@Seismicisolation

@Seismicisolation
 SAP2000
Integrated Software for Structural Analysis & Design
(Integrated Software for Analysis and Design Engineer-Structural.)

This manual SAP 2000; aims to raise awareness of the

importance of the use of this software from elemental analysis to
complex calculations using finite element. The themes are
developed in the manner explained in order for the student to
have a quick view of it. To achieve depth issues continued
practice of various projects is necessary.

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
CONTENTS
(SAP2000) Integrated Software for Structural Analysis & Design .................................. 9
USER MANUAL / USER GUIDE .................................................................................... 11
On Initial Screen. .................................................................................................................11
e. General List of menu screen ..........................................................................................12
1.1. Description of Screen Icons ........................................................................................13
1.2. File Menu: Archives ...................................................................................................... 14
Tw New Model Initialization: Conditions for Starting a New Model ...............................15
o.
2.1.
2.1.1. Select Template: Select Default Models .................................................................16
2.1.2. Blank Option ...........................................................................................................17
2.1.3. Grid Only Option ....................................................................................................18
2.1.4. Beam Option ...........................................................................................................20
2.1.5. Option 2D Trusses ..................................................................................................21
2.1.6. Option 3D Trusses ..................................................................................................25
2.1.7. Option 2D Frames: .................................................................................................34
2.1.8. 3D Frames option: ..................................................................................................37
2.1.9. Option Wall: ...........................................................................................................41
2.1.10. Option Flat Slab .................................................................................................. 42
2.1.11. Option Shells ....................................................................................................... 43
2.1.12. Option Stairs: ...................................................................................................... 56
2.1.13. Option Storage Structures ................................................................................... 62
2.1.14. Option Underground Concrete Structures: ..........................................................68
2.1.15. Option Solids ...................................................................................................... 70
2.1.16. Cable Bridges: ..................................................................................................... 77
2.1.17. Option Pipes ........................................................................................................ 79
2.1.18. Grid lines can be defined. .................................................................................... 80
2.2. Import: Import .............................................................................................................81
2.3. Export: Export ............................................................................................................81
2.4. Batch File Control: Managing Files. Through this option
can generate a list of models to be analyzed is sequence ..................................................... 82
2.5. Print Setup for Graphics: Graphics Settings for Printing ............................................82
2.6. Print Graphics: Graphic Print the active window .......................................................83
2.7. Print Table Print Table ...............................................................................................83
2.8. Report Setup: Setup Reports .......................................................................................83
2.9. Create Report: Generate Reports ................................................................................84
2.10. Advanced Report Writer: Advanced Report Writing ..............................................84
2.11. Enhanced Metafile Capture: Capture File .emf .......................................................85
2.12. Picture Capture: Capture Image. .............................................................................85
2.13. Project Information: Project Information ................................................................86
2.14. Show Imput / Log Files: View Text Files with Data Entry. ....................................86
Thr 3.2.
ee.
3.1.
Edit Menu: Edit ............................................................................................................. 87

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
C nd Paste: Copy and Paste ...........................................................................................88
o Replicate: Replicas .....................................................................................................88
p 3.2.1.
y 3.2.2.
a

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Ty Linear ..................................................................................................................... 88
pe: Type: Radial .......................................................................................................... 90

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
3.2.3. Type: Symmetry .....................................................................................................92
3.2.4. View and / or Edit Options Replica ........................................................................94
3.3. Extrude: Extrude ........................................................................................................95
3.3.1. Extrude Points to Frames / Cables: Extrude points to lines ...................................95
3.3.2. Extrude Lines to Areas: Extrude Lines to Areas to ..............................................101
3.3.3. Convert Lines to Areas: Convert Lines to Areas ..................................................106
3.3.4. Extrude Areas to Solid: Solid Extrude Areas to ...................................................107
3.3.5. Areas to Solid Convert: Convert Areas Solids ......................................................109
3.4. Move: Move .............................................................................................................110
3.5. Edit Points: Edit Points. ...........................................................................................111
3.5.1. Add Grid Points at Select: Add a line to the selected Grid Point. 111 Merge Joints:
3.5.2. Join Together within a specified tolerance. ........................................................... 113
3.5.3. Aligned Points: Align Points ................................................................................113
3.6. Edit Lines: Edit Lines ..............................................................................................114
3.6.1. Frames Divide: Divide Gantry elements "Frame" ................................................ 115
3.6.2. Join Frames: Joining Elements Gantry "Frame" ................................................117
3.6.3. Trim / Extend Lines: Trim and Extend Lines .......................................................118
3.6.4. Curved Lines Edit: Edit Curved Lines .................................................................120
3.6.5. Edit Cable Geometry: Geometry Edit Cable ........................................................123
3.6.6. Tendon Profile Edit: Edit the profile of the Guaya ..............................................125
3.7. Edit Areas: Areas Edit ..............................................................................................127
3.7.1. Areas Divide: Divide Areas .................................................................................. 128
3.7.2. Areas Merge: Merge Areas ...................................................................................132
3.7.3. Expand / Shrink Areas: Areas Expand or Shortening ..........................................132
3.7.4. Add Edge to Area Points: Add points to Areas .....................................................133
3.7.5. Remove Points to Area Edge: Remove Points to Areas ........................................133
3.8. Divide Solids: Solid Split ......................................................................................... 134
3.9. Change Labels: Change Tags (Names) .....................................................................136
4. View Menu: View. .......................................................................................................137
4.1. Set 3D View: View in 3d .......................................................................................... 138
4.2. September 2D View: 2d views ................................................................................. 138
4.3. September Limits: Limits of the Model. ................................................................... 139
4.4. Set Display Options: Options to display on screen. ..................................................139
Ma Define Menu: Define ....................................................................................................140
y. Materials: Materials. .................................................................................................141
5.1.
5.1.1. New Material Quick Add: Add a new material quickly. .......................................141
5.1.2. Add New Material: Adding a New Material .........................................................144
5.2. Section Properties: Properties of Sections ................................................................156
5.2.1. Frame Section: Section Gantry elements (beams, columns, etc.) ...............................156
5.2.2. Tendon Section: Sections for Guayas ....................................................................178
5.2.3. Section Cable: Cables Section. .............................................................................179
5.2.4. Section Area: Area Sections ................................................................................. 180
5.2.5. Solid Properties: Properties of Solids ................................................................... 192
5.2.6. Reinforcing Bar Sizes: Dimensions of Rebar. ......................................................193
5.2.7. Hinges Properties: Properties of Joints. ................................................................ 193
5.3. Mass Source: Source Masa. ..................................................................................... 199

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
5.4. Coordinate System / Grids: Coordinate Systems and pipe lines Grid ...................... 201
5.5. Joint Constraints: Restrictions on Joint Meetings. Its application
establish a reduction of degrees of freedom. .......................................................................203
5.6. Section Cut: Cutting Sections ...................................................................................205
5.7. Functions: Spectral and Time-history functions. ......................................................... 210
5.7.1. Response Spectrum: Spectral functions ................................................................210
5.8. Load Patterns: Patterns load. .......................................................................................214
5.9. Load Cases: Case Load. ..............................................................................................218
5.10. Load Combinations: Load Combinations. ................................................................228
5.11. Property Named Sets ............................................................................................ 230
5.11.1. Frame Modifiers: Modifiers property for elements gantry
"Frame" 230
5.11.2. Area Modifiers: Modifiers Area Properties for items. .......................................231
5.11.3. Frame Releases: Liberation forces and / or moments at the ends of
Porches elements "Frame" ................................................................................................. 231
5.12. Pushover Sets Parameters: Parameters to Define Pushover. ................................ 232
5.12.1. Force vs Displacement: Configuration Identification Basal vs Displacement curve
Court pursuant to generate Pushover ..................................................................................... 232
5.12.2. ATC 40 Capacity Spectrum: Setting parameters to generate the
Spectrum Capacity and Demand, according to the ATC 40 Standard. .............................. 233
5.12.3. FEMA 356 Coefficient Method: Setting parameters to generate demand by the
method of coefficients, under Rule FEMA 356. ..................................................................... 234
5.12.4. Equivalent Linearization FEMA 440: Setting parameters for generating capacity and
demand curves with an equivalent linear approximation, under Rule FEMA 440. ................... 235
5.12.5. Equivalent Displacement Modificaction FEMA 440: Setting parameters to define
the demand with the proposed amendment in the Standard FEMA
440. 236
Six. Draw Menu: Draw ........................................................................................................237
6.1. Draw Frame / Cable / Tendon: Draw Gantry elements "Frame" Wire
Guayas, from two points (Applies to plants, elevations and 3D ......................................... 238
6.2. Quick Draw Frame / Cable / Tendon: Fast drawing elements porch "Frame" cables
and Guayas, in a region by clicking (Applies to plants, elevations and 3D). 239
6.3. Quick Draw Secondary Beams: High Beams fast drawing in a region
(Grid) by clicking (Applies only to XY plane) ...................................................................... 240
6.4. Quick Draw Braces: Fast drawing Struts in a region (grid) by clicking (Applies only
to planes XZ and YZ) .......................................................................................................... 241
6.4.1. Bracing X (Cross of Saint Andrew) .......................................................................241
6.4.2. Bracing Inverted V (V Reversed) ..........................................................................241
6.4.3. Bracing V (V) ........................................................................................................241
6.4.4. Back Bracing ECCEN (the Left Diagonal) ............................................................242
6.4.5. Bracing Forward ECCEN (Diagonal to the Right) ................................................ 242
6.5. Areas Poly Draw: Draw Areas Plans, Elevations and 3D model from
three or more points ............................................................................................................243

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
6.6. Draw Rectangular Areas: Draw Rectangular Areas (Applies for Plans, Elevations and
3D) through a drag .............................................................................................................. 243
6.7. Quick Draw Quick Draw rectangular Areas Areas by clicking on a
region (grid) ........................................................................................................................244
6.8. Draw Developed Elevation Definition: To draw a user defined elevation. In this
option you can select a route plan for obtaining a porch arbitrarily .................................... 244
6.9. Reference point Draw: Draw a point of reference on a point (Board).
245
6.10. Section Cut Draw: Draw a section of Court ..........................................................246
6.11. Draw Line General Reference: General Drawing a Reference Line .....................248
6.12. Snap To: Pointers Precision ..................................................................................249
6.13. New Labels: New Tags .........................................................................................249
7. Select Menu Select .......................................................................................................250
7.1. Select Select .............................................................................................................250
7.2. Poly: Selection through a Polygonal .........................................................................251
7.3. Intersecting Poly: Selection through the intersection with a Polygon .......................... 252
7.4. Intersecting Line: Selection by the intersection of a line ............................................. 253
Eig Assign Menu: Allocate ................................................................................................ 254
ht. Joint: Assign different types of properties and restrictions Boards .....................255
8.1.
8.1.1. Restraints: General Restrictions ............................................................................255
8.1.2. Springs: Links Elastics (Springs) ..........................................................................256
8.1.3. Mass: Mass for Points (Translational and Rotational) .........................................257
8.1.4. Local Axes: Rotation of Local Axes. .......................................................................258
8.1.5. (Properties and Connectivity) Zone Panel: Panel Zone ........................................ 259
8.2. Frame: Assign Properties to Elements Porch "Frame" ............................................... 260
8.2.2. Property Modifiers: Modifiers assign properties to elements
Portico "Frame". Apply directly to Beams, Columns and Struts ....................................... 261
8.2.3. Material Property Overwrites: Lets Redefine properties Gantry elements "Frame".
Apply directly to Beams, Columns and Struts .................................................................... 262
8.2.4. Releases: Restriction or Liberation forces in elements Porch "Frame". Apply
directly to Beams, Columns and Struts ............................................................................... 262
8.2.5. Local Axes: Changing Local Axes Gantry elements "Frame".
Apply directly to Beams, Columns and Struts .................................................................... 263
8.2.6. Reverse Conectivity ..............................................................................................265
8.2.7. End (Lenght) Offset: ............................................................................................265
8.2.8. Insertion Points ......................................................................................................266
8.2.9. Output Station: ......................................................................................................267
8.2.10. Tension / Compression Limits ...........................................................................268
8.2.11. Hinges ...............................................................................................................268
8.2.12. Line Springs: ......................................................................................................272
8.2.13. Mass Line: ..........................................................................................................273
8.2.14. Temperature Material ........................................................................................273
8.2.15. Automatic Frame Mesh: ....................................................................................274
8.3. Cable: Cables Assign property. ................................................................................275
8.4. Tendon: Assign property Guayas ..............................................................................275

