlv weZK© ïiæ nq| 1947 mv‡ji K_v Av‡M D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
ZgÏyb gRwj‡mi D‡`¨v‡M- 1947 mv‡ji wW‡m¤î gv‡m Ôivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil`Õ MwVZ
nq| Gi AvnŸvqK g‡bvbxZ nb b~jyj nK f~uBqv| cieZ©xKv‡j G D‡Ï‡k¨ AviI K‡qKwU
KwgwU MwVZ nq| wKš‘ cÖ v_wgK ch© v‡q ZgÏyb gRwj‡mi MwVZ cÖ_g msMÖvg cwil`wU
¸jyZ¡c~Y© f~ wgKv cvjb K‡i| 1948 wLª÷v‡ãi 1 †deªyqvwi msMÖvg cwil‡ì mv‡_
Av‡jvPbvi ci wk¶vgš¿x dRjyi ingvb Avk¦ vm †`b †h, gvwb AW© vi, dig, WvKwUwKU I
gy`ªvq Bs‡iwR-D`y©i cvkvcvwk evsjvq †jLv n‡e| cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖavbgš¿x wjqvKZ Avjx
Lvb 18 b‡f¤î XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q †`qv e³…Zvq my‡KŠk‡j D`©y‡ K GKgvÎ ivóªfvlv Kivi
†NvlYv w`‡j QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ n‡Z ÔbvÕ ÔbvÕ aŸwb m¤^wjZ cÖwZev` I‡V|
me©`jxq ivóª fvlv msMÖ vg cwil` MVb
1948 mv‡ji †deªyqvwi‡Z ivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil` GK Awa‡ek‡b wbgœ ch©vq †_‡K D”P
gva¨wgK ch© vq ch©šÍ wk¶vi gva¨g wn‡m‡e evsjv‡K MÖn‡Yi cÖ ¯vÍ e MÖnY K‡i| 23

†deªyqvwi MYcwil‡ì Awa‡ek‡b Ks‡MÖm `jxq m`m¨ ax‡i›`ªbv_ `Ë D`©y I Bs‡iwRi

cvkvcvwk evsjv‡KI MYcwil‡ì Ab¨Zg fvlv wn‡m‡e eënv‡ii `vwe DÌvcb K‡ib|
wKš‘ gymwjg jx‡Mi m`m¨‡ì †fv‡U Zv AMÖvn¨ nq| GB msev` XvKvq †cŠQz‡j G‡`‡ki
QvÎ I wkw¶Z mgvR cÖw Zev`gyLi n‡q c‡o| Zviv ey S‡Z cv‡i gvZ… fvlvi gh©v`v ivL‡Z
n‡j HKë× msMÖv‡gi cÖ‡qvRb| 26 I 29 †deªyqvwi XvKvi mg¯Í wk¶v cÖw Zôv‡b ag©NU
cvwjZ nq| 2 gvP© QvÎmgvR †`‡ki e‡iY¨ eyw×Rxex‡ì Dcw¯’w Z‡Z wØZxqev‡ii g‡Zv
ivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil` MVb K‡i| G cwil‡ì AvnŸvqK g‡bvbxZ nb kvgmyj Avjg|
ïjyn‡q hvq G‡Ki ci GK Av‡›`vj‡bi Kg©m~wP| beMwVZ cwil` 11 gvP© niZvj
AvnŸvb K‡i| niZvj PjvKv‡j †kL gywReyi ingvb, kvgmyj Avjgmn 69 Rb‡K
†MÖdZvi Kiv nq| G NUbvi cÖw Zev‡` 13-15 gvP© XvKvi mg¯Í wk¶v cÖw Zôv‡b ag©NU
cvwjZ nq| Av‡›`vjb Zxeª Zi n‡j bvwRgyw&Ïb 15 gvP© QvÎ msMÖ vg cwil‡ì m‡½ 8`dv
Pzw³‡Z †MÖdZviK…Z‡ì gyw³, Z`šÍ KwgwU MVb, wk¶vi gva¨g evsjv I eë¯’vcK mfvq
ivóªfvlv msµvšÍ welq DÌvc‡b ivwR nb| wKš‘ 6 GwcÖj c~e©evsjv eë¯’ vcK cwil‡ì
Awa‡ek‡b bvwRgywÏb msMÖvg cwil‡ì m‡½ 15 gv‡P©i Pzw³ f½ K‡i D`©y‡ K c~e© evsjvi
miKvwi fvlv I wk¶vi gva¨g Kivi cÖ¯vÍ e K‡ib| cwil‡ì we‡ivax `‡ji cÖw Zev‡ì
d‡j cÖ¯ÍvewU cwil‡` DÌvwcZ n‡jI ev¯Íe vqb nqwb|
†gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœ vni K‡Vvi bxwZ
1948 mv‡ji 19 gvP© cvwK¯Í v‡bi Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœ vn& XvKvq Av‡mb|
21 gvP© igbvi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b GK Rbmfvq Ges 24 gvP© KvR©b n‡j Abyw ôZ XvKv
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi mgveZ©b Abyôv‡b †NvlYv K‡ib ÔD`y©B Ges GKgvÎ D`©yB n‡e cvwK¯Ív‡bi
ivóªfvlvÕ| Dcw¯’ Z QvÎiv Ôbv bvÕ aŸwb w`‡q Gi cÖwZev` Rvbvq| Av‡›`vjbKvix‡ì wZwb
K‡Vvi mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib| wRbœvni G †NvlYv c~e© evsjvi Rbg‡b Zxeª Am‡šÍv‡li m„wó
K‡i| G mg‡q mviv c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bB fvlv Av‡›`vjb Qwo‡q c‡o| 18 b‡f¤î cÖavbgwš¿
wjqvKZ Avjx Lvb XvKvq G‡m e³„ZvKv‡j Avevi D`©y‡K ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e †NvlYv †`b|
ZLbI QvÎiv Ôbv bvÕ e‡j cÖ wZev` K‡i D‡V|
msMÖvg cwil‡ì Av‡›`vjb Kg©m~wP
1949 mvj †_‡K 1951 mvj ch©šÍ mgq‡K fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖ¯‘w Z ce© ejv hvq| GB
mg‡q Aviwe ni‡d evsjv †jLvi lohš¿ ïjynq| 1949 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m AvKivg Lvb‡K
mfvcwZ K‡i cvwK¯Í vwb kvmK‡Mvôx Ôc~e©evsjv fvlv KwgwUÕ MVb K‡i| GB KwgwU MV‡bi
cÖwZev` Rvbvq XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq| 1950 mv‡ji 11 gvP© Ave`yj gwZb‡K AvnŸvqK K‡i
XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq ivóªfvlv msMÖ vg cwil` MwVZ nq| †m‡Þ¤î gv‡m MYcwil` KZ…©K
MwVZ g~jbxwZ KwgwUi my cvwi‡k ejv nq, ÔcvwK¯Í v‡bi ivóªfvlv n‡e D`©yÕ| †`k Ry‡ o Gi
cÖwZev‡` mfvmgv‡ek Pj‡Z _v‡K| 1951 mv‡j cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖavbgš¿x wjqvKZ Avjx Lvb
AvZZvqxi nv‡Z wbnZ nb| ZLb Zuvi ¯’‡j cÖavbgš¿x nb LvRv bvwRgywÏb| 1952 mv‡j
XvKvq LvRv bvwRgywÏ‡bi GK Dw³‡K †K›`ª K‡i fvlv Av‡›`vjb bZzb gvÎv I me©vZ¥K
iƒc jvf K‡i|

GKz‡k †deªyqvwii P~o všÍ Av‡›`vjb

LvRv bvwRgywÏb c~e© evsjvi cÖavb gš¿xi c` †Q‡o cvwK¯Ív‡bi †K›`ªxq cÖavbgš¿xi `vwqZ¡
MÖnY K‡ib| †K›`ª xq cÖa vbgš¿x LvRv bvwRg DwÏb 1952 mv‡ji 26 Rvbyqvwi XvKv md‡i
Av‡mb| 27 Rvbyqvwi cëb gq`v‡bi Rbmfvq wZwbI wRbœvni g‡Zv †NvlYv K‡ib,
ÔD`y©B n‡e cvwK¯Ív‡bi GKgvÎ ivóªfvlv|Õ Gi cÖwZev‡` fvlv Av‡›`vjb bZzb K‡i
ïjyn‡q hvq| Gevi cÖwZev‡` †d‡U c‡o QvÎ RbZv| XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq ivóª fvlv msMÖvg
cwil` 30 Rvbyqvwi mfv I QvÎ ag©NU AvnŸvb K‡i| msMÖvg cwil‡ì AvnŸv‡b 4
†deªyqvwi mKj wk¶v cÖ wZôv‡b QvÎ ag©NU AvnŸvb Kiv nq| 31 Rvby qvwi AvIqvgx
gymwjg jxM mfvcwZ gIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbxi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ wewfbœ ivR‰bwZK
`‡ji me©`jxq mfvq Ôme©`jxq †K›`ª xq ivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil`Õ MwVZ nq| KvRx †Mvjvg
gvneye‡K AvnŸvqK K‡i 40m`m¨ wewkó msMÖvg cwil` MwVZ nq| GB mfvq 21
†deªyqvwi c~e©e vsjv eë¯’vcK cwil‡ì ev‡RU Awa‡ek‡bi w`b †`ke¨vcx mvaviY
ag©N‡Ui wm×všÍ †bqv nq|
miKvi Av‡›`vjb‡K K‡Vvi nv‡Z `gb Kivi †KŠkj MÖnY K‡i| c~ e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi
ZrKvjxb g~L¨gš¿x b~jyj Avgxb Av‡›`vjb `gb Kivi Rb¨ 20 ZvwiL †_‡K cieZx© GK
gv‡mi Rb¨ XvKv †Rjvi me©Î 144 aviv Rvwi K‡ib| Gi gva¨‡g XvKvq †h †Kvb cÖKvi
mfv, mgv‡ek, †kvfvhvÎv, we‡¶vf wgwQj wbwl× †NvlYv Kiv nq| QvÎiv miKvwi GB
wm×všÍ †Kvbfv‡eB †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡iwb| XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq‡i wewfbœ n‡j mfv K‡i Zuviv
144 aviv fv½vi wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡i| 20 †deªyqvwi mÜ¨vq Aveyj nvwk‡gi mfvcwZ‡Z¡
AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡Mi †K›`ªxq Kvh© vj‡q me©`jxq ivóªfvlv msMÖ vg cwil‡ì êVK e‡m|
GB êV‡K Ave`yj gwZb, Iwj Avnv`, †Mvjvg gvneye cÖgyL †bZviv 144 aviv Agvb¨
Kivi wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi c‡¶ †Rvov‡jv gZ †`b| Ae‡k‡l 144 aviv fvOvi wm×všÍ M„wnZ
nq| 21 †deªyqvwi mKvj 11Uvq XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi AvgZjvq (eZ©gv‡b XvKv †gwW‡Kj
K‡j‡Ri PZ¡i) QvÎ‡ì mgv‡e‡k XvKv kn‡ii ¯‹zj-K‡j‡Ri nvRvi nvRvi QvÎ-QvÎx
†hvM †`q| mfvq †QvU †QvU `‡j QvÎiv wgwQj K‡i 144 aviv fvOvi wm×všÍ †bq| QvÎ-
QvÎxiv Ôivóªfvlv evsjv PvBÕ †kø vMvb w`‡q wgwQj Ki‡Z _vK‡j cy wjk Zv‡ì Ici jvwV
PvR© K‡i Ges Ku v`v‡b M¨vm eënvi K‡i| d‡j cywj‡ki mv‡_ msNl© †eu‡a hvq| we‡K‡j
eë¯’vcK cwil‡ì mfvi w`‡K cÖw Zev` wgwQj AMÖmi n‡Z †M‡j cywjk ¸wj Quy‡ o|
gvZ…fvlvi `vwe Rvbv‡Z wM‡q cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z knx` nb Aveyj eiKZ, Ave`ym mvjvg,
iwdK DwÏb Avng`, Ave`yj ReŸvi Ges AvnZ nb K‡qKRb QvÎxmn A‡b‡K| †m
mg‡q MYcwil‡ì Awa‡ekb PjwQj| ¸wji Lei †c‡q Ave`yi ikx` ZK©e vMxkmn AvBb
cwil‡ì K‡qKRb m`m¨ Awa‡ekb Z¨vM K‡i NUbv¯’‡j Dcw¯’ Z nb| 21 †k †deªæqvwii
NUbv mviv †`‡k Qwo‡q c‡o|
22 †k †deªæqvwi QvÎ-RbZv knx`‡ì Rb¨ †kvK wgwQj †ei K‡i| AveviI wgwQ‡ji
Ici cywjk I wgwjUvwi jvwV, ¸wj I †e‡qv‡bU eënvi K‡i| G‡Z kwdDi ingvbmn
AviI K‡qKRb knx` nb| A‡b‡K †MÖdZvi nb| †h ¯’v‡b QvÎ‡ì ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v Kiv
n‡qwQj †mB ¯’v‡b QvÎiv mvivivZ †R‡M 23 †deªyqvwi‡Z GKwU knx` wgbvi wbg©vY K‡i|
cywjk knx` wgbviwU †f‡½ †`q| 21 †deªy qvwii nZ¨vKvÛ I wbcxo‡bi cÖwZev‡` XvKv
kn‡i 23 †deªyqvwi niZvj cvwjZ nq| 23 †deªyq vwi cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq
GjvKvq dzjvi †iv‡W GKRb wK‡kvi wbnZ nq| 24 †deªyqvwi XvKvq niZvj cvwjZ nq|
Wv. mvC` nvq`v‡ii bKkv Abym v‡i iv‡Z †gwW‡Kj K‡j‡Ri †MB‡Ui mvg‡b knx` wgbvi
wbg©vY Kiv nq Ges 24 †deªyqvwi Zv D‡Øvab Kiv nq| 1963 mv‡j A¯’vqx knx` wgbv‡ii

¯’‡j wkíx nvwg`yi ingv‡bi bKkv I cwiKíbvq knx` wgbvi wbg©vY Kiv nq| 1971
mv‡j gyw³hy‡×i mgq cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`vi evwnbx knx` wgbviwU †f‡½ ‡`q| 1972 mv‡j
c~‡e©i bKkv Abyh vqx eZ©g vb knx` wgbviwU cybivq wbg©vY Kiv nq|
†K›`ª xq knx` wgbvi

fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi ¸jyZ¡ I Zvrch©
1952 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m my`~icÖmvix cÖfve †d‡j| cvwK¯Í vwb
ivóªh‡š¿i wejy‡× GwU wQj evOvwj RvwZi cÖ_g we‡`ª vn| fvlv Av‡›`vjb ZrKvjxb
ivRbxwZ, mgvR, A_©bxwZ, ms¯‹…wZ‡Z Mfxi cÖfve †dj‡Z m¶g nq| 1952 mv‡ji fvlv
Av‡›`vj‡bi c‡ii eQi †_‡K cÖw ZeQi 21 †deªyqvwi w`bwU evOvwji knx` wèm wn‡m‡e
D`hvwcZ n‡q Avm‡Q| evsjv‡`k ¯^ vaxb nIqvi ci 21 †deªyqvwi miKvwi QzwUi w`b
†NvwlZ nq| wb‡gœ Gi ¸jyZ¡ I Zvrch© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|
cÖ_gZ, fvlv Av‡›`vjb wQj evsjv fvlvi gh©v`v cÖwZôvi `vwe‡Z msMwVZ MY Av‡›`vjb|
GwU ïay fvlvi gh©v`vi Rb¨B M‡o I‡Vwb| fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi d‡j evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡ì
weKvk N‡U| AwaKvi cÖwZôvi cÖ_g ch©vq wn‡m‡e evsjv fvlv cÖw Zôv‡K evOvwjiv †e‡Q
†bq| GB evOvwj RvZxqZvev`x †PZbvB lv‡Ui `k‡K ˆ¯îkvmb we‡ivax I ¯^vqËkvm‡bi
c‡¶ Av‡›`vj‡b †cÖiYv †RvMvq|
wØZxqZ, fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi d‡j Amv¤cÖ`vwqK ivRbxwZi weKvk N‡U| GB Av‡›`vjb
wØRvwZ Z‡Ë¡i agx©q †PZbvi g~‡j AvNvZ nv‡b| cvwK¯Í vb m„wói mv¤cÖ `vwqK wfwË †f‡½
evOvwjiv Amv¤cÖ `vwqK †PZbvi Av‡›`vjb ïjy K‡i| Gi d‡j ax‡i ax‡i mv¤cÖ`vwqK
m¤cÖxwZ M‡o I‡V|
Z…ZxqZ, fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b gymwjg jxM RbM‡Yi gvbwmKZv I ¯^v_© D‡c¶v K‡i Rb
wew”Qbœ n‡q c‡o| Gi d‡j 1954 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b `jwU †kvPbxqfv‡e civRq N‡U| Gi
ci Avi †Kvb wbe©vP‡b gymwjg jxM Rqx nqwb|
PZz_©Z, 1954 mv‡ji hy³d«‡›Ui wbe©vPbx cÖwZkÖy wZ †gvZv‡eK 21 †deªyqvwi †kvK wèm
wn‡m‡e QzwU I knx` wèm †NvlYv K‡i| 1956 mv‡ji msweav‡b evsjv fvlv mvsweavwbK
¯^xK… wZ cvq| 1962 mv‡j msweav‡b Zv envj _v‡K|
cÂgZ, hy³d«›U c~e©- cwðg cvwK¯Í v‡bi g‡a¨ êlg¨, fvlv êlg¨ Zz‡j a‡i| hv lv‡Ui
`k‡K AvIqvgx jx‡Mi 6 `dvq cwiùzwUZ nq| ¯^vqËkvmb Av‡›`vjb P~o všÍfv‡e
¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡b iƒc †bq hvi †cÖiYv wQj fvlv Av‡›`vjb|

lôZ, 1999 mv‡j BD‡b‡¯‹v KZ…©K 21 †deªyqvwi‡K ÔAvšÍ©RvwZK gvZ… fvlv wèmÕ Gi
¯^xK… wZ `vb AvšÍR© vwZK m¤cÖ`v‡qi Kv‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki gh©v`v e„w× K‡i‡Q|
fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi knx`MY
mvi-ms‡¶c fvlv Av‡›`vjb c~e© evsjvi RbM‡Yi Rxe‡b GK ¸jyZ¡c~Y© Aa¨vq| gvZ… fvlv‡K Avcb
gh©v`vq cÖw Zôv Kivi Rb¨ G mgq c~e©evsjvi QvÎ mgvR Rxeb wewj‡q w`‡ZI wØav
K‡iwb| cvwK¯Í vb cÖw Zôvi ci n‡ZB kvmK‡ì KvQ †_‡K c~e© evsjvi RbMY †Kvb
mnvbyf~wZ cvqwb| ZvB Zv‡ì‡K cÖw Zev` Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| Zviv n‡q‡Q msNe×| †kl
ch©šÍ Zv‡ì P~o všÍ Av‡›`vj‡b Su vwc‡q co‡Z n‡q‡Q| gv‡qi fvlv‡K i¶v K‡i‡Q ey‡ Ki
i³ w`‡q| GB NUbv c~e©evsjvi RbM‡Yi g‡bi kw³‡K A‡bK evwo‡q w`‡qwQj| cieZx©
mg‡q AwaKvi Av`v‡qi me Av‡›`vj‡b GKz‡ki †PZbv mivmwi f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q|

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
 1. cvwK¯Ívb m„wói c~‡e©B D`y©‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóª fvlv Kivi K_v e‡jwQ‡jb 
K. †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn L. LvRv bvwRgDÏxb
M. wk¶vgš¿x dRjyi ingvb N. †PŠayix Lv‡jKz¾vgvb
2. Ôivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil`Õ MVb K‡i 
K. MYZvwš¿K hy ejxM L. ZgÏyb gRwjk
M. gymwjg jxM N. mvs¯‹…wZK msm`
3. me©`jxq QvÎ HK¨ msMÖ vg cwil‡ì mv‡_ AvU `dv Pzw³ ¯^ v¶i K‡ib 
K. †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn L. LvRv bvwRgDÏxb
M. wk¶vgš¿x dRjyi ingvb N. †PŠayix Lv‡jKz¾vgvb
msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ
 1. fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi m~Pbv Kxfv‡e n‡qwQj?

