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Physical Properties Table
Physical Properties Table
TABLE PAGES
B.1 Selected Physical Property Data 628–634
B.2 Heat Capacities 635–637
B.3 Vapor Pressure of Water 638–639
B.4 Antoine Equation Constants 640–641
B.5 Properties of Saturated Steam: Temperature Table 642–643
B.6 Properties of Saturated Steam: Pressure Table 644–649
B.7 Properties of Superheated Steam 650–651
B.8 Specific Enthalpies of Selected Gases: SI Units 652
B.9 Specific Enthalpies of Selected Gases: American Engineering Units 652
B.10 Atomic Heat Capacities for Kopp’s Rule 653
B.11 Integral Heats of Solution and Mixing at 25°C 653
627
628 Appendix B
Table B.1 Selected Physical Property Dataa
Acetaldehyde CH3CHO 44.05 0.78318° —123.7 — 20.2 25.1 461.0 — —166.2(g) —1192.4(g)
Acetic acid CH3COOH 60.05 1.049 16.6 12.09 118.2 24.39 594.8 57.1 —486.18(l) —871.69(l)
—438.15(g) —919.73(g)
Acetone C 3H6O 58.08 0.791 —95.0 5.69 56.0 30.2 508.0 47.0 —248.2(l) —1785.7(l)
—216.7(g) —1821.4(g)
Acetylene C 2 H2 26.04 — — — —81.5 17.6 309.5 61.6 +226.75(g) —1299.6(g)
Ammonia NH3 17.03 — —77.8 5.653 —33.43 23.351 405.5 111.3 —67.20(l)
—46.19(g) —382.58(g)
Ammonium NH4OH 35.03 — — — — — — — —366.48(aq) —
hydroxide
Ammonium NH4NO3 80.05 1.72525° 169.6 5.4 Decomposes at 210°C —365.14(c) —
nitrate —399.36(aq)
Ammonium (NH4)2SO4 132.14 1.769 513 — Decomposes at 513°C —1179.3(c)
sulfate after melting —1173.1(aq)
Aniline C6H7N 93.12 1.022 —6.3 — 184.2 — 699 52.4 — —
Benzaldehyde C6H5CHO 106.12 1.046 —26.0 — 179.0 38.40 — — —88.83(l) —3520.0(l)
—40.04(g) —
Benzene C 6 H6 78.11 0.879 5.53 9.837 80.10 30.765 562.6 48.6 +48.66(l) —3267.6(l)
+82.93(g) —3301.5(g)
Benzoic acid C 7 H6 O2 122.12 1.26615° 122.2 — 249.8 — — — — —3226.7(g)
Benzyl alcohol C 7H 8 O 108.13 1.045 —15.4 — 205.2 — — — — —3741.8(l)
Bromine Br2 159.83 3.119 —7.4 10.8 58.6 31.0 584 102 0(l) —
1,2-Butadiene C 4 H6 54.09 — —136.5 — 10.1 — 446 — — —
1,3-Butadiene C 4 H6 54.09 — —109.1 — —4.6 — 425 42.7 — —
n-Butane C4H10 58.12 — —138.3 4.661 —0.6 22.305 425.17 37.47 —147.0(l) —2855.6(l)
—124.7(g) —2878.5(g)
Isobutane C4H10 58.12 — —159.6 4.540 —11.73 21.292 408.1 36.0 —158.4(l) —2849.0(l)
—134.5(g) —2868.8(g)
1-Butene C 4 H8 56.10 — —185.3 3.8480 —6.25 21.916 419.6 39.7 +1.17(g) —2718.6(g)
Calcium CaC2 64.10 2.2218° 2300 — — — — — —62.76(c) —
carbide
Calcium CaCO3 100.09 2.93 Decomposes at 825°C —1206.9(c) —
carbonate
