Experiment No. 2 Brinell Hardness

TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF
THE PHILIPPINES
Ayala Blvd., Ermita, Manila, 1000, Philippines
Tel No. +632-301-3001 local 102 | Fax No. +632-521-4063
Email: vpaa@tup.edu.ph | Website: www.tup.edu.ph
Experiment No. 2
EXPERIMENT WITH BRINELL HARDNESS TESTER
Agtarap, Ralfh Vincent

Antonio, Thomas Jefferson E.
Arellano, Jeah Magna
Ariola, Jose Luiz Cruzat
Ayala, John Felix Espinosa
Date performed
April 27, 2022
Date Submitted
April 28, 2022
Engr. Gonzalo Salvador Jr

Professor
I. OBJECTIVES:
1. To understand the principle and method of the experiment of Brinell Hardness
Tester.
2. To determine the effect of the different cooling mediums namely: air, oil, and water
to the Brinell hardness number (HB) of selected heat-treated carbon steel.
II. MATERIAL:
3 pcs Heat-treated medium carbon steel (AISI 1045) 19 mm Ø X 20 mm
(air-cooled, oil-cooled, and water-cooled)
III. PROCEDURE:
1. Put the required weight in the weight beam.
2. Put the specimen on the anvil.
3. Lift the specimen as it touches the steel ball.
4. Be sure that the exhaust valve of the hydraulic actuating unit is closed.
5. Watching the pressure gauge, move the lever of the hydraulic pump gently up and
down. (In this case, the steel ball moves down and gives pressure to the testing
surface.)
6. When the pressure gauge approaches the required load of 2000 kgf, stop the
movement of the lever and leave it for 30 seconds.
7. Rotate the exhaust valve a little counterclockwise until the pressure gauge goes
back to zero.
8. Rotate the capstan counterclockwise to bring down the specimen.
9. Remove the specimen at the anvil.
10. Measure the diameter of impression using the profile projector and compute for the
hardness number using the formula:
Where:
P – Applied Load
D – Diameter of steel ball (8.0 mm)
d – Ave. diameter of indentation
Raw data: Diameter

Specimen (carbon steel) d1 d2
Air cooled 5.13 5.22
Oil quenched 4.12 4.36
Water quenched 3.74 3.81
Note: All dimensions are in mm.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS:
The table 1 shows the computed Average diameter of indentation, and it’s computed
BHN Values.
Table 1
Specimen d1 d2 dave. BHN

(carbon steel) (d1+d2)/2
Air cooled
5.13 5.22 5.175 83.8
Oil quenched
4.12 4.36 4.24 130.882
Water
quenched 3.74 3.81 3.77 168.12
Heat treatment is a popular way to alter the mechanical properties of certain metals.
Being able to change the hardness, toughness, and strength of a metal while keeping its
chemical composition intact and virtually unaltered is a great way to tailor a metal to the
needs of the environment and the demands of the job in which the metal is being used.
There are many ways to heat treat metal, one of the most popular ways is through a
method known as quenching. Quenching is a type of metal heat treatment process.
Quenching involves the rapid cooling of a metal to adjust the mechanical properties of its
original state. To perform the quenching process, a metal is heated to a temperature
greater than that of normal conditions, typically somewhere above its recrystallization
temperature but below its melting temperature. The metal may be held at this temperature
for a set time in order for the heat to “soak” the material. Once the metal has been held at
the desired temperature, it is quenched in a medium until it returns to room temperature.
It can be Air quenched, Oil quenched or, Water quenched.
Air is a popular quenching media used to cool metals because of its affordability. In fact, any
material that is heated and then allowed to cool to room temperature simply by being left alone is
considered to have been air quenched. Oil is able to quench heated metals much more rapidly
than compressed air. To quench with oil, a heated part is lowered into a tank that is filled with
some type of oil. The oil can also be flushed through the part. Different types of oil are often used
depending on the application because of their varying cooling rates and flash points. Water is able
to quench heated metals rapidly as well. It can cool a metal even faster than oil. In a fashion
similar to oil quenching, a tank is filled with water and the heated metal is submerged in it. It can
also be flushed through a part. One benefit of water is that flammability of the media is not a
concern.
It shows that water-quenched steels are generally harder than oil-quenched steels and air-
cooled steel.
V. COMPUTATIONS:
Ssdsfdfdfg
Air Cooled Oil Quenched
2 (2000 kgf) 2 (2000 kgf)
BHN = π8.0mm(8.0-√8.02-5.1752)mm BHN = π8.0mm(8.0-√8.02-4.2402)mm
BHN = 83.800 kgf/mm2 BHN = 130.882 kgf/mm2
Water Quenched
2 (2000 kgf)
BHN = π8.0mm(8.0-√8.02-3.7752)mm
BHN = 168.120 kgf/mm2
VI. CONCLUSIONS:
In this experiment we are able to understand the principle and method of the
experiment of Brinell Hardness Tester and determine the effect of the different cooling
mediums namely: air, oil, and water to the Brinell hardness number (HB) of selected
heat-treated carbon steel.
Reference:
https://www.metalsupermarkets.com/what-is-quenching/

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TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF

Agtarap, Ralfh Vincent

Engr. Gonzalo Salvador Jr

Raw data: Diameter

Note: All dimensions are in mm.

Specimen d1 d2 dave. BHN

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