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Chapter 5 - Part 2

The document discusses work, energy, and power. It explains that: 1) When a force moves a body, it does work and causes a change in the body's kinetic energy. 2) For motion with constant acceleration, the increase in kinetic energy equals the work done by the net force. 3) When motion involves changes in height, work is done by or against the weight of the body, so the total work equals the change in kinetic plus potential energy.

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Nur Ainna Liyana
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25 views

Chapter 5 - Part 2

The document discusses work, energy, and power. It explains that: 1) When a force moves a body, it does work and causes a change in the body's kinetic energy. 2) For motion with constant acceleration, the increase in kinetic energy equals the work done by the net force. 3) When motion involves changes in height, work is done by or against the weight of the body, so the total work equals the change in kinetic plus potential energy.

Uploaded by

Nur Ainna Liyana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mechanics

Chapter 5
WORK, ENERGY and POWER
PART 2
WORK – ENERGY PRINCIPLE
• When a force moves a body, it does work and causes a change in the kinetic
energy of the body .
• For motion in straight line with constant acceleration we know that: -

𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠
𝐹
• Using newton’s law; replacing a -
𝑚
2
𝐹
2
𝑣 =𝑢 +2 𝑠
𝑚
1 1 1
• Multiplying by m and rearrange gives: 𝑚𝑣 2 − 𝑚𝑢2 = Fs
2
2 2
WORK – ENERGY PRINCIPLE
• In straight line and constant direction; work done by force is
W = Fs
∴Increase in kinematic energy = work done by force

• but when motion involve a changes of height of the body, work will be done
by/against the weight of the body.
∴Increase in kinematic energy = total work force by all forces
1 1
• Total work force – 2 situation:-
When height of body When height of body
 Fd 
2
mv2

2
mu 2

Total work done by weight + Decrease in gravitational potential


total work done by other forces energy + total work done by other
force
WORK – ENERGY PRINCIPLE
• Alternative work – energy principle:
= total work done by forces that act to
Increasing in speed the body up – total work done
by forces that act to slow the body
mechanical energy down
= work done

∴ Increasing in KE + increase in GPE = Total Work Done by Force

𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑠 1 1
෍ 𝐹𝑑 = 𝑚𝑣 − 𝑚𝑢2
2
𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠
= 𝑚𝑎𝑠 2 2
𝑣 2 − 𝑢2
𝑣 2 − 𝑢2 = 𝑎𝑠
=𝑚 where
2
2
Example 7 No friction

A particle of mass 4 kg is projected down a plane inclined 30° to the horizontal at a


speed of 1 ms-1. There is a constant resistance of 5 N. Find the speed of the particle
after it has travelled 6 m down the plane.

1 2 1
 Fd  2 mv  2 mu 2

W f  WR  4 v  4 1
1 2 1 2

2 2
410  6 sin 30  56   2v  2
2

v  6.78 ms -1
Example 8
Example 8
Example 9
Conservation of energy in a system of
conservation force
• Conservation force is any force for which the work done by that force in
moving a particle between two points is independent of the path taken

• Example conservation force:-


• Weight (depend on change in vertical; initial and final position)
• Work done by force (potential energy – kinetic energy)

• Example of not conversation force:-


• Friction
• Driving force
Conservation of energy in a system of
conservation force
• A consequence of the work – energy principle is that for a closed system of
conservative forces the total mechanical energy, KE + GPE, is constant:

initial KE + initial GPE = KE at any point + GPE at any point = final KE + final GPE

• Alternatively, we can think of this as:

loss in GPE = gain in KE (gain in GPE = loss in KE)

• We call this conservation of mechanical energy


Conservation of energy in a system of
conservation force
Conservation of energy in a system of
conservation force
Conservation of energy in a system of non-
conservation force
• Non-conservation force is any force for which work done by that force
in moving a particle between two point is different point for different
oaths taken.
• Example of non – conversation force :-
• Driving force
• Friction force
• Air resistance
• Non - converting is – energy change into movement- example driving
force – chemical energy; where from fuel to kinetic energy
Example
Power
• Power is the rate of doing work; so average power generated by engine is given
by:-
work done by the engine 𝐹𝑠
average power = = ;
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑡

𝛿𝑠
=F. = F . V = Fv
𝛿𝑡

The rate at which an engine works is call the power of the engine.

Power = rate of doing work = Fv


@ Power = force x speed
When F, the driving force, is constant.
Example
Example
Example
Thank you……

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