2. me©`jxq ivóª fvlv msMÖ vg cwil` MVb I Gi f~wgKv eY©bv Kiæb|
3. fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi ¸jyZ¡ I Zvrch© wjLyb|

cvV c~e©evsjvi cÖwZ êlg¨g~jK bxwZ

3
D‡Ïk¨
 cvwK¯Ívwb kvmKiv Kxfv‡e c~e©e vsjvi m¤ú` †kvlY Kivi wPšÍv K‡iwQj Zv eY©b v
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 c~e©evsjvi cÖw Z cvwK¯Ívwb‡ì A_©‰bwZK êl‡gï wPÎ †Kgb wQj Zvi weeiY w`‡Z
cvi‡eb|
 wk¶v I PvKwii †¶‡Î c~e©evsjvi RbMY KZUv êl‡gï wkKvi n‡qwQj Zv we‡kø lY
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 c~e©evsjvi RbM‡Yi cÖw Z cvwK¯Ívwb‡ì êl‡gï cÖwZwµqv KZUzKz m„wó n‡qwQj Zv
eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
f~wgKv
1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡ei wfwË‡Z cvwK¯Í vb iv‡óªi Rb¥ n‡jI c~e© evsjv KL‡bvB
jv‡nvi cÖ¯ÍvewfwËK c„_ K iv‡óªi gh©v`v cvqwb| eis AvÂwjK ¯^ vqËkvmbvwaKv‡ii
`vwe‡Z c~e© evsjv‡K my`xN© 24 eQi Av‡›`vjb I msMÖvg Pvwj‡q †h‡Z n‡q‡Q| G my`xN©
mg‡q cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôx ivR‰bwZK, cÖk vmwbK, mvgwiK, wk¶v, A_©‰bwZK I
mvs¯‹…wZK †¶‡Î c~e© evsjvi cÖw Z êlg¨ I wbcxobg~jK bxwZ AbymiY K‡i|
kvmK‡Mvôxi G êlg¨ I wbcxobg~jK bxwZi wejy‡× c~e© evsjvq cÖ_‡g cÖw Zev`x
Av‡›`vjb Ges †kl ch©šÍ ¯^vwaKvi I ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡bi m~Pbv nq hvi mdj cwiYwZ
GKvË‡ii gyw³hy× I ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki Afy¨`q|
c~e©evsjvi m¤ú` †kvlY

c~e© evsjvi mv‡_ cvwK¯Ívwb kvmKeM© cÖ_g †_‡KB êlg¨g~jK bxwZ MÖnY K‡i| cvwK¯Ívb
m„wó n‡qwQj `ywU wew”Qbœ AÂj wb‡q| `ywU AÂj mgvb m¤ú‡ì AwaKvwi wQj bv| c~e©
evsjv wQj cÖvK… wZK m¤ú‡ì w`K †_‡K mg„×| Ab¨w`‡K cwðg cvwK¯Í vb AvqZ‡b eo
n‡jI AwaKvsk AÂj wQj Abye©i I gjygq| †mLv‡b K…wli †Kvb m¤¢vebv wQj bv| G
AÂj Avw_© K w`K †_‡K wQj `ye©j| cvwK¯Í vb m„wói c~‡e© GLv‡b †Kvb wkí cÖw Zôvb M‡o
I‡Vwb| Ab¨w`‡K c~e© evsjvq ißvwb cY¨ wn‡m‡e cvU, Pv I Pvgovi †hvMvb wQj †ewk|
cÖvK… wZK m¤ú‡ì cÖ vPz‡h©i Kvi‡Y c~e©evsjv A_©‰bwZK w`K †_‡K ¯^qsm¤ú~Y © nIqvi h‡_ó
my‡hvM wQj| wKš‘ cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôx G †`k‡K mg„× Kivi cwie‡Z© †`‡ki gvbyl‡K
ewÂZ K‡i G‡`‡ki m¤ú` cwðg cvwK¯Í v‡b wb‡q †hZ| d‡j µgk cwðg cvwK¯Ívb
mg„× n‡Z _v‡K|
ivR‰bwZK êlg¨
1947 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb ivóª cÖwZôvi ïjy†_‡KB c~e© evsjv ivR‰bwZK êl‡gï wkKvi nq|
c~e© evsjvi msL¨vMwió cÖ wZwbwa _vKv m‡Ë¡I cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖ_g MYcwil‡` Mfb©i

†Rbv‡ij I cÖa vbgš¿x Dfqc‡`B wb‡qvM †`qv nq cwðg cvwK¯Í vb †_‡K| c~e© evsjvi
gZvgZ D‡c¶v K‡i cvwK¯Í v‡bi ivRavbx Kiv nq cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi KivwP‡Z Ges c‡i
Zv Bmjvgvev‡` ¯’ vbvšÍi Kiv nq| c~e© evsjvi RbwcÖq †bZv‡ì wbw®Œq K‡i ivLv nq|
GgbwK msL¨vwaK¨ m‡Ë¡I c~e© evsjv‡K msL¨v mvg¨bxwZ gvb‡Z eva¨ Kiv nq| cvwK¯Ív‡bi
RbmsL¨vi cÖvq 56% evOvwj n‡jI GKgvÎ †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`© xi Avgj Qvov
1947 †_‡K 1971 mv‡ji g‡a¨ †K›`ªxq gwš¿mfvq evOvwj‡ì cÖw ZwbwaZ¡ 25%-47%
AwZµg K‡iwb| H mg‡q †gvU 221 Rb †K›`ªxq gš¿x, Dcgš¿x I cÖwZgš¿xi g‡a¨ evOvwj
wQj gvÎ 95 Rb| Avi 9 Rb miKvi cÖa v‡bi g‡a¨ gvÎ 3 Rb (LvRv bvwRgywÏb,
†mvnivIqv`© x I †gvnv¤§` Avjx e¸ov) wQ‡jb c~e© evsjvi| mg‡qi wn‡m‡e 24 eQ‡ii
g‡a¨ gvÎ 6 eQi (25% mgq) c~e©evsjvi gvby l †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i‡Qb|
†Rbv‡ij AvBq~e Lv‡bi Avg‡j (1958-69) gwš¿mfvi †gvU 62 Rb gš¿xi g‡a¨ evOvwj
wQ‡jb gvÎ 22 Rb (35.48%)| Z‡e Gme evOvwj‡ì g‡a¨ †KD ¸iæZ¡c~Y© gš¿Yvj‡qi
`vwqZ¡ cvbwb|
cÖkvmwbK êlg¨
1960-70 mvj ch©šÍ GKwU wn‡me †_‡K †`Lv hvq, cvwK¯Ív‡bi gš¿xcwil`, ciivóª,
K…wl, ms¯’vcb, ¯îvóª, A_©, wkí, cÖwZiÿv, †hvMv‡hvM, Z_¨ I cwiKíbv gš¿Yvj‡qi gZ
¸iæZ¡c~Y© gš¿Yvjq I wefv‡Mi †gvU 69 Rb kxl© Kg©KZ© vi g‡a¨ 45 RbB wQ‡jb
cvÄvwe| evOvwj wQ‡jb gvÎ 3 Rb| †emvgwiK wmGmwc Kg©KZ©v‡ì g‡a¨ 1948-63
ch©šÍ 346 R‡bi g‡a¨ gvÎ 126 Rb (36.4%) wQ‡jb evOvwj| Ab¨w`‡K cwðg
cvwK¯Ív‡bi wQ‡jb 218 Rb (63.6%)|
mvgvwRK êlg¨
cvwK¯Ívb ivóª m„wói ci cvwK¯Í v‡bi `yÕAÂ‡ji g‡a¨ mvgvwRK êlg¨ cÖ KU AvKvi aviY
K‡i| miKv‡ii A_©‰bwZK Ges cwiKíbvMZ êl‡gï Kvi‡Y c~e© cvwK¯Ívb cÖ_g †_‡KB
eÂbvi wkKvi nq| cvwK¯Ív‡bi `yÕ AÂ‡ji g‡a¨ `yÕai‡Yi mgvR Rxeb cwiPvwjZ nq|
cwðg cvwK¯Í v‡bi Awaevmxi‡ì Rxeb hvcb DbœZgv‡bi n‡jI c~e© evsjvi gvbyl wQj
êl‡gï wkKvi| evOvwjiv hv‡Z ivRbxwZ‡Z mwµq n‡Z bv cv‡i GRb¨ Zv‡ì‡K Afve-
AbUb I †ivMMÖ ¯Í ivLvi eë¯’v Kiv nq| wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq `ª‡eï g‡aÏ `v‡gi cv_© K¨
_vK‡Zv, hv‡Z Zv evOvwj‡ì µq ¶gZvi evB‡i _v‡K| Ab¨w`‡K cwðg cvwK¯Í vwb‡ì
†mevi Rb¨ A‡bK †mevg~j K cÖw Zôvb M‡o IV‡jI c~e© cvwK¯Í v‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb eë¯’v
MÖnY Kiv nqwb| d‡j mvwe© Kfv‡e c~ e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Zzjbvq cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi RxebhvÎvi
gvb wQj A‡bK DbœZ|
cÖwZi¶v‡¶‡Î êlg¨
c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ici cwðg cvwK¯Í vwb kvmK‡ì êl‡gï cÖKvk N‡U mvgwiK evwnbx‡Z
evOvwj‡ì cÖwZwbwaZ¡ wb‡q| mvgwiK evwnbx‡Z cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb‡ì AvwacZ¨ wQj|
¶gZvi kx‡l© wQj cwðg cvwK¯Í vwb mvgwiK evwnbxi m`mïv| Zv‡ì GB êlg¨g~jK
bxwZ mvgwiK evwnbx‡Z wb‡qvwRZ evOvwj m`m¨‡ì g‡a¨ Am‡šÍv‡li m„wó K‡i| µgk
GB Am‡šÍvl e„w × †c‡Z _v‡K| D‡jøL¨, †mbvevwnbx‡Z cvÄvwe AvwacZ¨ wbwðZ Ki‡Z

cvwK¯Ív‡bi mvgwiK evwnbx‡Z cÖ v‡`wkK †KvUv wba©viY Kiv nq| G‡Z 60% cvÄvwe,
35% cvVvb Ges evèvwK 5% cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ab¨vb¨ GjvKv I c~e© cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K
wb‡qvM Kivi weavb Pvjy Kiv nq|
A_©‰bwZK êlg¨
cvwK¯Ívwb kvmbvg‡j A_©‰bwZK êl‡gï wPÎ wQj fqven| d‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ívb
A_©‰bwZKfv‡e ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© n‡Z cv‡iwb| c~e ©evsjv wQj m¤ú`kvjx| GB m¤ú` G‡`kevmx
†fvM Ki‡Z cviZ bv| cvwK¯Ívwb kvmKiv Zv wQwb‡q wbZ| cy‡iv cvwK¯Í v‡bi Av‡qi 60
fvM Avq n‡Zv c~e© cvwK¯Í v‡bi ivR¯^ n‡Z| A_P Avgv‡ì AÂ‡j Gi gvÎ 25 fvM e¨q
Kiv n‡Zv| Avi evwK me wb‡q hvIqv n‡Zv cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b| cvwK¯Ív‡bi ißvwb Av‡qi
60 fvM †hZ c~e©cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K| wKš‘ c~e©cvwK¯Ívb‡K Avg`vwb `ª‡eï gvÎ 25 fvM †`qv
n‡Zv| cvwK¯Ív‡bi †gvU RbmsL¨vi 60 fv‡Mi emevm wQj c~e© cvwK¯Í v‡b| wKš‘ RvZxq
Av‡qi gvÎ 27 fvM e¨q Kiv n‡Zv G AÂ‡ji Rb¨| cvwK¯Í v‡bi A_© fvÐvi cwicyó
n‡q‡Q c~e©e vsjvi m¤ú‡`| wKš‘ G †`‡ki Dbœq‡bi w`‡K †Kvb bRi †`qv nqwb| ZvB
De©i c~e©evsjv evi evi eb¨v I S‡o weaŸ¯Í n‡q‡Q| Avi gjygq cwðg cvwK¯Í vb n‡q‡Q
Avgv‡ì m¤ú‡` km¨-k¨vgj| wk‡íi KuvPvgvj c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b Drcbœ n‡jI eo eo wkí
cÖwZôvb M‡o DV‡Z _v‡K cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b| c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b †h me wkí cÖwZôvb M‡o
I‡V ZviI gvwjKvbv †_‡K hvq cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb‡ì nv‡Z| K…w l Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ †h FY
cvIqv †hZ Zvi wmsnfvM K…wlwfwËK AÂj c~e © cvwK¯Í v‡b e¨q bv K‡i e¨q Kiv n‡Zv
cwðg cvwK¯Í v‡b| cwðg cvwK¯Ívb KZ©„K Giƒc †kvlYg~jK bxwZ Abymi‡Yi d‡j 1960-
Gi `k‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi Dfq AÂ‡ji g‡a¨ A_©‰bwZK êlg¨ Pig AvKvi aviY K‡i|
†kvl‡Yi wejy‡× cÖw Zev‡ì ga¨w`‡q c~e© cvwK¯Í v‡b RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vjb `vbv eva‡Z
_v‡K Ges G Av‡›`vjb µ‡g ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡b iƒc jvf K‡i| wk¶v †¶‡ÎI evOvwjiv
my¯úó êl‡gï wkKvi n‡qwQj| cwðg cvwK¯Í vwb kvmK‡Mvôx evOvwj‡ì Awkw¶Z †i‡L
Zv‡ì kvmb‡K cvKv‡cv³ Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj| K…wl, wPwKrmv, weÁvb I wkí M‡elYv
†K‡›`ªi †ejvq 16wU †K‡›`ªi g‡a¨ 13wUB Aew¯’ Z wQj cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b| D”P wk¶v I
M‡elYvi Rb¨ wewfbœ e„wËi wmsnfvM myweav cvq cwðg cvwK¯Ívwbiv| c~e© evsjvq wk¶v_x©i
msL¨v e„w× †c‡jI Avby cvwZK nv‡i we`¨vjq msL¨v e„w× cvqwb| wk¶vi †¶‡Î GB
êl‡gï d‡j 1947-48 wLª÷v‡ã c~e©evsjvq †hLv‡b wkw¶‡Zi nvi cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi
†P‡q A‡bK †ewk wQj †mLv‡b cÖ vq wek eQ‡ii g‡a¨B cwðg cvwK¯Í v‡bi wkw¶‡Zi nvi
c~e©evsjvi †P‡q A‡bK †e‡o †Mj|
wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î êlg¨
D‡jøL¨, 1955-56 †_‡K 1966-67 mvj ch©šÍ cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b wkÿvLv‡Z 2084.6
wgwjqb iæwc eivÏ n‡jI c~e© cvwK¯Í v‡b Kiv n‡q‡Q gvÎ 797.6 wgwjqb iæwc A_© vr
GK-Z…Zxqvsk gvÎ|
PvKzwii †¶‡Î êlg¨
PvKzwi I wb‡qv‡Mi †¶‡ÎI cvwK¯Í v‡bi `yB AÂ‡ji g‡a¨ êlg¨ cÖKUfv‡e j¶ Kiv
hvq| c~e©e vsjv‡K wk¶vi †¶‡Î wcwQ‡q ivLv n‡qwQj hv‡Z Zviv PvKz wii cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq
†n‡i hvq| wmwfj, wgwjUvwi I Ab¨vb¨ PvKwii g~j wb‡qvM `v‡bi †K›`ª cÖwZôv Kiv nq

cwðg cvwK¯Í v‡b| d‡j wb‡R‡ì gZ K‡i bxwZ wba© viY Kiv mnR n‡Zv| †`Lv hv‡”Q,
mvgwiK evwnbxi mKj ch©v‡qi Ges †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii PvKzwii I e¨w³MZ
wewb‡qvMKvix‡ì cÖavb `ßi wQj cwðg cvwK¯Í vb| A‡bK PvKwii weÁvcb c~e© evsjvi
msev`c‡Î †`qvB n‡Zv bv| G QvovI g‡bvbqb †ev‡W©i AwaKvsk m`m¨B n‡Zb cwðg
cvwK¯Ívwb| Gme Kvi‡Y c~e©evsjvi Awaevmx‡ì c‡¶ D”P c‡` wb‡qvM cvIqv wQj Lye
KwVb|
mvs¯‹…wZK †¶‡Î êlg¨
cvwK¯Ív‡bi `yÕAÂ‡ji fvlv, mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ wQj m¤ú~Y© Avjv`v| c~e© evsjvi
Awaevmxiv wQj cvwK¯Í v‡bi †gvU RbmsL¨vi 55 kZvsk| G‡ì fvlv Ges mvwnZ¨ I
ms¯‹…wZ wQj nvRvi eQ‡ii cyi‡bv| Ab¨w`‡K cvwK¯Í v‡bi evwK 45 kZvsk †jv‡Ki fvlv,
mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ wQj wewfbœ ai‡Yi| G‡ì g‡a¨ gvÎ 7.2 kZvsk †jv‡Ki fvlv wQj
D`©y| wKš‘ cvwK¯Í vb ivóª cÖw Zôvi ci cwðg cvwK¯Í vwb kvmK‡Mvôx D`©y‡ K ivóª fvlv Ki‡Z
†Póv K‡i| GQvovI nvRvi eQ‡ii cyi‡bv evOvwj RvwZi ms¯‹…wZ‡K gy‡Q †d‡j evOvwj‡ì
cvwK¯Ívwb Ki‡Yi loh‡š¿ wjß nq| Zv‡ì GB êlg¨ evOvwjiv †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡iwb| ZvB
c~e© evsjvq mvs¯‹…wZK êl‡gï wejy ‡× cÖ_‡g cÖ wZev` Ges c‡i weiƒc cÖ wZwµqv e¨³ K‡i|
êlg¨ bxwZi cÖwZwµqv
cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK‡ì êl‡gï wPÎ cÖKvwkZ n‡q co‡j c~e©evsjvi RbMY ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB
we¶z× n‡q I‡V| c„w_ex‡Z Avi GKwU †`kI Luy‡R cvIqv hv‡e bv †hLv‡b GKB iv‡óªi
GK AÂ‡ji Dci Ab¨ AÂ‡ji Ggb e¨vcK A_©‰bwZK †kvlY I mvs¯‹…wZK wbcxob
P‡j| hZw`b ch©šÍ GB êl‡gï welqwU c~e©evsjvi RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q ¯úó nqwb ZZw`b
¯^vqËkvm‡bi Av‡›`vjb Zxeª n‡q D‡Vwb| wKš‘ µ‡g cvwK¯Ívwb‡ì PwiÎ cÖ KvwkZ n‡q
co‡j G AÂ‡ji RbMY cÖ wZev`gyLi n‡q I‡V| êlg¨ bxwZi wejy‡× K‡qK ch©vq
cÖwZwµqv †`Lv hvq-
cÖ_gZ, cvwK¯Í vwb kvmK‡ì kvmb, †kvlY I wbcxo‡bi wejy‡× c~e© evsjvq cÖ_g cÖwZev`
M‡o I‡V cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóª fvlvi cÖkœ‡K wb‡q| 55% †jv‡Ki evsjv fvlv D‡c¶v K‡i
D`y©‡K ivóªfvlv †NvlYvi cÖw Zev‡` 1948 I 1952 mv‡j e¨vcK Av‡›`vjb †`Lv hvq|
fvlv Av‡›`vjb wQj cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb kw³i wejy‡× cÖ_g weRq|
wØZxqZ, cvwK¯Í vwb kvmK‡ì kvmb, †kvlY I wbcxo‡bi wejy‡× c~e© evsjvq wØZxq
cÖwZev` wQj 1954 mv‡ji hy³d«›U wbe© vPb| GB wbe©vP‡b êl‡gï wejy‡× e¨vj‡Ui
gva¨‡g gymwjg jxM‡K civwRZ Kiv nq| †kvPbxq civR‡qi gva¨‡g gymwjg jxM
ivRbxwZ †_‡K wPi we`vq †bq|
Z…ZxqZ, 1958 mv‡j mvgwiK kvmb Rvwii wejy‡× evOvwjiv Avevi cÖw Zev` gyLi n‡q
I‡V| 1962 mv‡j AvBqye Lv‡bi msweav‡bi wejy‡× AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi m~Pbv
nq| GB Av‡›`vjb µ‡g wk¶v wi‡cv‡U©i wejy‡× Av‡›`vj‡b iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| µgvš^‡q Qq
`dv wfwËK, AvMiZjv gvgjv we‡ivax m‡e©vcwi MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi gva¨‡g AvBqye Lv‡bi
cZ‡bi gva¨‡g êlg¨ we‡ivax cÖwZwµqv mdj nq|

PZz_©Z, cvwK¯Ívwb miKvi KZ©„ K kvmb I †kvl‡Yi wejy‡× K‡Vvi cÖw Zev` wQj 1966
mv‡j Qq `dv `vwe DÌvcb| Qq `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vjb‡K †K›`ª K‡iB c~e© evsjvi
¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡bi m~ÎcvZ N‡U|
cÂgZ, 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jx‡Mi c‡¶ evOvwji ivq wQj êl‡gï wejy‡×
mdj cÖwZev`| hwÌ evOvwj RvwZ‡K ¶gZv n¯ÍvšÍi bv Kivq evOvwj i‡³i wewbg‡q
¯^vaxbZv wQwb‡q Av‡b|
mvi-ms‡¶c c~e©evsjv I cwðg cvwK¯Ívb wg‡j Awfbœ †`k cvwK¯Í v‡bi m„wó n‡jI cwðg cvwK¯Í vwb
kvmK‡ì KvQ †_‡K c~e©evsjv mgvb `„wó I mnvbyf~w Z cvqwb| Zvi e`‡j m¤ú`kvjx
c~e©evsjv‡K †kvlY K‡i A_©‰bwZKfv‡e c½y K‡i †djv nq| wkí, evwYR¨, wk¶v,
ms¯‹…wZ, PvKywi cÖw ZwU †¶‡ÎB êl‡gï wkKvi nq c~e©evsjv| Ae‡k‡l ev½vwj‡ì Kv‡Q
cwi®‹vi nq cvwK¯Ívwb kvmKP‡µi †kvl‡Ki †Pnviv| Zviv µ‡g Av‡›`vjbgyLi n‡q c‡o
AwaKvi Av`v‡qi Rb¨|