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.5. Area: Assign Properties to Elements Area ...............................................................276
8.5.1. Sections ................................................................................................................. 276
8.5.2. Area Stiffness Modifiers: ...................................................................................... 277
8.5.3. Overwrites Area Material Property .......................................................................277
8.5.4. Thickness Overwrites Area: .................................................................................. 278
8.5.5. Local Axes: ............................................................................................................ 280
8.5.6. Reverse Local 3 ....................................................................................................280
8.5.7. Temperatures Material: .........................................................................................280
8.5.8. Springs Area .........................................................................................................281
8.5.9. Mass Area: ............................................................................................................281
8.5.10. Automatic Area Mesh: Divide automatically Areas (Internal Mesh).
282
8.6. Solid: Solid Assign Properties to Elements ..............................................................284
8.6.1. You properties: ..................................................................................................... 284
8.6.2. Local Axes: ............................................................................................................ 284
8.6.3. Surface Spring ......................................................................................................285
8.6.4. Temperatures Material: .........................................................................................285
8.6.5. Switch Faces: ........................................................................................................ 286
8.6.6. Automatic Solid Mesh: ......................................................................................... 286
8.7. Joint Loads: Loads Assign Gaskets ....................................................................... 287
8.7.1. Forces: Assign forces in Boards ..............................................................................287
8.7.2. Displacement: Assign Shifts in Boards .................................................................288
8.8. Frame Loads: Loads to Assign Items Gantry "Frames" ............................................... 289
8.8.1. Gravity: Assigning Loads in function to Gravity. .................................................289
8.8.2. Points: Assigning Loads Punctual. .......................................................................290
8.8.3. Distributed: Assign Distributed Loads .................................................................. 290
8.8.4. Temperature: Assigning Loads of temperature. .....................................................291
8.9. Cable Loads: Loads to Assign Cables ......................................................................292
8.10. Tendon Loads: Loads Assign Guayas ...................................................................292
8.10.1. Gravity: Assigning Loads in function to Gravity. ............................................ 293
8.10.2. Tendon Forces / Stress: Assigning Loads o Efforts to Guayas .......................... 293
8.11. Area Loads: Loads to Assign Items Area .............................................................294
8.11.1. Gravity: Assigning Loads in function to Gravity. ............................................ 294
8.11.2. Uniform (Shell): Assign charges uniformly distributed .................................... 294
8.11.3. Uniform to Frame (Shell) ..................................................................................295
8.11.4. Surface Pressure (All) .......................................................................................295
8.12. Joint Patterns: Pattern Boards. Set Allows load distribution
Triangular shape to contemplate pressure of liquids and dirt. .......................................... 296
8.13. Assign Copy And Paste: Copying and pasting elements Assignments .................298
9. Analyse Menu: Analyze .............................................................................................. 299
9.1. Set Analysis Options: Options Analysis. Flat or Spatial Analysis. Analysis
Dynamic P-Delta effect. ...................................................................................................... 299
9.2. Solver Options: Options Settlement. ........................................................................ 300
9.3. Set Load Cases to Run: Select the load cases to run .................................................300
9.4. Undeformed Modify Geometry: Geometry No Change Deformed ..........................301
9.5. Show Last Run Detail: Show Details last Corrida. ...................................................301

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
10. Display Menu: View .................................................................................................302
10.1. Show ASSIGNS Loads: Loads Assigned to See Together Gantry elements, cables,
Guayas, Areas and Solids ................................................................................................... 302
10.2. Show Misc ASSIGNS: View assignments on Boards elements Gantry, Cables,
Guayas, Areas and Solids ....................................................................................................305
10.3. Show Deformed Shape: Deformed Model View. .................................................307
10.4. Show Forces / Stresses: View Forces and / or Efforts Together Elements Porch
"Frame", Cables, Guayas, Areas and Solids .......................................................................308
10.4.1. Joints: Joints Reactions ...................................................................................308
10.4.2. Frame / Cables: Power Gantry elements "Frame" and Cables. ............................. 309
10.4.3. Shell: Forces in members area Shell Behavior Type ....................................... 312
10.4.4. Solids: Forces in members area Shell Behavior Type .......................................322
10.4.5. Show Static Pushover Curve: Show Graph Pushover. ......................................324
10.4.6. Hinge Show Results: Show results Joints .........................................................332
10.4.7. Tables: Show Tables .........................................................................................334
11. Menu Design: Design ...............................................................................................335
11.1. Steel Frame Design: Design Elements Gantry "Frame" Steel. ..............................335
11.2. View / Preferences Review: View and / or Redefine Design Preferences. ...........336
11.2.1. View / Check Overwrites: View and / or Redefine Design Parameters. .......... 337
11.2.2. Select Design Group: Select Group Design ...................................................... 338
11.2.3. Select Design Combinations: Select Groups Design .........................................338
11.2.4. September Lateral Displacement Targets: Lateral Displacement Limit ............339
11.2.5. Set Time Period Targets: Setting Limits periods of mode shapes.
340
11.2.6. Start Design / Check of Structure: I ..................................................................340
11.2.7. Display Design Info: Display the information of the design according to the
Standard
Applied. 341
11.2.8. Change Design Section: Changing the Design section ..................................... 342
11.3. Concrete Frame Design: Design of Concrete Elements. .......................................344
11.3.1. View / Preferences Review: View and / or Redefine Design Preferences ........ 345
11.3.2. View / Check Overwrites: View and / or Redefine Design Parameters. .......... 346
11.3.3. Select Design Combo: Select Combinations for Design ...................................347
11.3.4. Start Design / Check of Structure ......................................................................347
11.3.5. Display Design Info: Display the information of the design according to the
Standard
Applied. 348
11.3.6. Change Design Section: Changing the Design section ......................................349
11.4. Aluminium Frame Design: Design Elements in Aluminum. ............................... 352
11.4.1. View / Preferences Review: View and / or Redefine Design Preferences ........ 353
11.4.2. View / Check Overwrites: View and / or Redefine Design Parameters. .......... 354
11.4.3. Select Design Group: Select group Design .......................................................355
11.4.4. Select Design Combinations: Select combinations of Design .......................... 355
11.4.5. Start Design / Check of Structure ......................................................................356
11.4.6. Display Design Info: Display the information of the design according to the
Standard
Applied. 11.4.7.
9

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
356
Change
Design
Section:
Changing
the
Design
section. ............................................................................................................... 357

10

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
11.5. Cold Formed Steel Frame Design: Steel Design Elements Formed to
Cold. 357
11.5.1. View / Preferences Review: View and / or Redefine Design Preferences ........ 358
11.5.2. View / Check Overwrites: View and / or Redefine Design Parameters. .......... 359
11.5.3. Select Design Group: Select group Design .......................................................360
11.5.4. Select Design Combinations: Select combinations of Design .......................... 360
11.5.5. Start Design / Check of Structure ......................................................................361
11.5.6. Display Design Info: Display the information of the design according to the
Standard
Applied. 361
11.5.7. Change Design Section: Changing the Design section ..................................... 362
11.6. Lateral Bracing: Lateral Bracing ..............................................................................362
11.6.1. Specify Point Bracing: Bracing Specify points. ............................................... 362
11.6.2. Bracing Uniform: Uniform Distance between Struts ....................................... 363
11.7. Overwrite Frame Design Procedure: Rethinking the Design Procedure
Element. ...............................................................................................................................363

11

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
(SAP2000) Integrated Software for Structural Analysis & Design
SAP2000 is a program developed by the company
CSI, Computer and Structures, Inc. Berkeley,
California, USA. It comes in several versions
(Standard, Plus and Advanced). For over 30 years
he has been in continuous development, to give
the engineer a reliable, sophisticated and easy to
use on the basis of a powerful and intuitive
graphical interface procedures modeling,
structural analysis and design at the forefront
worldwide .

Regarding modeling SAP2000 has a set of default

templates for producing the same geometry quickly
and efficiently. Moreover, a spatial system handles
reference lines (grid lines) associated with a given
coordinate system (Cartesian or cylindrical), which
serve as a guide to establish each of the elements of
the model.

SAP2000 is able to handle larger and more

complex models powered by an unmatched
analysis engine and design tools for engineers
what work in the area
transportation, industrial, public works,
sports, and other facilities. In terms of making
various use Static and Dynamic Analysis
linearly Nonlinear and across functions
spectral and Time- May
incorporate History. cables, springs
d guayas,
dampers, isolators, Sinks, sections
no prismatic, etc.

SAP2000 determined by the finite element

method the response in terms of forces, efforts
and deformed in the area and solid elements,
presenting a graph and output tables, making it
the preferred tool for engineers structural
dedicated to
Research, development of projects
construction. and

12

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
SAP2000 has a powerful design in steel, concrete
and aluminum fully integrated, all available from
the same interface used to model and analyze the
model. The design of aluminum and steel members
permits initial sizing and an interactive optimization
and design
concrete elements calculating includes
amount of even of required,
considering steel reinforc in design
ement
one level
seismic. The design generally is carried out
through application codes updated
international

Regarding Nonlinear analysis can obtain the

capacity curve of a structure through the application
of Pushover and the definition of spherical plastic
in the ends elements. This
curve Capacity allows to study failure
mechanisms having a certain model obtaining
ductility
Capacity last, inelastic deformation
maxima, etc. In addition, capacity
can be checked against the criteria imposed
demand of FEMA Standards 356, FEMA 440,
ATC 40, This validates the regulatory procedures
in the area of seismic performance.

The use of springs with only compression behavior

allows study analysis Slabs
systems and design foundations and / or an elastic
medium such as soil, desincorporando those springs
under a given load case are tensile (Up-lift).
Additionally,
Linear through section cut in Solids can get
command and items which act, in one
Resulting Forces group
Area
specific of elements, low one determined
system loads.

Moreover, a study of the compression capacity

(Loading Critical buckling model lines, areas and
solids simulating connections, trusses, plates,
profiles, Steel Systems, etc. can be performed

13

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
USER MANUAL / USER GUIDE.
1. Initial Screen.
Upon entering the program, we are presented with a black screen background with two
vertically spaced windows. There in the bottom right a menu is displayed with the units used
in the generation of the structural model, while in the upper left of the File menu where you
can open is active or import an existing model, or generate a new model. Moreover, at the top
is the Help menu.

Menu: File Menu: Help

Working Window

Units

14

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
1.1. General List Menu screen.

Edit Define Draw Assign Show Options Help

Archive Vie Bridges Select Analyze Design Tools

w

Location of Drop Down Menu

3d model
Coordinate
System

Screen Icons Coordinates

Units

12

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
1.2. Screen Icons description.

New Save the Making Unlock Analyze Moving

Model Model and Analysis Live Screen
Unmakin
g

Open a Print out Update Analyze ZOOM Options

Model

Deformed, Reactions and

Croppe Diagrams
View Options d View

Rotate
Moving in Options Lending Design
the Grid General Table
Lines Display

Selection Tools.

Drawing Tools
Nodes, Lines,
Areas and Solids

Precision Tools.

13

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
2. File Menu: Archives.
Entering the File menu, the following options are presented active:

Start a New Model

Open a New Existing

Save the Current File

Import a file
Export File

Control File Create a

Video

Print Setup for Graphics: Graphics Settings

to Print
Print Graphics Print Graph.
Tables Print Print Tables.

Configuring and Creating Reports

Write an Advanced Report

Capturing Images and Archives

Use Comments

Running the Last Analysis

Display Input and Output in Text file

List of recently used files.

Leave

14

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
2.1. New Model Initialization: Conditions for Starting a New Model.
Selecting the option "New Model" we face the different structures
default.

Conditions of Starting Units Project

a New Model Information

Select Default Models

Initialize from Model with Default Units: Start a Model with selected units.
Initialize Model from an Existing Model: Start a Model from one
With existing units, definitions and preferences.

15

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
2.1.1. Select Template Select Models Defaults.

Screen Only Grid Beams Armor Armor Porches

without
Definitions Continuous Planas Space Plans

Structures Walls Slabs Models Stairs Structures

Space Reticular With Areas

Structures Models Bridges Bridges Modeler Pipes and

Underground With Solid Pendants Continuous Bridges Sheets

16

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
2.1.2. Blank Option:
We are presented with the screen split vertically without any definitions.

This option is very useful and recommended if you want to import a model where you have
all the preset definitions including Grid lines that function as referential axes in 3D.

17

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
2.1.3. Grid Option Only:
Upon entering we are presented with a window where you can define the Grid lines for a Cartesian
coordinate system or Cylindrical.

Cartesian coordinates

Number of Grid
Lines in X, Y, Z

Grid spacing lines at X,

Y, Z

Location of the first grid

line in X, Y, Z

18

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Cylindrical Coordinates

Number of Grid Lines:

Along Radius: Number of Transverse Lines

Note: The origin is counted as a Transversal Line Along
Theta: Number of Radial Lines
Along Z: Number of lines in Z

Grid Spacing Lines:

Along Radius: Distance between Lines Along

Transverse Theta (Deg): Angle between Lines Along
Radial Z: Z spacing

Location of First Grid Lines:

Along Radius: Location of the First Line Transversal Along

Theta (Deg): Location of the First Radial Line in degrees.
Along Z: Location Frontline Z

19

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
2.1.4. Beam Option:
Upon entering we are presented a window where you can define the number of sections, pipe
sections, the section of the beam, Restrictions and Grid lines.

Edit the line spacing and location of Number of Length of

Grid Origin Tranches Sections

List of Previously Defining a

Defined Sections New Section

20

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
2.1.5. Option 2D Trusses:
Upon entering we are presented with a window where you can choose from three types of Armor
Planas.
In each case the number of sections, Divisions, Divisions length, Alturas,
Restrictions and Grid Lines specified.

Type: Truss "Sloped" Number of Rooms Length of Rooms

Height

Cords Struts
Edit the line spacing and location of
Grid Origin

Include List of Previously Defining a

Restrictions Defined Sections New Section

21

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 22

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Type: Truss "Vertical" Number of Rooms Length of Rooms

Height

Cords Struts
Edit the line spacing and location of
Grid Origin

Include List of Previously Defining a

Restrictions Defined Sections New Section

3D View Front View

23

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Type: Truss "Pratt" Dimensions, Divisions and Alturas

Location of Origin

Cords Struts
Definition of Parameters

List of Previously Defining a

Include Restrictions and
Defined Sections New Section
Grid Lines

24

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 25

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
2.1.6. Option 3D Trusses:
Upon entering we are presented with a window where you can choose from six types of Armor
Space. In each case the number of Divisions or Sections, lengths, heights, Sections, Restrictions and
Grid Lines specified.

Type: tridilosa. Dimensions, Divisions and Alturas

Cords Struts
Edit the line spacing and location of
Grid Origin

List of Previously Defining a

Defined Sections New Section
Include Restrictions

Number of Bays: Number of Tranches.

Span Length: Length of each Tranche.
Height: Height.

