Ba`zi bir aniq integralarni hisoblash

2π

1. I=∫ f ( x ) cosxdx integralda o`zgaruvchini sinx ¿ t formulasini bilan o`zgartirib

0

hisoblaymiz.

I integral [ k
π
2
,(k +1)
π
2 ], k= 0,3 , ….x→sinx, 0≤x≤2π. Unda holda segmentlar [-
1,0] va [0,1] funksitaning aniqlanish sohasi

Agar xϵ [ ], unda
0,
π
2 ,….. x=arcsint , 0 ≤ t ≤1

Agar xϵ [ ], u holda x=π – arcsint va t 1dan 0 gacha kamayadi

π
2
,π

Agar xϵ [ π,
3π
2 ], u holda x=π – arcsint va t 0 dan -1 gacha kamayadi.
Agar xϵ [ 3π
2
,2π
] u holda x=2π+arcsint, -1≤ t ≤ 0.
………….
1 0 −1

I=∫ f ( arcsint ) dt +∫ f ( π −arcsint ) dt ∫ (π −arcsint )dt +

0 1 0

0 0 1

∫ f (2 π + arcsint)dt = ∫ (f ( 2 π + arcsint )−f (¿ π −arcsint )) dt + ¿ ¿ +∫ ¿ ¿ )dt.

−1 −1 0

π
2
2. I n=∫ sinn xdx .
0

Bo`laklab integrallaymiz, sinxdx=dv (x), sinn −1 x=u(x ). Bundan shunga ega

bo`lamiz
π
2

I n=cosx sin
n−1
x ǀ π +( n−1)∫ sin
0 n−2 2
x cos xdx =
2 0

( )
π π
2 2
=n−1 ∫ sinn−2 xdx−∫ sinn xdx =(n−1)( I n−2−I n ) .
0 0
 n−1
O`zaro rekurrent bog`lanishga ega bo`ldik I n= I
n n−2

Yordamida qaysiki topamiz

{
( 2 k −1 ) ‼ π
∙ , agar n=2 k
I n= 2 k ‼ 2
2k‼
, agar n=2 k +1.
( 2 k +1 ) ‼

π
2
3. I n=∫ cos n xdx .
0

π
2
−x =t almashtirsh orqali
π π
2 2

∫ cos n xdx=∫ sinn xdx ekanligiga ishonch hosil qilish mumkin.

0 0

π
4
4. ∫ tg2 n xdx .
0

π
0 dan 4 gacha oraliqda integrallaymiz…

tg 2 n xdx=tg2 n−2 xd ( tgx ) −tg 2n−2 xdx , va recurrent formulaga ega bo`lamiz.
π
tg
2 n−1
x 1
I n=
2 n−1 0
│ 4 −I n−1= −I ,
2 n−1 n−1 c pomosh…

n
I n=∑ ¿ ¿ ¿ ,…
k=1

= π4 .
4

I 0=∫ dx
0

I n=¿

π
4
5. I n=∫ ¿ ¿
0
 π
Integralga 4
−x =t almashtirish kiritib, quyidagiga ega bo`lamiz
π
4 π
+ I n−1=−1
2n
tg t
I n=−∫ tg 2 n+1 tdt= │4 +I
2 n n−1
0 2n
0

Posledav……n-1
π
4 0 0
d (cost)
I n=∫ tgtdt =∫ =lncost │ π =ln √ 2.
cost
0 π
4
4

π
2
6. I (2m,2n) = ∫ sin 2 m x cos2 n xdx .
0

cosxdx =dv ( x ) , sin

2m
x cos
2n −1
x=u(x ) ……
2 n−1
I ( 2 m ,2 n ) =
2 m+ 1
I ( 2 m+ 2,2n−2 ) , ……….

( 2 n−1 )( 2 n−3 ) ⋯ 3∙ 1
I ( 2 m ,2 n ) = I (2 m+2 n , 0 )=¿
(2 m+1)(2 m+3) ⋯( 2m+2 n−1)

( 2 n−1 ) ‼ ( 2 m+2 n−1 ) ‼ π ( 2 n−1 ) ! ( 2 m−1 ) ‼

= ( ( 2 m+1 ) ( 2 m+3 ) ⋯ ( 2 m +2 n−1 ) ) ( 2 m+2 n ) ‼ ∙ 2 = 2¿
2 m+2 n ¿ ‼ ¿ π =¿

π ( 2n ) ! ( 2 m ) ! π ( 2 n ) ! ( 2 m) !
= 2m+n +1 ( m+n ) !2m +n m ! n ! = 22 m+2 n+1 ( m+ n ) ! m!n ! .
❑

7. I n∫ x ¿ ¿
m

………..
1
I n=∫ F ( x ) dx , F ( x )=¿ Funksiya F ……… x=0 ….
0

lim F (x )=0, FϵR [ 0,1 ] . Bo`laklab integrallasak, …

x→+0

|
❑
x 1 n
I n=
m+1
F (x) −
0 m+ 1
∫ xm ¿ ¿
E

……………………………… I n−1 , I n−2 , … I 1 , I n =¿

 1
1
.. I 0=∫ x m dx= m+1 so`ngida I n=¿
0

…………………………………………………………………
……………………………………..
8. f : [−l , l ] → R uzluksiz funksiya uchun quyidagilarni isbotlang.
l l

1)∫ f ( x ) dx=2 ∫ f ( x ) dx , agar f funksiya juft bo`lsa

−l 0

2)∫ f ( x ) dx=0 , agar f funksiya toq bo`lsa

−l

………………………………………………………………………………….
l 0 1

∫ f ( x ) dx=∫ f ( x ) +∫ f ( x ) dx . Birinchi integralda …… x=−t ,

−l −l 0

l 1

∫ f ( x ) dx=∫ ( f ( x )+ f (−x ) ) dx . Agar f juft funksiya,

−l 0

f ( x ) + f (−x )=2 f ( x), 0≤x≤ , .. agar f toq funksiya bo`lsa unda

f ( x ) + f (−x ) ≡0 , 0 ≤ x ≤ l, … …