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    2.1 Rectilinear Motion

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    Daniel Haiqal
    This chapter discusses kinematics of particles, including: 1. Rectilinear motion along a straight path defined by position, displacement, velocity, and acceleration. 2. Curvilinear motion involving rectangular, cylindrical, normal and tangential coordinate systems. 3. Kinematic equations relating position, velocity, acceleration by taking derivatives and integrals. These equations can be used to analyze one or two particles in either absolute or relative motion frames of reference.

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    2.1 Rectilinear Motion

    Uploaded by

    Daniel Haiqal
    29 views13 pages
    This chapter discusses kinematics of particles, including: 1. Rectilinear motion along a straight path defined by position, displacement, velocity, and acceleration. 2. Curvilinear motion involving rectangular, cylindrical, normal and tangential coordinate systems. 3. Kinematic equations relating position, velocity, acceleration by taking derivatives and integrals. These equations can be used to analyze one or two particles in either absolute or relative motion frames of reference.

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    2.1 Rectilinear Motion (1)

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    This chapter discusses kinematics of particles, including: 1. Rectilinear motion along a straight path defined by position, displacement, velocity, and acceleration. 2. Curvilinear motion involving rectangular, cylindrical, normal and tangential coordinate systems. 3. Kinematic equations relating position, velocity, acceleration by taking derivatives and integrals. These equations can be used to analyze one or two particles in either absolute or relative motion frames of reference.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    29 views13 pages

    2.1 Rectilinear Motion

    Uploaded by

    Daniel Haiqal
    This chapter discusses kinematics of particles, including: 1. Rectilinear motion along a straight path defined by position, displacement, velocity, and acceleration. 2. Curvilinear motion involving rectangular, cylindrical, normal and tangential coordinate systems. 3. Kinematic equations relating position, velocity, acceleration by taking derivatives and integrals. These equations can be used to analyze one or two particles in either absolute or relative motion frames of reference.

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    You are on page 1of 13

    CHAPTER 

    2
    KINEMATICS OF 
    PARTICLES
    CHAPTER CONTENTS

    2.1 Rectilinear Kinematics : Continuous Motion


    2.2 Curvilinear Motion: General & Rectangular Components
    2.3 Curvilinear Motion: Motion of a Projectile
    2.4 Curvilinear Motion: Normal and Tangential Components
    2.5 Curvilinear Motion: Cylindrical Components
    2.6 Absolute Dependent Motion Analysis of Two Particles
    2.7 Relative- Motion Analysis of Two Particles Using Translating Axes
    An Overview of Kinematics of
    Particles
    Kinematics of Particles

    Rectilinear Motion Curvilinear Motion

    Rectangular  Cylindrical Coordinates  Normal & Tangential 


    Dependent motion Coordinates (r‐Ө) Coordinates
    (X‐Y) (n‐t)

    Projectile Motion
    Relative motion
    2.1 INTRODUCTION &
    RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS: CONTINUOUS MOTION

    Learning Outcome:
    Upon completion of this sub-chapter, students will be able to:
    1. Find the kinematic quantities (position, displacement, velocity, and
    acceleration) of a particle traveling along a straight path.
    RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS: CONTINUOUS MOTION

    A particle travels along a straight-line path


    defined by the coordinate axis s.

    The position of the particle at any instant,


    relative to the origin, O, is defined by the
    position vector r, or the scalar s. Scalar s
    can be positive or negative. Typical units
    for r and s are meters (m).

    The displacement of the particle is


    defined as its change in position.
    Vector form:  r = r’ - r Scalar form:  s = s’ - s
    The total distance traveled by the particle, sT, is a positive scalar
    that represents the total length of the path over which the particle
    travels.
    VELOCITY
    Velocity is a measure of the rate of change in the position of a particle.
    It is a vector quantity (it has both magnitude and direction). The
    magnitude of the velocity is called speed, with units of m/s.
    ACCELERATION
    Acceleration is the rate of change in the velocity of a particle. It is a
    vector quantity. Typical units are m/s2.

    The instantaneous acceleration is the time


    derivative of velocity.

    Acceleration can be positive (speed


    increasing) or negative (speed decreasing).

    As the book indicates, the derivative equations for velocity and


    acceleration can be manipulated to get a ds = v dv
    SUMMARY OF KINEMATIC RELATIONS:
    RECTILINEAR MOTION

    • Differentiate position to get velocity and acceleration.

    • Integrate acceleration for velocity and position.


    Velocity: Position:
    v t v s s t

     dv   a dt or  v dv   a ds  ds   v dt
    vo o vo so so o

    • Note that so and vo represent the initial position and


    velocity of the particle at t = 0.
    CONSTANT ACCELERATION
    The three kinematic equations can be integrated for the special case
    when acceleration is constant (a = ac) to obtain very useful equations.
    A common example of constant acceleration is gravity; i.e., a body
    freely falling toward earth. In this case, ac = g = 9.81 m/s2 = 32.2 ft/s2
    downward. These equations are:
    v t

     dv   a c dt
    vo o
    yields v  vo  act

    s t

     ds   v dt yields s  s o  v ot  (1/2) a c t 2
    so o
    v s

     v dv   ac ds yields v 2  (vo )2  2ac(s - so)


    vo so
    EXAMPLE

    Given: A particle travels along a straight line to the right


    with a velocity of v = ( 4 t – 3 t2 ) m/s where t is
    in seconds. Also, s = 0 when t = 0.

    Find: The position and acceleration of the particle


    when t = 4 s.

    Plan: Establish the positive coordinate, s, in the direction the


    particle is traveling. Since the velocity is given as a
    function of time, take a derivative of it to calculate the
    acceleration. Conversely, integrate the velocity
    function to calculate the position.
    EXAMPLE
    Solution: (continued)

    2) Calculate the distance traveled in 4s by integrating the


    velocity using so = 0: s t

    v = ds / dt => ds = v dt =>  ds   (4 t – 3 t2) dt


    => s – so = 2 t2 – t3 so o

    => s – 0 = 2(4)2 – (4)3 => s = – 32 m ( or )


    Next sub-chapter:
    Curvilinear Motion
    (Rectangular Component)

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