3D View

Plan View

Number of Tranches

26

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Dimensions Upright,
Type: Transmission Tower 1 Horizontal and Diagonal

Location of Origin

Definition of Parameters Uprights

Diagonal and
Horizontal

Defining a New
Section

Include Restrictions and Grid

Lines

Note: (H) and b (W) are factors of length for the location of the diagonals.

26

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 27

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Dimensions Upright,
Type: Transmission Tower 2 Horizontal and Diagonal

Location of Origin

Definition of Parameters Uprights

Diagonal and
Horizontal

Defining a New
Section

Include Restrictions and Grid

Lines

Note: (H) and b (W) are factors of length for the location of the diagonals.

28

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 29

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Dimensions Upright,
Type: 3 Transmission Tower Horizontal and Diagonal

Location of Origin

Definition of Parameters Uprights

Diagonal and
Horizontal

Defining a New
Section

Include Restrictions and Grid

Lines

Note: (H) and b (W) are factors of length for the location of the diagonals.

30

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 31

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Dimensions Upright,
Type: 3 Transmission Tower Horizontal and Diagonal

Location of Origin

Definition of Parameters Uprights

Diagonal and
Horizontal

Defining a New
Section

Include Restrictions and

Grid Lines

Note: (H) and b (W) are factors of length for the location of the diagonals.

32

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 33

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
2.1.7. Option 2D Frames:
Upon entering we are presented with a window where you can choose from three types of Porches
Plans. In
each case the number specifies the number of floors, height Flats, Lengths of Number of beams
Sections Sections, Restrictions and Grid Lines.

Type: Porch Simple Overall Dimensions Porch

Beams
Edit the line spacing and location of Columns
Grid Origin

List of Previously Defining a

Include Restrictions Defined Sections New Section

Number of Stories: Number of Stories.

Number of Bays: Number of Beams.
Story Height: Height of Flats.
Bay Width: Span Length.

34

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 35

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Type: Porch with Struts
Concentric Overall Dimensions Porch

Beams
Edit the line spacing and location of
Columns
Grid Origin
Struts

Defining a
List of Previously New Section
Include Restrictions Defined Sections

Number of Stories: Number of

Stories. Number of Bays: Number of
Tranches. Story Height: Height of
Flats.
Bay Width: Span Length.

36

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Type: Porch with Struts
Eccentrics Overall Dimensions Porch

Beams
Edit the line spacing and location of
Columns
Grid Origin
Struts

Defining a
List of Previously New Section
Include Restrictions Defined Sections

Number of Stories: Number of

Stories. Number of Bays: Number of
Tranches. Story Height: Height of
Flats. Bay Width: Span Length. Gap
Width: Length "Link".

37

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
2.1.8. 3D Frames option:
Upon entering we are presented with a window where you can choose from four types of models of
buildings. In each case the number specifies the number of Flats, Flats height, number of beams,
lengths of Sections Sections, Restrictions and Grid Lines.

Type: Building Open Porches General Building Dimensions

Beams

Edit the line spacing and location of Columns

Grid Origin

Defining a
List of Previously New Section
Include Restrictions Defined Sections

Number of Stories: Number of

Stories. Number of Bays: Number of
Tranches. Story Height: Height of
Flats.
Bay Width: Span Length.

37
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Type: Building frames with
Perimeter Beams General Building Dimensions

Beams

Edit the line spacing and location of Columns

Grid Origin

Defining a
List of Previously New Section
Include Restrictions
Defined Sections

Number of Stories: Number of

Stories. Number of Bays: Number of
Tranches. Story Height: Height of
Flats.
Bay Width: Span Length.

38

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 39

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Type: Building porches and General Building Dimensions
quantized Beamed Areas.

Beams
Edit the line spacing and location of Grid
Origin
Columns

Include Restrictions Areas

Defining a New
List of Previously
Section
Defined Sections
Number of Stories: Number of
Stories Number of Bays: Number of
Tranches. Story Height: Height of
Flats.
Bay Width: Span Length.
Number of Divisions: Number of Internal divisions elements Area (Mesh)

40

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 41

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Type: Building discretized General Building Dimensions
only areas. (No beams)

Beam
Edit the line spacing and location of
Grid Origin s

Area

Defining a
List of Previously
Include Restrictions New Section
Defined Sections

Number of Stories: Number of

Stories Number of Bays: Number of
Tranches. Story Height: Height of
Flats.
Bay Width: Span Length.
Number of Divisions: Number of Internal divisions elements Area (Mesh)

42

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 43

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
2.1.9. Option Wall:
Upon entering we are presented with a window where the number specifies the number of divisions,
each division Length, Area Section, Restrictions and Grid Lines.

Overall Dimensions of the Wall

Edit the line spacing and location of Areas

Grid Origin

List of Previously Defining a New

Defined Sections Section

Number of Divisions: Number of Rooms in X, Z.

Division Width: Size of each element of area.

41

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
2.1.10. Option Flat Slab:
Upon entering we are presented with a window where the number specifies the number of divisions,
each division Length, Area Section, Restrictions and Grid Lines.

Overall Dimensions of the Wall

Edit the line spacing and location of Areas

Grid Origin

List of Previously Defining a

Defined Sections New Section

Number of Divisions: Number of Rooms at X, Y.

Division Width: Length of each section of element area. (L)
Middle Strip Width: Width of the special Gaza. (Sp)

Sp

Special Strip
L L L

42

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
2.1.11. Option Shells:
Upon entering we are presented with a window where you can choose from six types of models
based areas. In each case the parameters defining the geometry of Constraints section areas and grid
lines are specified.

Type: Cylinder General Dimensions

Location of Origin

Areas

List of Previously Defining a

Include Restrictions and Grid Lines. Defined Sections New Section

Cylinder Height: Height.

Num of Division, Z:. Area Number of Rooms in Z
Num of Division, Angle. Angle Number of Rooms at address
Radius: Radius (R)

No. of Rooms
Angular Address

No. of Rooms in Z

43

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Type: Barrel Shell General Dimensions

Location of Origin

Areas

Definition of Parameters

List of Previously Defining a New

Include Restrictions Defined Sections Section
and Grid Lines.

44

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 No. of Rooms in Axial
direction

No. of Rooms Angular

direction.

T
R

45

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Type: Cylindrical Shell
Multiple Sections General Dimensions

Location of Origin

Areas

Definition of Parameters

List of Previously Defining a

Include Restrictions Defined Sections New Section
and Grid Lines.

46

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
No. of Rooms in
Axial direction

Sections

47

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Type: Hyperbolic
paraboloid. General Dimensions

Location of Origin

Areas

Columns

List of Previously Defining a New

Defined Sections Section
Include Restrictions
and Grid Lines.

48

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 49

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Type: Part-Sphere General Dimensions

Location of Origin

Areas
Definition of Parameters

List of Previously Defining a New

Include Restrictions Defined Sections Section
and Grid Lines.

50

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 51

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Type: Spherical Dome General Dimensions

Location of Origin

Areas

Definition of Parameters

Include Restrictions List of Previously Defining a New

and Grid Lines. Defined Sections Section

52

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 53

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Type: Parabolic Dome General Dimensions

Location of Origin

Areas
Definition of Parameters

Include Restrictions List of Previously Defining a New

and Grid Lines. Defined Sections Section

54

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 55

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
2.1.12. Option Stairs:
Upon entering we are presented with a window where you can choose from three types of models
Stairs. In each case the parameters that define the geometry section of the Areas, Restrictions and
Grid Lines specified.

Type: Escalera 1 General Dimensions

Location of Origin

Definition of Parameters
Areas

Include Restrictions List of Previously Defining a

and Grid Lines. Defined Sections New Section

56

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 57

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Type: Staircase 2 General Dimensions

Location of Origin

Definition of Parameters Areas

Include Restrictions List of Previously Defining a New

and Grid Lines. Defined Sections Section

58

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 59

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Type: Spiral Stairs General Dimensions

Location of Origin

Areas

Definition of Parameters

Include Restrictions List of Previously Defining a New

and Grid Lines. Defined Sections Section

60

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 61

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
2.1.13. Option Storage Structures:
Upon entering we are presented with a window where you can choose from three types of models. In
each case the parameters that define the geometry section of the Areas, Restrictions and Grid Lines
specified.
Type: Water Tower 1 General Dimensions

Location of Origin

Definition of Parameters
Areas

Include Restrictions List of Previously Defining a

and Grid Lines. Defined Sections New Section

62

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 63

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Type: Water Tower 2
General Dimensions

Location of Origin

Definition of Parameters
Areas

Include Restrictions List of Previously Defining a New

and Grid Lines. Defined Sections Section

64

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 65

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Type: Circular Silo
General Dimensions

Location of Origin

Definition of Parameters
Areas

Include Restrictions List of Previously Defining a New

and Grid Lines. Defined Sections Section

66

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 67

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
2.1.14. Option Underground Concrete Structures:
Upon entering we are presented with a window where you can build a model of concrete walls and
slabs confined by land. In this case the parameters that define the geometry of the Areas section,
Loads, Springs, Restrictions and Grid Lines specified.

Build a Slab Tank

Top.

Properties: Lengths,
Number of Spaces,
Thickness.

68

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Generate Walls of a
Tank.

Properties: Lengths,
Number of Spaces,
Thickness.

69

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
2.1.15. Option Solids:
Upon entering we are presented with a window where you can choose from four types of models. In
each case the parameters that define the geometry, Sections, Restrictions and Grid Lines specified.

Type: Arch of constant thickness

General Dimensions

Location of Origin

Solid
Definition of Parameters

Include Restrictions List of Previously Defining a

and Grid Lines. Defined Sections New Section

70

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 71

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Type: Variable Arc General Dimensions

Location of Origin

Definition of Parameters
Solid

Include Restrictions List of Previously Defining a

and Grid Lines. Defined Sections New Section

72

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 73

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Type: Prisma 1 General Dimensions

Location of Origin

Definition of Parameters Solid

Include Restrictions List of Previously Defining a

and Grid Lines. Defined Sections New Section

74

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 75

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Type: Block General Dimensions

Location of Origin

Solid

Include Restrictions List of Previously Defining a

and Grid Lines. Defined Sections New Section

76

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
2.1.16. Cable Bridges:
Upon entering we are presented with a window where a suspension bridge is generated. In this case
the parameters that define the geometry, sections of beams, columns, Cables and Areas, Restrictions
and Grid Lines specified.

General Dimensions

Location of Origin
Definition of Parameters

Define a
Include Restrictions
Lines and Grid. New Section

List of Previously Defined

Sections

77

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 78

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
2.1.17. Option Pipes:
Upon entering we are presented with a window where you can generate multiple models of plates,
Pipes and fittings. In each case specify parameters that define the geometry,
Areas section, Restrictions and Grid Lines.

79

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
2.1.18. Grid lines can be defined.
To define distances and / or individual applications between grid (axes) in X and Y, we have
the following picture.
Units Quick Start Grid
Fomatos Edit Options. Lines

Overview

Line Type: Primary View Coordinates

or Secondary or distance
between axles

Size of Axes
Visibility

Placing default
colors

Reorder coordinates

Axles Coordinates or Spacing

Grid ID: id Grid.

Line Type: Set the type of shaft. (Primary:
Primary, Secondary: Secondary)
Visibility: Set whether you want to display the grid in the structural model.
(Show: Show, Hide: Hide)
Bubble Loc: Change the orientation of the axis.
Bubble Size: Size of the axles.
Grid Color: Allows you to assign each axis a particular color.
Hide All Grid Lines: Hide all axes. Blue Grid
Lines To: Connect to Grid lines. Ordinates
Reorder: Reorder coordinates.

80

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
2.2. Import: Import.

Here is each of the programs and file

types from which you can import the
geometry of a structural model.

Using AutoCAD dxf files, Access mdb,

Excel xls, .s2k SAP2000, ProSteel,
STAAD, StruCAD 3D, stands out among
others.

2.3. Export: Export.

Here is each of the programs and file

types to which you can export the
geometry, analysis and design of a
structural model.

Using AutoCAD dxf files, Access mdb,

Excel xls, .s2k SAP2000, ProSteel, stands
out among others.

81

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
2.4. Batch File Control: Managing Files. Through you can generate This option is
a list of models to be analyzed is sequence.

Running List Models

added

List of models to be analyzed in

sequence

2.5. Print Setup for Graphics: Graphics settings for printing.

Printers

Guidance Sheet to
Print

82

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
2.6. Print Graphics: Graphic Print the active window
2.7. Print charts Print charts.

2.8. Report Setup: Setup Reports

Report Output
Format

Select "Load
Patterns"

Select "Load Cases"

83

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
2.9. Create Report: Generate Reports

2.10. Advanced Report Writer: Advanced Report Writing.

84

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
2.11. Enhanced Metafile Capture: Capture File .emf

2.12. Picture Capture: Capture Image.

Full Screen Window

SAP2000
Actual display screen Actual Title Bar
Title Bar without using a specific
region

85

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
2.13. Project Information: Project Information.

2.14. Show Imput / Log Files: View Text Files with Data Entry.

86

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
3. Edit Menu: Edit

Undo and
Redo

Cut Copy
Paste
Delete

Add a Preset Model

Interactive database

Replicas: Linear, Radial, Symmetries

Extrude: Points, Lines, Areas and Solids

Move: Points, Lines, Areas and Solids

Edit Points

Dividing Lines

Edit Areas

Solid Split

See Merge

Duplicates

Duplicates

Edit Tags

87

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
3.1. Copy and Paste: Copy and Paste
Select Copy and then Paste where you get the following window:

Distance X

Distance Y

Distance Z

3.2. Replicate: Replicas.

3.2.1. Type: Linear.

Linear Distances in X, Y, Z

Modify and / or View options

Replica

Delete Original Objects

Selected for generating
the replica.
Number of objects
to generate

88

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Example: Consider three (3) linear elements located in the XY plane as shown in Fig.
These are selected, then the path is followed:

EDIT MENU / REPLICATE / LINEAR dx = 6

Number = 3

Linear
Elements

Once established as the option with the details given, you get what
follows:

Linear three elements are generated in

each of the axes B, C and D, from the
original located on Axis A

89

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
3.2.2. Type: Radial.