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
 1. c~e©evsjvi Rb¨ cvwK¯Ív‡bi †gvU RvZxq Avq †_‡K e¨q Kiv n‡Zv 
K. lvU fvM
M. cuwPk fvM
L. mvZvk fvM
N. c‡b‡iv fvM
2. 1947-48 mv‡j c~e©evsjvq wkw¶‡Zi nvi cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi †P‡q 
K. Kg wQj L. mgvb wQj
M. KvQvKvwQ wQj N. †ewk wQj
3. cvwK¯Ívwb Avg‡j evOvwj‡ì D”Pc‡` wb‡qvM cvIqv 
K. mnR wQj L. ¯^vfvweK wQj
M. KwVb wQj N. GKwU mvaviY welq wQj
msw¶ß cÖkœ
 1. cvwK¯Ívwb kvmKiv c~e©evsjvi m¤ú` †kvl‡Yi wPšÍv Kxfv‡e K‡iwQj?
2. c~e©evsjvi cÖw Z cvwK¯Ívwb kvmKMY A_©‰bwZK †¶‡Î †Kgb êlg¨ m„wó K‡iwQj?
cvV
1954 mv‡ji wbe©vPb I hy³d«›U MVb
4
D‡Ïk¨
 Kxfv‡e hy³d«›U MwVZ n‡qwQj Zv eY© bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 hy³d«‡›Ui 21 `dvi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 1954 wLª÷v‡ãi cÖv‡`wkK wbe©vPb, wbe©vP‡bi djvdj I Zvrch© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
f~wgKv

c~e© evsjvi ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m 1954 mv‡ji wbe©vPb I hy³d«›U MVb GKwU ¸jyZ¡c~Y©
Aa¨vq| evOvwj RvwZ, evsjvfvlv I ms¯‹…wZ Ges evOvwji BwZnvm I HwZ‡nï wejy‡×
gymwjg jxM †bZ…‡Z¡i Kvh©Kjvc I cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK‡ì Qq eQ‡ii †kvl‡Yi wejy‡× GB
wbe©vPb wQj Ôe¨vjU wec eÕ| cvwK¯Ívb ivóª m„wói K‡qK eQ‡ii g‡a¨B ¶gZvmxb gymwjg
jx‡Mi wewfbœ Dc`j, Af¨šÍixY †Kv›`j, e¨_© kvmb, AÂj‡f‡` êlg¨g~jK bxwZ
cÖf„w Zi Kvi‡Y bZzb bZzb ivR‰bwZK `j MVb Rjywi n‡q c‡o| we‡kl K‡i GB mg‡q
c~e© evsjvq gymwjg jxM kvm‡bi Pig e¨_©Zvi d‡j AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM, K…lK-cÖRv
cvwU©, c~e© cvwK¯Í vb KwgDwb÷ cvwU©, †bRvg-B-Bmjvgx, cvwK¯Ívb RvZxq Ks‡MÖm cÖ f„wZ
ivR‰bwZK `‡ji Rb¥ nq| 1951 mv‡j c~ e© cvwK¯Ívb cÖ v‡`wkK AvBb cwil‡ì wbe©vPb
AbywôZ nIqvi K_v wQj| wKš‘ gymwjg jxM miKvi civR‡qi f‡q bvbv Uvjevnvbvq
wbe©vP‡bi ZvwiL evievi wcwQ‡q †`q| 1954 mv‡ji wbe©vPb ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi Rb¨
¯^-¯^ Rbmg_©b hvPvB‡qi GKwU my‡hvM m„wó K‡i| cvwK¯Ív‡bi RvZxq ivRbxwZ‡Z GB
wbe©vPb my`~i cÖmvix cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i|
hy³d«›U MVb
c~e© evsjvi RbM‡Yi AwaKv‡ii cÖ wZ gymwjg jxM †Kvb m¤§vb †`Lvqwb| ZvB Zv‡ì cÖw Z
c~e© evsjvi RbM‡Yi †Kvb Av¯’ v wQj bv| gymwjg jxM miKvi evi evi wbe©vP‡bi ZvwiL
wcwQ‡q mvaviY gvby‡li †¶v‡fi m¤§yLxb nq| we¶z× gvby‡li Pv‡ci gy‡L 1954
wLª÷v‡ãi gvP© gv‡m wbe©vPb n‡e e‡j †NvlYv †`qv nq| 1954 mv‡ji wbe© vP‡b c~e ©
evsjvi ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi g‡a¨ gymwjg jxM wQj me‡P‡q cyivZb I eo ivR‰bwZK
`j| wewfbœ `‡ji ivRbxwZwe`MY eyS‡Z cv‡ib ¶gZvmxb miKvix `j gymwjg jx‡Mi
mv‡_ wbe©vP‡b Rqjvf Kiv KwVb n‡e| B‡Zvg‡a¨B 1949 mv‡j gvIjvbv Avãyj nvwg`
Lvb fvmvbxi †bZ…‡Z¡ ÔAvIqvgx gymwjg jxMÕ bv‡g GKwU e„nr ivR‰bwZK `j cÖ wZwôZ
nq| wbe©vP‡b m`¨ cÖwZwôZ ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jv gymwjg jxM‡K civwRZ Kivi †KŠkj
wn‡m‡e †RvUe× n‡q wbe©vP‡b AskMÖn‡Yi cwiKíbv †bq| GiB cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z 1953
mv‡ji 14 b‡f¤î gqgbwms‡n AbywôZ AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡Mi KvDwÝ‡j Ôhy³d«›UÕ
MV‡bi wm×všÍ nq| PviwU we‡ivax ivR‰bwZK `j wb‡q hy³d«›U MwVZ nq| `j¸‡jv wQj
gIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbxi †bZ…Z¡vaxb AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM, †k‡i evsjv G †K
dRjyj n‡Ki †bZ…Z¡vaxb K…l K-kªwgK cvwU©, gIjvbv AvZvnvi Avjxi †bZ… Z¡vaxb †bRvg-
B-Bmjvgx Ges nvRx `v‡b‡ki evgcš’x MYZš¿x `j| hy³d«‡›Ui wbe©vPbx cÖZxK wQj
†bŠKv| 21 †deªyqvwi‡K ¯§iYxq K‡i ivLvi Rb¨ hy³d«‡›Ui Bk‡Znvi Kiv nq 21 `dv|
21 `dv Kg©m~wPi gyL¨ iPwqZv wQ‡jb Aveyj gbmyi Avng`| hy³d«›U Zv‡ì HwZnvwmK
21 `dv `vwe‡Z MYgvby‡li AwaKv‡ii K_v Zz‡j a‡i| GB `dv¸‡jv ms‡¶‡c ewY© Z
n‡jv:

†k‡ievsjv G †K dRjyj nK †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x gIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx
1. evsjv‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ab¨Zg ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e cÖ wZôv Kiv

2. webv ¶wZc~i‡Y Rwg`vwi D‡”Q` Kiv Ges f~wgnxb K…l K‡ì g‡a¨ DØ„Ë Rwg weZiY
3. cv‡Ui eëmvq RvZxqKiY Kiv
4. mgevq K…wl eë¯’v cÖe©Zb Kiv
5. c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b jeY wkí cÖ wZôv Kiv
6. KvwiMi gynvwRi‡ì Kv‡Ri eë¯’ v Kiv
7. eb¨v I `ywf©¶ †iv‡ai Rb¨ Lvj Lbb I †m‡Pi eë¯’v Kiv
8. wkí I Lv‡`¨ †`k‡K ¯^ vej¤^ x Kiv
9. A‰eZwbK eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wk¶vi cÖe Z©b Kiv
10. wk¶v eë¯’ vi Avg~j cwieZ©b Kiv
11. XvKv I ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq‡K ¯^vqËkvwmZ cÖwZôv‡b cwiYZ Kiv
12. kvmb e¨q n«vm Kiv I gš¿x‡ì †eZb GK nvRvi UvKvi †ewk bv Kiv
13. `ybx©w Z I ¯^RbcÖxwZ eÜ Kivi Kvh© Ki eë¯’v MÖn Y Kiv
14. Rb wbivcËv AvBb I AwW©b¨vÝ cÖf„w Z evwZj Kiv
15. wePvi I kvmb wefvM c„_ KxKiY Kiv
16. gyL¨gš¿xi evmfeb Ôea©gvb nvDmÕ‡K evsjv fvlv M‡elYvMv‡i cwiYZ Kiv
17. evsjv fvlv Kivi `vwe‡Z wbnZ knx`‡ì ¯§„wZi D‡Ï‡k¨ knx` wgbvi wbg©vY Kiv
18. GKz‡k †deªyqvwi‡K knx` wèm †NvlYv K‡i miKvwi Qzw Ui w`b †NvlYv
19. jv‡nvi cÖ ¯vÍ ‡ei wfwË‡Z c~e© cvwK¯Í v‡bi c~Y © ¯^ vqËkvmb cÖ`vb
20. AvBb cwil‡ì †gqv` †Kvbfv‡eB e„w× bv Kiv
21. AvBb cwil‡ì Avmb k~b¨ n‡j wZb gv‡mi g‡a¨ Dcwbe©vPb w`‡q Zv c~iY Kiv|
1954 mv‡ji cÖv‡`wkK wbe© vPb I djvdj
1954 mv‡ji wbe©vPb AbywôZ n‡qwQj cÖavbZ ¯^ vqËkvm‡bi `vwe‡Z| 1954 mv‡ji 8
gv‡P©i wbe©vPb wQj c~e© evsjvq cÖ_g Aeva I me©Rbxb †fvUvwaKv‡ii gva¨‡g mvaviY
wbe©vPb| GB wbe©vP‡b kZKiv 37.19 fvM †fvUvi †fvU †`q| 2 GwcÖj wbe©vP‡bi
djvdj cÖKvwkZ nq| wbe©vP‡b gymwjg jxM †kvPbxqfv‡e civwRZ nq| wekvj eëav‡b
Rqjvf K‡i hy³d«›U| †gvU 309wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ hy³d«›U jvf K‡i 223wU Avmb|
¶gZvmxb gymwjg jxM cvq 9wU Avmb| cvwK¯Ívb RvZxq Ks‡MÖm 24wU, Zdwmj

†dWv‡ikb 27wU, †Ljvd‡Z ieŸvbx 2wU, wLª÷vb 1wU, †eŠ× 1wU, Kgy¨wb÷ cvwU© 4wU
Avmb jvf K‡i| wbe©vP‡b gyL¨gš¿x b~jyj Avgxbmn gymwjg jx‡Mi †ek K‡qKRb †K›`ªxq
†bZv civwRZ nb| g~j Z gymwjg jx‡Mi mvsMVwbK `ye©jZv, ivóª fvlv cÖ‡kœ Zv‡ì
Ae¯’vb, cÖv‡`wkK ¯^vqËkvm‡bi we‡ivwaZv, c~e© evsjvi A_©‰bwZK `yM©wZ I †bZ…‡ Z¡i
Rbwew”Qbœ ZvB gymwjg jx‡Mi civR‡qi KviY|
wbe©vP‡bi Zvrch©
1954 mv‡ji wbe©vPb wQj cÖvß eq¯‹‡ì †fv‡Ui wfwË‡Z cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖ_g Aeva
wbe©vPb| G wbe©vPb wQj gymwjg jx‡Mi Ab¨vq, êlg¨g~jK, e¨_© kvm‡bi wejy‡× evOvwji
HKë× cÖw Zev`| wbe©vP‡b hy³d«‡›Ui wecyj weRq G AÂ‡ji gvby‡li g‡b e¨vcK Drmvn
I DÏxcbv m„wó K‡i| Zv‡ì cÖ v‡`wkK ¯^ vqËkvm‡bi `vex †Rvi`vi nq| evOvwj RvwZ G
wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g gymwjg jxM‡K eywS‡q †`q †h Zviv c~e© evsjvq gymwjg jxM‡K Avi Pvq
bv| hy³d«‡›Ui †bZ…e„‡›ì RbwcÖq Zv, we‡kl K‡i Zjy Y †bZ…‡ Z¡i RbwcÖ qZv c~e© evsjvi
fwel¨Z †bZ…Z¡ ˆZwii c_ myMg K‡i| KviY A‡bK ZjyY †bZvi Kv‡Q gymwjg jx‡Mi eo
eo †bZ…‡Z¡i civRq N‡U| G wbe©vP‡b hy³d«‡›Ui Rqjv‡fi g‡a¨ w`‡q c~ e© evsjvi
ivRbxwZ‡Z ag©wbi‡c¶ avivi m„wó nq| evOvwjiv eyS‡Z cv‡i cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb I Zv‡ì
G‡`wkq †`vmi‡ì Øviv evOvwji cÖK…Z gyw³ m¤¢e bq| ZvB Zviv evOvwj RvZxqZvev`x
Av`‡k©i wfwË‡Z c~e© evsjvi ¯^ vqËkvm‡bi cÖwZ c~Y © mg_©b e¨³ K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K wewfbœ
`j wb‡q hy³d«›U MwVZ nIqvq GB `‡ji †fZi ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB wfbœg‡Zi †bZv‡ì
Dcw¯’w Z wQj| wbe©vP‡b Rqjvf Ki‡jI hy³d«‡›Ui GB `ye©jZv †_‡K wM‡qwQj|
hy³d«‡›Ui GB `ye©jZvi welqwU gymwjg jx‡Mi †Pv‡L †Zgb GKUv aiv c‡owb|
hy³d«‡›Ui weR‡q Zviv Lye fxZ n‡q c‡o| Gevi my‡hvM LuyR‡Z _v‡K wKfv‡e GB
weR‡qi djvdj‡K evbPvj Kiv hvq|
gwš¿mfv MVb
1954 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b Rqjvf K‡i hy³d« ›U miKvi MVb K‡i| hy³d«‡›Ui Ab¨Zg †bZv
†mvnivIqv`© x †K›`ªxq ivRbxwZ‡Z e¨¯Í _vKvq †k‡i evsjv G †K dRjyj nK 4 m`m¨
wewkó gš¿x mfvi gyL¨gš¿x nb| wZwb wb‡R gyL¨gwš¿i `vwqZ¡ QvovI A_©, ivR¯^ I ¯îvóª
wefv‡Mi `vwqZ¡ †bb| †g gv‡m 14 m`m¨ wewkó c~Y ©v½ gwš¿mfv MVb Kiv nq| gwš¿mfvi
Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡ì g‡a¨ Avey †nv‡mb miKvi wePvi, ¯^ v¯’¨ I ¯’vbxq miKvi, ˆmq`
AvwRRyj nK wk¶v, e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb K… wl, mgevq I cj - x Dbœqb wefv‡Mi
`vwqZ¡ jvf K‡ib| †k‡i evsjv Ges hy³d«›U gwš¿mfvi m`m¨ †kL gywReyi ingvb
¯^vqËkvmb Av`v‡qi e¨vcv‡i †Póv Pvjv‡Z _v‡Kb| wbe©vPbx cÖwZkÖy wZ Abyhvqx GB
gwš¿mfv evsjv‡K Ab¨Zg ivóª fvlv, 21 †deªyqvwi‡K knx` wèm I miKvwi QzwU †NvlYv
Ges ea©gvb nvDR‡K evsjv GKv‡Wgx Kivi cÖ ¯vÍ emg~n Aby‡gv`b K‡ib| †K›`ª xq miKvi
G‡Z ¶zä n‡q I‡V|
hy³d«›U gwš¿mfvi Aemvb
1954 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b hy³d«‡›Ui wbi¼zk weRq ¶gZvmxb gymwjg jxM fv‡jvfv‡e MÖnY
K‡iwb| ZvB ïjy†_‡KB Zviv hy³d« ›U miKv‡ii wejy‡× lohš¿ ïiyK‡i| G mg‡q G. †K.
dRjyj nK KjKvZv md‡i `yB evsjv wb‡q Av‡eMcÖeY e³e¨ w`‡q †K›`ª xq miKv‡ii
weivMfvRb nb| 1954 wLª÷v‡ãi 30 GwcÖj dRjyj nK Avgwš¿Z n‡q KjKvZv

wM‡qwQ‡jb| †mLv‡b e³…Zv †`qvi mgq wZwb wk¶v I ms¯‹…wZi w`K †_‡K `yB evsjv †h
Awfbœ Zv eY©bv K‡ib| Zvi GB e³…Zvi m~ Î a‡i gymwjg jx‡Mi †K›`ª xq †bZviv my‡hvM
†c‡q hvb| Zviv †`L‡Z †c‡jb GB e³…Zvi †ik a‡i dRjyj nK‡K AcmviY Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i| Zuvi wejy‡× †`k‡`ª vwnZvi Awf‡hvM Avbv nq| cÖPvi Kiv nq dRjyj nK fvi‡Zi
Kv‡Q c~e©e vsjv wewµ K‡i w`‡Z Pvb| GKB mv‡_ †K›`ª xq miKv‡ii loh‡š¿ c~e© evsjvi
wewfbœ ¯’v‡b AvBb-k„•Ljvi AebwZ NUv‡bv n‡Z _v‡K| †g gv‡m †K›`ªxq KvivMv‡ii
mvg‡b Kviv KZ©„c¶ I ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ i³¶qx msNl© Ges Av`gRx RyU wg‡j
evOvwj I wenvix kª wgK‡ì g‡a¨ e¨vcK †Mvj‡hvM nq| d‡j †K›`ª xq miKvi hy³d«›U
gwš¿mfv‡K AvBb-k„•Ljv i¶v Ki‡Z e¨_© e‡j `vqx Ki‡Z _v‡K| GB mg‡q ÔwbDBqK©
UvBgmÕ-G dRjyj n‡Ki GK mv¶vrKvi weK… Z K‡i cÖKvwkZ nq †h wZwb c~e© evsjvi
¯^vaxbZv Pvb| G‡Z gymwjg jxM miKvi Zuv‡K ivóª‡`ª vnx e‡j †NvlYv †`q| Ae‡k‡l
†K›`ª xq miKvi 1954 mv‡ji 30 †g hy³d«›U gwš¿mfv evwZj K‡i c~e© evsjvq cvwK¯Ív‡bi
MfY©i †Rbv‡ij †Mvjvg gynv¤§` c~e© evsjvq †K‡›`ªi kvmb Rvwi K‡ib| G kvmb Rvwi
wQj 1955 mv‡ji 2 Ryb ch©šÍ| gymwjg jxM I †K›`ª xq miKv‡ii loh‡š¿ gvÎ Pvi eQ‡i
mvZ gwš¿mfvi cZb N‡U| †K›`ª xq miKvi wZbevi Mfb©‡ii kvmb Rvwi K‡i| hy³d«‡›Ui
`j¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ¶gZvi Ø›Ø I †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii Pµv‡šÍi d‡j MYZvwš¿ K eë¯’ v M‡o
DV‡Z cv‡iwb| 1956 mvj ch© šÍ c~ e© evsjvq †K‡›`ªi kvmb ejer wQj|
mvi-ms‡¶c 1947 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb ivóª m„wói ci †_‡K cvwK¯Í vwb kvmK P‡µi kvmb I †kvl‡Yi
wkKvi n‡q c~e© evsjvi gvbyl gymwjg jx‡Mi Dci †_‡K Av¯’v nvwi‡q †d‡j| GB Ae¯’vq
1954 mv‡ji cÖv‡`wkK cwil` wbe© vP‡bi ZvwiL †NvlYv Kiv nq| c~e© evsjvi gvbyl
gymwjg jxM‡K civwRZ Kivi Rb¨ HKë×fv‡e wbe©vP‡b Ask †bq| Gfv‡e c~e© evsjvi
K‡qKwU ivR‰bwZK `j wb‡q MwVZ nq hy³d«›U| hy³d«›U wbe© vP‡b wecyj weRq AR©b
K‡i| †k‡i evsjv G †K dRjyj n‡Ki †bZ…‡ Z¡ MwVZ nq hy³d«›U gš¿xmfv| wKš‘ gymwjg
jx‡Mi †K›`ª xq miKv‡ii loh‡š¿ AwbqgZvwš¿Kfv‡e Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨B hy³d«›U gwš¿mfv
†f‡½ †`qv nq| ZLb c~e© evsjvq †K‡›`ªi kvmb Rvwi Kiv nq Ges 1956 mvj ch©šÍ Zv
ejer _v‡K|

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
 1. cÖv‡`wkK wbe©vP‡bi ZvwiL wVK Kiv n‡qwQj 

