Lab Report

LAB REPORT
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

(ADD24303)
AMNI DAMIA BINTI SALISWISMA

(065282)
LECTURER:
DR NORLIANA YUSOF
DIPLOMA IN INDUSTRIAL OF DESIGN
Faculty of Innovative Design and Technology

Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin
2023
TABLE OF CONTENT
1. Introduction
2. Objectives
3. Equipment/Component
4. Procedures
5. Results/Testing
6. Circuit Operation/How circuit works?
7. Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
Basic electrics and electronics are study of electricity (the movement of electrons) and how to
harness that to create objects like computers. It performs useful tasks by using circuits that are
constructed from parts called components and connecting wires. Electrical engineering is a discipline
that applies the physics-based science of electronics in practical ways.
OBJECTIVE
1. To select the right electronics components and identify its characteristics
2. To learn how to solder electronics components onto printed circuit board
3. To apply correct and safety rules associated with using a soldering iron
4. To test the functionality of the soldered electronics circuit

EQUIPMENT
1. Soldering iron in stand
A soldering iron stand protects the iron from combustible materials and frequently includes a flux
pot and cellulose sponge for cleaning the tip.
2. Damp sponge
Usually use cellulose sponge for easy cleaning the iron tip.
3. Lead coil/wire.
Use as solder with soldering iron when connecting the component legs.
4. Solder sucker
Use when the lead drip or mess on other component legs while the lead still melting and take
out the solder.
5. Wire cutter
To cut the lead coil.
COMPONENT
1. Resistor
Limits or regulates the electrical current flow in an electronic circuit
2. Diode
As rectifiers, signal limiters, voltage regulators, switches, signal modulators, signal mixers, signal
demodulators, and oscillators, diodes are a versatile electrical component. A diode's propensity to
transmit electric current solely in one direction is its fundamental characteristic.
3. Thermistor
To measure the temperature of fire alarm.
4. Capacitor
A capacitor is an electrical energy storage device that consists of two conductors that are isolated
from one another and placed near to one another. A straightforward illustration of such a storage
system is the parallel-plate capacitor.
5. Integrated Circuit (IC)
As amplifiers, microprocessors, switches and a semiconductor wafer with milloions of thousands tiny
resistors.
6. Wires
To conduct and connect the electrics circuit.
7. Speaker
The analogue audio signal from an audio amplifier is transformed by speakers into audible sound
waves by the human ear.
8. PCB board
Through the use of conductive paths, tracks, or signal traces etched from copper sheets laminated
onto a non-conductive substrate, they are used to mechanically support and electrically connect
electronic components.
PROCEDURES
1. First, connect soldering iron in stand with power supply and let it heat for a while.
2. Pour some water on the dry sponge to make it into a damp sponge
3. Arrange the component given such resistor, diode, thermistor, capacitor, integrated circuit
(IC), wires, speaker and chip board.
4. When soldering iron ready to use, connect the legs of resistor on the chip board. Make sure
the body of resistor is on surface with no lead, which is green surface for soldering.
5. Make sure the legs of resistor fit neatly and straight up position.
6. Cut the lead coil to use in soldering.
7. Clean iron tip with damp sponge.
8. Make sure place iron tip on the resistor legs near chip board before place lead wires during
soldering because the lead wire will melt because of heat iron tip.
9. Hand placement for iron soldering must at least 80 degrees. Cut the end of melt lead must
pull up straight along the legs.
10. Clean the iron tip every time after using it.
11. Repeat the steps from 4 – 10 with others component.
RESULTS/ TESTING
CIRCUIT OPERATION
Ding dong doorbell switch s1 is push button switch on the door, without press the switch, the
capacitance cannot be connected is not recharged, and capacitance voltage of 0 v, the reset has
been in a low level condition, leading to the speaker does not work. When closed switch s1, the VCC
current through the diode for capacitor charging, make its both ends of the voltage, and reset
voltage also began to rise gradually. When the voltage of the capacitance increased to higher levels,
namely the reset input port is the high level, the timer starts, composed of resistance, capacitance
and diode oscillator start work, output frequency for f1.When disconnecting switch s1, resistance
and capacitance circuit, capacitor began to discharge. At the same time composed of resistance,
capacitance and diode oscillator start work, output frequency for 2f. Restore low level is reset when
the capacitor discharge end, timer stop working. In the speaker output termination, output current
will make the speaker voice. Output frequency is not at the same time, the sound is different. This
circuit has two kinds of different frequency, so the speaker will be issued a "ding" "dong" two kinds
of different sounds.
Specifications:
Package Name: NE555 doorbell kit
Working voltage: 4.0-7.0V
PCB size: 28mm (L) *25mm (W)

Kit horn: 8 Ohm 0.25W
Color: Beige
Net Weight: 15g
Components Includes: 1x 8 Ohm 0.25W; wire 2x 100MM; red line 2x100MM; black line; 1x NE555
chip ; 1x 8P IC block ; 1x 100UF 25V Capacitance; 1x 10UF 25V Capacitance; 3x 103 ceramic
capacitors ; 5x 47K resistance ; 2x 1N4148 diode
CONCLUSION
 Students able to use soldering tools in correct way with correct methods.
 Every component has its own function and value.
 Students able to know operation of basic alarm circuit.
 Alarm circuit need to have correct circuit connection.

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LAB REPORT

ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

AMNI DAMIA BINTI SALISWISMA

DIPLOMA IN INDUSTRIAL OF DESIGN

Faculty of Innovative Design and Technology

6. Circuit Operation/How circuit works?

1. To select the right electronics components and identify its characteristics

2. To learn how to solder electronics components onto printed circuit board

4. To test the functionality of the soldered electronics circuit

To cut the lead coil.

Limits or regulates the electrical current flow in an electronic circuit

5. Integrated Circuit (IC)

To conduct and connect the electrics circuit.

Package Name: NE555 doorbell kit

Working voltage: 4.0-7.0V

PCB size: 28mm (L) *25mm (W)

Net Weight: 15g

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