Radial

Rotate around a line parallel

to X, Y, Z or 3D.

Rotation Center located in Plano

Perpendicular to the Axis.

Number of items to generate Modify and / or View

options Replica

Angle of
Rotation Delete
Original
Objects

Radial

Rotate around a line

parallel to X, Y, Z or 3D.

Coordinates of two points

on a reference line
described in 3d

Number of items to generate Modify and / or View

options Replica

Angle of
Rotation Delete
Original
90

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
O
b
j
e
c
t
s

91

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Example: Consider a linear element located in the XY plane as shown in Fig. That item
is selected and then follow the route:

EDIT MENU / REPLICATE / RADIAL

Linear Element

X = 6, Y = 6
Number = 3

Rotation center (X Angle = 90

= 6, Y = 6)

Once established as the option with the details given, you get what
follows:

Three linear elements each arranged

from the center 90 set and linear
originally selected object is
generated.

92

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
3.2.3. Type: Symmetry.

Symmetry

Symmetry about a plane

parallel to X, Y, Z or 3D.

Coordinates of two points to

define a reference line located
in the plane perpendicular to
the axis.

Modify and / or View options

Replica

Delete Original Objects

Symmetry

Symmetry about a plane

parallel to X, Y, Z or 3D.

Coordinates of three points to

define a reference line located
in 3D.

Modify and / or View options

Replica

Delete Original Objects

93

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Example: Consider a linear element located in the XY plane as shown in Fig. That item
is selected and then follow the route:

EDIT MENU / REPLICATE / MIRROR

Linear
Elemen x1 = 0; y1 = 0
x2 = 12; y2 =
t
12

Point 2
x2 = 12; y2 = 12

Axis of
reference

Linear new element arranged

symmetrically to the original element
according to the reference axis,
defined by the coordinates of the
points shown is generated.

Point 1
x1 = 0; y1 = 0

94

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
3.2.4. View and / or Edit Options Replica

Assignments

Loads and Design

This option allows you to select previously those properties will belong in the elements generated in the
reply from the original objects

95

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
3.3. Extrude: Extrude

3.3.1. Extrude Points to Frames / Cables: Extrude points to lines.

Type: Linear.

Linear

Defining a New Section

List of Sections previously

defined

Distance X

Distance Y

Distance Z

Number of elements
to generate

96

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Example: Consider three nodes located in the XY plane as shown in Fig. These nodes are
selected and then follow the route:

EDIT MENU / EXTRUDE / EXTRUDE POINTS TO FRAMES / LINEAR.

dx = 6

Nodes

Number = 2

A next I set the option to the data given, you get what
time:

Two lines in each axis

are generated from the
selected nodes.

97

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Type: Radial.

Radial

Defining a New Section

List of Sections

Axis of Rotation

Rotation Center
coordinates.

Angle of rotation of each

element to generate.

Number of objects to generate

Length shift in the direction of

shaft rotation established.

98

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Example: Consider a node located in the XY plane as shown in Fig. That node is selected
and then follow the route:

EDIT MENU / EXTRUDE / EXTRUDE POINTS TO FRAMES / RADIAL.

Selected Node. (X = 6, Y
= 6, Z = 3)

Center of Rotation: X
= 6, Y = 0, Z = 3

Once established as the option with the details given, you get what
follows:

Selected Node. (X = 6, Y
= 6, Z = 3)

A curve is generated based on

straight segments 9 arranged
at 10 °, according to the set
rotation center.
Center of Rotation:
X = 6, Y = 0; Z = 3

The last Locates Node Z = -3 because of the

"Total Rise" indicated.

99

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Type: Advanced.

Advanced

List of Sections

Defining a New Section

Define and Modify

Element Generation

Example: Consider a Node in the XY plane. Said node is selected, and then
follow the route:

EDIT MENU / EXTRUDE / EXTRUDE POINTS TO FRAMES / ADVANCED.

Selected Node. (X = 0, Y
= 0, Z = 0)

10
0
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Click done in "Define / Modify Path" and it opens the table below.

Generated coordinates of each node by clicking on "Insert"

Straight Line.

Number of Rooms

Insert Coordinates

Last Node coordinates

Generated
(X = 6, Y = 3, Z = 0)

8 elements are generated

100

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
3.3.2. Extrude Lines to Areas: Extrude Lines to Areas to

Type: Linear.

Linear

Defining a New Section

List of Sections

Distance X

Distance Y

Distance Z

Number of objects
to generate

Remove Objects Source

101

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Example: Consider a linear element in the XY plane figure. as shown in
That item is selected, and then follow the route:

EDIT MENU / EXTRUDE LINES TO AREAS / LINEAR.

dx = 1

Linear
Object

Number = 6

Once established as the option with the details given, you get what
follows:

Area 6 elements are generated

with a width of 1 mc / or

102

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Type: Radial.

Radial

Defining a New Section

List of Sections

Axis of Rotation

Rotation Center
coordinates.

Angle of rotation of each

element to generate.

Number of items to generate

Length to move the last item

generated in the direction of
shaft rotation established.

Delete source objects

103

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Example: Consider a linear element located in the XY plane as shown in Fig. That item
is selected, and then follow the route:

EDIT MENU / EXTRUDE LINES TO AREAS / RADIAL.

Center of Rotation: X
= 6, Y = 6, Z = 0

Linear object.

Once established as the option with the details given, you get what
follows:

The last nodes are located at Z = 6 due to "Total

Rise" indicated.

36 elements radially area every 10

degrees around the Z axis and the
center of rotation function Established,
from Original Linear element is
generated.

104

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Type: Advanced

Advanced

List of Sections

Defining a New Section

Define and Modify

Element Generation

Remove the Source Object

105

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
3.3.3. Convert Lines to Areas: Convert Lines to Areas.
Example: Consider a linear element located in 3D such a as shown in
figure. That item is selected, and then follow the route:

EDIT MENU / LINES TO CONVERT ELEVATIONS.

Linear Element
Section: IPE300

The program based on the section

previously applied to the linear element
defines the dimensions and thicknesses
of flanges and webs, and modeled as area
elements.

Ala

Alma

106

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
3.3.4. Extrude Areas to Solid: Extrude Areas to Solid.

Type: Linear

Linear

List of Sections

Option 1: Direction normal to the surface

of the area

+3 Dir Thickness: Total thickness of the solid in the

direction of axis 3 Area.
+ 3 Dir Number: Number of elements in the thickness of
the solid tota generate subdivides the axis 3

Dir -3 Thickness: Total thickness of the solid in the direction of

the axis -3 Area.
- Dir Number 3: Number of elements in the thickness of the
solid tota generate subdivides the axis -3

Linear

List of Sections

Option 2: User-defined with relative distances

in direction X, Y, Z

Remove Objects Source

107

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Example: Consider a pattern area with elements located in that make up a wall are
the XZ plane as shown in Fig. area elements, and then follow selected all
the route:

EDIT MENU / EXTRUDE LINES TO AREAS / RADIAL.

Wall modeling elements

Plano Area

Once established as the option with the details given, you get what
follows:

I generated with
solid wall
elements.

108

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
3.3.5. Areas to Solid Convert: Convert Areas in Solids.
Example: Consider a patterned area wall elements as shown in Fig. Entire model is
selected, and then follow the route:

MENU EDIT / CONVERT ELEVATIONS TO SOLID.

Wall modeling elements

Area

Wall modeling with 2 layers of

solid elements from area
elements.

109

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
3.4. Move: Move

Distances in X is
input, Y, Z

Example: Consider a linear element located in the XY plane as shown in Fig. That item
is selected, and then follow the route:

MENU EDIT / MOVE.

Linear Element
Original

Once you have set the option to the data Linear element
displaced
given, the following is obtained:

110

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
3.5. Edit Points: Edit Points.

3.5.1. Add Grid Points at Select: Add a line to the selected Grid Point.

The direction in which

you are adding the
indicated grid line (X, Y
or Z)

111

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Example: Consider a system of floor beams, belts and losacero in the XY plane where
the axes A, B, 1, 2 and 3 as shown in the figure are taken. No. 40 the board is selected,
and then follow the route:

EDIT MENU / EDIT POINTS / ADD GRID POINTS AT SELECT.

Board 40

Once established as the option with the details given, you get what
follows:

Generated in X axis
which passes through
the ring 40

112

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
3.5.2. Merge Joints: Join Together within a specified tolerance.

Specified Tolerance

3.5.3. Aligned Points: Align Points.

Aligning a given coordinate

points X, Y, or Z

Align points to the closest line

to the selected points

Example: Consider a system of linear elements located as shown in the XY plane

Fig. The No. 46 boards and 48 circles are selected, and then follow the such identified
route:

EDIT MENU / EDIT POINTS / ADD GRID POINTS AT SELECT.

113

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Once established as the option with the details given, you get what
follows:

The seals 46 and 48 are aligned

to the specified coordinate Y = 9
m.

3.6. Edit Lines: Edit Lines.

114

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
3.6.1. Frames Divide: Divide Gantry elements "Frame"

Number of divisions

Division Factor: Final

Long / Long Initial

Generate a division at the intersection of the joints, linear

elements, areas and / or selected solids

Example 1: Consider a linear element located in the XY plane as shown in Fig. That item
is selected, and then follow the route:

EDIT MENU / EDIT LINES / DIVIDE FRAMES.

Original Linear Element

115

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Where the last two elements having a
length equal to half the first is
generated.

Example 2: Consider two linear elements located in the XY plane as shown in Fig. That
item is selected, and then follow the route:

EDIT MENU / EDIT LINES / DIVIDE FRAMES.

Elements Linear
Originals

Four intersecting linear

elements are generated at the
junction of the two original
lines

116

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
3.6.2. Join Frames: Joining Elements Gantry "Frame".
Example: Consider two linear elements located in the XY plane as shown in as
Fig. Both items are selected, and then follow the route:

EDIT MENU / EDIT LINES / JOIN FRAMES.

Originals Linear Elements

are Selected

Item
linea
r Kingdom.

117

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
3.6.3. Trim / Extend Lines: Trim and Extend Lines

Example 1: Consider two linear elements located in the XY plane as shown in Fig. Both
elements and element end node that wants to extend to the other line are selected, which
in this case is the board number 2, then follow the path:

EDIT MENU / EDIT LINES / TRIM / EXTEND FRAMES

L2

L1

Select linear
elements and the board 2.

L2

The element linear L1 is

extends to the linear element L1
L2 from the joint 2

118

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Example 2: Consider two linear elements located in the XY plane as shown in Fig. Both
elements and element end node that wants to extend to the other line are selected, which
in this case is the board number 2, then follow the path:

EDIT MENU / EDIT LINES / TRIM / EXTEND FRAMES

L2

L1

Select linear
elements and the joint 2.

L2

The L1 element is cut straight to

the intersection with the line
element L2 from the ring 2
L1

119

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
3.6.4. Curved Lines Edit: Edit Lines Curves.

Linear object parameters. Curve parameters.

Options Division Curve

Line Units

Coordinates of the Nodes to idealize the Preview

curve generated by straight segments

120

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Linear object parameters.

Line Type Curve

Type of
Curve:
An Arc or Parabolic Circular is
defined by specifying the
coordinate of 3rd point and / or
Assigning section Radio.
Coordinates of the initial node

Coordinates of the end node

3rd Point Coordinates

Options Division Curve Line.

Keep as Single Object: Keep as a single object.

Break into Multiple Objects Equal Lenght: Split into multiple objects of equal length.

Break into Multiple Objects with Projected Equal Length on Chord: Split into multiple objects of equal
length projected onto the rope.

Curve Parameters Number of straight segments to

generate the curve

Update

Traction Set Limits

and / or compression.

Loop Length Radio

121

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Example: Consider a straight linear guiding element located in the XY plane as shown
in Fig. That item is selected, and then follow the route:

EDIT MENU / EDIT CURVED LINES

3rd point.
(X = 3, Y = 6, Z = 3)

The 2nd point.

(X = 6, Y = 4, Z = 3)

1st Point.
(X = 0, Y = 4, Z A curve is generated from the
= 3) junction 10 straight segments

Number of Linear Segments = 10

Circular Arc - 3rd Point Coords

122

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
3.6.5. Edit Cable Geometry: Geometry Edit Cable.

Parameters of linear object: Includes Parameters of Cable: It includes the

Cable type and Section Thereof. weight per unit length, voltage, number of
segments, etc.

Units

Options Division Line

(Mesh).

Preview
Information Geometry of Cable

Maximun .- Sag Vertical: Vertical distance measured from the center of the
cable into its original position "deformed Sin (Lc)" to the wire in its deformed
position (Lo)

.- Low - Point Sag Vertical: Vertical distance measured from the lowest node of the
cable into its original position "deformed Sin (Lc)" to the lowest point of the cable in
its deformed position (Lo).

.- Relative Length: Factor that multiplies the length of the cable "deformed Sin (Lc)" for
the deformed length (Lo).

123

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Options Cable Division.

Keep as Single Object: Keep as a single object.

Break into Multiple Objects Equal Lenght: Split into multiple objects of equal length.

Break into Multiple Objects with Projected Equal Length on Chord: Split into multiple objects of equal
length projected onto the rope.

124

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
3.6.6. Tendon Profile Edit: Edit the profile of the Guaya

Generate Information Extreme Points

Geometry guaya

Section

Local axes Loads

High Discretization of Guaya

Preview for analysis.

Move Guaya

125

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
If you select the option "Quick Start" we are able to generate the geometry of the cable quickly.