K. 1954 wLª÷v‡ãi 8 gvP©
M. 1954 wLª÷v‡ãi 30 †g
L. 1954 wLª÷v‡ãi 30 GwcÖj
N. 1954 wLª÷v‡ãi 30 Ryb
2. wbe©vP‡b hy³d« ›U jvf K‡i 
K. 309wU Avmb L. 223 wU Avmb
M. 27wU Avmb N. 136wU Avmb
3. hy³d«›U gwš¿mfv †f‡½ †`qv nq 
K. 1954 wLª÷v‡ãi 30 †g L. 1954 wLª÷v‡ãi 4 wW‡m¤î
M. 1954 wLª÷v‡ãi 30 GwcÖj N. 1954 wLª÷v‡ãi 4 †g

msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ
 1. Kxfv‡e hy³d«È MwVZ n‡qwQj?
2. 1954 wLª÷v‡ãi wbe© vP‡bi djvdj wK n‡qwQj?
3. †Kvb †Kvb ivR‰bwZK `j wb‡q hy³d«›U MwVZ nq|
cvV
msweavb cÖYq‡b wej¤^, mvgwiK kvmb I ZrKvjxb ivRbxwZ (1956-1965)
5
D‡Ïk¨
 cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖ_g msweavb Rvwi m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
 AvBqye Lv‡bi ¶gZv `Lj I Zvui Kvh© vewji weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy× ch©šÍ cvwK¯Í v‡bi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ivR‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ
e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
f~wgKv
GKwU iv‡óªi m‡e©v”P AvBb n‡”Q msweavb| msweav‡bi gva¨‡g iv‡óªi kvmbKvh©
cwiPvwjZ nq| cvwK¯Í vb ivóª wnmv‡e AvZ¥cÖ Kv‡ki ci wewfbœ ch©vq n‡Z `ªyZ msweavb
iPbvi `vwe DÌvwcZ nq| we‡kl K‡i c~e© evsjvi c¶ †_‡K msweavb cÖ Yq‡bi †Rvov‡jv
`vwe I‡V| GiB cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z 1956 mv‡j cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖ_g msweavb †NvlYv Kiv nq|
GwU wQj msm`xq miKvi eë¯’vi msweavb| G msweav‡bi gva¨‡g ÔcvwK¯Í vb Bmjvwg
cÖRvZš¿Õ bvg aviY K‡i| cwðgvÂ‡ji cÖ‡`k¸‡jv‡K GKwÎZ K‡i GK BDwbU MVb Kiv
nq Ges bvgKiY Kiv nq cwðg cvwK¯Í vb| c~e© evsjvi bvg nq c~e© cvwK¯Í vb| msweav‡b
mKj wel‡q msL¨vmvg¨ bxwZ ¯^xK… wZ nq| evsjv Ges D`y©‡K ivóª fvlvi gh©v`v †`qv nq|
Z‡e GB msweav‡bi gva¨‡g c~e© evsjv‡K Kvh© Z cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi GKwU Dcwb‡ek
wn‡m‡e cwiYZ Kivi †Póv Kiv nq| c~e© evsjvi mykxj mgvR Ges ivR‰bwZK †bZ…Z¡
cwiw¯’wZ Abya veb K‡i cÖw Zev‡` †mv”Pvi nb|
1956 mv‡ji msweavb
cvwK¯Ívb ivóª cÖwZôvi ci 1947 mv‡ji fviZ ¯^vaxbZv AvBb Øviv bZzb ivóª cwiPvwjZ
n‡Z _v‡K| 1946 mv‡ji wbe© vwPZ MYcÖw Zwbwa‡ì wb‡q cvwK¯Í vb MYcwil` MwVZ nq|
GB MYcwil‡ì `vwqZ¡ wQj GKwU bZzb msweavb cÖY qb Kiv| wKš‘ kvmK‡Mvôxi Awbnvi
Kvi‡Y GB Kv‡R wej¤^ nq| 1949 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m msweavb iPbvi Rb¨ GKwU g~jbxwZ
KwgwU MVb Kiv nq| GB KwgwU‡Z c~e© evsjvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ wQj LyeB Kg| g~jbxwZ KwgwU
18 gvm c‡i Zv‡ì mycvwik I cÖwZ‡e`b †ck K‡i| GB KwgwUi mycvwi‡k c~e© evsjvi
RbMY‡K mew`K †_‡K ewÂZ Kiv nq| 1950 mv‡ji †m‡Þgi gv‡m GB cÖwZ‡e`bwU

cÖKvwkZ nq| cÖ wZ‡e`b cÖKv‡ki ci c~e© evsjvq e¨vcK cÖw Zev` nq Ges KwgwUi
mycvwik cÖZ¨vL¨vb Kiv nq| g~jbxwZ KwgwU 1952 mv‡j wØZxq Ges 1953 mv‡j Z… Zxq
cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvk K‡i| wKš‘ msweavb cÖYq‡bi welqwU AwggvswmZ †_‡K hvq| 1955
mv‡j MfY©i †Rbv‡ij cvwK¯Í v‡bi msweavb cÖYq‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡ib Ges 1956
mv‡j msweavb iwPZ nq| GB msweavb Pvjy wQj gvÎ `y eQi| 1958 mv‡j AvBqye Lvb
mvgwiK kvmb Rvwi Ki‡j msweavb ¯’w MZ Kiv nq| msweavb ¯’wMZ Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_
cvwK¯Ív‡b mvsweavwbK kvm‡bi Aemvb N‡U|
†cÖwm‡W›U B¯‹v›`vi wgR©vi AMYZvwš¿ K Kvh©Kjvc
†Mvjvg gynv¤§‡ì c`Z¨v‡Mi ci B¯‹v›`vi wgR©v cvwK¯Ívb Bmjvwg cÖRvZ‡š¿i cÖ_g
†cÖwm‡W›U wbhy³ nb| Zuvi AMYZvwš¿K AvPiY I n¯Í‡¶‡ci d‡j 1956-58 mv‡ji
g‡a¨ †K‡›`ª wZbwU gwš¿mfvi cZb N‡U| GB mgq c~e© cvwK¯Í v‡bI ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’iZv
†`Lv †`q| c~e© cvwK¯Ívb cÖv‡`wkK cwil` m`m¨‡ì g‡a¨ †Mvj‡hv‡M cwil` K‡¶B
†WcywU ¯úxKvi kv‡n` Avjx AvnZ nb Ges ciw`b nvmcvZv‡j g„ZyëiY K‡ib| Zuvi
g„Zzï NUbv‡K ARynvZ wn‡m‡e eënvi K‡i †cÖwm‡W›U wgR©v †emvgwiK kvmb Aemv‡bi
D‡`¨vM †bb|
mvgwiK kvmb Rvwi
cvwK¯Ívb ivóª m„wói ci †_‡KB kvmb eë¯’ vq GKai‡Yi ˆ¯îZvwš¿ K I AvgjvZvwš¿K
cÖeYZv j¶ Kiv hvq| 1956 mv‡ji 23 gvP© †Rbv‡ij B¯‹v›`vi wgR© v cvwK¯Í vb Bmjvwg
cÖRvZ‡š¿i cÖ_g †cÖwm‡W›U g‡bvbxZ nb| 1958 mv‡ji 7 A‡±vei B¯‹v›`vi wgR©v gvwjK
wd‡ivR Lv‡bi msm`xq miKvi DrLvZ K‡i †`‡k mvgwiK kvmb Rvwi K‡ib| †mbvcÖ avb
AvBqye Lvb‡K cÖavb mvgwiK kvmK wbhy³ K‡ib| msweavb evwZj, AvBb cwil` I
gš¿xmfv †f‡½ †`qv nq| mKj ivR‰bwZK `j wbwl× Kiv nq| †gRi †Rbv‡ij IgivI
Lvb c~e© evsjvi mvgwiK cÖkvmK wbhy³ nb| †cÖwm‡W›U B¯‹v›`vi wgR©vi MYZš¿ we‡ivax
Dc‡iv³ Kvh©µ‡g cÖavb mn‡hvMx wQ‡jb AvBqye Lvb| D”Pwejvmx AvBqye Lvb 27
A‡±vei 21 w`‡bi gv_vq B¯‹v›ì wgR©v‡K c`Pz¨Z K‡i wb‡R‡K †cÖwm‡W›U wn‡m‡e
†NvlYv K‡ib|
ivR‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ûi Dci wb‡lavÁv
†Rbv‡ij AvBqye Lvb ¶gZv Kzw¶MZ Kivi ci cvwK¯Í v‡bi kvmb I ivR‰bwZK
KvVv‡gvi Avg~j cwieZ©b Kivi D‡`¨vM †bb| wZwb K‡Vvi n‡¯Í `~bx© wZ `gb I `ªe¨g~j¨
wbqš¿Y K‡ib| AZtci wZwb ivR‰bwZK wbqš¿Y cÖ wZôvi D‡`¨vM †bb| 1959 mv‡j
Ô†cv‡WvÕ (Public Office Disqualification Order, PODO) Ges ÔGe‡WvÕ
(Elective Bodies Disqualification Order, EBDO) bvgK `ywU Av‡`k Rvwi K‡i
ivR‰bwZK `‡ji Kvh©Kjvc I wbe©vP‡b ivRbxwZwe`‡ì AskMÖnY wbwl× K‡ib|
†gŠwjK MYZš¿ cÖeZ© b
1958 mv‡j ¶gZvq AwawôZ n‡qB †Rbv‡ij AvBqye Lvb cvwK¯Í v‡bi kvmb KvVv‡gv
Ges ivR‰bwZK KvVv‡gvi Avg~j cwieZ©‡bi D‡`¨vM †bb| 1959 mv‡ji A‡±vei gv‡m
AvBqye Lvb MYZvwš¿K c×wZ cwiZ¨vM K‡i GKwU bZzb wbe© vPb KvVv‡gv cÖeZ© b K‡ib|
Zuvi GB wbe©vP‡bi g~jwfwË wQj Ô†gŠwjK MYZš¿Õ| GB eë¯’vi gva¨‡g wbw`©ó msL¨K

†jvK †cÖwm‡W›U wbe© vP‡bi AwaKvi jvf K‡i| GB cÖwµqvi Ask wn‡m‡e cvwK¯Ív‡bi `yB
AÂj †_‡K 40 nvRvi K‡i 80 nvRvi †gŠwjK MYZš¿x m`m¨ wbe©vPb Kiv nq| AvBqye
Lvb 4 ¯Íi wewkó cÖkvmwbK KvVv‡gv M‡o †Zv‡jb| †gŠwjK MYZš¿ eë¯’vq wbgœ †_‡K
D”P ¯Íi¸‡jv wQj : 1. BDwbqb cwil` (MÖv‡g) Ges UvDb I BDwbqb KwgwU (kn‡i), 2.
_vbv cwil` (c~e© evsjvq) Ges Znwkj cwil` (cwðg cvwK¯Í v‡b), 3. †Rjv cwil`, 4.
wefvMxq cwil`| GB cwil`¸‡jv‡Z wbe© vwPZ Ges g‡bvbxZ Dfq ai‡Yi m`m¨
_vK‡Zb| GivB RvZxq I cÖ v‡`wkK cwil‡ì wbe©vP‡b †fvU `v‡bi ¶gZvi AwaKvix
wQ‡jb| 1960 mv‡j Gme †gŠwjK MYZš¿x‡ì Av¯’v †fv‡U AvBqye Lvb cieZ© x cuvP
eQ‡ii Rb¨ †cÖwm‡W›U wbe© vwPZ nb|
mvgwiK kvmbwe‡ivax Av‡›`vjb I 1962 mv‡ji msweavb

c~e© cvwK¯Í v‡bi cÖw Z cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb‡ì êlg¨g~jK AvPiY c~e©-cvwK¯Ív‡b Am‡šÍvl e„w×
K‡i| 1961 mv‡ji †kl w`‡K c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb ïjynq| 1962
mv‡ji 30 Rvbyqvwi †mvnivIqv`©x‡K †`kwe‡ivax loh‡š¿i Awf‡hv‡M †MÖd Zvi Kiv nq|
GB Lei c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b Qwo‡q co‡j QvÎiv miKviwe‡ivax cÖw Zwµqv e¨³ K‡i| MYZš¿
cybjy¾xe‡bi j‡¶¨ cwiPvwjZ Av‡›`vjb `g‡b AvBqye miKvi †MÖßvi wbh©vZb Pvjv‡j
QvÎ MYAv‡›`vjb Zxeª AvKvi aviY K‡i| G Ae¯’vq AvBqye Lvb 1962 mv‡ji 1 gvP©
GKwU msweavb †NvlYv K‡ib| msweav‡b †K›`ª I cÖ‡`‡ki gš¿xmfv I MfY©‡ii ¶gZv
ms†KvwPZ Kiv nq| †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui nv‡Z mKj ¶gZv †Kw›`ª f~Z Kiv nq| wePvi wefv‡Mi
¶gZvI Le© Kiv nq| Gi cÖw Zev‡` c~ e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi QvÎmgvR we‡¶vf-mgv‡ek I K¬ vm
eR©b K‡i| Av‡›`vjb cÖwZnZ Kivi Rb¨ AvBqye Lvb I c~e© evsjvi MfY©i †gvbv‡qg
Lvb QvÎ‡ì Ici K‡Vvi `gb bxwZ Pvjvb| 1962 mv‡ji AvM÷ gv‡m kixd Kwgk‡bi
wk¶vmsµvšÍ cÖwZ‡e`b cÖ Kvk †c‡j QvÎ Av‡›`vjb bZzb iƒc jvf K‡i| G Av‡›`vjb
ÔevlwÆi wk¶v Av‡›`vjbÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| 15 AvM÷ †_‡K 17 AvM÷ ch©šÍ cÖwZw`b
we‡¶vf wgwQj AbywôZ nq| 17 †m‡Þ¤î niZvj PjvKv‡j cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z K‡qKRb
QvÎ wbnZ Ges K‡qK kZ AvnZ nq| 8 Ryb mvgwiK AvBb ¯’wMZ K‡i `jxq
ivRbxwZi AwaKvi wdwi‡q †`qv nq|
ivR‰bwZK `‡ji cybjy¾ xeb

cvwK¯Ív‡bi wk¶v eë¯’vi ms¯‹v‡ii j‡¶¨ MwVZ nvwg`yi ingvb Kwgk‡bi wi‡cvU© c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡b e¨vcK cÖwZwµqv m„wó K‡i| Kwgkb wi‡cvU© evwZj Ges weÁvb wfwËK
MYZvwš¿ K wk¶v eë¯’v cÖeZ©‡bi `vwe‡Z 1962 mv‡j e¨vcK QvÎ we‡¶vf ïjynq| G
Ae¯’vq AvBqye Lvb ÔivR‰bwZK `jwewaÕ cÖeZ©b K‡i cvwK¯Í v‡b ivR‰bwZK `‡ji
cybjy¾xeb NUvb| AvBqye Lvb wb‡R ÔKb‡fbkb gymwjg jxMÕ bv‡g GKwU ivR‰bwZK
`j MVb K‡ib| cwðg cvwK¯Í v‡b KvDwÝj gymwjg jxM, Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx I †bRv‡g
Bmjvgx `j mwµq nq| Gmg‡q †mvnivIqv`©xi D‡`¨v‡M AvIqvgx jxM, †bRv‡g Bmjvg,
b¨vkbvj AvIqvgx cvwU©, KvDwÝj gymwjg jxM I b~jyj Avwg‡bi †bZ… Z¡vaxb gymwjg jxM
wg‡j b¨vkbvj †W‡gv‡µwUK d«›U ev Gb. wW. Gd MwVZ nq| GB d«‡›Ui D‡Ïk¨ wQj
MYZš¿ cybjy× vi I 1956 mv‡ji msweav‡b wd‡i hvIqv| GB d«›U Lye ZvovZvwo
RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡i| 1963 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i †mvnivIqv`©xi g„Zyï ci 1964 mv‡j †kL

gywReyi ingvb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi cybjy¾ xeb I cyb©MVb K‡ib| AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZ…‡Z¡
c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b AvBqye we‡ivax MY Av‡›`vjb cwiPvwjZ nq|
1965 mv‡ji wbe©vPb
1964 mv‡j AvBqye Lvb †cÖwm‡W›U, RvZxq I cÖv‡`wkK wbe©vP‡bi †NvlYv †`b| 1965
mv‡ji 2 Rvbyq vwi †cÖ wm‡W›U wbe© vP‡b AvBqye Lvb we‡ivax GKK cÖv_x© †Ìqvi Rb¨
Avevi AvIqvgx jxM, b¨vc, KvDwÝj gymwjg jxM, †bRv‡g Bmjvg cÖf„wZ `j wg‡j
Ômw¤§wjZ we‡ivax `jÕ (Combined Opposition Party, COP) bv‡g GKwU †RvU MVb
K‡i| AvBqye Lv‡bi wejy‡× †cÖwm‡W›U wbe© vP‡b K‡ci cÖ v_x© wn‡m‡e dv‡Zgv wRbœvn
cÖwZØw›ØZv K‡ib| †gŠwjK MYZš¿x‡ì wbi¼yk mg_©‡b AvBqye Lvb dv‡Zgv wRbœvn‡K
mn‡RB civwRZ Ki‡Z m¶g nb| wZwb wØZxq ev‡ii gZ †cÖwm‡W›U wbe© vwPZ nb| 1965
mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m AbywôZ RvZxq Ges †g gv‡m AbywôZ cÖv‡`wkK wbe© vP‡bi djvdjI
miKvix `‡ji c‡¶ hvq| A‰ea cÖfve I cÖk vmwbK hš¿‡K eënvi K‡iB AvBqye Lvb
wbe©vP‡b Rq wbwðZ K‡ib| d‡j 1965 mv‡ji wbe©vPb cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivR‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ
Dbœq‡b †Kvb f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡iwb|
1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy×
1947 mv‡j fviZ I cvwK¯Í vb iv‡óªi m„wói ci Kvk¥xi‡K †K›`ª K‡i GB `yB †`‡ki
g‡a¨ we‡iv‡ai m~ÎcvZ nq| fviZ I cvwK¯Ívb Dfq †`kB Kvk¥xi‡K Zv‡ì Awe‡”Q`¨
Ask e‡j g‡b KiZ| Kvk¥xi mgm¨v‡K †K›`ª K‡i 1965 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤î gv‡m cvK-
fviZ hy× ïjynq| 6 AvM÷ cvwK¯Í vb evwnbx fviZ AvµgY Ki‡j fviZ-cvwK¯Í vb hy×
ïjynq| 6 †m‡Þ¤î fviZ jv‡nvi Avµg‡Y AMÖmi nq| 17 w`b hy‡×i ci RvwZms‡Ni
ga¨¯’Zvq 23 †m‡Þ¤î hy× weiwZ †NvwlZ nq| 1966 mv‡ji 10 Rvbyqvwi ¯^v¶wiZ
ÔZvmL›` Pzw³Õi gva¨‡g fviZ I cvwK¯Ív‡bi g‡a¨ we‡iv‡ai Avby ôvwbK mgvwß N‡U|
c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖw Zwµqv
cvK-fviZ hy‡×i d‡j c~e© cvwK¯Í v‡b AvBqyewe‡ivax †PZbv cÖejfv‡e RvMÖZ nq| cvK-
fviZ hy× I ZvmL›` Pzw³ c~e© I cwðg cvwK¯Í v‡b Zxeª Am‡šÍvl m„wó K‡i| KviY hy‡×
GUv ¯úó n‡q hvq †h c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi †Kv‡bv cÖw Zi¶veë¯’v wQj bv| AvBqye Lv‡bi
RbwcÖqZv n«vm cvq| G hy‡×i mgq wbivcËvi †¶‡Î c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi †fŠ‡MvwjK
Amnvq‡Z¡i cÖm½wU we‡klfv‡e cÖKvwkZ nq| hy× PjvKv‡j c~e© cvwK¯Í v‡bi Aiw¶Z
Ae¯’ v cÖKvwkZ nq| Z`y cwi hy ×RwbZ Kvi‡Y A_©bxwZ‡Z A‡nZz K Pvc c‡o| c~e© cvwK¯Í v‡bi
`vex `vIqvi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z AvIqvgx jxM †bZv †kL gywReyi ingvb Qq `dv Kg©m~wP
Dc¯’ vcb K‡ib|
mvi-ms‡¶c 1956 mv‡j cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖ_g msweavb iwPZ nq| cvwK¯Ívb Bmjvwg cÖR vZ‡š¿i cÖ_g
†cÖwm‡W›U B¯‹v›ì wgR©vi we‡ivax Kvh© Kjv‡c c~e© I cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b D™¢yZ ivR‰bwZK
cwiw¯’wZ 1958 mv‡j mvgwiK AvBb Rvwi Kiv nq| cÖavb mvgwiK AvBb cÖ kvmK
†Rbv‡ij AvBqye Lvb †cÖwm‡W›U B¯‹v›`vi wgR©v‡K c`Pz¨Z K‡i ¶gZv `Lj K‡ib| Zu vi
AMYZvwš¿K I GKbvqKZvwš¿K kvmb eë¯’v c~e© cvwK¯Í v‡b e¨vcK QvÎ MY Av‡›`vj‡bi
m~Pbv K‡i| bvbv iKg K‚U‡KŠkj I `gb bxwcob m‡Ë¡I Av‡›`vjb µgk †Rvi`vi nq|
1966 mv‡j Qq`dv Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g Zv AvBqy‡ei kvmb wfwË‡K cÖKw¤úZ K‡i †Zv‡j|


ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
 1. c~e© evsjvi Ôc~e© cvwK¯Í vbÕ bvgKiY Kiv nq 

