General Biology 1 12

General Biology 1 – Grade 12

Quarter 1 – Module 10 Passive Transport: Osmosis
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

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Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
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General Biology 1 12
Quarter 1
Self-Learning Module 10
Passive Transport: Osmosis

Introductory Message
 For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the General Biology 1 Grade 12 Self-Learning Module on Passive

Transport: Osmosis!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-in-Charge
Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin, in partnership with the
City Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The
writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential
Learning Competencies (MELC) in developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners acquire
the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication, Collaboration,
Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into consideration their needs and
circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will
help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do
the tasks included in the module.

For the Learner:

Welcome to the General Biology 1 Grade 12 Self-Learning Module on Passive

Transport: Osmosis!
 This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process
the contents of the learning material while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills that you
will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson at

hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts and

skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and application of

the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the entire
module.

EXPECTATIONS

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define osmosis;
2. distinguish isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic solutions; and
 3. appreciate the importance of osmosis for both plants and animals.

PRETEST

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer.

_________1. Which of the following is TRUE of osmosis?

A. Osmosis moves against the water concentration gradient.
B. Osmosis is the movement of oxygen across a membrane.
C. Osmosis requires the use of the energy molecule ATP.
D. Osmosis is a type of passive transport.
_________2. What happens during osmosis?
A. Water molecules move from an equal concentration to a low concentration.
B. Water molecules move from a low concentration to a high concentration.
C. Water molecules move from a high concentration to a low concentration
D. Water molecules move from an equal concentration to a high concentration.
_________3. A scientist places human blood cells into an unknown solution. After some
time, the blood cells shrink and shrivel up. What type of solution were the
blood cells likely placed in?
A. hypertonic solution C. isotonic solution
B. hypotonic solution D. water

_________4. A cell has a 1% salt concentration. It is placed into a solution containing

a 10% salt concentration. What will happen to the cell?
A. Water will move into the cell, causing it to swell.
B. Water will move out to the cell, causing it to shrink
C. Water will move out to the cell, causing it to swell.
D. Water will move into the cell, causing it to shrink.

_________5. What would you expect to happen to a piece of celery you put into a
hypertonic solution?
A. It would swell C. It would shrivel up
B. It would stay the same D. It would crack in half

RECAP
 In the previous module, we studied two types of passive transport: simple and
facilitated diffusion, and the factors that affect the rate of diffusion. Let us recall the past
lesson by answering the activity below.

Activity 10.1. Match the cell membrane components to its functions.

Have you ever wonder why flowers at home or shops are always submerged in the
water? Why grocery stores spray their vegetables with water? In this module, we will
answer those questions by studying another type of passive transport, osmosis.

LESSON

OSMOSIS
 Osmosis is a special type of
diffusion, wherein water molecules pass
in a selectively permeable membrane.
Two solutions of different concentrations
may be separated by selectively
permeable membrane through which
water, but not solute can pass. The more
particles there are dissolved in a solution,
the less water there is in it. In that case,
Figure 10.1. Osmosis. The selective permeable membrane dividing this U-shaped tube
water will move down its own gradient permits water but not solutes to pass through. Water diffuses from the left side (low
solute concentration) toward the right side (high solute concentration). At
toward the side with the high solute equilibrium, water flow is equal in both directions, and the solute concentrations will
be equal in both directions, and the solute concentrations will be equal to both sides
concentration (Fig.10.1). The pressure of the membrane. Source:commons.wikipedia.org

that causes the water to diffused through selectively permeable membranes is called
osmotic pressure. As the solute concentration increases in the solution, osmotic pressure
increases.

A human red blood cell demonstrates the effects of osmosis (Fig. 10.2) Our cell’s
cytoplasm is made up of 80% of water, with 20% (solute) sugars, proteins, and fats.
Supposed we submerged the red blood cell with same concentration as blood plasma with
80% of water and 20% solute. The water still moves between the solution, but the rates are
the same in the directions, thus the water movement is balanced between the inside of the
cell and the outside of the cell. This solution is called isotonic solution, (iso- means equal
and tonicity refers to the relative concentration of solutes in the water inside and outside the
cell) the solute concentration is the same as the inside of the cell (Fig.10.2.b).

In a hypertonic, (hyper -above) solution, the solute concentration is higher outside

the red blood cells than inside, Because the concentration of water molecules inside the cell
is higher than outside, water moves out of the cell, causing the cell to shrink and shrivel. This
condition is called crenation in red blood cells (Fig.10.2.a).
 In a hypotonic (hypo -under) solution, the solute concentration is lower outside the
red blood cell than inside. Conversely, the concentration of water molecules is higher outside
the cell than inside. Since animal cells do not have cell walls, they cannot become turgid. As
a result, water moves into the cell, which swells and may burst (Fig.10.2.c).

