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ICT QUARTER 4 REVIEWER
Hazard vs Risk
Hazard- refers to a potential source of harm or danger, such as chemicals, excessive noise, fumes, and
electricity. Many remain the same even if the risk is minimized.
Risk- refers to the possibility that harm or injury might occur when exposed to hazard. It is important to identify
the hazard and the potential harm it can cause to eliminate the risk.
OHS (Occupational Health and Safety)- a planned system of working to prevent illness and injury when you
work by recognizing and identifying hazards and risks. It includes the laws, standards, and programs that are
aimed at making the workplace better for people.
Types of Hazards: sya emz

1. Biological- can cause adverse health impacts. (viruses, bacteria, insects, animals, plants, microbes,
genetically modified agents)
2. Chemical- hazardous substance. (reactive, flammables, toxins, corrosives)
3. Physical- environmental factors that can harm employees without necessarily touching them. (noise,
projectile, moving machinery accidents, heating devices, slipping)
4. Safety- hazards that create unsafe working conditions.
5. Ergonomic- result of physical factors that can result in musculoskeletal injuries. (eye strain, repetitive
motion injuries, lifting injuries)
6. Psychosocial- adverse effect on someone’s mental health or well-being. (violence, stress, fatigue, verbal
abuse)
12 OHS Procedures for Computer System Servicing
1. Do not work alone so someone can take care of you in case of an emergency.
2. Power off the computer and unplug it before working on it.
3. No liquids near you to avoid getting electrocuted or damaging the computer parts.
4. Be careful with tools that may cause short circuits.
5. Discharge yourself before touching any parts of the computer.
6. Don’t use excessive force if things don’t quite slip into place.
7. Clean the area before and after.
8. Hold the components on the edges, do not touch the IC parts.
9. Wear PPE.
10. Make sure that pins are properly aligned when connecting a cable connector.
11. Contingency measures during workplace accidents.
12. Use brush, compressed air, or blower in cleaning the computer system.
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)- items worn by workers to provide protection from recognized hazards.
Head Protection (Hard Hats)- falling or flying objects, overhead objects.
Hearing Protection (Earplugs/Earmuffs) - loud tools and machinery.
Chaps Pants- chainsaws.
Foot Protection (Safety-toed footwear) - falling, rolling, sharp, and heavy objects, wet, slippery, uneven, and
hot surfaces, and electrical hazards.
Eye Protection (Safety Glasses)- blowing dust or particles, metal shavings, acid or caustic liquids, and welding
light.
High-visibility hat, vest, pants- errant vehicles and distracted drivers.
Hand Protection (Gloves)- sharp or hot objects, chemicals, and biological or electrical hazards.
Harness Lanyard- working more than 6 feet or more above a lower level.
Tools and Equipment Classification:
1. Hand Tools- the most basic category of tools. They are operated manually without any power source.
a. Driving Tools- used in projects while dealing with tightening, loosening, and removing the screws. They
are also used to remove bits, screws, nuts, and bolts from surfaces and require manual force driving
operation.
Screwdrivers:
- Standard/Flat- wedge-shaped driver resembling a negative sign at the tip and is used for driving screws
with a single slot head.
- Philips- has a cross tip resembling a positive sign used to drive screws with cross lot heads.
- Stubby- has a short shank or blade and is used in tight places where a standard screwdriver can’t be
used.
b. Cutting Tools- used for removing certain parts of materials from a workpiece by means of operations
like deforming, turning, or shaping.
Utility Knife- can cut through most materials. It’s portable, practical, and even has a belt clip for convenient
carving.
Hacksaw- a fine toothed-saw made for cutting metals and can cut various materials like plastic and wood.
These can be either manual or powered.
Pliers:
Channel Lock Pliers- used to tighten the Romex connectors in electrical boxes, remove knockouts from the
boxes and adjust expansion-type ceiling fan boxes.
Linesman Pliers- can cut, twist wires together, and grip wires for pulling. They have a squared-off end that is
great for twisting, a center cutting blade, and a grip area to pull wires.
Nose Pliers- can hold components with short leads that need to be soldered onto or disordered from the PCB.
Side Cutting Pliers- used to trim off excess components or to cut wires into shorter lengths.
Wire Stripper- hand-held tool for removing the electrical insulation of the wires without damaging the interior
wire.
c. Surgical Tools- help in dealing with the circuits and breadboard while performing soldering or
desoldering.
d. Boring Tools- making holes with the help of revolving tools. It simply pushes away the material to one
side without removing it while drilling.
Portable Electric Drill- boring holes in plastic or metal chassis with drill bits.
Mini Drill- drilling holes in PCB.
2. Soldering Tools- connect the circuit with wires and components in PCB.
a. Soldering Iron- applying heat to melt solder to form an electrical and physical connection between
two surfaces.
b. Soldering Station- used to keep the soldering iron in a place away from flammable materials. It also
comes with a sponge to clean the tip of the iron.
c. Desoldering Tools- used to remove soldered wires and components on PCB for repair and
troubleshooting usually when there’s a fault in the connections.
3. Measurement Tools- measure certain parameters.
a. Multimeter- measure voltage, resistance, and current.
4. Prototyping Tools- connecting wires.
a. Breadboard- flat plastic base with a matrix of holes in which wires and components are connected.
b. Jumper Wires- used on the breadboard to make connections among all the components.
c. Zero PCB- connects by soldering their legs to the wire.
5. Auxiliary Tools- extra tools like magnifying glass, paintbrush, measuring tape, hammer, and flashlight.
Common Electrical Wire, Spices, and Joints
1. Rat Tail/Pig Tail- commonly used to join two or more conductors inside the junction box. It is suitable
for service where there is no mechanical stress when wires are to be connected in an outlet box, switch,
or conduit fitting.
Junction box- a standard electrical box that is mounted securely and contains the splice- the wiring
connection- of two or more circuit cables or wires.
2. Y-Splice- used on small cables because the strands are flexible and all can be wrapped in one operation.
Stranded wire is usually used in this method of wiring.
3. Knotted Tap- used where the tap wire is under heavy tensile stress.
4. Plain Tap Joint- used where the tap wire is under considerable tensile stress circuit.
5. Aerial Tap- used as a temporary tap usually done in construction sites. The easy twist will facilitate tap-
wire movement.
6. Duplex Cross Joint- a two-tap wire turned simultaneously and is used where the two-tap wire is under
heavy tensile stress.
7. Western Union Short-tie Splice- the most widely used splice or joint in interior wiring installation to
extend the length of wire from one point to another.
8. Western Union Long-tie Splice- used extensively for outside wiring to extend the length of wire from
one end to another.
9. Cross Joint- same application is done as in plain tap and the only difference is that this tap is a
combination of two plain taps placed side by side with each other.
10. Wrapped Tap/Tee Joint- used on large solid conductors where it is difficult to wrap the heavy tap wire
around the main wire.
Extension Cord- a span of flexible electrical power cable with a plug on one end and multiple sockets on the
other end.
THWN- Thermoplastic Heat and Water-resistant Nylon-coated

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ICT QUARTER 4 REVIEWER

Types of Hazards: sya emz

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