K. 1947 mv‡j
M. 1954 mv‡j
L. 1950 mv‡j
N. 1956 mv‡j
2. †gŠwjK MYZš¿ cÖeZ© b K‡ib 
K. B¯‹v›ì wgR©v L. gvIjvbv fvlvbx
M. AvBqye Lvb N. †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`x©
3. cvwK¯Ív‡bi wØZxq msweavb iwPZ nq 
K. 1956 mv‡j L. 1958 mv‡j
M. 1960 mv‡j N. 1962 mv‡j
4. 1965 mv‡ji †cÖwm‡W›U wbe© vP‡b ÔKcÕ Gi cÖ v_©x wQ‡jb 
K. AvRg Lvb L. dv‡Zgv wRbœvn
M. †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`x© N. gvIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvlvbx
msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ
 1. †gŠwjK MYZš¿ ej‡Z wK ey‡ Sb?
2. 1962 mv‡ji msweav‡bi g~j êwkó¨ wjLyb|
3. 1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy× m¤ú‡K© c~ e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖwZwµqv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
cvV
Qq-`dv I GMvi `dv Av‡›`vjb
6
D‡Ïk¨
 Qq `dv `vwe Kx Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 Qq `dv DÌvcb Kivi ci Kx cÖwZwµqv m„wó n‡qwQj, Zv we‡k- lY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 GMvi `dv Av‡›`vjb m¤ú‡K© eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
f~wgKv
cvwK¯Ívwb Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb I †kvlY †_‡K c~e© evsjvi RbMY‡K gy³ Kivi Rb¨ e½eÜz
†kL gywReyi ingvb 1966 mv‡j Qq `dv Kg©m~wP †NvlYv K‡ib| Qq `dv `vwe Av`v‡qi
gva¨‡g c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi êl‡gï nvZ †_‡K i¶v Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb|
fviZ-cvwK¯Ívb hy× Aemv‡bi ci c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi wbivcËvi cÖwZ cwðg cvwK¯Í vwb
miKv‡ii Pig Ae‡njv Ges Gi cvkvcvwk ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK, cÖk vmwbK, mvgwiK,
wk¶v cÖ f„w Z †¶‡Î c~e© cvwK¯Í v‡bi cÖ wZ mxgvnxb êl‡gï wejy‡× e½eÜz †mv”Pvi nb|
lv‡Ui `k‡K c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivRbxwZ‡Z me‡P‡q RbwcÖq `j wQj AvIqvgx jxM|
AvIqvgx jxM †bZv e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb G mgq GwM‡q G‡jb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi
gyw³i mb` wb‡q| GB mb`wU wQj HwZnvwmK Qq `dv|

c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi gyw³i mb` Qq `dv

1966 mv‡ji 5-6 †deªyqvwi jv‡nv‡i we‡ivax`jxq †bZviv GKwU m‡¤§jb AvnŸvb K‡ib|
AvIqvgx jx‡Mi kxl© †bZv‡ì wb‡q e½eÜz jv‡nv‡i †cuŠQvb| we‡ivax `‡ji m‡¤§jb
PjvKv‡j e½eÜz Qq `dv Kg©m~wP †ck Ki‡j m‡¤§j‡bi †bZ…e„›` Zv cÖ Z¨vL¨vb K‡ib|
e½eÜz m‡¤§jb eR©b K‡i mvsevw`K m‡¤§jb K‡i Qq`dv Kg©m~wP †NvlYv K‡i XvKvq P‡j
Av‡mb| 21 †deªyqvwi e½eÜzi bv‡g ÔAvgv‡ì euvPvi `vwe: Qq `dv-Kg©m~wPÕ kxl©K GKwU
cyw¯Í Kv cÖ Kvk Kiv nq| Qq `dv‡Z wQj c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK I
cÖwZi¶v welqK `vex| Qq `dv Kg©m~wP wQj wbgœiƒc-
Qq `dvi Kg©m~wPmg~n
1. jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡ei wfwË‡Z msweavb iPbv K‡i cvwK¯Í v‡bi Rb¨ GKwU hy³ivóªxq
kvmbZš¿ cÖ Yqb Ki‡Z n‡e| GwU n‡e msm`xq c×wZi hy³ivóª eë¯’v| cÖvß
eq¯‹‡ì mivmwi †fv‡U mKj wbe©vPb Aby wôZ n‡e| AvBbmfv¸‡jv n‡e mve©‡fŠg|
2. ïay †`ki¶v Ges ciivóª welq _vK‡e †K›`ª xq miKv‡ii nv‡Z| Aewkó ¶gZv
_vK‡e cÖ‡`k¸‡jvi nv‡Z|
3. †`‡ki `yB As‡k mn‡RB wewbgq‡hvM¨ A_P c„_ K `y‡Uv gy`ªv _vK‡e| A_ev
†dWv‡ij e¨vs‡Ki Aax‡b `yB †`‡ki `ywU wiRvf© e¨vsK eë¯’ vmn GKB ai‡bi gy`ªv
Pvjy _vK‡e|
4. AvÂwjK miKv‡i nv‡Z _vK‡e mKj cÖKvi Ki avh© Kivi I Av`v‡qi ¶gZv|
Av`vqK… Z ivR‡¯î GKwU Ask †K›`ªxq miKvi‡K †`qv n‡e|
5. `yB AÂ‡ji ê‡`wkK gy`ªvi Avjv`v Avjv`v wn‡me _vK‡e| cÖ‡qvR‡b `yB AÂj
†_‡K mgvbfv‡e A_ev msweav‡b wba©vwiZ nv‡i †K›`ª ê‡`wkK gy`ªv cv‡e|
6. A½ivR¨¸‡jv AvÂwjK †mbvevwnbx A_© vr wgwjwkqv I c¨viv wgwjwkqv MVb I
cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
Qq `dvi cÖwZwµqv
1966 mv‡ji 13 gvP© AvIqvgx jx‡Mi IqvwK©s KwgwU‡Z Qq `dv Kg©m~wP M„nxZ nq|
e½eÜz Qq `dvi c‡¶ RbgZ M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ wewfbœ ¯’v‡b e³e¨ †`b Ges Qq `dv‡K
ÔAvgv‡ì euvPvi `vweÕ AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib| d‡j Qq `dvi c‡¶ `ªy Z RbgZ M‡o D‡V| Qq
`dv †NvwlZ nIqvi ci c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi RbM‡Yi g‡b bZzb Avkvi Av‡jv †`Lv †`q| w`b
w`b Qq `dvi Kg©m~wP RbwcÖ qZv †c‡Z _v‡K| AvBqye Lv‡bi miKvi Zv‡Z AvZw¼Z n‡q
AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZv-Kg©x‡ì aicvKo ïjy K‡i Ges cÖPvi K‡iZ _v‡K †h, Qq `dv
n‡”Q ivóª we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb| Zviv GB Av‡›`vjb cÖwZnZ Kivi Rb¨ `gb bxwZ cÖ‡qvM
Ki‡Z _v‡K| ivR‰bwZK †bZv‡ì Dci ïjynq nqivwb I wbh©vZb| 1966 mv‡ji 8 †g
†kL gywReyi ingvb‡K †`ki¶v AvB‡b †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| G‡Z AviI we¶z× n‡q c‡o
cÖwZev`x c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi RbMY| AvIqvgx jxM cvjb K‡i cÖwZev` wèm| †bZv‡ì
gyw³i `vwe‡Z 7 Ryb mgMÖ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b niZv‡ji WvK †`qv nq| miKv‡ii 144 aviv
D‡c¶v K‡i cÖ wZev`x gvbyl wgwQj †ei K‡i| GB w`b cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z 11 Rb wbnZ
Ges eûmsL¨K †jvK AvnZ nq| G NUbvi cÖw Zev‡` 8Ryb cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡` we‡ivax `j
IqvKAvDU K‡i|

e½eÜzi Qq `dv XvKvi ivRc‡_ 6 `dvi c‡ÿ wgwQj

Qq `dvi ¸jy Z¡
HwZnvwmK Qq `dv Kg©m~wP †NvlYvi gva¨‡g cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j evOvwji ¯^vqËkvmb
Av‡›`vjb P~ ovšÍ ch©v‡q †cŠQvq| GB Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g evOvwji ¯^vwaKvi AR©‡bi ch©vq
ïjynq| ZvB Qq `dvi ¸jyZ¡ wQj Acwimxg| Qq`dvi cÖw ZwU `dvB wQj Zvrch©c~Y© Ges
G Kvi‡Y G‡K evOvwji euvPvi `vwe ejv n‡q‡Q|
1. †kvl‡Yi wejy‡× ewjô KÉ¯î: cvwK¯Ív‡bi †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii `xN©Kvj †_‡K c~e ©
cvwK¯Ívb‡K †kvl‡Yi wejy‡× cÖ_g ewjô cÖwZev` wQj Qq `dv Kg©m~wP| e½eÜz Qq
`dv‡K Ôevsjvi K… lK, gRyi, kªwgK, ga¨weË Z_v Avcvgi Rbmvavi‡Yi gyw³i mb`
Ges evsjvi AwaKvi cÖw Zôvi wbwðZ c`‡¶cÕ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib| wZwb GwU‡K
euvPvi `vwe 6`dv e‡j D‡j- L K‡ib|
2. evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡ì P~ovšÍ ewn:cÖKvk: Qq `dv wQj evOvwji Avkv-AvKv•¶vi
cÖZxK| G Kvi‡Y Qq `dvi cÖw Z RbM‡Yi mg_©b wQj ¯^ Ztù‚Z©| Qq `dv Av‡›`vjb
K‡Vvifv‡e `g‡bi d‡j beRvMÖ Z †PZbv‡eva evOvwj RvwZ‡K HKë× K‡i| Gi
d‡j ¯^vqZ¡kvmb `vwe †Rvi`vi nq|
3. AvIqvgx jx‡Mi RbwcÖq Zv e„w ×: Qq `dv wfwËK `vwe¸‡jv wQj evOvwji cÖv‡Yi `vwe,
ZvB G `jwU 66 mv‡ji ci e¨vcK RbwcÖ qZv jvf K‡i|
4. ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe: Qq `dvi g‡a¨ w`‡qB c~e© evsjv‡K GKwU c„_K AÂj wn‡m‡e
wPwýZ K‡i AwaK ¯^ vqËkvmbvwaKvi `vwe Kiv n‡qwQj|
5. 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b cÖ fve: 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jx‡Mi wbe©vPbx
Kg©m~wP‡Z Qq `dv AšÍf³ ©y Kivq G `jwU e¨vcK RbwcÖqZv I wbi¼zk msL¨vMwiôZv
jvf K‡i|
6. gyw³hy‡× cÖfve: Qq `dv‡K †K›`ª K‡iB evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi exR AsKzwiZ nq|
70 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b Rqx n‡q evOvwji ¯^vËmvk‡bi welqwU mg‡qi e¨vcv‡i cwiYZ
nq| Gfv‡e Qq `dv evOvwj RvwZ‡K gyw³i †cÖiYv †`q|
AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv

cvwK¯Ívb ivóª m„wói ci †_‡KB c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖw Z cwðg cvwK¯Í vwb‡ì êlg¨ µ‡gB
evowQj| d‡j Qq `dvi Av‡›`vjb‡K _vwg‡q †`qvi Rb¨ miKvi Gevi bZzbfv‡e lohš¿
ïjyK‡i| 1968 mv‡ji Rvbyq vwi‡Z †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K cÖa vb Avmvgx K‡i miKvi
c¶ †_‡K GKwU gvgjv Kiv nq| miKvi c‡¶i Awf‡hvM wQj e½eÜzi †bZ…‡Z¡
Awfhy³iv fvi‡Zi wÎcyiv iv‡Rï ivRavbx AvMiZjv‡Z fviZxq miKvwi Kg©KZ©v‡ì
mv‡_ †Mvcb êVK K‡i‡Qb| †mB êV‡K fvi‡Zi mnvqZvq mk¯¿ Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g

c~e© cvwK¯Í vb‡K ¯^vaxb Kivi cwiKíbv Kiv nq| G Kvi‡Y gvgjvwUi bvg nq ÔAvMiZjv
lohš¿ gvgjvÕ| miKvwi bw_‡Z gvgjvi bvg wQ‡jv Ôivóª ebvg †kL gywReyi ingvb Ges
Ab¨vb¨Õ| GwU wQj ivóª‡`ªvwnZvi gvgjv| †kL gywRe ZLb †RjLvbvq e›`x| mvgwiK I
†emvgwiK Kg©KZ© v‡ì ga¨ †_‡K AviI 34 Rb‡K GB gvgjvi Avmvgx Kiv nq| Zv‡ì
wejy‡× Awf‡hvM Avbv nq GB e‡j †h, AvmvgxMY fvi‡Zi †hvMmvR‡k c~e© cvwK¯Í vb‡K
cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K wew”Qbœ Ki‡Z Pvq| Awf‡hv‡M AviI ejv nq †h, AvmvgxMY wÎcyiv
cÖ‡`‡ki AvMiZjvq e‡m GB lohš¿ K‡iwQj|
AvBqyewe‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi m~ÎcvZ

wePviKvh© Pjvi mgq cvwK¯Ív‡bi Dfq As‡k AvBqyewe‡ivax Av‡›`vjb `vbv eu va‡Z
_v‡K| c~e© cvwK¯Í v‡b e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi gyw³ I AvMiZjv gvgjv cÖ Z¨vnv‡ii
`vwe †Rvi`vi nq| cÖwZev`x gvbyl Avmvgx‡ì gyw³ Ges gvgjv cÖZ¨vnv‡ii Rb¨ Pvc
w`‡Z _v‡K| AwP‡iB GB Av‡›`vjb AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b iƒc jvf K‡i|
GKwU NUbv Av‡›`vjb‡K AviI Zxeª K‡i †Zv‡j|
1969 mv‡ji 15 †deªyqvwi AvMiZjv gvgjvi
Ab¨Zg Awfhy³ mv‡R©›U Rûjyj nK‡K ¸wj K‡i
nZ¨v Kiv nq| 18 †deªyqvwi ivRkvnx
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK I cÖ±i W.
kvgmy‡¾vnv‡K KZ©eïZ Ae¯’ vq webv Kvi‡Y
nZ¨v Kiv nq| G NUbv `ªy Z cwiw¯’wZ AkvšÍ K‡i
†Zv‡j| 21 †deªyqvwi AvBqye Lvb Zu vi c`Z¨v‡Mi
†NvlYv †`b| 22 †deªyqvwi mKj †MÖdZviK…Z
†bZv gyw³ jvf K‡ib| 23 †deªyqvwi gyw³cÖvß
†bZv †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b
GK weij MYmsea©bvq Ôe½eÜzÕ †LZv‡e f~wlZ
Kiv nq| 25 gvP© AvBqye Lvb c`Z¨vM K‡ib|
GMvi `dv Av‡›`vjb

AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi ga¨ w`‡q mvgwiK kvmb I AvBqye Lvb we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb hLb
Zxeª nw”Qj ZLb †bZ…‡Z¡i cy‡iv fv‡M P‡j Av‡m QvÎiv| G mg‡q WvKmyi mn-mfvcwZ
†Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g‡ì †bZ…‡Z¡ MwVZ nq me©`jxq QvÎ msMÖ vg cwil`| GB cwil` 1969
wLª÷v‡ãi Rvbyqvwi gv‡m GMvi `dv Kg©m~wP MÖnY K‡i| GMvi `dv Kg©m~wPi †fZi Qq
`dvI AšÍf©³ y wQj| Gi mv‡_ hy³ n‡qwQj wk¶v msµvšÍ †ek wKQz `vwe| GMvi `dv
Kg©m~wP‡Z wek¦we`¨vj‡qi AwW©b¨vÝ evwZ‡ji K_v ejv nq| ZvQvovI wk¶vi my‡hvM e„w×,
AvÂwjK ¯^ vqËkvmb, cÖvß eq¯‹‡ì †fvUvwaKv‡ii ¯^ vaxbZv, e„nr wkí cÖwZôvb
RvZxqKMiY, K…l K I kªwg‡Ki Rb¨ we‡kl myweav cÖ `vb, wbi‡c¶ ciivóª bxwZ MÖnY,
wbivcËv AvBb I Rjyix AvBb cÖ Z¨vnvi Ges ivRew›`‡ì gyw³ cÖf„w Z `vwe AšÍf©³
y wQj|
Gfv‡e µ‡g Qq `dv I GMvi `dvi ga¨ w`‡q AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb MY-Afy¨Ìv‡b
iƒc wb‡Z _v‡K|
mvi-ms‡¶c cvwK¯Ívwb ivóªh‡š¿i êlg¨g~jK bxwZi cÖwZwµqvq c~e© cvwK¯Í v‡bi gvbyl cÖw Zev`x n‡q
I‡V| G mgq GwM‡q Av‡mb AvIqvgx jxM †bZv †kL gywReyi ingvb| wZwb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi

gyw³i mb` wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ Qq `dv `vwe DÌvcb K‡ib| GB `vwe `ªyZ RbwcÖqZv jvf
Ki‡j cvwK¯Í vwb kvmKeM© fxZ n‡q c‡o| Zviv Av‡›`vjbKvix‡ì Dci AZ¨vPvi Pvjv‡Z
_v‡K| †kl ch©šÍ AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv `v‡qi K‡i †kL gywRemn A‡bK †bZv-Kgx©‡K
†MÖdZvi Kiv nq| wKš‘ GB `gb bxwZ Zv‡ì‡K AviI cÖw Zev`x K‡i †Zv‡j| Ae‡k‡l
Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L miKvi cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i gvgjv| Z‡e AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb G‡Z
†_‡g hvqwb| me©`jxq QvÎ msMÖ vg cwil` MVb K‡i QvÎiv Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZ…‡ Z¡ P‡j
Av‡m| QvÎiv DÌvcb K‡i GMvi `dv `vwe| Qq `dv I GMvi `dv Av‡›`vjb µ‡g MY
Av‡›`vj‡bi w`‡K GwM‡q hvq|

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
 1. Qq `dv `vwe cÖ_g DÌvcb Kiv nq 

K. XvKvq
M. AvMiZjvq
L. jv‡nv‡i
N. Bmjvgvev‡`
2. AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv `v‡qi Kiv nq 
K. 1966 wLª÷v‡ãi 5 †deªyq vwi L. 1966 wLª÷v‡ãi 8 †g
M. 1968 wLª÷v‡ãi Rvbyqvwi‡Z N. 1967 wLª÷v‡ãi gv‡P©
3. me©`jxq QvÎ msMÖvg cwil‡ì †bZ…Z¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb 
K. †Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g` L. †kL gywReyi ingvb
M. mv‡R©›U Rûjyj nK N. wK‡kvi gwZDi
msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ
 1. Qq `dv `vwe Kx?

2. Qq `dvi cÖwZwµqv e¨vL¨v Kjyb|
3. GMvi `dv Av‡›`vj‡bi eY©bv w`b|
cvV
1969 mv‡ji Af~¨Ìvb
7
D‡Ïk¨
 69 Gi MY Av‡›`vj‡bi †cÖ¶ vcU Kx wQj Zv eY© bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi cÖ Z¨¶ NUbvmg~‡ni weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 69 Gi MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi cÖwZwµqv Kx n‡qwQj Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
f~wgKv
1968 mv‡ji b‡f¤î gv‡m QvÎ Am‡šÍvl‡K †K›`ª K‡i †h Av‡›`vjb `vbv eu v‡a Zv
QvÎmgv‡Ri g‡a¨ mxgve× _v‡Kwb| G Av‡›`vjb Qwo‡q c‡o kn‡i I MÖ v‡gi kªwgK-K…lK

I mvaviY gvby‡li g‡a¨| cvwK¯Í v‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye Lv‡bi wejy‡× GK `ye© vi
Av‡›`vjb M‡o I‡V hv 1969 mv‡ji MY-Afy¨Ìv‡b iƒc †bq| AvBqye Lv‡bi cZb‡K
†K›`ª K‡i cvwK¯Í v‡bi `yB As‡ki gvbyl cÖ_gevi GKmv‡_ Av‡›`vj‡b bv‡g| AvBqye
Lv‡bi cZ‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡q Av‡›`vj‡bi mgvwß N‡U| cvwK¯Ívb ivóª cÖw Zôvi ci †_‡K
cwðg cvwK¯Í vwbiv c~e© cvwK¯Í v‡bi cÖwZ RvwZMZ wbcxob, eÂbv I êl‡gï m~ÎcvZ
K‡i| Zv‡ì GB êl‡gï wejy‡× fvlv Av‡›`vjb †_‡K ïjyK‡i 1960 Gi `k‡K wewfbœ
RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vjb M‡o I‡V| EbmË‡ii MYAfy¨Ìvb m„wó‡Z GB welq¸‡jv
¸jyZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| cvwK¯Ívb ivóª cÖw Zôvi ci GB Av‡›`vjb wQj me‡P‡q eo
Av‡›`vjb|
1969 Gi MYAv‡›`vj‡bi †cÖ¶vcU
1969 mv‡ji MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi g~j KviY wQj AvMiZjv gvgjv `v‡qi I †bZv‡ì wbwe©P v‡i
†MÖßvi, QvÎ‡ì Ici cywjkx wbh©vZb| Avi G Afy¨Ìv‡bi †cQ‡b gyL¨ f~wgKv cvjb
K‡iwQj c~e© evsjvi QvÎ mgvR| cvwK¯Ívb m„wói ci †_‡K cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb‡ì †kvlY I
wbh©vZ‡bi d‡j cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK‡ì cÖw Z c~e© cvwK¯Í v‡bi gvby‡li †Kvb Av¯’ v wQj bv|
Gi d‡j wewfbœ NUbv‡K †K›`ª K‡i AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb Zxeª †_‡K Zxeª Zg nw”Qj|
AvBqye Lvb AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi I ivRe›`x‡ì gyw³ w`‡qI Av‡›`vjb
_vgv‡Z cv‡iwb| 1968 mv‡ji GKwU NUbv cwiw¯’w Z‡Z AviI RwUj K‡i †Zv‡j| G
mgq AvBqye Lvb Zuvi kvmbKv‡ji Dbœq b `kK (1958-1968) cvj‡bi Avo¤îc~Y©
Av‡qvRb K‡ib| c~e© cvwK¯Í v‡bi gvby‡ li wbKU AvBqye Lv‡bi kvmb wQj †kvlY eÂbv
Avi wbh© vZ‡bi `kK| GB Dbœq‡bi `kK cvjb gvbyl‡K fxlYfv‡e we¶z× K‡i †Zv‡j|
1969 wLª÷v‡ã AvIqvgx jx‡Mi wKQz †bZ…e„ ›`‡K †Rj
†_‡K †Q‡o †`qvq Av‡›`vj‡bi MwZ e„w× cvq Ges
Av‡›`vjb AviI Qwo‡q co‡Z _v‡K|
gIjvbv fvmvbxi †bZ…‡Z¡ 1968 mv‡ji b‡f¤î gv‡mi QvÎ
Am‡šÍvl MY-Av‡›`vj‡b cwiYZ nq| 6 wW‡m¤î ÔRyjyg
cÖwZ‡iva wèmÕ cvj‡bi Rb¨ b¨vkbvj AvIqvgx cvwU©, c~e©
cvwK¯Ívb kªwgK †dWv‡ikb I c~e© cvwK¯Ívb K…l K mwgwZ
wg‡j cëb gq`v‡b GKwU Rbmfv Av‡qvRb K‡i|
†cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye Lvb
Rbmfvi ci GKwU weivU Ask wgwQj K‡i MfY©i nvDm
†NivI Ki‡j cywj‡ki mv‡_ e¨vcK msNl© nq| Gi cÖwZev‡` cÖ avb we‡ivax `j¸‡jvi
Wv‡K 8wW‡m¤î mviv c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b niZvj cvwjZ nq| 10 wW‡m¤î AvIqvgx jxM
Ôwbh©vZb cÖw Z‡iva wèmÕ cvjb K‡i| 1969 mv‡ji 4 Rvbyqvwi c~e© cvwK¯Ívb QvÎ
BDwbqb, c~e© cvwK¯Í vb QvÎjxM I WvKmyi †bZ…e„›` wg‡j Ôme©`jxq QvÎ msMÖvg cwil`Õ
MVb K‡ib| QvÎ msMÖ vg cwil` e½eÜzi Qq `dvi mv‡_ wgwj‡q AviI K‡qKwU `vwe
wb‡q 11`dv `vwe †ck K‡i| GB Kg©m~wP‡K †K›`ª K‡i we‡ivax `j¸‡jvi g‡a¨ HK¨
cÖwZwôZ nq| 8 Rvbyqvwi cvwK¯Í v‡bi 8wU ivR‰bwZK `j wg‡j ÔMYZvwš¿ K msMÖvg
cwil`Õ (WvK) bvgK GKwU †gvP©v MVb K‡i 8 `dv `vwe †ck K‡i| Gici ÔWvKÕ I QvÎ
msMÖvg cwil‡ì †hŠ_ cÖ‡Póvq c~e© cvwK¯Í v‡b e¨vcK MYAv‡›`vjb M‡o I‡V| ÔWvKÕ Gi

