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    Assignment 3

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    Zephaniah Somera
    Algae contain a variety of pigments including chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phycobilins. There are seven types of chlorophyll that serve as the green pigments in algae. Carotenoids include carotenes which are yellow hydrocarbons and xanthophylls which are oxygenated carotenes. Phycobilins are water-soluble pigments that appear blue or red and help algae absorb light in deep waters. The distribution of pigments in algae has taxonomic significance for classifying different algal groups.

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    Assignment 3

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    Zephaniah Somera
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    Algae contain a variety of pigments including chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phycobilins. There are seven types of chlorophyll that serve as the green pigments in algae. Carotenoids include carotenes which are yellow hydrocarbons and xanthophylls which are oxygenated carotenes. Phycobilins are water-soluble pigments that appear blue or red and help algae absorb light in deep waters. The distribution of pigments in algae has taxonomic significance for classifying different algal groups.

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    Algae contain a variety of pigments including chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phycobilins. There are seven types of chlorophyll that serve as the green pigments in algae. Carotenoids include carotenes which are yellow hydrocarbons and xanthophylls which are oxygenated carotenes. Phycobilins are water-soluble pigments that appear blue or red and help algae absorb light in deep waters. The distribution of pigments in algae has taxonomic significance for classifying different algal groups.

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    20 views4 pages

    Assignment 3

    Uploaded by

    Zephaniah Somera
    Algae contain a variety of pigments including chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phycobilins. There are seven types of chlorophyll that serve as the green pigments in algae. Carotenoids include carotenes which are yellow hydrocarbons and xanthophylls which are oxygenated carotenes. Phycobilins are water-soluble pigments that appear blue or red and help algae absorb light in deep waters. The distribution of pigments in algae has taxonomic significance for classifying different algal groups.

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    What are the different pigments found in algae?

    Algae exhibit a wide range of pigmentation. In both marine and freshwater algae, different colored
    pigments have been discovered, including green, red, yellow, and blue. Various types of algae have distinctive
    pigment compositions that vary. Except for members of the Cyanophyceae family, all groups of algae include
    pigments in specialized plastids known as chromophores (blue green algae). In algal systematics, the
    distribution pattern of pigments has significant taxonomic implications.
    Each major group of algae has at least one distinctive color in its cells. Pigments in algae belong
    to THREE major categories based on their physical and chemical properties.
    (1). Chlorophylls
    (2). Carotenoids
    (3). Phycobilins

    CHLOROPHYLLS
    - Chlorophylls are fat soluble green pigments. They are chlorins which absorb blue region and reflect
    green light. They are also responsible for the green color of algae and other higher plants.

    Seven different types of chlorophylls are reported in algae. They are:


     Chlorophyll-a:  Present in all groups of algae
     Chlorophyll-b:  Present in Chlorophyta (green algae)
     Chlorophyll-c:  Present in Bacillariophyceae (diatoms)
     Chlorophyll-d:  Present in the members of Rhodophyceae (red algae)
     Chlorophyll-e:  Present in Xanthophyceae.
     Chlorophyll-f:  Recently discovered chlorophyll from stromatolites, possibly produced by
    Cyanobacteria
    CAROTENOIDS
    - Algae contain yellow, fat-soluble pigments called carotenoids. Carotenoids and chlorophylls are
    frequently found together in nature. They guard chlorophylls from being damaged by sunlight
    (solarization). They are also tetraterpenoids in terms of chemistry. Carotenoids are found in practically
    every type of algal group. Moreover, carotenoids having a beta-ionone ring have action like that of
    vitamin A. All carotenoids function as potent antioxidants.

    Two types of carotenoids are found in algae.


    (1). Carotenes - are yellow-colored pigments. They are unsaturated fat-soluble hydrocarbons. They do not
    contain oxygen. They absorb blue and green light and transmit yellow and red light.
    Examples: α-carotene, β-carotene, and lycopene

    (2). Xanthophylls - Xanthophylls are also called as carotenols. They are oxygen derivatives of carotenes.
    Examples: lutein and zeaxanthin (both are responsible for the yellow color of egg yolk)

    OTHER EXAMPLES OF CAROTENOIDS FROM ALGAE

    PHYCOBILINS
    - Phycobilins are pigments that dissolve in water. They are always linked to phycobiliproteins, which are
    water-soluble proteins. They are colored blue and crimson. Red algae and Cyanophyceae contain them.
    To efficiently absorb light, organisms that live in deep water typically contain phytobilins. All
    phycobilin is brightly fluorescent. They glow and then emit orange or red light.

    Two most common classes of phycobilins are present in algae.


    (1). Phycocyanin - are blue colored pigments. They are blue green algae pigments. They are also present in red
    algae. They absorb green, yellow, and red light and transmit blue color. Phycocyanins are the principal pigment
    of Cyanophyceae.

    (2). Phycoerythrin - Phycoerythrin are red colored


    pigments. Phycoerythrin are red algae pigments. They
    absorb blue green, green and yellow light and transmit red
    light. They are present
    abundantly in members
    of Rhodophy ceae (red
    algae).
    Red colour of Red Algae due to Phycoerythrin (source wikipedia)

    References:

    E., & E. (2023, March 11). Pigments in Algae | EasyBiologyClass. EasyBiologyClass | Biology Notes, PDFs,
    PPTs, MCQs and Old Question Papers. https://www.easybiologyclass.com/pigments-in-algae-key-
    points-with-ppt/#:~:text=Pigmentation%20in%20algae%3A&text=Pigments%20are%20usually
    %20found%20in,Cyanophyceae%20(blue%20green%20algae).

    Learn Carotenoids and Phycobilins in 3 minutes. (n.d.). Toppr Ask.


    https://www.toppr.com/ask/content/story/amp/carotenoids-and-phycobilins-61041/

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