If you select the "Add" Option "Tendon Loads" we are able to generate a force or stress of
prestressing.

Applying Forces or Stresses

in the

Losses

126

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
If you select the "Add" Option "Tendon Sections" we can define the Guaya section, and
specify if it will work as freight or item.

As Model Tendon Loads: The guaya only generates

a load of Prestressed or unincorporated Postensado
Losses included in "Other Losses Parameters".

Tendon as Element Model: The guaya addition to

the burden of Prestressed or Postensado
incorporates losses included in "Other Losses
Parameters".

Properties

3.7. Edit Areas: Areas Edit

127

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
3.7.1. Areas Divide: Divide areas.

Divide Areas indicating a number of objects to generate both local

addresses between points 1-2 and 1-3.

Areas divided indicating a maximum size of each object to

generate both local addresses between points 1-2 and 1-3.

128

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Divide the area into squares and triangles considering:

a) Intersecting Grid line with the axes Visible areas.

b) Linear objects intersecting axes selected areas
c) Views on Selected areas.

Divide Areas through a cut based on linear

objects selected

Divide Areas through a selected points based on applying a

rotation angle relative to the local axes cut.

Divide Areas using a general approach based on the selection

of points and lines with a maximum size of each area element
to generate the discretization.

129

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Example 1: Consider four (4) elements of areas with linear elements in the
perimeter of each, located in the plane selected XY as shown in FIG. It
areas, and then follow the route:

EDIT MENU / EDIT AREAS. Division 6 x 6

Area elements

36 area elements are generated

in each quadrant

130

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Example 2: Consider four (4) areas of elements dimensions 6 x 6 meters with
linear elements in the perimeter of each, located in the plane shown in XY as
Fig. Areas are selected, and then follow the route:

EDIT MENU / EDIT AREAS / DIVIDE AREAS

Division 1-2 Division direction
m = 1 1-3 = 2 e m

Area elements

6 horizontal and 3 vertical divisions

area are generated in each quadrant

131

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
3.7.2. Merge Areas: Areas Connect.

Example: Consider areas elements 16 located in the plane shown in XY as

Fig. Areas are selected, and then follow the route:

EDIT MENU / EDIT AREAS / MERGE AREAS

Union Area elements

16 Elements of Area into a single object

3.7.3. Expand / Shrink Areas: Areas Expand or Shorten.

About All Selected Areas.

Through the points selected

areas

Distance to
Expand or
Shortening

132

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Example: Consider one area element dimensions 6 x 6 meters located in the XY plane as
shown in Fig. The area is selected, and then follow the route:

EDIT MENU / EDIT AREAS / EXPAND / SHRINK AREAS

1m

We apply a distance of
1 m.

3.7.4. Add Edge to Area Points: Add points to Areas.

3.7.5. Remove Points to Area Edge: Remove Points to Areas.

133

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
3.8. Divide Solids: Solid Split.

Number of Solid
generate between
faces: 2 & 4, 1 & 3, 5
&6

Example 1 Solid Consider dimensions 6 x 6 x 3 meters as shown in Fig. The solid is

selected, and then follow the route:

EDIT MENU / DIVIDED SOLIDS

N=4

N=5
N=7

134

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Why generate a Mesh (discretization) of the Areas or Solid?

It is necessary to establish a mesh because the solution of area objects is based on the finite
element method (FEM).

The Finite Element Method (FEM) is based on transforming a continuous medium in an

approximate discrete model. This transformation is accomplished by generating a
discretization of the model, ie, the model is divided into a finite number of parts called
"elements", whose behavior specified by one finite number of
parameters associated with characteristic points called "nodes". Nodes are the attachment
points to adjacent elements.

Element "Area"

Node

The behavior within each element is defined by the behavior of nodes by appropriate
interpolation functions or shape functions. The behavior of what happens inside the body
approximately, is obtained by interpolation of known values at the nodes. Po is both an
approximation of the values of a function from the knowledge of a given finite number of
points.

Known Displacement at
Node

135

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
3.9. Change Labels: Change Tags (Names).

Change Element Tags: Boards,

Linear, Areas, Solid, functions,
etc.

Current Tag New Label

136

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
4. View Menu: View.

3D View

View the map

Vista User Defined

View Boundary Model

Screen View Options

Zoom Window

Maximum Zoom Display

Zoom Previous

Zoom In One Step

Zoom Zoom in Step

Zoom in real time

Fly into the Model

Scroll Screen

Show Grid lines.

Show Axes

Show only Selected

View Items Not Selected

Remove selecting the View

Restore the previous selection in the View

Show All

Update Window

Update Vista

137

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
4.1. Set 3D View: View 3D.

3D View

Address and Angles

Quick View

Horizontal Angle

Vertical Angle

Angle of Opening

4.2. September View 2D: 2D views.

In 2D

Plans

Direction of View: Front or

Rear

138

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
4.3. September Limits: Limits of the Model.

Flat View model to its

limits

Choose Plano

Ignore Limits

Limits View X, Y, Z.
You can set the limit values MIN and
MAX.

4.4. Set Display Options: Options to display on screen.

In this case the item you want to apply and / or observe on the screen is selected.

139

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
5. Define Menu: Define

Materials

Properties Sections

Source Mass

Coordenanas Systems and Grid Lines

Restrictions on Joint Boards

Patterns Together

Groups

Cutting Sections

Generalized Displacement

Functions

Load Patterns

Load Case

Load Combinations

Loads on Bridges

Define Views

Set Properties

Set Parameters for Pushover.

Define tables and other features.

140

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 5.1. Materials: Materials.

List of Defined
materials.
Adding a New Material
quickly.

Add
N
ew Material

Modify an Add Copy of a Defined

existing Material Material.

Delete an existing
Material
See Advanced Properties
of Materials.

5.1.1. New Material Quick Add: Add a new material quickly.

Material: Steel.

Types of Steel.

141

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Material: Concrete.

Types of Concrete.

Material: Aluminum

Types of Aluminum.

Material: Cold Formed Steel

Types of Cold Formed Steel

142

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Material: Rebar

Types of Rebar.

Material: Guayas

Types of Guayas

143

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
5.1.2. Add New Material: Adding a New Material

Example: Material Type Steel.

Material Name Color

Type of Material

View or Modify Notes

Units

Weight and Mass

per unit volume

Modulus of elasticity
Isotropic
Properties
Poisson
Coefficient of Thermal
Expansion
Other
Properties Module Court

Originator Minimum Effort

Last Minimal Effort

Originator Effective Effort

Last Effort Cash

See Advanced Properties

144

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 If we choose the option "Switch To Advanced Property Display" get the following:

Material Isotropic, Orthotropic,

and Anisotropic Uniaxial

View and / or modify the

properties of the material

By clicking on "Modify / Show Material Properties" appears a box where we can add, copy,
modify and / or delete the particular properties of the material

Add, copy, modify and / or delete

Modify Material Properties

145

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Selecting "Modify / Show Properties at Selected Temperature" entered a box where you can
modify the parameters for the material including ceding efforts, past efforts, temperature,
modulus of elasticity, coefficient
Poisson, per unit volume, mass per unit volume, properties
advanced weight,
etc.

Weight and mass per unit

volume.

OtherProperties:
Sellers and Latest efforts.

General
Advanced Properties:
PropertiesModules and
Information behavior Nonlinear Damping
Coefficients.
Properties. Thermal Properties

146

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 As corresponding to "Advanced Material Property Data" are:

.- Nonlinear Material Property data: Information Nonlinear Properties.

Types of hysteretic behavior. Elastic,

Kinematic and Takeda

Convert user defined

Parameters set Material

Deformation.

Show Stress-Strain
Diagram

147

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
If the "User Defined" has specified the following:

Values given by the user to define the Stress-Strain

Diagram

148

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
.- Damping Material Properties: Properties of Damping Material

Modal Damping

Proportional Viscous Damping

Proportional damping hysteretic

.- Thermal Properties: Thermal Properties.

Matrix Thermal Conductivity

149

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Example: Material Type Concrete

Material Name Color

Type of Material

View or Modify Notes

Units

Weight and Mass

per unit volume

Modulus of elasticity
Isotropic
Properties
Poisson
Coefficient of Thermal
Other Expansion
Properties Module Court

Seller Effort, f'c

Reduction factor Resistance

concrete lightened by Court
Concrete lightened

See Advanced Properties

150

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 If we choose the option "Switch To Advanced Property Display" get the following:

Material Isotropic, Orthotropic,

and Anisotropic Uniaxial

View and / or modify the

properties of the material

By clicking on "Modify / Show Material Properties" appears a box where we can add, copy,
modify and / or delete the particular properties of the material

Add, copy, modify and / or

delete the properties of the
material

151

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Selecting "Modify / Show Properties at Selected Temperature" entered a box where you can
modify the parameters for the material including Effort F'c Compression resistant,
temperature, modulus of elasticity, coefficient of
Poisson weight per unit volume, mass per unit volume, properties
advanced, etc.

Weight and mass per unit

volume.

Other Properties:
Effort Resistant Compression, Concrete
F'c Lightened and consideration.

General
Advanced Properties:
PropertiesModules and
Information behavior Nonlinear Damping
Coefficients.
Properties. Thermal Properties

152

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 As corresponding to "Advanced Material Property Data" are:

.- Nonlinear Material Property data: Information Nonlinear Properties.

Types of hysteretic behavior. Elastic,

Kinematic and Takeda

Convert user defined

Simple or Confined (Mander)

Parameters set
Material
Deformation.
Show Stress-Strain
Diagram

Confined Concrete (Mander)

153

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
If the "User Defined" has specified the following:

Values given by the user to define the Stress-Strain

Diagram

154

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
.- Damping Material Properties: Properties of Damping Material

Modal Damping

Proportional Viscous Damping

Proportional damping hysteretic

.- Thermal Properties: Thermal Properties.

Matrix Thermal Conductivity

155

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 5.2. Section Properties: Properties of Sections.

5.2.1. Frame Section: Section Gantry elements (beams, columns, etc.)

Import Sections

Add Sections

Copy Sections
List of Sections
Modify Sections

Clear Sections

156

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Define Sections Steel.
Steel Sections

157

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
.- Section Type: I / Wide Flange (Double T)

Section Properties Name

Material

Property modifiers

Overview of Section

Outside height (t3): Total Height.

Top flange width (t2): Width of the top flange.
Top flange thickness (tf): Thickness of the upper
wing. Web thickness (tf): web thickness.
Bottom flange width (t2b): Width of the lower wing.
Bottom flange thickness (tfb): thickness of the bottom flange.

.- Section Type: Channel Section (U)

Section Properties Name of Section

Material

Property modifiers

Outside Depth (t3): Total Height.

Outside flange width (t2): Width of the
wings. Flange thickness (tf): thickness of the
wings. Web thickness (tw): web thickness.

Overview of Section

158

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
.- Section Type: T (T)

Section Properties Name of Section

Material

Property modifiers

Outside stem (t3): Total Height.

Outside flange (t2): Width of the wing.
Flange thickness (tf) flange thickness.
Stem thickness (tw): web thickness.

Overview of Section

.
.- Section Type: Angle (L)

Section Properties Section Name

Material

Property modifiers

Outside Vertical leg (t3): Height of vertical

leg.
Outside the horizontal leg (t2): Horizontal
flange width.
Horizontal leg thickness (tf): Horizontal
flange thickness.
Vertical leg thickness (tw): thickness of the
vertical leg

159

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
.- Section Type: Double Angle (2L)

Section Properties Name of Section

Material

Property
modifiers

Outside depth (t3): Height of vertical wings.

Outside width (t2): Width of the horizontal
wings (includes central space).
Horizontal leg thickness (tf): Horizontal flange
thickness.
Vertical leg thickness (tw): thickness of the
vertical leg
Back to Back Distance (dis) Clearance
between vertical wings

Overview of Section

.- Section Type: Box Tube (Tubes Rectangular)

Section Properties Name of Section

Material

Property
modifiers

Outside depth (t3): Total Height.

Outside width (t2): Total Width.
Flange leg thickness (tf): Thickness of wings
Vert.
Web thickness (tw): Thickness of wings Horiz.

Overview of Section

160

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
.- Section Type: Pipe (Pipes Circular)

Section Properties Name of Section

Material

Property modifiers

Overview of Section

Outside diameter (t3): Outside Diameter.

Wall thickness (tw): Thickness of the sheet.

.- Section Type: Double Channel (Dual Channel)

Section Properties Name of Section

Material

Property modifiers

Outside depth (t3): Total Height of the section.

Outside width (t2): Width of the horizontal
wings (includes central space).
Flange thickness (tf) flange thickness.
Web thickness (tw): web thickness.
Back to Back Distance (dis) Free distance
between Souls.

Overview of Section

161

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
.- Section Type: Joist.
Name of Section

Material

Design Type: Series

Series K or KCS

Capacity parameters

General Parameters:
Width, mass per unit length and inertia.

162

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
.- Section Type "Auto Select List": Set a list of sections to
perfor
m an iterative design Structural Steel.

Section Name

List of Sections to iterate

on the design

Defining the Initial

section.

163

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Define Concrete Sections.
Concrete Sections

164

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
.- Section Type: Rectangular to Beams.

Section Properties Name of Section

Material

Property
modifiers

Depth (t3): Height of the Section.

Width (t2): Section Width.
Reinforc
ement

Overview of Section

Longitudinal Type Steel Type Steel bars

crossbars

Beam type design.

Coating Atop Section. Coating the bottom of the

Section.

