Science 8

Science – Grade 8
Quarter 3 – Module 10: How Water Behaves in Different States
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Camille Chik S. De Guzman, Ed.D
Editors: Jeric N. Estaco
Reviewers: Jeric N. Estaco
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Jean Rean M. Laurente
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Rivera, EdD
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel A. Laguerta, EdD
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
 Science 8
Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 10
How Water Behaves in
Different States
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Science 8 Self-Learning Module 10 on How Water Behaves in

Different States!
This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and
reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Science 8 Self-Learning Module on How Water Behaves in

Different States!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest – This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATION

At the end of this module, the learners are expected to:

1. Explain the physical changes in terms of the arrangement and motion of
atoms and molecules in water;
2. Present how water behaves in different states through illustration; and
3. Cite the importance of water cycle in the environment.

PRETEST

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following describes the differences between solids and liquids?
a. Both have a definite shape, but only solids have a definite volume.
b. Both have a definite volume, but only liquids have a definite shape.
c. Solids have definite volume and shape, but liquids only have a definite volume.
d. Liquids have a definite volume and shape, but solids only have a definite shape.

2. What do you think is the motion of particles in a solid?

a. Moving fast
b. Not moving at all
c. Moving extremely fast
d. Vibrating

3. What phase change occurs during condensation?

a. Liquid to a gas
b. Solid to a liquid
c. Liquid to a solid
d. Gas to a liquid

4. Which of the following correctly describes the motion of particles in a gas?

a. They do not move at all.
b. They move rapidly around in random patterns.
c. They vibrate in a set pattern.
d. They flow easily, but slowly around each other.

5. Why does liquid candle wax flow but solid candle wax does not?
a. Because the molecules of liquid candle wax are softer than the molecules of solid
candle wax
b. Because the molecules of liquid candle wax weigh less than the molecules of solid
candle wax
c. Because the molecules of liquid candle wax are moving but the molecules of solid
candle wax are not
d. Because the molecules of liquid candle wax can easily move past one another but
the molecules of solid candle wax cannot.
 RECAP
Direction: Identify the change/changes that you can see in the picture.

1. _____________ 2. _______________ 3. _______________

4. ________________ 5. _________________

LESSON
Physical change is a change in one or more
physical properties of a matter without changing
its chemical properties. Examples of physical
change include changes in the size or shape of a
matter. Changes of state—from solid to liquid or
from liquid to gas—are also examples of a
physical change. Like most substances, water
can exist in three distinct states namely; solid,
liquid, or gas. At certain temperatures, water
changes from one state to another at certain temperatures. Water molecule contains
two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom covalently bonded; it looks just the way
how we draw it, sometimes the looks of it can be compared to “mickey mouse”.
Molecular motion determines which phase of matter is observed. Slow moving
molecules may be found in solids while rapid moving molecules are present in gases.
Liquids have molecules in motion that are
slower than gases, but much more rapid
than a solid. Changing of phase occurs
when there is increase motion of
molecules.

When an ice cube melts, the shape

changes acquires the ability to flow but
composition does not change. Melting is
an example of a physical change. When
we heat the solid water, it changes to
liquid water. But though the physical
properties changed, molecules stay the same. Freezing / Solidification occurs
when liquid water (H2O) freezes into a solid state (ice), it appears changed; Water
start to freeze at 0oC. At this temperature the water molecules are moving slightly
slower, the particles are practically put together causing the particles to stop moving
entirely. Condensation is the process by which water vapor (gas) is changed back
into liquid water. First the particles are wide and freely moving around, then the
particles (when becoming a liquid) become slightly closer together but still moving.
Condensation is very important to our weather and climate because it is responsible
for cloud formation. Evaporation is the process by which water is converted from
its liquid state to the gaseous state, also known as water vapor. This figure shows
the transformation of one state of water to another state. Letter A shows the melting
and freezing of water. In this
figure, the water is still in solid
state where the water molecules
are close to each other. The
water molecules move very slow,
as it absorb latent heat, the
water molecule start to move
faster, resulting to overcome the
bond between molecules and it
turns to change its phase into
liquid water. In this
phenomenon, as it absorbs heat
from the surrounding, the
surrounding becomes cooler. On the other hand, when the liquid water, releases its
latent heat to the surroundings, the water molecules start to slow down, and they
become closer to each other. As they become closer to each other, the attraction
between molecule become stronger, starting to become a solid water, or also known
as ice. Figure B shows the change of liquid water to water vapor and vice versa. In
the same way, when the liquid water absorbs latent heat from the surroundings, the
water molecules starts to move faster that causing to overcome the attraction
between them. As they overcome the bond between water molecules, the molecules
move faster and turn in to gas (water vapor). In contrary, when the water releases
the latent heat to the surroundings, the gas molecules moves slower causing them
to become closer to each other creating more attraction between molecules turning
the gas into liquid water.

In each change happens in water, there is absorbing or releasing of latent heat. Table
below shows the amount of latent heat being releases or absorbs in different changes
occurs in water. Negative latent heat denotes that there is absorption while positive
latent heat denotes the releasing of latent heat.

Changes Absorb/Release Amount of heat

-597.3cal/g or
Evaporation Absorbs latent heat
-2,500,000j/kg
+597.3cal/g or
Condensation Releases of latent heat
+2,500,000 j/kg
-79.7cal/g or
Melting Absorbs of latent heat
-330,000 J/kg
+79.7 cal/g or
Freezing Releases of latent heat
+330,000 J/kg

Latent heat is the energy required to change the phase of 1kg of water at a constant
temperature. Constant temperature is 273K.
 ACTIVITIES
Activity 1.
Instruction: Make a graph using the data on the table below. This table shows the
physical change happen to solid water (ice) to liquid water to gas (water vapor). Then
answer the guide questions that follows.