Calcium CaCl2 110.99 2.15215° 782 28.37 >1600 — — — —794.96(c) —
chloride
Calcium Ca(OH)2 74.10 2.24 (—H2O at 580°C) —986.59(c) —
hydroxide
Calcium oxide CaO 56.08 3.32 2570 50 2850 — — — —635.6(c) —
Calcium Ca3(PO4)2 310.19 3.14 1670 — — — — — —4138(c) —
phosphate
Calcium CaSiO3 116.17 2.915 1530 48.62 — — — — —1584(c) —
silicate
Calcium CaSO4 136.15 2.96 — — — — — — —1432.7(c) —
sulfate —1450.4(aq)
Calcium CaSO4·2H2O 172.18 2.32 (—1.5 H2O at 128°C) — — — —2021(c) —
sulfate
(gypsum)
Carbon C 12.010 2.26 3600 46.0 4200 — — — 0(c) —393.51(c)
(graphite)
Carbon CO2 44.01 — —56.6 8.33 (Sublimes at —78°C) 304.2 72.9 —412.9(l) —
dioxide at 5.2 atm —393.5(g) —
Carbon CS2 76.14 1.26122°ƒ20° —112.1 4.39 46.25 26.8 552.0 78.0 +87.9(l) —1075.2(l)
disulfide +115.3(g) 1102.6(g)
Carbon CO 28.01 — —205.1 0.837 —191.5 6.042 133.0 34.5 —110.52(g) —282.99(g)
monoxide
Carbon CCl4 153.84 1.595 —22.9 2.51 76.7 30.0 556.4 45.0 —139.5(l) —352.2(l)
tetrachloride —106.7(g) —385.0(g)
Chlorine Cl2 70.91 — —101.00 6.406 —34.06 20.4 417.0 76.1 0(g) —
Chlorobenzene C6H5Cl 112.56 1.107 —45 — 132.10 36.5 632.4 44.6 — —
Chloroethane C2H5Cl See ethyl chloride
a
Adapted in part from D. M. Himmelblau, Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical En gineering, 3rd Edition, ©1974, Tables D.1 and F.1. Adapted by permission of
Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
b
Melting point at 1 atm.
c
Heat of fusion at Tm and 1 atm.
d
Boiling point at 1 atm.
Chloroform CHCl3 119.39 1.489 —63.7 — 61.0 536.0 54.0 —131.8(l) —373(l)
Copper Cu 63.54 8.92 1083 13.01 2595 304.6 — 0(c) —
Cupric CuSO4 159.61 3.60615° Decomposes > 600°C —769.9(c) —
sulfate —843.1(aq)
Cyclohexane C6H12 84.16 0.779 6.7 2.677 80.7 30.1 553.7 40.4 —156.2(l) —3919.9(l)
—123.1(g) —3953.0(g)
Cyclopentane C5H10 70.13 0.745 —93.4 0.609 49.3 27.30 511.8 44.55 —105.9(l) —3290.9(l)
—77.2(g) —3319.5(g)
n-Decane C10H22 142.28 0.730 —29.9 — 173.8 — 619.0 20.8 —249.7(l) —6778.3(l)
— —6829.7(g)
Diethyl ether (C2H5)2O 74.12 0.70825° —116.3 7.30 34.6 26.05 467 35.6 —272.8(l) —2726.7(l)
Ethane C2H6 30.07 — —183.3 2.859 —88.6 14.72 305.4 48.2 —84.67(g) —1559.9(g)
Ethyl acetate C4H8O2 88.10 0.901 —83.8 — 77.0 — 523.1 37.8 —463.2(l) —2246.4(l)
—426.8(g) —
Ethyl alcohol C2H5OH 46.07 0.789 —114.6 5.021 78.5 38.58 516.3 63.0 —277.63(l) —1366.91(l)
(Ethanol) —235.31(g) —1409.25(g)
Ethyl benzene C8H10 106.16 0.867 —94.67 9.163 136.2 35.98 619.7 37.0 —12.46(l) —4564.9(l)
+29.79(g) —4607.1(g)