Ductile Reinforcement beams: Allows the actual

bending of the section at the ends of the beam
reinforcement, in order to verify the
requirements of ductility associated with a
required seismic performance. Ie Design by
Capacity (ND3)

Top Left: Strengthening the Top End of the Left Girder Top
Right: Strengthening the Top End of the Beam Right Bottom
Left: Bottom Reinforcement on the left end of the beam Bottom
Right: Strengthening Down on the Right End of Beam

165

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Scheme of Arrangement of Real Steel Flexural

As (Top-Left) As (Top-Right)
A B

A B
As (Bottom-Left) As (Bottom-Right)

Section A-A
As (Top-Left)

As (Bottom-Left)

Section B-B

As (Top-Right)

As (Bottom-Right)

166

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
.- Section Type: Rectangular to Columns.
Name of Section
Section Properties

Material

Property
modifiers

Depth (t3): Height of the Section.

Width (t2): Section Width.
Reinforc
ement

Overview of Section

Importantly Longitudinal diameter bar is taken

into account only if the "Be Checked" option, ie,
whether to check the section indicated reinforcing
steel is used.

Design Type Column

Configuration: Rectangular or Circular.

Lateral reinforcement:
Ties (ligatures), Spiral (Straps)

Free bar coating.

Index of parallel bars to Address 3

Index of parallel bars to Address 2

Diameter of Rebar

Diameter of Transverse Reinforcement Bar.

Esp. Long. bars of confinement.

Bar No. Conf. Parallel to the Address 3

Bar No. Conf. Parallel to Address 2

Check: Reinforcement for review from the

default setting
Design: Reinforced design from the default
setting

167

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
.- Section Type: Circle (Circular)

Section Properties Name

Material

Property
modifiers

Diameter (t3): Diameter Section.

Reinforcement

Overview of Section

Importantly Longitudinal diameter bar is taken

into account only if the "Be Checked" option, ie,
whether to check the section indicated reinforcing
steel is used.

Design Type Column

Configuration: Rectangular or Circular.

Lateral reinforcement:
Ties (ligatures), Spiral (Straps)

Free bar coating.

Index of parallel bars to Address 3

Diameter of Rebar

Diameter of Transverse Reinforcement Bar.

Esp. Long. bars of confinement.

Check: Reinforcement for review from

the default setting
Design: Reinforcement design from
default settings

168

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
.- Section Type: Precast I

TYPES OF SECTIONS:

AASHTO I Beam - Type I, AASHTO I Beam - Type II, AASHTO I Beam - Type III AASHTO I
Beam - Type IV, AASHTO I Beam - Type V, AASHTO I Beam - Type VI, AASHTO-PCI Bulb
Tee - Type BT 54, ETC

Name Overview of Section

Material

Section Properties

Property
modifiers
Dimensions of the
Section.

169

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
.- Section Type: Precast U.

TYPES OF SECTIONS:

Caltrans Standard Bath Tub Girder - 1400 mm Depth, Caltrans Standard Bath Tub Girder - 1550 mm Depth,
Caltrans Standard Bath Tub Girder - 1700 mm Depth, Caltrans Standard Bath Tub Girder - 1850 mm Depth,
Caltrans Standard Bath Tub Girder - 2000 mm Depth, ETC

Name Overview of Section

Dimensions of the Section.

Material

Section Properties

Property modifiers

170

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Other: General Sections, no prismatic and Sections Designer.

Other sections

171

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 .- Section Type "Section Designer": Allows you to draw and define sections of any
shape, both reinforced concrete and steel. May arbitrarily include reinforcing steels or,
combination of sections.

Section Name

Material

Type of Design:
No Check / Design: Section analysis only for
General Steel Section: General Section Steel.
Concrete Column: Reinforced Concrete Column.

Check: Reinforcement for review from the

default setting
Design: Reinforced design from the default
setting

Access to the generator

sections

Grid, to generate any section for the

structural analysis and design.

Menu and Screen Icons Units

172

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Movement and Interaction Diagram
Zoom Options. Diagram Moment-Curvature

Properties
Drawing Section.
Tools

Selection Options

Pointers Precision

173

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Moment-Curvature Diagram

Interaction Diagram (Moment vs Axial Load)

174

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 .- Section Type: Nonprismatic (No prismatic).

Change IE22
IOFF

Joff
Change IE33

Absolute Variable Absolute

IOFF L Joff

Where:

• Absolute: The distance is fixed regardless of the length of the linear object, that
is, maintains a fixed absolute value.
• Variable: The distance varies depending on the total length of the linear object
of the absolute distances defined by the element ..

Total = L + L + IOFF Joff

Note: If you define only an absolute length, the other two are modified initially maintaining
its defined proportionality

175

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 As regards the variation of inertia EI33 and EI22, We have:

• Linear: Linear variation. The value of EI33 varies linearly along the length
of the segment.
• Parabolic: Parabolic Variation. The value of varies linearly along the
length of the segment.
• Cubic: Cubic Variation. The value of varies linearly along the length of
the segment.

Note: For EI22 applies equally.

.- Section Type: General

In this format you can enter the particular properties of a section to use in the analysis and structural
design.

176

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Import Sections Steel.

After selecting the type of section (Wide Flange, Pipe, Angle, etc) must go to the folder where
the profiles list that brings the program so
.PRO default c: / Program Files / Computer and Structures / SAP2000 14 and find
sections the

177

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
5.2.2. Tendon Section: Sections for Guayas.

Adding a New Section

Adding copy of a section

List of Modifying an Existing Section

Sections
Delete an Existing Section

Name

As Model Tendon Loads: The guaya only

generates a load of Prestressed or
unincorporated Postensado Losses
included in "Other Losses Parameters".

Tendon as Element Model: The guaya

addition to the burden of Prestressed or
Postensado incorporates losses included in
"Other Losses Parameters".

Material

Specify diameter

Specify Area

Torsional Constant (J)

Moment of Inertia
Effective Cutting Area

Units

178

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
5.2.3. Section Cable: Cables Section.

Adding a New Section

Adding copy of a section

Modifying an Existing Section

List of Sections
Delete an Existing Section

Name

Material

Specify diameter

Specify Area

Torsional Constant (J)

Moment of Inertia

Effective Cutting Area

Units Property Modification Factors

179

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
5.2.4. Section Area: Area sections.

Section Type: Shell, Plane, asolid

Adding a New Section

Adding copy of a section

List of
Sections
Modifying an Existing Section

Delete an Existing Section

Sections of behavior Type: SHELL

Section Name

Types of behavior:
Shell Membrane and Plate

Thin used for thin plates where the deformation

is controlled by bending.
Thick is used for thick plates where deformation
occurs by bending and cutting.

Strengthening and Defining Parameters for Nonlinear

behavior of Shell elements.

Material

Thickness to axial strain

Thickness for bending and deformation Court

Note: This thickness is used to determine the
weight of the item.

View and / or modify the layout parameters of

the reinforcement required in the direction of the
local axes in the elements Area (Shell, Membrane
and Plate)

180

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
If done Click on "Modify / Show Design Parameters Shell" we have the following:

Corresponding to rebar
material.

Refine options Coatings

Longitudinal Steel Reinforcement.

Coating on top of the section, in

direction 1 and 2.

Coating the bottom of the section, in

the direction 1 and 2.

Refine options Coatings Longitudinal Reinforcing Steel:

• If "Default" applies Coatings consider the program as 10% of the height section.
• If "One Layer" is applied coating can be specified at the top of the section, in both directions.
• If "Two Layer" is applied coating can be specified at the top and the lower part section, in
both directions.

Coating Atop
Section.

Coating the lower

section

181

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
If the "Shell-Layered / Nonlinear" "Modify / Show Layer and then you click on
Definition" option is selected will have the following:

Linear and Nonlinear

Layers, distance
Behavior
and defined
thickness.

Generate Form Quick entire definition of

Steels and layers of reinforcement

182

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Rebar arranged in a Define Components (S11, S22, S12)
single layer (Tope) Nonlinear behavior in the plane of the area.
Name

Units

Concrete Material

Behavior outside the

plane: Linear or equal to
that defined in the plane

Material of Rebar. Section

Thickness

Sizes, spacing and coating bar

Unify diameter Number Separation in both Free coating in both

and separation or directions directions
of the bars Diameter

Overview Section. General Plan View

183

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Bars of Define Components (S11, S22, S12)
reinforcement Nonlinear behavior in the plane of the area.
Name layers arranged on both

Units

Concrete Material

Behavior outside the

plane: Linear or equal to
that defined in the plane

Material of Rebar. Section

Thickness

Sizes, spacing and coating bar

Unify diameter Number Separation in both Free coating in both

and separation or directions directions
of the bars Diameter

Overview Section. General Plan View

184

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Reinforcement distance measured Linear and Nonlinear
from the neutral axis of the area. Material Behavior

Generated Layers for Concrete and steel reinforcement in

the butt and the lower part of the section

185

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Shell Element Type.
FEATURES.
3
Elements area three or four nodes. Each Node 5
degrees of freedom with deformation (three
U3 R2 translations U1, U2 and U3 and two rotations R1,
2 R2) are obtained. They are stable independently
U2
loads perpendicular to and in the
1 U1 element plane. Represents the sum of a
R1 Membrane with a plate.

They can be used to model, analyze and design

slabs, walls or plates under bending, shear and axial
Load (Ton / m2) force.

Cutting and
bending
deformation.

Load (Ton)

Axial
Deformation.

Transverse Load (Ton)

Lateral Load (Ton)

Deformation cutting,
bending and axial
force.
186

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Item Type Plate.
3 FEATURES.

Elements area three or four nodes. In each node are

U3 obtained 3 degrees of freedom with deformation
2 R2 (U3 Translation perpendicular to the plane and two
rotations R1 and R2). That is, displacement in the
1 plane U1 and U2 are enabled. The stiffness matrix
R1
element Plate type depends on the modulus of
elasticity and inertia.

If discretized (Mesh) an area of plates and loads

Load (Ton / m2) are applied to generate a deformation in its plane
mechanism is formed. Because of this, each node
generated a discretization must be a support
element in order to limit these deformations.

If discretized (Mesh) an area of plates and is

applied loads which generate only perpendicular
deformations to their plane, they are stable,
because deformations are obtained in their local
axes U3, R1 and R2 where a defined stiffness.

They can be used to model, analyze and design

under massive loads perpendicular to its plane
slabs, through the finite element method.

Flexural and
deformed Court
A mechanism is presented
to loads in its plane.
Stiffness occurs without
displacement.

Load (Ton)

187

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Membrane Element Type.

3 Characteristics.

Elements area three or four nodes. In each

2 Node obtained 2 degrees of freedom with
U2
U1 and U2 deformation in the plane of the element, is
1 namely the displacement perpendicular to the plane
U1 U3 and rotations R1 and R2 are released (no
moments). The stiffness matrix of a membrane type
element is a function of the modulus of elasticity and
your area.

If discretized (Mesh) an area of membranes and

generating loads are applied perpendicular to its
plane deformation, a mechanism is obtained. As a
result, every node generated from a discretization,
there should be a support to limit these deformations.
In the case of ETABS program, if a defined
membrane area type loads are applied perpendicular
to their plane, their stiffness matrix automatically
transforms to a shell-like element in order to
maintain balance.

If discretized (Mesh) membrane area and loads are

applied only to generate deformations in its plane,
they are stable, due to local deformation axes U1 and
U2 where a defined stiffness is obtained.

They can be used to model slabs simply supported

on beams and / or straps under loads perpendicular
to its plane, where the transmission of these loads is
the same across the tributary area method.

If the charges (Ton / m2) perpendicular to the plane

are distributed in a uniform way only loads on the
beams are obtained, but if they are distributed in two
senses loads obtained triangular and / or trapezoidal,
depending on the geometry of the slab.

You Can Use to Analyze and design of Reinforced

Concrete Walls or Metal Plates subjected to a system
of loads in its plane. Links must be joints.

188

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Shell Formulation .- Fina ("Thin Shell Formulation Kirchoff"):

Depending on the thickness / length ratio of the structure, the shear deformation can be negligible
compared to the bending deformation. This is the case if the above ratio is less than 0.05 (i.e., 5%).
This means that the length of the structure is 20 times the thickness, and therefore the workpiece is
relatively thin, ie:

If L / T> 20 then use Shell elements Finos

(Where: L = total length of the area, T = thickness of the element)

Kirchoff formulation was created for cases where the court deformation is negligible, allowing significant
savings of time and computational effort.

Formulation .- Thick Shell ("Shell Thick Mindlin Formulation"):

This applies in the case of considerable thickness Shell elements where cut deformation can not be
neglected compared to the flexural deformation.

If L / T <20, then use elements Shell Thicknesses

Tensions .- Membrane and Bending in THIN SHELL elements:

The SHELL elements have a top surface ("top face") and a lower ("bottom face"). In general the tension in
the upper side are different from the voltages at the underside, unless the structure works with pure axial
forces (ie, forces pure membrane). In pure bending stresses in the upper and lower face are exactly equal in
magnitude but have different meaning: a face working in compression and the other in tension. SHELL
tensions FINE elements (Kirchoff theory) can be decomposed in membrane tension and bending stresses
(shear stresses are neglected since the thickness of the element is small compared with the other dimensions
of the element),

189

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Sections behavioral type: PLANE.

Name

Item Type:

Plane-Stress: Stress Element subjected to

Plano.
Plane-Strain: Plano element subjected to
deformation.

Material

Area Thickness

190

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Sections behavior Type: asolid

Name

Material

Arc angle in
degrees.

191

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
5.2.5. Solid Properties: Properties of Solids.

Adding a New Section

Adding copy of a section

List of Modifying an Existing Section

Sections
Delete an Existing Section

Name

Material

Angulo A, B and C
of the material

192

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
5.2.6. Reinforcing Bar Sizes: Dimensions of Rebar.

Areas of
the bars

Diameter
bars
Add a New Bar

Modify an existing bar

Delete an existing bar

Identification Place Defaults

of the Barra

5.2.7. Hinges Properties: Properties of Joints.

Adding a New Listing

Add copy of an Existing

Modifying an Existing
Defined spherical
Delete an Existing

View Details for Ball Joints

View Properties

193

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Ing. Eliud Hernandez / eliudh5@gmail.com / 58-412-2390553

After selecting the option Add a new property is presented a window where you select the type
of material.