Time Temperature Time Temperature Time Temperature

1 -9 11 45 21 100
2 -3 12 60 22 100
3 0 13 75 23 100
4 0 14 90 24 100
5 0 15 100 25 100
6 0 16 100 26 105
7 0 17 100 27 118
8 0 18 100 28 123
9 15 19 100 29 129
10 30 20 100 30 135
Guide Question:
1. Based on the table, in what period is the water in solid phase?

2. Based on the table, what happen to the temperature as the ice is melting and
the water is evaporating?

3. How long it takes to completely change the solid water to liquid water?

4. How long it takes to completely change the liquid water to gas (water vapor)?

5. Identify in the graph the melting phase and evaporating phase.

Activity 2.
Instruction: Complete the concept map below. Supply the correct answer by
providing the word from the word bank. Draw the molecular arrangement of the solid,
liquid and gas in the box.

Melting ___________
___________ _
Absorbs heat
__

Releases heat ___________

Solid _______________ Liquid _ Gas
Condensation

Releases heat Absorbs Heat

Freezing Evaporation

Activity 3. Importance of Water Cycle

Instruction: Now that you know about how water cycle functions and how it will
affect the Earth. Cite five (5) importance of the Water Cycle, explain it briefly.
1. ____________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________________________
 WRAP–UP
Instructions: Complete the diagram below, write your answers on the box provided,
give 1 example each.

Particle diagram: Particle diagram: Particle diagram:

Particle behavior: Particle behavior: Particle behavior:

VALUING
Self- Reflection

Instructions: To sum up this Module, on How Water Behaves in Different States. In

a one whole sheet of paper, I would like to know your thoughts after learning the
lesson. Relate it to the recent typhoon Ulysses. I would like you to draw and explain
the possible importance of knowing this lesson in your life as humans and as young
students.
 POSTTEST

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. The average distance between molecules always increases during which of the
following phase changes?
a. gas to solid
b. liquid to gas
c. gas to liquid
d. liquid to solid

2. Which of the following correctly describes the motion of particles in a gas?

a. They do not move at all.
b. They move rapidly around in random patterns.
c. They vibrate in a set pattern.
d. They flow easily, but slowly around each other.

3. The picture shows a pot of boiling water. What process will take place when the
temperature of the water rises?
a. condensation
b. evaporation
c. absorption
d. precipitation

4. Why is ice harder than liquid water?

a. The molecules of ice are not moving.
b. The molecules of ice are linked more tightly together.
c. The molecules of ice are harder than the molecules of liquid water.
d. The molecules of ice are made of solid atoms, and the molecules of liquid water
are made of liquid atoms.

5. Why do you think hydrological cycle (water cycle) important in maintaining a

supply of fresh water?
a. Evaporation and precipitation are not always in balance
b. Precipitation occurs over the ocean as well as over land
c. Evaporation from the ocean leaves dissolved salt behind
d. Evaporation takes place over land as well as the oceans
 Activity 1
1. During the first eight (8) minutes, the ice is still solid.
2. The temperature remains the same as the water is melting and
evaporating which is 0oC and 100oC respectively.
3. It takes six (6) minutes to melt the solid water.
4. It takes eleven (11) minutes the liquid water become gas (water
vapor).
Pretest
1. C
Recap
1. Chemical change 2. D
2. Physical change 3. D
3. Chemical change 4. B
4. Physical change
5. D
5. Physical change
KEY TO CORRECTION
 Posttest
1. B
2. B
3. B
4. B
Activity 3
5. B
Answers may vary.
Wrap up
Activity 2
 References

“Stages and Importance of Water Cycle”. Accessed January 6, 2021

https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/water-cycle.php

“Water Cycle through Ecosystems” Accessed January 6, 2021

http://acamrmicheal.weebly.com/water-cycle.html

“The Water Cycle: Precipitation, Condensation, and Evaporation”. Accessed January

6, 2021 https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-water-cycle-precipitation-
condensation-and-evaporation.html

Starr, Michelle. “Water Behaves Differently From All Other Liquids, And We Finally
Know Why” Accessed January 6, 2021. https://www.sciencealert.com/water-
unique-properties-tetrahedral-molecule-arrangement

“Physical Change”. Accessed January 6, 2021

https://www.saddlespace.org/whittakerm/science/cms_page/view/7795109
“Changing Matter - Moving Molecules”. Accessed January 6, 2021.
https://www.uen.org/core/science/sciber/sciber8/stand-1/movemols.shtml

“Physical Changes” Accessed January 6, 2021.

http://taliaqureshiscience7.weebly.com/physical--chemical-changes.html

“Sublimation and Water Cycle” Accessed January 6, 2021.

https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/sublimation-
and-water-cycle?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects

Photo of boiling water. Accessed January 7, 2021.

https://thewestendnews.com/the-watched-pot/

“Photo of Activity in States of Water”. Accessed January 7, 2021.

https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/AQq1Sh3L24lf7EXt2mFraxPTMurCCoB6iJFzHD
PZqbdLscEIouMw7Y/

“Photo of States of Matter” Accessed January 7, 2021.

https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Kentucky/UK%3A_CHE_103_-
_Chemistry_for_Allied_Health_(Soult)/Chapters/Chapter_7%3A_Solids%2C_Liquids
%2C_and_Gases/7.1%3A_States_of_Matter

“Photo of Illustration of States of Matter”. Accessed January 7, 2021,

https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-illustration-illustration-changes-state-solid-
liquid-gas-diagram-illustrating-physical-to-to-showing-particle-image95193346