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    12.1) Introduction & Rectilinear Kinematics: Continuous Motion

    Uploaded by

    Salim Bin Agil
    1) Kinematics deals with the geometric aspects of motion, including position, displacement, velocity, and acceleration of particles. 2) For rectilinear motion along a straight path, the position, velocity, and acceleration can be related through derivatives and integrals. Velocity is the derivative of position, and acceleration is the derivative of velocity. 3) For constant acceleration, the kinematic equations can be solved to relate position, velocity, acceleration, and time. These equations are useful for problems involving constant acceleration such as free fall.

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    12.1) Introduction & Rectilinear Kinematics: Continuous Motion

    Uploaded by

    Salim Bin Agil
    35 views13 pages
    1) Kinematics deals with the geometric aspects of motion, including position, displacement, velocity, and acceleration of particles. 2) For rectilinear motion along a straight path, the position, velocity, and acceleration can be related through derivatives and integrals. Velocity is the derivative of position, and acceleration is the derivative of velocity. 3) For constant acceleration, the kinematic equations can be solved to relate position, velocity, acceleration, and time. These equations are useful for problems involving constant acceleration such as free fall.

    Original Description:

    Dynamics rectilinear kinematic

    Original Title

    Chapt 12 Dynamic

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    1) Kinematics deals with the geometric aspects of motion, including position, displacement, velocity, and acceleration of particles. 2) For rectilinear motion along a straight path, the position, velocity, and acceleration can be related through derivatives and integrals. Velocity is the derivative of position, and acceleration is the derivative of velocity. 3) For constant acceleration, the kinematic equations can be solved to relate position, velocity, acceleration, and time. These equations are useful for problems involving constant acceleration such as free fall.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    35 views13 pages

    12.1) Introduction & Rectilinear Kinematics: Continuous Motion

    Uploaded by

    Salim Bin Agil
    1) Kinematics deals with the geometric aspects of motion, including position, displacement, velocity, and acceleration of particles. 2) For rectilinear motion along a straight path, the position, velocity, and acceleration can be related through derivatives and integrals. Velocity is the derivative of position, and acceleration is the derivative of velocity. 3) For constant acceleration, the kinematic equations can be solved to relate position, velocity, acceleration, and time. These equations are useful for problems involving constant acceleration such as free fall.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 13

    Kinematics of a Particle

    12.1) INTRODUCTION & RECTILINEAR


    KINEMATICS:
    CONTINUOUS MOTION
    Learning Objectives:R206

    Students will be able to:


    Find the kinematic quantities (position, displacement,
    velocity, and acceleration) of a particle traveling along a
    straight path.
    An Overview of Mechanics
    Mechanics: The study of how bodies
    react to forces acting on them.

    Dynamics:
    Statics: The study of
    1. Kinematics concerned
    bodies in equilibrium.
    with the geometric aspects of
    motion
    2. Kinetics concerned with
    the forces causing the motion
    RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS: CONTINUOUS MOTION

    A particle travels along a straight-line


    path defined by the coordinate axis s.
    The position of the particle at any
    instant, relative to the origin, O, is
    defined by the position vector r, or
    the scalar s.
    Scalar s can be positive or negative.
    Typical units for r and s are meters (m) or
    feet (ft).
    The displacement of the particle is
    defined as its change in position.

    Vector form: r = r - r Scalar form: s = s - s

    The total distance traveled by the particle, sT, is a positive


    scalar that represents the total length of the path over which
    the particle travels.
    VELOCITY
    Velocity is a measure of the rate of change in the position of a
    particle.
    It is a vector quantity (it has both magnitude and direction).
    The magnitude of the velocity is called speed, with units of
    m/s or ft/s.
    The average velocity of a particle during
    a time interval t is
    vavg = r / t

    The instantaneous velocity is the time-derivative


    of position. v = dr / dt

    Speed is the magnitude of velocity:


    v = ds / dt

    Average speed is the total distance traveled divided by elapsed


    time: (vsp)avg = sT / t
    ACCELERATION
    Acceleration is the rate of change in the velocity of a particle.
    It is a vector quantity. Typical units are m/s2.

    The instantaneous acceleration is the


    time derivative of velocity.

    Vector form: a = dv / dt

    Scalar form: a = dv / dt = d2s / dt2

    Acceleration can be positive (speed


    increasing) or negative (speed
    decreasing).

    As the text indicates, the derivative equations for velocity


    and acceleration can be manipulated to get a ds = v dv
    SUMMARY OF KINEMATIC RELATIONS:
    RECTILINEAR MOTION
    Differentiate position to get velocity and acceleration.

    v = ds/dt ; a = dv/dt or a = v dv/ds

    Integrate acceleration for velocity and position.

    Velocity: Position:
    v t v s s t

    dv a dt or v dv a ds ds v dt
    vo o vo so so o

    Note that so and vo represent the initial position and


    velocity of the particle at t = 0.
    CONSTANT ACCELERATION
    The three kinematic equations can be integrated for the
    special case when acceleration is constant (a = ac) to obtain
    very useful equations. A common example of constant
    acceleration is gravity; i.e., a body freely falling toward earth.
    In this case, ac = g = 9.81 m/s2 downward. These equations
    v t
    are:

    vo
    dv a
    o
    c
    dt yields vv at
    o c

    s t

    ds v dt yields s s v t (1/2) a t 2
    o o c
    so o
    v s

    v dv a ds c
    yields v 2 (vo )2 2a (s - s )
    c o
    vo so
    EXAMPLE 1

    Given: A particle travels along a straight line to the


    right
    with a velocity of v = ( 4 t 3 t2 ) m/s where t
    is
    in seconds. Also, s = 0 when t = 0.
    Find: The position and acceleration of the particle when t
    = 4 s.
    Solution 1:
    1) Take a derivative of the velocity to determine the
    acceleration.
    a = dv / dt = d(4 t 3 t2) / dt = 4 6 t
    a = 20 m/s2 (or in the direction) when t = 4 s

    2) Calculate the distance traveled in 4s by integrating the


    velocity using so = 0:
    s t
    v = ds / dt ds = v dt
    s so = 2 t2 t3 so
    o

    ds (4 t 3 t2) dt

    s 0 = 2(4)2 (4)3 s = 32 m ( or )
    EXAMPLE 2

    Given: A particle is moving along a straight line such that


    its velocity is defined as v = (-4s2) m/s, where s is
    in meters.

    Find: The velocity and acceleration as functions of time if


    s = 2 m when t = 0.
    Solution 2:
    1) Express the distance in terms of time.
    Since v = ( 4s2)

    Determine the distance by integrating using s0 = 2.

    Notice that s = 2 m when t = 0.


    2) Take a derivative of distance to calculate the velocity and
    acceleration.

    m/s

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