Ethyl bromide C2H5Br 108.98 1.460 —119.1 — 38.2 — 504 61.5 —54.4(g) —
Ethyl chloride C2H5Cl 64.52 0.90315° —138.3 4.452 13.1 24.7 460.4 52.0 —105.0(g) —
3-Ethyl C8H18 114.22 0.717 — — 118.5 34.27 567.0 26.4 —250.5(l) —5407.1(l)
hexane —210.9(g) —5509.8(g)
Ethylene C2H4 28.05 — —169.2 3.350 —103.7 13.54 283.1 50.5 +52.28(g) —1410.99(g)
Ethylene C2H6O2 62.07 1.11319° —13 11.23 197.2 56.9 — — —451.5(l) —1179.5(l)
glycol —387.1(g) —
Ferric oxide Fe2O3 159.70 5.12 Decomposes at 1560°C —822.2(c)
Ferrous oxide FeO 71.85 5.7 — — — — — — —266.5(c) —
Ferrous FeS 87.92 4.84 1193 — — — — — —95.1(c) —
sulfide
Formaldehyde H2CO 30.03 0.815—20° —92 — —19.3 24.48 — — —115.90(g) —563.46(g)
Formic acid CH2O2 46.03 1.220 8.30 12.68 100.5 22.25 — — —409.2(l) —262.8(l)
—362.6(g) —
Glycerol C 3 H8 O3 92.09 1.26050° 18.20 18.30 290.0 — — — —665.9(l) —1661.1(l)
Helium He 4.00 — —269.7 0.02 —268.9 0.084 5.26 2.26 0(g) —
n-Heptane C7H16 100.20 0.684 —90.59 14.03 98.43 31.69 540.2 27.0 —224.4(l) —4816.9(l)
—187.8(g) —4853.5(g)
n-Hexane C6H14 86.17 0.659 —95.32 13.03 68.74 28.85 507.9 29.9 —198.8(l) —4163.1(l)
—167.2(g) —4194.8(g)
Hydrogen H2 2.016 — —259.19 0.12 —252.76 0.904 33.3 12.8 0(g) —285.84(g)
Hydrogen HBr 80.92 — 86 — —67 — — — —36.23(g) —
bromide
Hydrogen HCl 36.47 — —114.2 1.99 —85.0 16.1 324.6 81.5 —92.31(g) —
chloride
Hydrogen HCN 27.03 — 14 — 26 — — — +130.54(g) —
cyanide
Hydrogen HF 20.0 — 83 — 20 — 503.2 — —268.6(g) —
fluoride —316.9(aq, —
200)
Hydrogen H2 S 34.08 — —85.5 2.38 —60.3 18.67 373.6 88.9 —19.96(g) —562.59(g)
sulfide
Iodine I2 253.8 4.93 113.3 — 184.2 — 826.0 — 0(c) —
Iron Fe 55.85 7.7 1535 15.1 2800 354.0 — — 0(c) —
Lead Pb 207.21 11.33720°ƒ20° 327.4 5.10 1750 179.9 — 0(c) —
Lead oxide PbO 223.21 9.5 886 11.7 1472 213 — — —219.2(c) —
Magnesium Mg 24.32 1.74 650 9.2 1120 131.8 — — 0(c) —
Magnesium MgCl2 95.23 2.32525° 714 43.1 1418 136.8 — — —641.8(c) —
chloride
Magnesium Mg(OH)2 58.34 2.4 Decomposes at 350°C — —
hydroxide
Magnesium MgO 40.32 3.65 2900 77.4 3600 — — — —601.8(c) —
oxide
Mercury Hg 200.61 13.546 —38.87 — —356.9 — — — 0(c) —
Methane CH4 16.04 — —182.5 0.94 —161.5 8.179 190.70 45.8 —74.85(g) —890.36(g)
Methyl C 3 H6 O2 74.08 0.933 —98.9 — 57.1 — 506.7 46.30 —409.4(l) —1595(l)
(continued)
632 Appendix B
Table B.1 (Continued)
(continued)
634 Appendix B
Table B.1 (Continued)
Range
Mol. Temp. (Units
Compound Formula Wt. State Form Unit a × 103 b × 105 c × 108 d × 1012 of T )