AvnŸv‡b 14 Rvbyq vwi mgMÖ cvwK¯Í v‡b c~Y© niZvj cvwjZ nq| niZv‡j cywj‡ki
jvwVPv‡R©i cÖwZev‡` 18 Rvbyq vwi ag©NU AvnŸvb Kiv nq| ag©N‡U cywjwk wbh©vZ‡bi
cÖwZev‡` 20 Rvbyq vwi mviv c~e© evsjvq ag©NU AvnŸvb Kiv nq| ag©NU PjvKv‡j cywj‡ki
¸wj‡Z XvKv †gwW‡Kj K‡j‡Ri mvg‡b QvÎ‡bZv Avmv`y¾ vgvb wbnZ nb| Avmv‡ì
g„Zzï cÖwZev‡` 22, 23 I 24 Rvby qvwi e¨vcK Kg©m~wP †NvwlZ nq| 24 Zvwi‡L cywjk
QvÎ‡ì wgwQ‡j evavi m„wó Ki‡j eu va fv½v †Rvqv‡ii gZ iv¯Í vq †b‡g G‡mwQj QvÎ
RbZv| cywj‡ki evav †c‡q wgwQj AviI `ye©vi iƒc †bq| wgwQjKvixiv †m‡µUvwi‡qU
feb AvµgY K‡i Ges GKvs‡k Av¸b awi‡q †`q| XvKv bMix wecøex wgwQjKvix‡ì
wbqš¿‡Y P‡j Av‡m| Gevi wgwQj miKvix cwÎKv ˆ`wbK cvwK¯Ívb I miKvi mg_©K
ˆ`wbK gwb©s wbDR Awd‡m Av¸b jvwM‡q †`q| GZw`b Av‡›`vjb wQj QvÎ I
AvBbRxex‡ì g‡a¨ mxgve×| 24 Zvwi‡L Zv MYAfy¨Ìv‡b iƒc †bq| wgwQ‡j †hvM †`q
wiKkv I †gvUi hv‡bi PvjK Avi kªwgK m¤cÖ `vq| Av‡›`vjb hLb wbqš¿‡Yi evB‡i ZLb
cywjk‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨ kn‡i B.wc.Avi bvgv‡bv nq| B.wc.Avi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b ¸wj
Pvjvq| G‡Z Av‡›`vjb bv †_‡g AviI †eMevb nq| wgwQ‡j †hvM w`‡Z _v‡K AwaKnv‡i
hyeK I me©¯‡Í ii mvaviY gvbyl| 24 Rvbyq vwii ci †_‡K jvMvZvi Av‡›`vjb I niZv‡j
eûmsL¨K gvbyl cywjk I †mbvevwnbxi ¸wj‡Z wbnZ I AvnZ nb|
gwZDi knx` Avmv` 69-Gi MYAfz¨Ìvb
1969 Gi MY Afy¨Ìv‡bi cÖwZwµqv

15 †deªyqvwi XvKv K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U HwZnvwmK AvMiZjv
gvgjvi Ab¨Zg Awfhy³ mv‡R©›U Rûjyj nK‡K
b„ksmfv‡e ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v Kiv nq| Gi cÖwZev‡` RbZv
AvMiZjv gvgjvi wePvicwZi evmfe‡b Av¸b awi‡q
†`q| Ae¯’ v †eMwZK †`‡L miKvi XvKvq KviwdD Rvwi
K‡i| 18 †deªyqvwi †mbvevwnbx ivRkvnx wek¦w e`¨vj‡qi
cÖ±i kvgmy‡¾vnv‡K †e‡qv‡bU PvR© K‡i nZ¨v K‡i|
Gici Av‡›`vjb AviI †eMevb n‡j †`‡ki cwiw¯’ wZi
e¨vcK AebwZ N‡U| AvBqye Lvb Ae¯’ v †eMwZK †`‡L knx` W: gynv¤§` kvgmy‡¾vnv

we‡ivax `‡ji †bZv‡ì wb‡q †Mvj‡Uwej ‰eVK AvnŸvb K‡ib|wKš‘ we‡ivax `jxq †bZviv
Zv cÖ Z¨vL¨vb K‡ib| †kl ch©šÍ AvBqye Lvb eva¨ n‡q 21 †deªyqvwi GK †eZvi fvl‡Y
†NvlYv †`b †h, cieZ© x †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vP‡b wZwb cÖv_©x n‡eb bv| GKB mv‡_ AvMiZjv
gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i ivRew›`‡ì gyw³i Av‡`k †NvlYv K‡ib| 22 †deªyqvwi AvMiZjv
gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i †kL gywReyi ingvbmn mKj ivRew›`‡ì gyw³ †`qv nq| 23
†deªyqvwi †mvnivIqv`©x D`¨v‡b QvÎ msMÖvg cwil‡ì c¶ †_‡K QvÎ‡bZv †Zvdv‡qj
Avng` m`¨ Kvivgy³ †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K Ôe½eÜzÕ Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ K‡ib| 26
†deªyqvwi AvBqye Lv‡bi mv‡_ †Mvj‡Uwej êV‡K Qq `dv I GMvi `dvi cÖ‡kœ e½eÜz
AUj _v‡Kb|
†Mvj‡Uwe‡ji Av‡jvPbv evievi e¨_© n‡Z _v‡K Ges †`‡ki AvBb k„•Ljv cwiw¯’w Zi
AebwZ N‡U| gvP© gv‡m †mbvevwnbxi ¸wj‡Z 90Rb wbnZ
nq| Ae‡k‡l 10 gv‡P©i êV‡K AvBqye Lvb msm`xq
c×wZ cÖeZ© b I cÖ vß eq¯‹‡ì †fvUvwaKv‡ii wfwË‡Z
wbe©vP‡bi K_v †NvlYv K‡ib| wZwb 22 gvP© c~e ©
cvwK¯Ív‡bi MfY©i †gvbv‡qg Lvb‡K mwi‡q w`‡q W. Gg
Gb û`v‡K bZzb MfY©i wbhy³ K‡ib| Zv‡ZI
MYAv‡›`vjb kvšÍ nqwb| ZLb wZwb 25 gvP© †mbvcÖa vb
†Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi wbKU ¶gZv n¯ÍvšÍi K‡ib| Gi
d‡j c~e© cvwK¯Í v‡b AvBqye Lvb we‡ivax MYAfy¨Ìvb
mdjZv AR©b K‡i| AvMv †gvnv¤§` Bqvwnqv Lvb
MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi ¸jyZ¡
1969 mv‡ji MYAfy¨Ìvb wQj AvBqye Lv‡bi kvmbvg‡j me©v‡c¶v kw³kvjx Av‡›`vjb|
1948 mv‡j fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii wejy‡× †h †¶vf I cÖw Zev‡ì
m„wó nq Zvi mvdj¨RbK cwiYwZ AvBqye Lv‡bi cZb| G Av‡›`vj‡bi ga¨w`‡q msm`xq
miKvi I mve©Rbxb †fvUvwaKv‡ii wfwË‡Z cÖ wZwbwa wbe© vP‡bi ¯^ xK…w Z wg‡j| ¯^Zš¿ RvwZ
wn‡m‡e evOvwji †h RvZxqZv‡eva 1948 mv‡j m„wó nq Zv c~Y©Zv cvq EbmËi mv‡ji
GB MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi gva¨‡g| 1969 Gi MYAfy¨Ìvb RvZxq †PZbvi cÖZxK GKz‡k
†deªyqvwi‡K miKvwi QzwUi w`b wn‡m‡e cÖw ZwôZ K‡i| 1958 mv‡ji mvgwiK kvm‡bi
mgq G QzwU evwZj Kiv n‡qwQj| 1970 mv‡ji AvIqvgx jx‡Mi weR‡qi †cQ‡b 69 Gi
MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi ¸jyZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
mvi-ms‡¶c evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m 1969-Gi MY Av‡›`vjb AZ¨šÍ ¸jyZ¡c~Y© NUbv| AvBqye Lv‡bi
`gb bxwZ, †kvlY wbwcob, wbh©vZb c~e© cvwK¯Í vwb‡ì we¶z× K‡i Zz‡jwQj| †kl ch©šÍ
MY‡ivl wecøex K‡i †Zv‡j cÖwZev`x gvby l‡K| gvby‡li wgwQ‡ji †Rvqv‡i XvKvi ivRc_
DËvj n‡q D‡V| Av‡›`vj‡b kwiK nq mgMÖ c~e©cvwK¯Ívb| cywjk Avi ‰mbïv ¸wj
Pvwj‡qI _vgv‡Z cv‡iwb Av‡›`vjb| Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L †f‡½ c‡o miKvwi cÖkvmb|

MYAv‡›`vjb MY Af~¨Ìv‡b iƒc †bq| †kl ch©šÍ MYAf~¨Ìv‡bi gy‡L wUK‡Z bv †c‡i
¶gZv †Q‡o w`‡Z eva¨ nb AvBqye Lvb|
ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
 1. AvBqye Lvb Dbœ q‡bi `kK cvjb K‡ib 
K. 1969 wLª÷v‡ã L. 1968 wLª÷v‡ã
M. 1965 wLª÷v‡ã N. 1964 wLª÷v‡ã
2. cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z Avmv` wbnZ nb 
K. 23 Rvbyq vwi L. 21 Rvbyq vwi
M. 24 Rvbyqvwi N. 20 Rvbyqvwi
3. AvBqye Lvb ¶gZv †Q‡o †`b 
K. †gv‡bg Lv‡bi Kv‡Q L. W. Gg. Gb û`vi Kv‡Q
M. AvMv †gvnv¤§` Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi Kv‡Q N. W. kvgmy‡¾vnvi Kv‡Q
msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ
 1. 1969-Gi MY Afy¨Ìv‡bi †cÖ¶vcU eY©b Kjy b|

2. MYAv‡›`vj‡bi NUbvimg~‡ni weeiY w`b|
3. MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi cÖ wZwµqv Av‡jvPbv Kjyb|
4. MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi ¸jyZ¡ eY©bv Kjyb|
cvV
gyw³hy× Ges ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki Afy¨`q
8
D‡Ïk¨
 gyw³hy‡×i †cÖ¶vcU Kx wQj Zv we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK I fy‡Ævi f~wgKv wK wQj Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 gyw³hy‡× e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi f~ wgKv m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
 gyw³hy‡×i NUbvcÖe vn eY©b v K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki Afy¨`q m¤ú‡K© eY© bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
f~wgKv
evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^ vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi BwZnv‡m 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vPb AZ¨šÍ ¸jyZ¡c~Y©| 1969
mv‡ji 25 gvP© AvBqye Lv‡bi wbKU †_‡K ¶gZv MÖnY K‡i †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb
RbM‡Yi wbe©vwPZ cÖw Zwbwa‡ì nv‡Z ¶gZv n¯Í všÍ‡ii cÖwZkÖyw Z †`b| 28 b‡f¤î wZwb
GK fvl‡Y †`‡k cybivq me©Rbxb cÖ Z¨¶ †fv‡U wbe© vP‡bi gva¨‡g msm`xq MYZš¿
cÖeZ©‡bi †NvlYv †`b| hvi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vPb Aby wôZ nq| GKvwaK

ivR‰bwZK `j wbe©vP‡b Ask MÖnY K‡i| wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jxM wbi¼zk msL¨vMwiôZv
jvf K‡i| wbe©vP‡bi djvdj wQj Qq `dvwfwËK evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡ì weRq| wKš‘
cwðg cvwK¯Í vwb kvmK‡Mvôx wbe©vwPZ RbcÖ wZwbwa‡ì nv‡Z ¶gZv n¯ÍvšÍ‡i Mwogwm
K‡ib| ¶gZv a‡i ivLvi Rb¨ kvmK‡Mvôx c~e© cvwK¯Í v‡bi wbixn gvby‡li Dci AvµgY
K‡i| GiB cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi wb‡`©‡k c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi gvbyl gyw³
msMÖv‡g Suvwc‡q c‡o Ges bq gvm i³¶qx msMÖ v‡gi gva¨‡g 1971 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤î
P~ovšÍ weRq AR©b K‡i| weRq AR©‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡q ¯^vaxb mve©‡ fŠg evsjv‡`‡ki Afy¨`q
N‡U|
1970 mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vPb

Bqvwnqv Lvb ¶gZvq G‡m 1969 mv‡ji 26 gvP© GK †eZvi fvl‡Y wbe©vwPZ cÖw Zwbwa‡ì
nv‡Z ¶gZv n¯Í všÍ‡ii cÖwZkÖyw Z †`b| GiB avivevwnKZvq 1970 mv‡ji 1Rvbyqvwi †_‡K
mKj cÖKvi wewawb‡la cÖ Z¨vnvi K‡i †`‡k cybivq ivR‰bwZK ZrciZvi AbygwZ †`b|
ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi `vwei †cÖw¶‡Z Bqvwnqv Lvb 1970 mv‡ji 5 A‡±vei RvZxq
cwil` I 22 A‡±vei cÖv‡`wkK cwil` wbe©vP‡bi ZvwiL †NvlYv K‡ib| wKš‘
evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq GjvKvq cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi Kvi‡Y wbe©vP‡bi ZvwiL wcwQ‡q hvq|
cybivq ZvwiL †NvlYv Kiv nq| wm×všÍ †bqv nq 7 wW‡m¤î RvZxq cwil‡ì Ges 17
wW‡m¤î cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡ì wbe© vPb AbywôZ n‡e| wKš‘ GeviI evav Av‡m| 1970
wLª÷v‡ãi 12 b‡f¤î evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq AÂ‡j fqven R‡jv”Q¡ v‡m gvbyl I m¤ú‡ì
e¨vcK ¶q¶wZ nq| wKš‘ GiciI wbe©vP‡bi ZvwiL AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K| ïay DcK‚jxq
AÂ‡ji RvZxq cwil‡ì 9wU I cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡ì 21wU Avm‡bi wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq
1971 wLª÷v‡ãi 17 Rvbyqvwi|
wbe©vP‡bi djvdj
wbe©vP‡b †gvU 24wU `j AskMÖnY K‡i| Z‡e wbe©vPbx cÖP viYvq g~j Z AvIqvgx jxM I
cvwK¯Ívb wccjm cvwU© cÖvavb¨ jvf K‡i| AvIqvgx jxM cÖa vb e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb
Ô†bŠKvÕ cÖZxK wb‡q HwZnvwmK Qq `dvi c‡¶ cÖP vivwfhv‡b bv‡gb| AvIqvgx jxM Qq
`dv I GMvi `dvi wfwË‡Z GKKfv‡e wbe©vP‡b cÖw ZØw›ØZv K‡i Af~Zc~e© mvdj¨ jvf
K‡i| RvZxq cwil‡` c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ 169wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ AvIqvgx jxM
167wU Avmb jvf K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ 144wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨
RyjwdKvi Avjx fy‡Ævi cvwK¯Ívb wccjm cvwU© 88wU Avmb jvf K‡i| c~e© cvwK¯Ívb
cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡ì 300wU (10wU gwnjv msiw¶Z Avmb Qvov) Avm‡bi g‡a¨ AvIqvgx
jxM 288 wU Avm‡b Rqjvf K‡i| Gfv‡e RvZxq I cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡ì msL¨vMwiô `j
wn‡m‡e AvIqvgx jxM Rq jvf K‡i| wbe©vP‡b Rqjvf Ki‡jI AvIqvgx jx‡Mi nv‡Z
¶gZv n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡Z ivwR wQ‡jb bv cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôx| c~e© cvwK¯Í v‡bi cÖwZ
Zv‡ì GB wegvZvm~jf AvPiY gyw³hy‡×i †cÖ¶ vcU iPbv K‡i|

e½eÜzi wbe©vPwb cÖPviYv
wbe©vP‡bi ¸jyZ¡
evOvwj RvZxqZvev` I ¯^vaxb m‡e©v‡fŠg evsjv‡`‡ki Afy¨`‡qi †cQ‡b 1970 mv‡ji
mvaviY wbe©vPb ¸jyZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| G wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g evOvwj RvwZ, fvlv,
mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZi wfwË‡Z evOvwji †h ¯^ vZš¿‡eva Zv ¯^xK…w Z cvq| 1954 mv‡ji
wbe©vP‡bi ci GwUB wQj me‡P‡q †ewk Aeva I wbi‡c¶ wbe©vPb| wbe©vP‡b Rq jv‡fi
g‡a¨ w`‡q evOvwji ¯^vqËkvmb `vwei êaZvi cÖgvwYZ nq| Gi d‡j fvlv wfwËK evOvwj
RvZxqZvev` my`„p wfwËi Dci cÖwZwôZ nq| AvIqvgx jx‡Mi weR‡qi gva¨‡g G `jwUi
†bZ…Z¡ RvwZ †g‡b †bq| m‡e©vcwi evsjv‡`‡ki Afy¨`‡q G wbe©vPb Avcwimxg f~wgKv iv‡L|
Bqvwnqv Lvb I fy‡Ævi f~wgKv
cvwK¯Ívb wccjm cvwU©i †bZv wQ‡jb RyjwdKvi Avjx fy‡ Æv| 1970 mv‡j Zuvi `j RvZxq
cwil` wbe©vP‡b 88wU Avmb †c‡q wØZxq e„nËg `j wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖ Kvk K‡i| wbe©vP‡b
AvIqvgx jxM wbi¼zk Rqjvf Kivq mvgwiK kvmK Bqvwnqv Lvb I f~‡Æv AvIqvgx jx‡Mi
nv‡Z ¶gZv n¯Í všÍi bv Kivi Rb¨ lohš¿ ïjyK‡ib| loh‡š¿i wm×všÍ Abyhvqx †Rbv‡ij
Bqvwnqv Lvb XvKvq Av‡mb| wZwb 1971 mv‡ji 12 I 13 Rvbyqvwi e½eÜz †kL gywReyi
ingv‡bi mv‡_ êVK K‡ib| wZwb mvsevw`K‡ì Kv‡Q †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi
fvwe cÖa vbgš¿x wn‡m‡e gšÍe¨ K‡ib| wKš‘ ax‡i ax‡i †`Lv †Mj Bqvwnqv Lvb RvZxq
cwil‡ì Awa‡ekb bv †W‡K mgq †¶cb Ki‡Qb| RyjwdKvi Avjx fy‡Æv XvKvq Av‡mb
Ges 27 †_‡K 29 Rvbyqvwi †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| Av‡jvPbv
†k‡l Qq `dvi cÖ_g I lô `dv †g‡b wb‡Z ivwR nb| Bqvwnqv Lvb 14 †deªyqvwi †NvlYv
K‡ib †h, msweavb cÖYq‡bi Rb¨ RvZxq cwil‡ì Awa‡ekb em‡e XvKvq 3 gvP©| wKš‘
fy‡Æv †NvlYv K‡ib Qq `dv `vwei cwieZ©b bv Kiv n‡j wZwb Awa‡ek‡b †hvM †`‡eb
bv| Bqvwnqv Lvb fy‡Ævi civg‡k© 1971 wLª÷v‡ãi 1 gvP© nVvr K‡i Awbw`©óKv‡ji Rb¨
RvZxq cwil‡ì Awa‡ekb ¯’wMZ K‡ib| Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi GB †NvlYv c~e© cvwK¯Í vwb‡ì
g‡a¨ weiƒc cÖwZwµqv nq| Zviv we‡¶v‡f †d‡U c‡o| e½eÜz †kL gwReyi ingvb

Av‡›`vj‡bi Kg©m~wP †NvlYv K‡ib| GB Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni ga¨ w`‡qB G †`k gyw³hy‡×i