Material for section

Then, specify what will be the type of Hinge and components to consider.

Type Hinge:

Deformation Controlled: Controlled

deformation to ductile failure

Components to Include in
Kneecap

Type Hinge:

Force Controlled (Brittle): Controlled Force to

brittle failure.

Components to Include in
Kneecap

194

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Force Controlled (Brittle): Controlled Force to brittle failure.

Maximum Available Power

Specify a factor depending on the

losing force

Use a specific Force

Acceptable criteria
established for the
Establish a symmetric rotation and / or plastic
behavior Kneecap curvature.

195

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Deformation Controlled (Ductile): controlled deformation for ductile failure

Type:
Parameters for Displacement Control in terms of moments and Moment-Rotation
rotations, for a moment M3 kneecap in a Beam Moment-Curvature

Graph.

Yes is moment should be

Curvaturused to specify tude of
the the patella
Longi
Scale Factor for moments, rotations and
/ or curvatures Sellers.

Acceptable criteria established for

the rotation and / or plastic
curvature.

196

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
CASE 1: We emphasize that the values Moment Assignor and Assignor's rotation
determined by the program based on established section steel or concrete with rebar as
shown in Fig.

Sellers Moment and Rotation determined by

the program.

In this case the value of Scale "SF" used by the program are the Moments and Rotations
Sellers determines internally. In the practical case, if the user owns and Moment-Rotation
diagram of the section you need to do is divide by My and θy and enter the resulting values.

Mu M/ Mu / My
M My

My 1

Mr Mr / My

θy θu θ 0 θu / θy θ / θy

Timing / Seller Moment Rotation / Rotation Seller

197

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
CASE 2: It specifies that the value determined by the Originator Moment program based
on the established steel or concrete with rebar section, and assume that the transferor
rotation is equal to 1.00, as shown in Figure .
Seller moment defined by the
program.

Seller Unitary Rotation

In this case the values of Scale "SF" using the program are determined internally and
assignor Seller Moment rotation value equal to 1.00. In the practical case, if the user owns
the Moment-rotation diagram of the section you need to do is
dividing the resulting between My and to rotations subtract θy and enter the values
moments.

Mu M/ Mu / My
M My

My 1

Mr Mr / My

θy θu θ 0 θu-θy θ-θy

Timing / Seller Moment Rotation - Rotation Seller

198

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
5.3. Mass Source: Source Masa.

Definition Mass:
CASE 1 From Element and Additional Masses: Dead
weight and additional masses.
From Loads: Loadings
From Element and Additional Masses and
Loads: Dead weight, additional charges and
masses.

Multiplier Factor for load case. That is, the

program loads a mass transforms using a factor
from 0 to 1.00

IMPORTANT: If the second option

"From Loads" is chosen, the load case
"PP" to contemplate the mass own weight
must be included.
Load Mass participation factor.
Case

Definition Mass:
CASE 2 From Element and Additional Masses: Dead
weight and additional masses.
From Loads: Loadings
From Element and Additional Masses and
Loads: Dead weight, additional charges and
masses.

Multiplier Factor for load case. That is, the

program loads a mass transforms using a factor
from 0 to 1.00

IMPORTANT: If the third option "From

Load Mass participation factor. Element and Additional Masses and
Case Loads", is chosen must not include the
load case "PP" and I is taken into account
directly.

199

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 From Element and Additional Masses: Mass Sets the weight of the structure and the
additional mass added to the model.

Loads From: Defines the mass loads. In this option you can specify the charges which are
required to obtain the mass of the structure. For each load case a factor ranging from 0 to 1
Importantly, this option can incorporate the weight "PP" as a burden to participate as mass
is established.

From Element and Additional Masses and Loads: Defines the mass due to the weight of
the structure, and the added burdens imposed by the masses. For each load case must be set
incorporated a factor ranging from 0 to 1 is important stresses that this option should not
add the weight "PP" since it is included in condition "From Element".

200

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
5.4. Coordinate System / Grids: Coordinate Systems and pipe lines Grid

Add a New System

Add one copy of one System

existing.
Modify an existing system.

Delete an existing system.

Convert an existing system to a

General Grid lines

201

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
If you select the "Convert to overall Grid" option and click on "Modify / Show System"
walked to a window where we can redefine Grid lines or add other coordinates from facing
the possibility of diagonal lines.

Line Type: Straight or Arc.

Coordinates of two points to define the

orientation of the Grid.

202

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
5.5. Joint Constraints: Restrictions on Joint Meetings. Its application to establish a
reduction of degrees of freedom.

Constraint Types

Add a new Constraint

Add a Constraint copy.
Deleting a Constraint defined.

Constraint Defined

Constraint Body: Genera that all seams including moving together as a three-
dimensional rigid body. By definition, all degrees of freedom in each joint connected part.
However, the user can select a set of degrees of freedom that would be subject to the
constraint.

Diaphragm Constraint: Genera included all joints move together as a flat diaphragm
that is rigid against membrane deformations. Indeed, all joints are connected by links that are
rigid in the plane, but do not affect the out of plane deformation (plate). It applies when a
plane the elements of the structure together have a significant stiffness in terms of the model
being analyzed, yielding an overall behavior as a rigid body in the plane, relative to a center
of mass.

Constraint Plate: Genera included all joints move together as a plate that is rigid against
bending deformation. Indeed, all joints are connected together by links that are rigid to bending
out of the plane, but do not affect the deformation in the plane (membrane).

Rod Constraint: Genera included all joints move together as a straight bar that is rigid
against axial deformation. Indeed, all joints maintain a fixed distance from each other in the
direction parallel to the axis of the bar, but normal translation axis and all rotations are
unaffected.

203

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Beam Constraint: Genera included all joints move together as a straight beam that is
rigid against bending deformation. Indeed, all joints are interconnected by links that are rigid
to deformation outside the axis, but do not affect the translations along or rotation about the
axis.

Equal Constraint: Genera included all joints move together with the same
displacement for each selected degree of freedom, taken in the local coordinate system of the
constraint. The other degrees of freedom are not affected.

Local Constraint: Genera included all joints move together with the same
displacement for each selected degree of freedom, taken separately in the local coordinate
system of the joint. The other degrees of freedom are not affected.

Weld Constraint: Connect different parts of the structural model is defined

separately using meshes.

204

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
5.6. Section Cut: Cutting Sections.
When a "cut section" applies in a particular group, are obtained for the resulting system of
loads acting on the group

Add a new Section Cut

Add copy of one Section of
Court
Deleting an Existing Court Section

Section of Court Defined

Once we add one new "Section Cut" we have:

Selected Group.

CASE 1: Results format according to

local axes.

Orientation of local axes to the

results of the analysis.

Definition Advanced of
Orientation of
Local Axes.

205

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
If done check the "Advanced Axes" option and then click on "Advanced" will have the
following:

Defining reference Defining reference

vector in the axial vector in the plane.
direction.

206

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Selected Group.

Side where the Force is reported.

CASE 2: Results format according to the

convention of Design.

Orientation of local axes to the

results of Section Cut for a
behavior type WALL (Wall)

Orientation of local axes to the

results of Section Cut for a
spandrel-like behavior (Lintel)

Orientation of local axes to the

results of Section Cut for SLAB
type behavior (Losa)

207

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Convention Signs and Distribution of Forces for loads elements with Plane to
type behavior WALL Area and spandrel

M3-3

V2-2

U3 U1

U2

WALL WALL

V2-2
M3-3

Spandrel

V2-2 U2
M3-3

N N

U1
M3-3 V2-2
U3

Spandrel

208

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Convention Signs and Distribution of Forces Perpendicular to Plane loads for elements with
type behavior WALL Area and spandrel

M2-2

V3-3
U3
U1
U2

WALL

WALL

M2-2 V3-3

Spandrel N

U2
M2-2 M2-2
U1

N N

V3-3 V3-3
U3

Spandrel

209

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 5.7. Functions: Spectral and Time-history functions.

5.7.1. Response Spectrum: Spectral functions.

Add a Wraith based on

international standards or from a
file

Add Preset Spectrum

Modify an existing spectrum

Delete an existing spectrum

Spectra Defined

210

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Type: from File (Add a spectrum from file.txt)

Search the Archive Name Damping Factor

Period vs vs Frequency

Acceleration Acceleration

Convert a User Defined Address File

View the Archive

Show Graphic

If the "Convert to User Defined" option is chosen file.txt data are added permanently to
your model, as shown below.

211

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Name Damping Factor

Period vs Acceleration

Periods and accelerations can be

modified or eliminated. Moreover,
they can also be added to extend the
range values

212

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Time History: Functions Time-History

Adding a function of a
predetermined list or from a file

Add a new function

Modify an existing function

Delete an existing function

Defined Functions

Definition of Cosine .- "Cosine" function as an example.

Name

Parameters

Table of
Values

Plots of
the
function

213

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
5.8. Load Patterns: Patterns load.

Add, Edit and / or Delete

. Multiplier Patterns loads
own weight

Automatic
Lateral Load
Load Patterns Typ Pattern
e

Note: In this case only a multiplier of own weight equal or greater than 1.00 in the "PP"
DEAD type is incorporated. Other cases should be "0" in the "Self Weight Multiplier" not
contemplate the weight again.

For the load case type SXE QUAKE "Earthquake Static X", there are several options:

User Loads (SXE-1): This option directly apply loads per floor.

User Coefficient (SXE-2): This option will apply coefficients for static seismic load

(SXE-3): one of the Presets Standards (2005 NBCC, IBC2000, IBC2003, NEHRP
97, UBC 97, BOCA 96, ETC) Select. In this setting the parameters of the rules for the
application of static seismic loading is define.

214

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
CASE 1: "User Loads"

Coordinates of the point of

Diaphragm forces application of force

Diaphragm

Level (Z) Use a specific point of

application of force

Apply to the Eccentricity Factor

Mass centers Additional Accidental.

CASE 2: "User Coefficient"

Address and Eccentricities Seismic Coefficient

Exposure coefficient based on the

Height of Structure

Height range for Lateral

load.

215

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
CASE 3: For the Standard UBC-97 as an example, it holds:

Address and Eccentricities

Factor of Eccentricity
applied to the diaphragms

Refine Eccentricities for each

diaphragm length values.

Estimation the period of the

structure

216

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Lifting range to be considered in
estimating the height of the
structure.

Factor "R" of reduced response

Seismic Coefficients

Soil Type

Seismic Zone Factor

Factor "Ca"

Factor "Cv"

Factor of the near source.

Importance Factor.

217

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
5.9. Load Cases: Case Load.
Add, Copy, Modify and / or
Clear Case loads

See Load Case

Load Case Typ diagrammatic
e

Example: permanent load Case "CP" In this case the loading pattern includes SCP and
PP.

Consider Zero Initial conditions for

applying this load case Load Case Type: Static

218

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Example: Load Case defined by a spectrum "SX-SPECTRAL".

Modal Combination Methods:

CQC: Complete Quadratic Combination Type: "Response Spectrum"
Name SRSS: Square Root Squared values

Directional Combination Methods:

SRSS: Square Root Squared values Absolute:
Absolute values by a factor of Scale

Modes for analysis using

U1: U2 X Scale Factor which includes

Address: Address the acceleration of gravity Excitation
Y U3: Address Z and the correction factor of Angle
baseline survey

Acceleration Spectrum

Typical Modal Damping Modifying the Modal Damping

of Structure.

219

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Method of Modal Combination "CQC" Complete Quadratic Combination

In this expression, r represents a specific response to the earthquake in a definite direction

and responses are in each mode iyja this earthquake, which must
be taken with the sign associated with the mode shape; and are
the frequencies of the respective modes is the damping ratio from the critical,
which must be equal to 5% (typical case). Note that in the above expression N is representing
the number of modes used in combination, and not the number of floors of the building.

In the case of systems with well-spaced frequencies, this approach tends to classic
combination given by the square root of the sum of squares "SRSS" of each maximum modal.

Example: Equivalent Static Analysis (Pushover)

Consider the following gantry in the XZ plane subjected to lateral loads (LAT) and to
gravitational loads such, as shown in Fig.

Board 5: A monitor in
Analysis

5000 Ux

4000

3000

2000

1000

220

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
First a case of Gravitational Nonlinear Load "CG-NL" is defined as below.
shown

Load Case: CG-NL Static Analysis

Load patterns incorporated

with scale factors to
contemplate prior to lateral
gravitational action
distortions generated by
Pushover

221

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Then a case of Nonlinear Lateral Load "Pushover," which begins defined in
then deformed Nonlinear gravitational case "CG-NL" as shown to
end.

Load Case: The load case "Pushover" then starts the

PUSHOVER final state of the case load Not Static Analysis

The load pattern where

lateral strength needed to
perform the join Pushover is
Included.

For this case it is necessary to modify the

parameters of load application, save steps and the
method used in the numerical approximation.

222

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Settings "Load Aplication".

Application Control Load

Displacement

Magnitude of the maximum displacement to where

it will do the analysis.

Perform analysis to address. U1: E Board to be taken as a reference

X. to achieve the maximum lateral
U2: U3 Address displacement specified.
Y: Address Z

Settings "Load Aplication".

"Multiple States" is specified

for the program we present the
results in stages.

223

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Configuration "Nonlinear Parameters".
Parameters for the Numerical
Solution.

Download Method in spherical.

