Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ch3 - Force
Ch3 - Force
FORCE
𝒂
N
Normal force (N)
- A reaction force exerted by surface
- Always perpendicular to the surface
T fμ
Tension (T)
- Exist at rope, cable
- Direction, always away from body
5
NEWTON’S LAW
The direction of acceleration is the same with the direction of the net force.
FREE BODY DIAGRAM
1. Draw a sketch.
2. For one object, draw a free-body diagram, showing ALL
the forces acting on the object. Label each force. If
there are multiple objects, draw a separate diagram
for each one.
3. Resolve vectors into components.
4. Apply Newton’s second law to each component.
5. Solve.
Horizontal Plane
Consider a box of mass m is pulled along a horizontal rough surface by a
horizontal force, F
N a
F
f
mg
– x-component : F x Fnett ma
F f ma
– y-component : F y0
N mg
Inclined Plane
CASE 1: An object lies at rest on a rough inclined plane as shown below.
y
N x
Wy Wx mg sin θ
Wy mg cos θ
W mg
F y 0
F y N Wy 0
Therefore N = Wy 15
Inclined Plane
CASE 2: Consider a box of mass m is pulled along a rough inclined plane by a
force, F.
y
a x F
N
Wx
Wy
f
x-component (parallel to the inclined plane)
W mg
y-component (perpendicular to the inclined plane
F x ma F 0 y
F ma mg sin θ f N Wy 0
F Wx f ma N mg cos θ
Example 1:
Draw Free Body Diagram for figure below;
a) b)
c) d)
EXAMPLE 2:
4 kg 10 N
EXAMPLE 5:
Two balls A and B of masses 2 kg and 4 kg respectively are suspended by a string through a
pulley. If the system is released, find the acceleration of the system.
Solution :
Both balls move with the same acceleration, Since they are
connected by the string.
T
a
a A
T
mg
B
Mg
EXAMPLE 6: 4 kg
An object A, of mass 4kg on a smooth table is connected with another
object B, of mass 2 kg by a string through a pulley as shown in the
diagram
a) Find the acceleration of the system and the tension in the string
if there is a frictional force of 10 N acting on A
2 kg
N
W T
W
EXAMPLE 7:
Two masses, m1 = 2.5 kg and m2 = 3.5 kg rest on a frictionless surface and are
connected by a light string. A horizontal force F1 = 12 N is applied to
m1 as shown in the figure.
(a) What is the magnitude of acceleration of the system?
(b)What is the magnitude of the tension T1 and T2 ?
Solution
(b) The tensional forces T1 and T2 in the connecting string are equal in
magnitude but acts in the opposite direction. This will result in the string
pulled taut. The magnitude of tension in the string,
NEWTON’S THIRD LAW
Σ𝐹𝐴 = −Σ𝐹𝑅
Whenever one object exerts a force
on a second object, the second
exerts an equal force in the opposite
direction on the first. (action
reaction)
Force of Man on
Ceiling
EQUILIBRIUM CONDITION
The condition when the net force acting on a body acceleration, a, is equals to zero.
Conveys the idea that the forces are in balance
Any object with constant velocity, whether at rest or moving in straight line is said to
be in equilibrium
F1
F1 = F2
F4 F3 F3 = F4
F2
Example 8
Figure below shows a frictionless pulley and the system hangs in equlibrium.
If F3 is 100 N, calculate F1 and F2.
50⁰ 35⁰
F2 F3
F1
EXAMPLE 9:
A traffic light weighing 1.0 x 102 N hands from a vertical cable tied to two other
cables that are fastened to support, as in Figure 1. The upper cables make
angles of 37.0° and 53.0° with the horizontal. Find the tension in each of three
cables.
EXERCISE:
F
300
m = 0.75 kg
Figure 7.4
EXERCISE:
3) Calculate the force needed to keep a book sliding at a constant speed, if the mass
of the book is 2 kg. Given μk = 0.75. (Answer: 14.7 N)