Figure 10.2. Effect if Salt Concentration on Cell (Red Blood Cell) volumes. (a) In hypertonic (high-salt) solution causes water to leave the red blood
cell which shrinks. (b) an isotonic solution with the same salt concentration inside and outside the cell has no effect on the size of the red blood
cell. (c) A hypotonic (low-salt) solution results in an inflow of water, causing the red blood cell to swell. Arrows indicate direction of water
movement. Source:commons.wikipedia.org

In case of the plant, hypotonic solution is ideal. Plant cells are enclosed by a rigid cell
wall. When it is placed in a hypotonic solution, it takes up water by osmosis and starts to
swell, but the cell wall prevents it from bursting. The plant cell is said to have become
‘turgid’, that is swollen and hard. The pressure inside the cell rises until this internal
pressure is equal to the pressure outside. Turgor pressure or hydrostatic pressure is the
resulting force of water against the cell wall. This prevents the further net intake of water.

When a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the water from inside the cell‘s
cytoplasm diffuses out and the plant cell is said to have become ‘flaccid’. If the plant cell is
then observed under a microscope, it will be noticed that the cytoplasm has shrunk and
pulled away from the cell wall. This phenomenon is called plasmolysis. This can be
reversed as soon as the cells are transferred into a hypotonic solution in the process called
deplasmolysis.

When a plant cell is placed in an isotonic solution, a phenomenon called ‘incipient

plasmolysis’ is said to occur. ‘Incipient’ means ‘about to be’. Although the cell is not
plasmolysed, it is not turgid either. When this happens, the green parts of the plant droop
and are unable to hold the leaves up in the sunlight.
 Figure 10.3. Effect if Salt Concentration on Plant Cells. (a) In hypertonic environment, turgor pressure is low. Plant wilts (b) an isotonic solution
with the same salt concentration inside and outside the cell has no effect on the size of the cell. (c)The interior of a plant cell usually contains
more concentrated solutes than its surroundings. Water enters the cell by osmosis, generating turgor pressure. Source:commons.wikipedia.org

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 10.2.
1. Use arrows to show the direction of water movement into or out of each cell. Color and
label the cell in an isotonic environment light blue, the hypotonic environment yellow, and the
hypertonic environment light green.
2.

Label the tonicity for each solution (isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic):

ACTIVITY 10.3. The Case of the Shipwrecked Sailor

The story…
A shipwrecked sailor is stranded on a small desert island with no fresh water to drink. He
knows he could last without food for up to a month, but if he didn't have water to drink he
would be dead within a week. Hoping to postpone the inevitable, his thirst drove him to drink
the salty seawater. He was dead in two days

Objective: To determine the cause of the sailor's death, we will determine the effects of salt
water on slices of potato.

Materials
A potato French fry-like cut, salt, water (if you have distilled water, that kind is best),
3 clear glasses of equal size and shape.
Procedure:
Fill three glasses with water. In one glass, add 3 tablespoons of salt while add a
pinch of salt on the other. Label the glasses and stir. Place 3 pcs of sliced potatoes in each
glass and let them sit overnight in it. Make hypotheses on how you think these slices might
change by putting them into the different types of water. Remove the pieces onto a plate and
make your final observations.

Initial length Final length Color Turgidity

(cm) (cm) (crisp/flaccid)
Water only
3 tbsp of salt
Pinch of salt

Conclusion: Address the following in your conclusion

What happened to the potato slices overnight? Is diffusion or osmosis responsible for
the changes? Which of the solutions is isotonic to potato cells? Which solution is hypertonic?
Which solution is hypotonic? Why did the sailor die more quickly drinking sea water than
fresh water? What do you think killed him?

ACTIVITY 10.4. Complete the table below by placing a in the correct

column(s) next to the description.

Hypertonic Hypotonic Isotonic

1. Causes an animal cell to burst/lyse.

2. Causes a plant cell to become wilted.

3. When the solute concentration is lower outside

the cell than inside the cell.
4. Does not change the shape of volume of a
cell.
5. When the solute concentration is higher
outside the cell than inside the cell.
6.Causes the movement of water molecules

7. Plant cell with good turgor pressure

 8. When the solute concentration outside the cell
matches the solute concentration inside the cell.
9. Condition that animal cells require.

10. Plant cell loses turgor pressure (Plasmolysis)

ACTIVITY 10.5. Define the following terms.