ØvicÖv‡šÍ G‡m †cuŠ‡Q|
Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb
1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa‡ì nv‡Z cvwK¯Ív‡bi mvgwiK miKvi ¶gZv n¯ÍvšÍi
bv Kivq cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivR‰bwZK A½‡b GK Aw¯’i Ae¯’ vi m„wó nq| G mg‡q e½eÜz †kL
gywReyi ingvb wQ‡jb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi †bZ…‡ Z¡i Avm‡b| wZwb ey S‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb
cvwK¯Ívwb mvgwiK kvmK ¯^ vfvweK c‡_ ¶gZv n¯Í všÍi Ki‡e bv| Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g Zv
Av`vq K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| ZvB wZwb mvsevw`K m‡¤§jb K‡i 1971 mv‡ji 2 I 3 gvP©
niZvj Ges 7 gvP© ZrKvjxb †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b Rbmfvi Kg©m~wP †NvlYv K‡ib|
h_vmg‡q niZvj Kg©m~wP cvwjZ nq| 2 gvP© XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq K¨v¤úv‡m AbywôZ QvÎ
mgv‡e‡ki ci Av mv g Ave`yi i‡ei †bZ…‡Z¡ WvKmy †bZ…e„ ›` Kjvfe‡b cÖ_g ¯^vaxb
evsjv‡`‡ki cZvKv D‡Ëvjb K‡ib| GB w`‡b niZvj PjvKv‡j wgwQ‡j cywjk ¸wj
Pvjv‡j c~e© evsjvi gvbyl we¶z× n‡q D‡V| cwiw¯’w Zi `ªyZ AebwZ NU‡Z _v‡K| e½eÜzi
†bZ…‡Z¡ Av‡›`vjb av‡c av‡c GwM‡q hvq | wZwb Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi WvK †`b| 3
gvP© cë‡bi Rbmfvq ¯^ vaxb evsjv‡`k QvÎ msMÖvg cwil` ¯^ vaxb evsjv‡`k cÖw Zôvi
†NvlYvcÎ cÖPvi K‡i| mfv †_‡K e½eÜz 2-6 gvP© cÖwZw`b †fvi 5-2Uv ch©šÍ niZvj
Kg©m~wP †NvlYv K‡ib| GB Ae¯’ v‡K mvgvj w`‡Z Bqvwnqv Lvb 25 gvP© RvZxq cwil‡ì
Awa‡ekb emvi ZvwiL wba© viY K‡ib| GB mgq †jdU¨v‡b›U †Rbv‡ij wU°v Lvb‡K c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡bi mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvmK I MfY©i wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM †`qv nq|
e½eÜzi 7 gv‡P©i HwZnvwmK fvlY
c~e© †NvlYv Abyhvwq 1971 mv‡ji 7gvP© †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡bi mgv‡e‡k j¶ j¶ RbZvi
Xj bv‡g| e½eÜz wbw`©ó mg‡q †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b mgv‡e‡k Dcw¯’ Z n‡q Zuvi HwZnvwmK
fvlY †`b| e½eÜz G mgv‡e‡k †h fvlY †`b Zv we‡k¦i BwZnv‡m L¨vZ n‡q Av‡Q| GB
fvl‡Y wZwb ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ †bqvi AvnŸvb Rvbvb Ges †`k‡K gy³ Kivi
A½xKvi e¨³ K‡ib| wZwb eRªK‡É †NvlYv K‡ib ÒGev‡ii msMÖvg Avgv‡ì gyw³i
msMÖvg, Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯^ vaxbZvi msMÖvg|Ó Zu vi e³‡eï g~j welq wQj 4wU| h_v:1.
Pjgvb mvgwiK AvBb cÖ Z¨vnvi, 2.ˆmb¨‡ì e¨viv‡K wdwi‡q †bqv, 3. MYnZ¨vi Z`šÍ
Kiv Ges 4. wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa‡ì nv‡Z ¶gZv n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv| GQvovI wZwb AviI wKQz
`vwe DÌvcb K‡ib| wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki mKj Awdm-Av`vjZ I wk¶vcÖwZôvb
Awbw`©óKv‡ji Rb¨ eÜ †NvlYv K‡ib| G mgv‡e‡k miKv‡ii Kov bRi`vwi wQj| ZvB
†KŠkjMZ Kvi‡Y e½eÜz cÖZ¨¶fv‡e ¯^ vaxbZv †NvlYv bv K‡i c‡iv¶fv‡e ¯^ vaxbZvi
†NvlYv †`b| wZwb cÖZ¨¶ †NvlYv w`‡j e¨vcK aŸsmhÁ Pvjv‡bv n‡Zv| wZwb gyw³msMÖv‡g
mKj‡K cÖ¯‘Z nIqvi Av‡`k †`b| †`k‡K kÎygy³ Ki‡Z m‡e©v”P Z¨vM ¯^ xKv‡ii AvnŸvb
Rvbvb| e½eÜzi 7gv‡P©i GB fvlYwU ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K›`ª †_‡K ÔeRªKÉÕ bv‡g
cÖPvwiZ nq| fvlYwU evOvwj‡K ¯^ vaxbZv msMÖv‡g AbycÖvwYZ K‡i|
e½eÜzi 7 gv‡P©i fvlY c~e© cvwK¯Í v‡b e¨vcK PvÂ‡jï m„wó K‡i| ¯^vaxbZv cvMj
RbM‡Yi me©vZ¥K Am‡hvwMZvi Kvi‡Y mKj miKvwi Kg©KvÛ cÖvq APj n‡q c‡o|
AvIqvgx jxM mì `ßi n‡Z RvwiK… Z Av‡`k e‡j c~e© cvwK¯Í v‡bi †emvgwiK cÖkvmb
Pj‡Z _v‡K| 15 gvP© e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb †emvgwiK cÖkvmb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ 35
`dvwfwËK `vwebvgv Rvwi K‡ib| †mLv‡b Av‡›`vjb Pvwj‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ RbmvaviY‡K
wewfbœ w`K wb‡`©kbv †`qv nq|

1971 mv‡ji 7B gv‡P©i HwZnvwmK fvlY
e½eÜz- Bqvwnqv Lvb Av‡jvPbv

e½eÜzi Av‡`k Rvwii ci †_‡K ïay †mbvevwnbx Qvov me© Î AvIqvgx jx‡Mi wbqš¿Y
cÖwZwôZ nq| Ae¯’vi MfxiZv Dcjw× K‡i Bqvwnqv Lvb 15 gvP© XvKvq Av‡mb| wZwb
e½eÜzi mv‡_ ivR‰bwZK mgm¨v wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi cÖ ¯vÍ e †`b| e½eÜz Av‡jvPbvq ivwR
n‡jI Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb cÖ Z¨vnvi K‡ibwb| 16 gvP© †_‡K gywRe-Bqvwnqv Av‡jvPbv
ïjynq| GKw`‡K Av‡jvPbv ïjynq Ab¨w`‡K 17 gvP© wU°v Lvb, ivI digvb Avjx
ÔAcv‡ikb mvP© jvBUÕ ev evOvwji Ici b„k sm nZ¨vKvÛ cwiPvjbvi bxjbKkv ˆZwi
K‡i| 19 gvP© cvwK¯Í vwb ˆmbïv Rq‡ècy‡i wbixn evOvwj‡ì Ici nvgjv Pvjvq| Gici
22 gvP© RyjwdKvi Avjx fy‡Æv XvKvq Av‡mb Ges Av‡jvPbvq Ask †bb| fy‡Æv Qq `dvi
cÖkœ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv RwUj K‡i †Zv‡jb| Avm‡j Gfv‡e Zviv mgq †¶cb KiwQ‡jb|
Avi Ab¨w`‡K cwðg cvwK¯Í vb †_‡K ˆmb¨ Avi im` Avbv nw”Qj G †`‡k| ¯^ vaxbZvi
Av‡›`vjb µ‡g Zxeª n‡Z _v‡K| PÆMÖv‡g RvnvR †_‡K A¯¿ bvgv‡Z kªwgKiv A¯^ xKvi
K‡i| 23 gvP© wQj cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖRvZš¿ wèm| Gw`b c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi N‡i N‡i ¯^vaxb
evsjv‡`‡ki cZvKv †Zvjv nq| 24 gvP© AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZ…e„›` msKU mgvav‡bi †kl
†Póv K‡ib| wKš‘ Av‡jvPbv Amgvß †i‡L Bqvwnqv Lvb †Mvc‡b XvKv Z¨vM K‡ib|
25 gv‡P©i MYnZ¨v
1971 mv‡ji 25 gvP© gaïv‡Z cvwK¯Ívwb †mbv KZ©„K wbi¯¿ evOvwj‡ì wbwe©Pv‡i MYnZ¨v
c„w_exi BwZnv‡m GKwU Kj¼RbK Aa¨v‡qi m~Pbv K‡i| cvwK¯Ívwb †mbvevwnbx c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡bi wbi¯¿, wbixn, ¯^vaxbZvKvgx mvaviY gvby‡li Dci nvgjv K‡i wbwe©Pv‡i
nZ¨vKvÛ Pvjvq| cvwK¯Ívwbiv evOvwj‡ì nZ¨vi GB Awfhv‡bi bvg †`q ÔAcv‡ikb mvP©
jvBUÕ| 25 gvP© iv‡Z GB Awfhvb cwiPvjbv Ki‡jI g~jZ gv‡P©i cÖ_g †_‡KB Zviv Gi
cwiKíbv K‡i| 19 gvP© †_‡K c~e© evsjvq B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui evOvwj ˆmb¨‡ì
wbi¯¿xKiY ïjynq| 20 gvP© miKvi A¯¿ Rgv †`qvi wb‡`©k Rvwi K‡i| 24 gvP© PÆMÖvg

e›`‡i Gg.wf †mvqvZ †_‡K A¯¿ I im` Lvjvm ïjynq| me cÖ ¯‘wZ †k‡l 25 gvP©
MYnZ¨vi Rb¨ †e‡Q †bqv nq Ges †gRi †Rbv‡ij ivI digvb Avjx‡K XvKv kn‡ii g~j
`vwqZ¡ †`qv nq|
1971 mv‡ji 25 gv‡P©i MYnZ¨v
e½eÜz KZ©„ K evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv

Bqvwnqv Lvb 25 gvP© mÜ¨vq XvKv Z¨vM K‡i| hvevi Av‡M †mbvevwnbx‡K c~e© cvwK¯Í vwb‡ì
Dci Avµg‡Yi wb‡`©k w`‡q hvb| Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi wb‡`©k †gvZv‡eK Mfb©i wU°v Lv‡bi
NvZK ˆmbïv 25 gvP© iv‡Z XvKvq MYnZ¨vi ZvÛejxjv Pvjvq| GB MYnZ¨v P‡jwQj
XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq GjvKvq, cyi‡bv XvKvq, KPz‡¶Z, †ZRMuvI, Bw›ìv †ivW, wgicyi,
†gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv wegvbe›`‡ii Af¨šÍ‡i, iv‡qi evRvi, avbgwÛ, KjvevMvb,
KuvVvjevMvbmn XvKv kn‡ii wewfbœ ¯’ v‡b| 25 gvP© iv‡Z XvKvq MYnZ¨v ïjyn‡j e½eÜz
evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡ib Ges Zv Iq¨vi‡jm‡hv‡M PÆMÖ v‡g cvwV‡q †`b|
e½eÜzi †NvlYv evYx †kvbvgvÎB PÆMÖvgmn †`‡ki wewfbœ †Rjvq cÖwZ‡iva M‡o †Zvjv
nq| ivRvievM cywjk jvBb, wcjLvbvi BwcAvi NvwU Ges ivR‰bwZK `‡ji
Kvh©vjqmg~‡n AvµgY cwiPvjbv
Kiv nq| b„ksm MYnZ¨vi msev`
hv‡Z we‡`‡k Qwo‡q bv c‡o †m Rb¨
XvKvi †nv‡Uj B›UviKw›U‡b›Uv‡j 25
Rb we‡`kx mvsevw`K‡K AvUK Kiv
nq| ïjynq cvwK¯Ívwb †mbv‡ì
m‡½ evOvwj cywjk, Avbmvi I
mvaviY gvby‡li GK Amg jovB hv
evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m gnvb gyw³hy×
bv‡g cwiwPZ|
evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv wQj G
†`‡ki gyw³msMÖv‡gi gvBjdjK I
†cÖiYvi Drm| wewfbœ mg‡q GKvwaK
RvwZiRbK e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb

e¨w³ KZ©„K ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv cÖPvwiZ n‡jI Gi welqe¯‘ I wb‡`©kbv wQj GKB| GB
†NvlYvq e½eÜzi KZ…©Z¡ I †bZ…Z¡ ¯^xK…Z n‡q‡Q| 25 gvP© wèvMZ ivZ †òUvq e½eÜz
†kL gywReyi ingvb‡K avbgwÛi evmv †_‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| †MÖdZvi nIqvi c~e©gyn~‡Z©
26 gvP© cÖ_g cÖn‡i e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡ib|
wZwb G †NvlYv Iq¨vi‡jm‡hv‡M PÆMÖv‡g †cÖiY K‡ib| GRb¨B 26 gvP© Avgv‡ì gnvb
¯^vaxbZv wèm| g~j †NvlYvwU wQj Bs‡iwR‡Z| Gi evsjv Abye v` Kiv n‡q‡Q wbgœiƒc:
ÔBnvB nqZ Avgvi †kl evZ© v, AvR nB‡Z evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb| Avwg evsjv‡`‡ki
RbMY‡K AvnŸvb RvbvB‡ZwQ †h, †h †hLv‡b Av‡Q, hvnvi hv wKQz Av‡Q, ZvB wb‡q jy‡L
ùvovI, me©kw³ w`‡q nvbv`vi evwnbx‡K cÖwZ‡iva K‡iv| cvwK¯Í vwb `Lj`vi evwnbxi
†kl ˆmb¨wU‡K evsjvi gvwU nB‡Z weZvwoZ bv Kiv ch©šÍ Ges P~ ovšÍ weRq AR©b bv
Kiv ch©šÍ jovB Pvwj‡q hvI| (evsjv‡`k †M‡RU, msweav‡bi cÂ`k ms‡kvabx, 3
RyjvB 2011)
¯^vaxbZvi G †NvlYv evsjv‡`‡ki mKj ¯’v‡b Z`vbxšÍb BwcAvi Gi UªvÝwgUvi, †UwjMÖvg
I †UwjwcÖ›Uv‡ii gva¨‡g cÖPvi Kiv nq| e½eÜzi ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv 26 gvP© `ycy‡i
PÆMÖv‡gi AvIqvgx jxM †bZv Gg. G. nvbœvb PÆMÖv‡gi †eZvi †K›`ª †_‡K GKevi Ges
mÜ¨vq KvjyiNvU †eZvi †K›`ª †_‡K wØZxqevi cÖPvi K‡ib| 27 gvP© KvjyiNv‡U ¯’vwcZ
¯^vaxb evsjv wec- ex †eZvi †K›`ª (c‡i ¯^ vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K›`ª) †_‡K †gRi wRqvDi
ingvb †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi c‡¶ ¯^ vaxbZvi †NvlYv cvV K‡ib| e½eÜz †kL gywReyi
ingv‡bi ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv Ges Gi cÖwZ evOvwj mvgwiK, AvavmvgwiK I †emvgwiK
evwnbxi mg_©b I AskMÖn‡Yi Le‡i ¯^vaxbZvKvgx RbMY D¾xweZ nq| Gici 10
GwcÖj cÖe v‡m A¯’ vqx miKvi MwVZ n‡j miKv‡ii c¶ †_‡K e½eÜzi 26 gvP© ¯^ vaxbZv
†NvlYvi wfwË‡Z RbMY‡K gyw³hy‡× Ask †bqvi AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv nq| G †NvlYvq 1971
mv‡ji 26 gvP© n‡Z ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv Kvh© Ki e‡j MY¨ Kiv nq| ¯^vaxbZvi ci msweav‡b
26 gvP© ¯^ vaxbZv wèm †NvlYvi gva¨‡g G‡K cÖwZôvwbK iƒc cÖ`vb Kiv nq|
evsjv‡`k miKvi (gywRebMi miKvi) MVb

1971 mv‡ji 25 gvP© cvwK¯Í vb mvgwiK evwnbx MYnZ¨v ïjyKi‡j cÖ v_wgKfv‡e c~e©
cÖ¯‘w Z I mvsMVwbK ZrciZv QvovB c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi gvbyl Zv‡ì wejy‡× cÖwZ‡iva M‡o
†Zv‡j| 25 gvP© iv‡Z cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbxi AvµgY I MYnZ¨v ïjyn‡j c~e© cvwK¯Í vb n‡Z
wbe©vwPZ RvZxq I cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡ì AwaKvsk m`m¨ cÖwZ‡ewk †`k fvi‡Z Avkªq †bb|
Zviv GKwÎZ n‡q gyw³hy× mwVKfv‡e cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ 1971 mv‡ji 10 GwcÖj ¯^vaxb
evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU A¯’ vqx miKvi MVb K‡ib| 13 GwcÖj AvMiZjvq AbywôZ RvZxq I
cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡ì GK mfvq miKvi MVb Aby‡gv`b Kiv nq| 17 GwcÖj A¯’vqx
miKv‡ii m`m¨MY †g‡nicyi ê`¨bv_ Zjvq kc_ MÖnY K‡ib| miKv‡ii cÖavb wQ‡jb
e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb| Zuvi bvg Abym v‡i ê`¨bv_ Zjvi bvgKiY Kiv nq
gywRebMi Ges miKvi cwiwPZ nq gywRebMi miKvi bv‡g|
AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Pxc ûBc Aa¨vcK BDmyd Avjx A¯’vqx miKv‡ii (gywRebMi miKvi
bv‡g cwiwPZ) m`m¨‡ì kc_ cvV Kivb| kc_ Abyô v‡b Aa¨vcK BDmyd Avjx

¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv cÎ cvV K‡ib| G miKvi MV‡bi gvÎ `yB N›Uv ci cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbxi
wegvb gywRebM‡i †evgvel©Y K‡i Ges †g‡nicyi `Lj K‡i †bq| d‡j gywRebMi
miKv‡ii mì `ßi KjKvZvi 8bs w_‡qUvi †iv‡W ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq|
gywRebMi miKvi: mvjvg MÖnY MvW© Ae Ab© vi

gywRebMi miKvi
bvg `ßi
ivóªcwZ e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb
Dc-ivóªcwZ ˆmq` bRjyj Bmjvg
cÖavbgš¿x ZvRDwÏb Avng`
ciivóª, AvBb I msm`welqK gš¿Yvjq L›`Kvi †gvkZvK Avn‡g`
A_©gš¿Yvjq Gg.gbmyi Avjx
¯îvóª, ÎvY I cy be©vmb gš¿Y vjq G GBP Gg Kvgjy¾vgvb
cÖavb †mbvcwZ K‡b©j (Ae.) Gg. G. wR. Imgvbx
D‡jøL¨ †h, ivóªcwZ e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb ZLb KvivMv‡i AvUK _vKvq Dc-ivóª cwZ
ˆmq` bRjyj Bmjvg‡K A¯’vqx ivóªcwZi `vwqZ¡ †`qv nq| miKvi‡K bxwZ wba© viYx
civgk© I mn‡hvwMZvi Rb¨ 9 m`‡mï GKwU Dc‡`óv KvDwÝj MVb Kiv nq| gvIjvbv
fvmvbx wQ‡jb KvDwÝ‡ji Ab¨Zg m`m¨| evsjv‡`‡ki A¯’vqx miKv‡ii 12wU gš¿Yvjq
ev wefvM wQj| Gme wefv‡Mi gva¨‡g hy×Kv‡j mvgwiK I †emvgwiK hveZxq cÖkvmb
cwiPvwjZ nq|
Aejy× evsjv‡`k I ¯^vaxbZvwe‡ivax kw³
1971 mv‡ji 25 gvP© ivZ †_‡K 16 wW‡m¤î ch©šÍ evsjv‡`k Ry‡ o cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`vi
evwnbx I Zv‡ì G‡`kxq †`vmiiv wbh©vZb, MYnZ¨v Avi aŸsmjxjvq †g‡Z D‡V| Zv‡ì
cÖavb j¶ wQj XvKv wek¦we`¨vjqmn G‡`‡ki QvÎmgvR, Amv¤cÖ `vwqK ivRbxwZ‡Z
wek¦vmx wkw¶Z ga¨weË †kªYx Ges msL¨vjNy wn›`y m¤cÖ`vq| cvwK¯Ívwbiv wek¦ vm KiZ c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡bi Av‡›`vjb msMÖv‡gi †cQ‡b fvi‡Zi BÜ‡b wn›`yiv KvR Ki‡Q| ivRavbx XvKv
QvovI evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ Z¨šÍ MÖvg ch©šÍ cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbx †cuŠ‡Q hvq| gyw³hy‡×i bq gv‡m
`Lj`vi cvwK¯Í vwb evwnbx I Zv‡ì G‡`wkq †`vmiiv 30 jvL evOvwj‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q|
cÖvq Qq jv‡Li AwaK gv-†evb cvwK¯Ívwb‡ì cvkweK wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡qwQ‡jb|
cwiKwíZfv‡e G‡`k‡K †gavk~ b¨ Kivi Rb¨ cvwK¯Í vwb evwnbx e‡iY¨ mvwnwZ¨K, wkíx,
Kwe, wk¶K, mvsevw`K, wPwKrmK, cÖ‡ KŠkjx‡K wbg©gfv‡e nZ¨v K‡i| cvwK¯Í vwb

