Ch4 - WEP

1
Chapter 6
WORK, ENERGY, POWER
DR. SITI NORAIZA BINTI AB RAZAK

DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE & MATHEMATICS
CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES
Learning Outcome 2
 At
the end of this chapter, student should
be able to
 Understand the principle of Work
 Define and solve Kinetic Energy
 Define and solve potential Energy
 Applying the principle of Mechanical Energy
 Define and apply the concept of Power
Work 3
 Definition: An energy transfer that occurs when a force acts on an
object that moves.
 Scalar quantity
 SI unit: Joule (J) / Nm / kgm2s-2
 Work done by a constant force; 𝑊 = 𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 ∙ 𝑠
𝑊 = 𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑠 cos 𝜃
Where 𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = magnitude of total force
s = displacement of the object
θ = angle between F and s
4
The angle between the force and displacement must be

considered!!
𝐹 𝑠
1st case: the displacement is at the same direction with force (𝜃 = 0°)
W = Fs cos (0°)
Thus; 𝑊 = 𝐹𝑠
 2nd case: the displacement in opposite direction with force
5
𝑠 𝐹
W = Fs cos (180°)
W = - Fs (negative work done)
 3rd case: the force in perpendicular direction with displacement

W = Fs cos (90°)
W=0 𝐹
𝑠
6
 If there are some angle posses between the force and

displacement, 𝐹
𝜃 𝑠
 The work done is equal to the multiplication of force, displacement, and

cosine ()
𝑊 = 𝐹𝑠 cos 𝜃
7
Test your understanding
Q: What will be the work done by the system?

A:
Work done on an object is zero when F = 0 N or s = 0 m and θ 8= 90°
EXAMPLE 1: 9
You push your physics reference book 1.50 m along a horizontal table with a
horizontal force of 5.00 N. The frictional force is 1.60 N. Calculate
a. the work done by the 5.00 N force,
b. the work done by the frictional force,
c. the total work done on the book.
EXAMPLE 2: 10
A box of mass 20 kg moves up a rough plane which is inclined to the horizontal at
25°. It is pulled by a horizontal force F of magnitude 250 N. The coefficient of kinetic
friction between the box and the plane is 0.300.
a) If the box travels 3.80 m along the plane, determine

i. the work done on the box by the force F,
ii. the work done on the box by the gravitational force,
iii. the work done on the box by the reaction force,
iv. the work done on the box by the frictional force,
v. the total work done on the box.
b) If the speed of the box is zero at the bottom of the plane, calculate its speed when
it is travelled 3.80 m.
(Given g = 9.81 ms-2)
EXAMPLE 3: 11
A horizontal force F is applied to a 2.0 kg radio-controlled car as it moves along a straight

track. The force varies with the displacement of the car as shown in figure above.
Calculate the work done by the force F when the car moves from 0 to 7 m.
Answer:
ENERGY 12
 Definition: System’s ability to do work.
 Scalar quantity. Unit: Joules (J)
 Many types of energy including:
 Mechanical, Elastic, Gravitational, Luminous
 Nuclear, Radiant, Magnetic, Electrical
1. Potential Energy U (Stored Energy) 2. Kinetic Energy K (Motion Energy)
Gravitational
Elastic
Michael-Blount:-Law-of-Conservation-of-Energy
Kinetic Energy 13
 The work ‘Kinetic’ is derived from the Greek word meaning to

move. Thus ‘Kinetic energy’ is the energy of motion- the ability to
do work.
 The faster the body moves, the more kinetic energy is produced.
The greater the mass and speed of an object the more kinetic
energy there will be.
14
Kinetic Energy Equation
1
∆𝐾 = 𝑚v2
2
Potential Energy Equation

∆𝑈 = U𝑓 − U𝑖 = mg∆h
EXAMPLE 4: 15
A stationary object of mass 3.0 kg is pulled upwards by a constant force of
magnitude 50 N. Determine the speed of the object when it is traveled upwards
through 4.0 m.
Answer:
EXAMPLE 5: 16
A block of mass 2.00 kg slides 0.750 m down an inclined plane that slopes
downward at an angle of 36.9° above the horizontal. If the block starts from rest,
calculate its final speed. You can ignore the friction.
EXAMPLE 6: 17
An object of mass 2.0 kg moves along the x-axis and is acted on by a force F. Figure
above shows how F varies with distance traveled, s. The speed of the object at s = 0
is 10 m/s.
Determine
a. the speed of the object at s = 10 m,
b. the kinetic energy of the object at s = 6.0 m.
EXAMPLE 7: 18
In a smooth pulley system, a force F is required to bring an object of

mass 5.00 kg to the height of 20.0 m at a constant speed of 3.00
m/s as shown in figure above. Determine
a. the force, F
b. the work done by the force, F.
19
Work-Energy Theorem
 The Work-Energy Theorem is the idea that energy and work can be
directly exchanged for another.
 For example if you do 15 J of work to push cart to get the cart
moving, it is now moving with 15 J of kinetic energy.
𝑾𝒐𝒓𝒌 ↔ 𝑬𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚
Work
done
Kinetic energy
PRINCIPLE OF CONSERVATION OF 20
ENERGY
“In an isolated (closed) system, the total energy of that system is
said to be constant”.
Σ 𝐸𝑖 = Σ 𝐸𝑓
Conservation of Mechanical Energy
“In an isolated system, the mechanical energy of a system is the sum of its
potential energy, U and the kinetic energy, K of the objects are constant.”
𝐸 =𝐾+𝑈
𝐾𝑖 + 𝑈𝑖 = 𝐾𝑓 + 𝑈𝑓
21
Work-Energy Theorem
W = ∆K = -∆U
22
EXAMPLE 9: 23
A 40-g object starting from rest falls through a vertical distance of 25 cm and
reached the ground. Find:
a)The kinetic energy at final position
b)The velocity of the object just before it hits the ground.
EXAMPLE 10: 24
Consider a ball of mass 2 kg rolling on a smooth surface as in figure below.
a)If the ball starts from rest at point A, find its speed at point B
b)If the ball reach at point C with speed 5 m/s, what must have been its
initial velocity at point A?
EXAMPLE 11: 25
Power 26
 Definition: Work done per unit of time.

 Power also referred to the rate of doing work or rate of using
energy.
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
 The unit for power is Watt

 In other form, the power refers to the constant force moves on
object at constant velocity
𝑃 = 𝐹v

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1

DR. SITI NORAIZA BINTI AB RAZAK

The angle between the force and displacement must be

 3rd case: the force in perpendicular direction with displacement

 If there are some angle posses between the force and

 The work done is equal to the multiplication of force, displacement, and

Q: What will be the work done by the system?

a) If the box travels 3.80 m along the plane, determine

A horizontal force F is applied to a 2.0 kg radio-controlled car as it moves along a straight

1. Potential Energy U (Stored Energy) 2. Kinetic Energy K (Motion Energy)

 The work ‘Kinetic’ is derived from the Greek word meaning to

Potential Energy Equation

In a smooth pulley system, a force F is required to bring an object of

 Definition: Work done per unit of time.

 The unit for power is Watt

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