1. Osmosis-

WRAP-UP
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__
In which direction does water move across membranes, up or down the
concentration gradient? ________________
2. Isotonic solution -
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__
3. Hypertonic solution -
________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__
4. Hypotonic solution -
________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__
 VALUING

Osmosis plays a vital role in both animal and plant cells. Turgidity is very important to
plants as it helps with the maintenance of rigidity and stability of plant tissue and, as each
cell exerts a turgor pressure on its neighbor, it creates plant tissue tension which allows the
green parts of the plant to erect into the sunlight. Can you give simple activities you do or
observe every day that explains principles of osmosis?

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
__________________

POSTTEST

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer.

_________1. Which of the following best describes the way the water will flow through the
semipermeable membrane?
A. Water will flow into side A
B. Water will flow into side B.
C.Water will flow at the same time.
D. Nothing, water is already equal.
.
_________2. Which of the following molecules crosses through a semipermeable membrane
during the process of osmosis?
A. glucose C. water
B. sugar D. oxygen
_________3. A cell has a 2% salt concentration. It is placed into a solution containing
a 2% salt concentration. What will happen to the cell?
A. Water will move into the cell, causing it to swell.
B. Water will move out to the cell, causing it to shrink
C. Water will move out to the cell, causing it to swell.
D. Water will move into and out of the cell at the same rate, causing it to remain
the same size.
RECAP ACTIVITY 10.4 PRETEST
1. PASSIVE TRANSPORT 1. D
2. GRADIENT 2. D
3. FACILITATED 3. A
4. SIMPLE DIFFUSION 4. B
5. TEMPERATURE 5. C
ACTIVITY 10.2
POSTEST
1. A
2. C
ACTIVITY 10.3. The Case of the Shipwrecked Sailor 3. D
4. B
You will notice some immediate differences in the 5.C
potato slices. The color of the salted water one is dark
WRAP- UP
. Osmosis – diffusion of water across a selectively
brown; not a nice image of how you would like your permeable membrane. Down
potatoes preserved! The one in the regular water . Isotonic solution -There is the same
looks like a nice white freshly cut piece of potato. concentration of solute molecules outside the cell
Moving on to the flexible test, the regular water one as inside the cell.
again feels firm and crisp (try to break the piece, it . Hypertonic solution - There is a greater
concentration of solute molecules outside the cell
snaps!). The salt water potato is bendy and doesn’t than inside the cell
snap at all. The water with pinch of salt is the isotonic, . Hypotonic solution - There is a lower
the one with 3 tbsp is the hypertonic, the one with concentration of solute molecules outside the cell
water alone is hypotonic. The sailor drank a than inside the cell
hypertonic seawater which made the cell shrink. 1.
Osmosis is the key to understanding this issue.
Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semi-
permeable membrane (yikes!) from an area of high
concentration of water, to an area of low
KEY TO CORRECTION
D. 100% distilled water B. less than 0.9% concentration
C. 0.9% concentration A. greater than 0.9% concentration
administered to a patient?
body's fluids is 0.9%, what should be the concentration of IV saline solution
concentration to their own body's fluids. If the saline (salt) concentration of the
intravenous (IV) fluids, it’s important that these fluids are at an isotonic
_________5. When a patient is admitted to the hospital and needs to be placed on
D. saline solution B. hypotonic solution
C. isotonic solution A. hypertonic solution
some of them burst. What type of solution were the red blood cells placed in??
solution. Once in the container, Kevin noticed that the red blood cells swelled and
_________4. Kevin placed a collection of red blood cells into a container filled with an unknown
REFERENCES
Davala, Steve. “Simple Science Experiment: Osmosis with Potato Slices.” MetroFamily Magazine,
May 29, 2019. https://www.metrofamilymagazine.com/simple-science-experiment-osmosis-with-
potato-slices/.

Diffusion and Osmosis Lesson. Accessed July 14, 2020.

https://www.bu.edu/gk12/xiaojuan/Lessons/diffusion.html.

Hoefnagels, Marielle. General Biology. McGraw-Hill Education. Abiva Publishing House,Inc. 2016.

Learning, Lumen. “Anatomy and Physiology I.” Lumen. Accessed July 7, 2020.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/austincc-ap1/chapter/passive-transport/

Miller, Stephen A. Zoology. McGraw-Hill. New York. 2010.

Starr, Cecie. Evers, Christine. and Lisa. Starr. Biology: Today and Tomorrow Biology for Non Science
Majors. Cengage Learning. 2010

Study.com. Accessed July 14, 2020. https://study.com/academy/practice/quiz-worksheet-

characteristics-of-osmosis.html.

Posts, Related, and About The Author sana. “OBJECTIVE FOR Diffusion. Osmosis
Absorption. Translocation & Transpiration.” Its all about Zoology , Botany and
Biology. Accessed July 14, 2020. https://biologyboom.com/objective-for-diffusion-
osmosis-absorption-translocation-transpiration/.