evwnbx‡K wbh©vZb, nZ¨v, AwMœms‡hvM, jyÉb BZ¨vw` gvbeZvwe‡ivax Aciv‡a mn‡hvwMZv

K‡i‡Q ivRvKvi, Avjeì, Avjkvgm I kvwšÍ KwgwU| cvwK¯Ívwb mvgwiK RvšÍvi mn‡hvMx
G‡`wkq †`vmiiv GKK_vq ¯^vaxbZvwe‡ivax kw³ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| cÖavbZ Rvgv‡Z
Bmjvgx, gymwjg jxM, †bRv‡g Bmjvgx, c~e© cvwK¯Ívb KvDwÝj gymwjg jxM cÖf„w Z `‡ji
mg_©Kiv gyw³hy‡×i mwµq we‡ivwaZv K‡i| Aejy× evsjv‡`k GB `j¸‡jv
gvbeZvwe‡ivax Aciv‡a AskMÖnY I mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Q|
evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ I mn‡hvwMZv `v‡bi AvnŸvb
ewnwe©‡k¦ gywRebMi miKv‡ii K~U‰bwZK ZrciZv wQj GKwU D‡j- L‡hvM¨ welq|
gyw³hy‡×i c‡¶ ewnwe©‡k¦i mg_©b Av`v‡qi Rb¨ gywRebMi miKvi XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
DcvPvh© wePvicwZ Avey mvC` †PŠayix‡K ewnwe©‡k¦ we‡kl `~ Z wn‡m‡e †cÖiY K‡ib|
gywRebMi miKv‡ii A¯’vqx ivóªcwZ ˆmq` bRjyj Bmjvg Ges cÖavbgš¿x ZvRDÏxb
Avng` bZzb ivóª evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ I hy‡× mvwe© K mn‡hvwMZvi Rb¨ we‡k¦i mKj
†`‡ki cÖw Z AvnŸvb Rvbvb| kÎyi †gvKv‡ejv K‡i †`k‡K gy³ Kivi Rb¨ †`kevmxi
cÖwZI AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv nq| GQvovI evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiK Ges mnvbyf~w Zkxj e¨w³e‡M©i
gva¨‡g hy³ivR¨, hy³ivóª, d«vÝ, myB‡Wb, Rvcvb I Ab¨vb¨ KwZcq cÖfvekvjx †`‡ki
mg_©b jv‡fi HKvwšÍK cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡bv nq|
gyw³hy× msMVb I cwiPvjbv
1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b weRqx RvZxq I cÖ v‡`wkK cwil‡ì m`m¨‡ì wb‡q gywRebMi
miKvi MVb Kiv nq| G miKv‡ii cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ wQj gyw³hy× cwiPvjbv Ges
evsjv‡`‡ki c‡¶ wek¦ RbgZ m„wó Kiv| evOvwj Kg©KZ©v‡ì wb‡q miKvi cÖkvmwbK KvR
cwiPvjbv K‡ib| G‡Z †gvU 12wU gš¿Yvjq ev wefvM wQj| evsjv‡`‡ki c‡¶ cÖPviYv I
mg_©b Av`v‡qi Rb¨ gywRebMi miKvi we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡ki ¸jyZ¡c~Y© kn‡i evsjv‡`k
miKv‡ii wgkb ¯’ vcb K‡i| 10 GwcÖj gywRebMi miKvi MV‡bi ci gyw³hy× cwiPvjbvi
Rb¨ mvgwiK, †emvgwiK RbMY‡K wb‡q GKwU gyw³‡hv×vevwnbx MV‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv
nq| hy× cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k‡K cÖ_‡g 10 GwcÖj 4wU Ges cieZ© xKv‡j 11 GwcÖj
11wU †m±‡i wef³ Kiv nq| cÖwZwU †m±‡iB wbqwgZ †mbv, †Mwijv I mvaviY †hv×v wQj
hviv gyw³‡hv×v ev gyw³‡dŠR bv‡g cwiwPZ wQj| Gme evwnbx‡Z †`‡ki QvÎ, hyeK,
K…lK, bvix, ivR‰bwZK `‡ji Kg©x, kªwgKmn wewfbœ †kªwY †ckvi gvbyl Ask wb‡qwQ‡jb|
gyw³hy‡× miKv‡ii Aaxb wewfbœ evwnbx QvovI †ek K‡qKwU ¯’vbxq evwnbx M‡o
D‡VwQj| GB evwnbx¸‡jvI cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbx I Zv‡ì †`wkq †`vmi‡ì wejy‡ × hy‡×
¸jyZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb †i‡LwQj| Gme evwnbx miKv‡ii AvIZvi evB‡i wbR¯^ c×wZ‡Z
cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi wejy‡× †Mwijv hy× cwiPvjbv K‡i| gywRebMi miKvi
AvZvDj MwY Imgvbx‡K gyw³hy‡×i cÖavb †mbvcwZ wbhy³ K‡i| wZwb gyw³evwnbx‡K
msMwVZ K‡ib| ZrKvjxb B÷ cvwK¯Í vb ivB‡djm Gi evOvwj m`m¨ mgš^‡q MwVZ ˆmb¨
e¨v‡Uwjqvb B wc Avi cywjk I mvgwiK evwnbxi m`m¨‡ì wb‡q gyw³ evwnbxi wbqwgZ
evwnbx MVb Kiv nq| wbqwgZ †mbv e¨v‡Uwjqvb c‡i wZbwU we‡MÖ‡W cwiYZ nq| we‡MÖW
KgvÛvi †gRi kwdDjøvn, †gRi wRqvDi ingvb Ges †gRi Lv‡j` †gvkvii‡di bv‡gi
Bs‡iwR Av`¨¶i Abymv‡i we‡MÖW wZbwUi bvgKiY Kiv nq h_vµ‡g Gm †dvm,© †RW
†dvm© Ges †K †dvm©|

gyw³hy‡× wewfbœ ivR‰bwZK `‡ji f~wgKv

gyw³hy× n‡”Q `xN© w`‡bi Av‡›`vjb-msMÖ v‡gi dmj| 1971 mv‡j AvIqvgx jxM
gyw³hy‡×i †bZ…Z¡`vb K‡i| gyw³hy×‡K †K›`ª K‡i ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi g‡a¨ gZ‡f`
j¶ Kiv hvq| evgcš’x ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi eo Ask gyw³hy‡×i c‡¶ _vK‡jI wcwKs
cš’x wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ GKwU Ask we‡ivwaZv K‡i| cvwK¯Ív‡bi Av`‡k© wek¦vmx Bmjvwg
ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvI gyw³hy‡×i we‡ivwaZv K‡i| GB `j¸‡jv cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`vi
evwnbx‡K AZ¨vPvi, wbh©vZb I MYnZ¨vq mn‡hvwMZv K‡i| 1971 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤î gv‡mi
cÖ_g mßv‡n mggbv evg ivR‰bwZK `jmg~n wb‡q AvIqvgx jxM GKwU Dc‡`óv cwil`
MVb K‡i| Dc‡`óv cwil‡ì m`m¨‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jb gIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx
(b¨vc-fvmvbx), gwY wms (evsjv‡`‡ki KwgDwb÷ cvwU©), g‡bviÄb ai (evsjv‡`k
b¨vkbvj Ks‡MÖm), Aa¨vcK gyRvddi Avng` (b¨vc-gyR vddi)| AvIqvgx jxM †_‡K
wQ‡jb cÖavbgš¿x ZvRDÏxb Avng` I ciivóªgš¿x L›`Kvi †gvkZvK Avng`| cvwK¯Í vwb
nvbv`vi evwnbx I Zv‡ì G‡`wkq †`vmi‡ì AZ¨vPvi, wbh© vZb, nZ¨v, al©Y G‡`‡ki
gvbyl‡K HKë× K‡i‡Q| ZvB gyw³hy‡× QvÎ, K…l K, kªwgK, bvix, wk¶K, Kwe,
mvsevw`K, wPwKrmK, wkíxmn wewfbœ †ckvi gvby l kvwgj n‡q‡Q|
¯^vaxbZvwe‡ivax kvwšÍ KwgwU, ivRvKvi I Ab¨vb¨ evwnbx MVb
gyw³evwnbxi µgea©gvb ZrciZv e„w× †c‡j 1971 mv‡ji 12 AvM÷ Bqvwnqv Lvb Mfb©i
wU°v Lv‡bi ¯’‡j Wv. Avãyj gvwjK‡K Mfb©i wbhy³ K‡ib| Wv. gvwj‡Ki ZË¡veav‡b
wewfbœ ivR‰bwZK `‡ji cÖwZwbwa mgš^‡q GKwU †emvgwiK miKvi MVb Kiv nq| cvwK¯Ívb
mg_©K ivRbxwZwe`‡ì I ag©w fwËK `j Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx, †bRv‡g Bmjvgx, wcwWwc,
gymwjg jx‡Mi mgš^‡q GKwU kvwšÍ KwgwU MVb Kiv nq| †`ke¨vcx Gi kvLv KwgwU MwVZ
nq| AZ¨vPvi, wbh©vZb I MYnZ¨vq GB msMVb `Lj`vi evwnbxi wek¦¯Í mnPi wn‡m‡e
KvR K‡i| cwK¯Í vwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi mn‡hvwM msMVb wn‡m‡e ivRvKvi, Avjeì, Avj
kvgm evwnbx MVb Kiv nq| ivRvKvi‡ì cÖwk¶Y w`‡Zv cvwK¯Í vwb evwnbx Ges cÖwk¶‡Yi
†gqv` wQj GK mßvn| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi QvÎ msMVb Bmjvgx QvÎ ms‡Ni m`m¨‡ì
wb‡q M‡o †Zvjv nq Avjeì evwnbx| GB evwnbx evOvwj eyw×Rxex nZ¨vi cÖa vb `vwqZ¡
cvjb K‡i| Ab¨vb¨ Bmjvwg QvÎmsMV‡bi †bZv-Kgx©‡ì wb‡q MwVZ nq Avj-kvgm
evwnbx| GB evwnbx MYnZ¨vq mn‡hvwMZvi cvkvcvwk wewfbœ K¨v¤ú I weªR cvnviv w`‡Zv|
cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`vi evwnbx evsjv‡`‡ki me m¤ú`-cÖw Zôvb aŸsm K‡i w`‡Z †P‡q‡Q|
Zv‡ì j¶ wQj GB f~ L‡Ûi gvby l‡ì nZ¨v K‡i f~wg `Lj K‡i †bIqv| cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbxi
GB mKj gvbeZvwe‡ivax Aciv‡a mnvqZv K‡i‡Q GB †`wkq evwnbx¸‡jv|
c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi wKQz †jvK cvwK¯Í vwb nvbv`vi evwnbx‡K gvbeZvwe‡ivax Aciva MYnZ¨v,
al©Y, jyÉb I AwMœms‡hv‡M mn‡hvwMZv K‡i hviv gvbeZvwe‡ivax Acivax wn‡m‡e
cwiwPZ| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ RvgvqvZ Bmjvgxi †bZv †Mvjvg Avhg, AveŸvm Avjx Lvb, Avãyj
Lv‡jK, gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` BDmyd, wcwWwc †bZv b~iæj Avgxb, gvngy` Avjx, dwi`
Avng`, BDmyd Avjx †PŠaywi, Ave`yj ReŸvi Lvb, gymwjg jxM †bZv meyi Lvb, KvRx
Kv‡ì, dRjyj Kv‡ì †PŠayix, Ave`yj gwZb, Av.b.g. BDmyd, LvRv L‡qiæÏxb, Aveyj

Kv‡kg, K…l K kÖwgK cvwU©i †bZv †gvnv¤§` †mvjvqgvb, RvZxq jxM †bZv kvn AvwRRyi
ingvb Ges Bmjvgx QvÎ ms‡Ni †bZv gwZDi ingvb wbRvgx, Ave`yj Kv‡ì †gvjøv,
Avjx Avnmvb †gvnv¤§` gyRvwn` Ab¨Zg| GB †`k‡`ªvnxiv cÖ Kv‡k¨ gyw³hy‡×i we‡ivwaZv
K‡i| G mgq Aeiæ× evsjv‡`‡k †`kxq †`vmi‡ì mn‡hvwMZvq cvwK¯Ívwb mvgwiK
evwnbx mgMÖ evsjv‡K ea¨f~wg‡Z cwiYZ K‡i|
gyw³hy‡× ewnwe©‡k¦i mg_©b I mvnvh¨
gyw³hy‡× cvwK¯Í vwb evwnbxi bviKxq ZvÛe wek¦we‡eK‡K bvov †`q| wewfbœ †`k wb›`v I
cÖwZev` Rvbvq Ges gyw³hy‡×i cÖwZ mg_©b Rvbvq| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× cÖwZ‡ewk
†`k fviZ, †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqbmn c~e© BD‡iv‡ci †`kmg~‡ni miKvi I RbMY mg_©b I
mn‡hvwMZvi nvZ cÖmvwiZ K‡iwQj| hy‡×i mgq evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ vq GK‡KvwU †jvK fvi‡Z
Avkªq †bq| fvi‡Zi miKvi I RbMY evsjv‡`kx kiYv_x©‡ì fiY †cvl‡Yi
`vwqZ¡cvjbmn meai‡bi mvnvh¨ I mn‡hvwMZv K‡iwQj| Z‡e gvwK©b hy³ivóª, Pxb I
†mŠ`xAviemn ga¨cÖv‡Pï K‡qKwU †`‡ki miKvi gyw³hy‡×i we‡ivwaZv K‡i| Hme
†`‡ki RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i cÖwZ wQj Mfxi mnvbyf~w Z I mg_©b| 6
wW‡m¤î fviZ evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^ vaxb ivóª wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ †`q|
gyw³evwnbx I wgÎevwnbxi †hŠ_ AvµgY

1971 mv‡ji wW‡m¤î gv‡mi cÖ_g w`‡KB Kzwóqv, w`bvRcyi I h‡kv‡ii we¯Í… Y© AÂj
nvbv`vi evwnbxi `Ljgy³ nq| 3 wW‡m¤î cvwK¯Í vb fviZ AvµgY Ki‡j 4 wW‡m¤î
fviZ cvwK¯Ív‡bi wejy‡× hy× †NvlYv K‡i| Bw›ìv MvÜx miKvi 6 wW‡m¤î evsjv‡`k‡K
¯^vaxb mve©‡ fŠg ivóª wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ †`q| gyw³‡hv×v‡ì mn‡hvwMZvi Rb¨ fviZ miKvi
wgÎ evwnbx cvVvq| gyw³ evwnbx I wgÎ evwnbx GK‡Î †hŠ_ evwnbx MVb K‡i cvwK¯Ívb
evwnbxi wejy‡× cÖPÛ AvµgY ïjyK‡i| 14 wW‡m¤^‡ii g‡a¨ h‡kvi †mbvwbevm, mvZ¶xiv,
gv¸iv, bovBj, wSbvB`n, ˆfie, Kzwóqv, gqgbwmsn I Uv½vBj gy³ K‡i †hŠ_ evwnbx
XvKvi DcK‡É P‡j Av‡m|
eyw×Rxex nZ¨v
†hŠ_ evwnbx XvKvi DcK‡É AvMgb I fviZxq wegvb evwnbxi XvKv Avµg‡Yi †cÖ¶vc‡U
14 wW‡m¤î MfY©i gvwj‡Ki †bZ… Z¡vaxb miKvi c`Z¨vM K‡i| G mgq cvwK¯Ívb evwnbx
Zv‡ì G‡`wkq †`vmi ivRvKvi, Avjeì I Avj kvgm Gi mn‡hvwMZvq e¨vcK MYnZ¨v
Pvjvq| 10 †_‡K 14 wW‡m¤î evsjv‡`‡ki L¨vwZgvb wk¶K, wPwKrmK I mvsevw`Kmn
A‡bK ey w×Rxex‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm G NUbvwU AZ¨šÍ gg©vwšÍ K|
nZ¨vKv‡Ûi wkKvi ey w×Rxex‡ì ¯§i‡Y 14 wW‡m¤î knx` ey w×Rxex wèm cvwjZ nq|
¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki Afy¨`q

gyw³hy‡×i ïjy†_‡KB fviZ wewfbœfv‡e evsjv‡`k‡K mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZv K‡i| 1971
mv‡ji 21 b‡f¤î gyw³evwnbx I fviZxq evwnbx wg‡j Ô†hŠ_ KgvÛÕ MVb K‡i| 6-16

wW‡m¤î gyw³evwnbxi mv‡_ fvi‡Zi †mbv, †bŠ, wegvbevwnbxI cvwK¯Ívb nvbv`vi evwnbxi
mv‡_ hy× K‡i| †hŠ_ evwnbxi `ye© vi Avµg‡Y chy© `¯Í cvwK¯Í vwb nvbv`vi evwnbx Ae‡k‡l
AvZ¥mgc©‡Y m¤§Z nq| 1971 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤î ZrKvjxb †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b (eZ©gvb
†mvnivIqv`x© D`¨vb) cvwK¯Ívb evwnbxi B÷vb© Kgv‡Ûi cÖa vb †j. †Rbv‡ij Avgxi
Ave`yjø vn Lvb wbqvRx 93 nvRvi ˆmb¨mn †hŠ_ evwnbxi wbKU AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡ib|
cvwK¯Ív‡bi c‡¶ wbqvRx Ges †hŠ_ evwnbxi c‡¶ AvZ¥mgc© Y `wj‡j ¯^ v¶i K‡ib
fviZxq †mbvevwnbxi B÷vb© Kgv‡Ûi cÖavb †j. †Rbv‡ij RMwRr wms A‡iviv| G‡Z
A¯’vqx MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii c‡¶ MÖy c K¨v‡Þb G †K L›`Kvi Dcw¯’Z
wQ‡jb| cvwK¯Ívb evwnbxi AvZ¥mgc©‡ Yi ga¨ w`‡q gyw³hy‡×i P~ovšÍ weRq m¤úbœ nq|
wek¦ gvbwP‡Î Afy¨`q nq ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`‡ki|
cvwK¯Ívbx evwnbxi AvZ¥mgc©Y
mvi-ms‡¶c 1971 wLª÷v‡ãi gyw³hy× evsjv‡`wk‡ì me‡P‡q eo An¼vi| cvwK¯Ívwb kvmbh‡š¿i KvQ
†_‡K c~e© cvwK¯Ívwbiv †Kvbiƒc mnvbyf~wZ jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i wb; eis †c‡q‡Q eÂbv Avi
wbh©vZb| ¯^vaxbZv wQwb‡q †bqv Qvov ZLb Zv‡ì Avi KiYxq wKQz wQj bv| d‡j
evsjv‡`wkiv Su vwc‡q c‡o gyw³hy‡×| bq gv‡mi hy‡× wech© ¯Í K‡i †d‡j cvwK¯Í vwb
nvbv`vi evwnbx‡K| gyw³hy‡×i †kl w`‡K fvi‡Zi wgÎ evwnbx mvnv‡hï nvZ evovq| d‡j
gyw³‡hv×v‡ì kw³ A‡bK †e‡o hvq| GiB cwiYwZ‡Z 16 wW‡m¤î 1971 wLª÷v‡ã
cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q gyw³hy‡×i P~ovšÍ weRq AwR© Z nq|
Afy¨`q N‡U ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`‡ki|

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
 1. Bqvwnqv Lvb ¶gZvq e‡m mvgwiK kvmb Rvwi K‡iwQ‡jb 

K. 1969 wLª÷v‡ãi 25 gvP© L. 1970 wLª÷v‡ãi 25 gvP©

M. 1971 wLª÷v‡ãi 25 gvP© N. 1972 wLª÷v‡ãi 25 gvP©
2. 1971 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡mi wbe©vP‡b 169wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ AvIqvgx jxM jvf
K‡i
K. 88wU L. 167wU
M. 100wU N. 150wU
3. e½eÜz ¯^vaxbZv msMÖ v‡gi †cÖiYv w`‡qwQ‡jb
K. MYcwil‡ì wbe©vP‡b L. 71-Gi 25 gv‡P©
M. 71-Gi 16 wW‡m¤^‡i N. 7 gv‡P©i fvl‡Y
msw¶ß DËig~jK cÖkœ

 1. gyw³hy‡×i †cÖ¶vcU wK wQj?
2. gyw³hy‡× e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi f~ wgKv wjLyb?
3. evsjv‡`‡ki Afy¨`q m¤ú‡K© eY©bv w`b|
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb-11 t iPbvg~jK DËi cÖkœ
1. fvlv ms¯‹vi KwgwU m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kjyb|
2. fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi c~‡e© †h me mvs¯‹…wZK cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¥ n‡qwQj Zvi weeiY w`b|
3. GKz‡k †deªyqvwi P~ ovšÍ Av‡›`vjb m¤ú‡K© eY©bv w`b|
4. c~e©evsjvi cÖwZ cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb kvmKPµ wKfv‡e êlg¨ m„wó K‡iwQj Zv eY©bv Kjyb|
5. hy³d«‡›Ui GKzk `dvi eY©b v w`b|
6. 1954 wLª÷v‡ãi cÖ v‡`wkK wbe© vPb I Gi djvdj Av‡jvPbv Kjyb|
7. Qq `dv Av‡›`vjb wK? eY©b v Kjyb|
8. GMvi `dv Av‡›`vj‡bi weeiY w`b|
9. 1969-Gi MY Af~Ìv‡bi cUf~wg Av‡jvPbv K‡i Gi cÖwZwµqv e¨vL¨v Kjyb|
10. gyw³hy‡×i NUbv cÖevn Av‡jvPbv Kjyb|

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BDwbU

HwZnvwmK weeZ© b : cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j evsjv (1947-1971)

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  229

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  230

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb t 10.1

 1. evsjv fvlv‡K aŸsm Kivi Rb¨ cvwK¯Ívb miKvi Kx c`‡¶c wb‡qwQj|

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  231

†deªyqvwi MYcwil‡`i Awa‡ek‡b Ks‡MÖm `jxq m`m¨ ax‡i›`ªbv_ `Ë D`©y I Bs‡iwRi

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  232

GKz‡k †deªyqvwii P~o všÍ Av‡›`vjb

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  233

†K›`ª xq knx` wgbvi

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  234

fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi knx`MY

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb t 10.2

 1. fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi m~Pbv Kxfv‡e n‡qwQj?

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  235

cvV c~e©evsjvi cÖwZ ˆelg¨g~jK bxwZ

c~e©evsjvi m¤ú` †kvlY

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  236

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  237

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  238

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  239

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb t 10.3

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  240

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  241

1. evsjv‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ab¨Zg ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e cÖ wZôv Kiv

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  242

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  243

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb t 10.4

 1. cÖv‡`wkK wbe©vP‡bi ZvwiL wVK Kiv n‡qwQj 

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  244

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  245

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  246

mvgwiK kvmbwe‡ivax Av‡›`vjb I 1962 mv‡ji msweavb

ivR‰bwZK `‡ji cybjy¾ xeb

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  247

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  248

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb t 10.5

 1. c~e© evsjvi Ôc~e© cvwK¯Í vbÕ bvgKiY Kiv nq 

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  249

c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi gyw³i mb` Qq `dv

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  250

e½eÜzi Qq `dv XvKvi ivRc‡_ 6 `dvi c‡ÿ wgwQj

AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  251

AvBqyewe‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi m~ÎcvZ

GMvi `dv Av‡›`vjb

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  252

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb t 10.6

 1. Qq `dv `vwe cÖ_g DÌvcb Kiv nq 

 1. Qq `dv `vwe Kx?

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  253

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  254

gwZDi knx` Avmv` 69-Gi MYAfz¨Ìvb

1969 Gi MY Afy¨Ìv‡bi cÖwZwµqv

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  255

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv  256

 1. 1969-Gi MY Afy¨Ìv‡bi †cÖ¶vcU eY©b Kjy b|