• Unload Entire Structure: Download the whole structure to find a point of failure
• Apply Local Redistribution: Redistribution Apply locally to find a point of failure
• Subtract Using Secant Stiffness: Restart with the secant stiffness of the structure to find a
point of failure

224

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Example: Function Analysis with Time-History (Time History)

Consider a structure based on columns, beams and slab of thickness 20 cm, with an idealized
type Thin-Shell element, subjected to gravitational loads. In the central area of the slab an
Engine generates vertical accelerations Main Character harmonic (sinusoidal) is located.

Location of Equipment

Location of Equipment

NOTE: The computer "Motor" should have a weight and mass known to enter these values in
the program and thus perform dynamic analysis according to their type of excitation versus
time.

225

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Initial Conditions Type: "Time History"
Name Analysis.

Methods of Analysis:
Modes for analysis using Modal analysis or by
direct integration.

U1: U2 X
Address: Address Scale Factor which includes
Y U3: Address Z the acceleration of gravity.

Acceleration
Function

Typical Modal Damping Cycle Information

of Structure.

226

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Example: Buckling

Consider a column in double T section steel elements shaped recessed area and the base. A
unit at each node of the upper end load is applied then a buckling analysis where the program
reports we scale factor of the total feed introduced under every buckling mode is performed,
to obtain the critical load case for each .
Name
Type: "Buckling"

Load the pattern where the

forces applied at the nodes
are incorporated (Together) is
Included

Number to Analyze Buckling Modes

1 Kg / node.
Total = 19 Kg
Factor of the first mode of
buckling: 1978.72

Critical Buckling Load:

Q = 19 x 1978.72 = 37595.68 Kg Kg

227

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
5.10. Load Combinations: Load Combinations.

Adding a New Combination

Adding a copy of Combination

Modify or View a COMBINATION

Deleting a combination

Add Default
layout
Convert cases Nonlinear
combinations.
Combinations.

If we choose to add a new combination "Add New Combo", we get:

Name

Combination Type:

Add Linear, Envelope, Absolute Add,

SRSS, Range Add

Load patterns incorporated

in combination with scaling
factors majorization or
reduction as appropriate.

228

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Types of Matching:

• Linear Add: All results of cases or combinations are multiplied by the factor and
summed including its sign. This type of combination is used to contemplate or gravitational
loads, wind seismic (spectra).

• Envelope: an envelope of maximum and minimum load cases defined for each outcome or
element combinations are evaluated and points. The load cases that give the maximum and
minimum are used to this combination, so that the load combo has two values for each result and
points of elements. Such a combination can be used for moving loads and other load case where
the load required to produce the maximum or minimum force or effort.

• SRSS. All results of cases or combinations are added using the square root of the squared
values.

• Absolute Add. All results of cases or combinations always add positively.

• Add Range. It has a "Maximum" report from the sum of the maximum positive values
that contribute (a case with a Negative Max value contributes not). On the other hand, has in
turn a negative report from the minimum sum of the negative minimum values (one case with
a Maximum Positive value contributes not).

If we choose the option "Add Default Design Combos" is presented as follows:

The type of design that

correspond to combinations
generate is selected by
reference to the standard
previously established

229

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
5.11. Property Named Sets:

5.11.1. Frame Modifiers: Modifiers property for elements gantry

"Frame"

Through this option you can

place factors that multiply
the basic properties for
girders: Beams, Columns
and Struts.

230

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
5.11.2. Area Modifiers: Modifiers Area Properties for items.

Through this option you can

place factors that multiply
the basic properties for area
elements: Shell, Membrane
and Plate.

5.11.3. Frame Releases: Liberation forces and / or moments at the ends of elements Portals
"Frame".

231

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
5.12. Pushover Sets Parameters: Parameters to Define Pushover.

5.12.1. Force vs Displacement: Configuration Identification Basal vs Displacement curve

Court pursuant to generate Pushover.

232

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
5.12.2. ATC 40 Capacity Spectrum: Configuring Spectrum Capacity to generate
and Demand parameters, according to the ATC 40 Standard.

Type to Generate Charts

Spectral Function

233

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
5.12.3. FEMA 356 Coefficient Method: Setting parameters to generate demand by the
method of coefficients, under Rule FEMA 356.

Spectral Function

Application
Spectr
um of
Standar
d FEMA
356ctral

234

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
5.12.4. FEMA 440 Equivalent Linearization: Parameter settings for
generating capacity curves under and demand an equivalent linear approximation,
Rule FEMA 440.

Type to Generate Charts

Spectral Function

235

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
5.12.5. Equivalent Displacement Modificaction FEMA 440: Setting parameters to
define the demand with the proposed amendment in Rule FEMA 440.

Spectral Function

Application
Spectru
m of
Standar
d FEMA
356ctral

236

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
6. Draw Menu: Draw

Selection Mode

Redraw Elements

Draw a Special Board

Draw Frame elements, Cables and Guayas

Quick Draw Frame Element, Cables and Guayas.

Draw Struts

Draw High beams or belts.

Draw an area across a polygon.

Draw a rectangular area

Quick drawing of rectangular areas.

Draw Solids.

Draw a board Link

Draw Link Two Together

Quick drawing of Link

Draw a cross section

Draw an Elevation in Development.

Draw a Landmark

Draw and / or Edit a general reference line

Pointers Precision

New Tags

237

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
6.1. Draw Frame / Cable / Tendon: Draw Gantry elements "Frame" cables and Guayas,
from two points (Applies to plants, elevations and 3D.

Line Type.
Type Section
Ball joints or recessed
Distance perpendicular to the plane

Control Drawing:
Nothing.
Parallel to X
Parallel to and at an
angle Parallel Fixed
Length
Fixed Length and angle
distance in X and Y

Point 2
Point 1 and then point
2 is dialed.

Point 1

Point 2 1) Point 1 is marked

L
2) Option is selected in Drawing
Angulo Control Type.
3) The length and angle of the elements
specified concerning X
Item 1 4) You click on the screen and the line
is drawn.

238

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Point 2

dv 1) Point 1 is marked
2) Option is selected in Drawing
Control Type.
dh Point 1
3) Lengths are specified dh and dv
4) You click on the screen and the line
is drawn.

6.2. Quick Draw Frame / Cable / Tendon: Fast drawing elements gantry
"Frame" cables and Guayas, in a region by clicking (Applies to plants,
elevations and 3D).

Line Type.
Type Section
Ball joints or recessed
Distance perpendicular to the plane

Is marked with the pointer Grid Line and

the item is automatically drawn in the XY
plane.

239

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
6.3. Quick Draw Secondary Beams: High Beams fast drawing in a region (grid) by
clicking (Applies only to XY plane).

Option 1:

Type Section
Ball joints or recessed
Type 1: Number of Beams
Number of secondary beams

Orientation:
Parallel to Parallel Tangent X or
Y or radial axis perpendicular to
the nearest

Option 2:

Type Section
Ball joints or recessed
Type 2: Maximum Spacing
Maximum spacing

Orientation:
Parallel to Parallel Tangent X or
Y or radial axis perpendicular to
the nearest

It is marked with the pointer in the space

3 secondary beams bounded by the grid lines are automatically
parallel to Y drawn and secondary beams in the selected
direction.

Example of an area bounded by the

lines of the Grid.

2 parallel to X
Secondary beams

240

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
6.4. Quick Draw Braces: Fast drawing Struts in a region (grid) by clicking (Applies
only to planes XZ and YZ)

6.4.1. Bracing X (Cross of Saint Andrew)

Type Section
Ball joints or recessed
Type X: Cruz de San Andrés

6.4.2. Bracing Inverted V (V Reversed)

Type Section
Ball joints or recessed
Type inverted V: V Reversed

Eccentricities:
Centre, Left and Right

6.4.3. Bracing V (V)

Type Section
Ball joints or recessed
Type V: V

Eccentricities:
Centre, Left and Right

241

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
6.4.4.

Type Section
Ball joints or recessed
Back ECCEN type: Diag. The Left

Eccentricities: Left and

Right

6.4.5. Bracing Forward ECCEN (Diagonal to the Right)

Type Section
Ball joints or recessed
Type ECCEN Forward: Diag. To the Right

Eccentricities: Left and

Right

Type "V" Type "ECCEN It is marked with the pointer in the

Forward" space bounded by the grid lines and
braces according to the selected type
are automatically drawn.

Type "ECCEN Back"

Type "X"

Example of an area bounded by

Type "V-
the lines of the Grid.
Reversed"

242

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
6.5. Areas Poly Draw: Draw Areas Plans, Elevations and 3D model from three or
more points.

Type Section of the local

axis orientation

Control Drawing:
Nothing.
Parallel to X
Parallel to and at an
angle Parallel Fixed
Length
Fixed Length and angle distance in X
and Y

Item 4 Item 3
Route selection points
to generate the area.

Point 1 Point 2

6.6. Draw Rectangular Areas: Draw Rectangular Areas (Applies for Plans,
Elevations and 3D) through a drag.

It is marked with the pointer at the

intersection of Grids (2-A) "Item 1" and
the area you drag to the intersection of
Grids (4-C) "Point 2". In doing so the
area is generated in the defined space.
Type Section.

Point 2

Point 1

243

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
6.7. Quick Draw Quick Draw rectangular Areas Areas clicking on a region (grid).

Type Section.

It is marked with the pointer in the space

bounded by the grid lines and the area is
automatically drawn.

6.8. Draw Developed Elevation Definition: To draw a user defined elevation. In this
option you can select a route plan for obtaining a porch arbitrarily

Adding a New View

244

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Once the label that identifies the view to generate standing, we proceed to check off
point to point the path to define a particularly elevated. select that view must Then for
go to the View Menu / Set Named View.

3
Elevation Generation "V1"

1 2

Perimeter Red represents the

selected route for the development
of the elevation

6.9. Reference point Draw: Draw a point of reference on a point (Board).

Relative distance X

Relative distance Y

245

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
6.10. Section Cut Draw: Draw a section of Court.
This option allows for the resultant forces for selected elements (beams, columns, Struts,
walls, slabs, etc) for a given load or combination of loads. To Get a cross section must first
see on screen diagrams solicitations (which is required) for any system of loads, and
then go to the Draw / Draw Section Cut and pass a line intersecting elements
menu
involved.

Results of Court Section

Cross Section

Moments M 2-2

Resulting Forces

V Cortes 2-3

Cross Section
Resulting Forces

246

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Diagram Cortes
Columns and Beams
for Earthquake X

Cross Section

Coordinates of Court
Section

Location of
the
Resulting forces.

Resulting Forces Resulting Forces

(Right Side) (Left Side)

Force (1): Resultant force in the direction of the Court section.

Force (2): Resultant force in the direction perpendicular to the plane containing
Court section.
Force (Z): Z Resultant Force
Moment (1): Resultant moment about the axis of the section of Court. Moment
(2): Resultant moment about the axis perpendicular to the plane containing a
section of Court
Moment (Z): Resultant Moment about Z axis

247

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
6.11. Draw General Reference Line: Drawing a General Reference Line.

Draw a line of general reference

Once the label that identifies the line to generate standing, proceeds to go point to point
marking the path to define it in a particular way. Then to select that view must go to the View
Menu / Set Named View.

4
5

3
Generation Line "LR1"

1 2

Perimeter Red represents the

selected route for the development
of general reference line

248

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
6.12. Snap To: Pointers Precision.

Grid Intersection and points

Final Line and midpoints

Intersection of Objects.

Projection perpendicular

Lines and Axes.

High precision grid

6.13. New Labels: New Tags

249

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
7. Select Menu Select

Select Deselect.

Select using Tables

Invert Selection.

Taking the previous selection

Clear the selection.

7.1. Select: Select.

250

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
7.2. Poly: Selection through a Traverse.
Example: Consider a 3D structure formed by Frame elements. Then, draw a polygon
enclosing some objects, such as shown in Fig.

Route Selection.

The locked objects are

selected only within the
polygon

251

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
7.3. Intersecting Poly: Selection through the intersection with a Traverse.

Example: Consider a 3D structure formed by Frame elements. Then, draw a polygon

intersecting some objects, as shown in Fig.

Route Selection.

All intersected at directrix or

ends, drawn by polygonal
objects are selected.

252

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
7.4. Intersecting Line: Selection by the intersection of a line.
Example: Consider a structure in the XY plane then Frame formed elements.
draw a line that intersects some objects.

Line drawn for

selection.
All intersected at directrix line
drawn by the objects are
selected.

253

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8. Menu Assign: Assign.

Allocations to Boards
Assignments to elements Porch
Allowance for Cables Elements
Assignments to Guayas Elements
Assignments to Area Elements

Assignments for Solid Elements

Loads on Boards
Loads elements Porch
Loads Cables Elements
Loads elements Guayas

Loads Area Loads Solid

Elements Elements

Assign patterns Boards

Assign a Group
Update all properties of spherical

Clean the screen Assignments

Generate a copy of Assignments
Paste Assignments

254

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.1. Joint: Assign different types of properties and restrictions Boards.

General Restrictions.

Restrictions conditional Links

Elastics (Springs) Punctual Bodies.

Rotation of Local Axes Settings panel

Tolerance Zone between meetings.

8.1.1. Restraints: General Restrictions.

Restriction Translations and

rotations based on the local axes of
the Board.

Default Restrictions

Recess Roller Simple Node

Articulation

255

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.1.2. Springs: Links Elastics (springs).

Local Orientation Global Orientation

Advanced Option Advanced Option

Elastic Links "Spring" based on Elastic Links "Spring" based on

the Local Axes the Global Axes.

Translation 1: Stiffness 1 Translation X: X Translation

Translation 2: Stiff 2 And Stiffness: Stiff Y Z
Translation 3: Stiffness in Translation: Stiff Z
3 Rotation About X: X Rotation Stiffness
About Rotation 1: Stiffness About Rotation around About Y: Y Rotation Stiffness about
around X 2: Stiffness around Y Rotation Z About: Stiffness about Z
About 3: Stiffness about Z

256

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.1.3. Mass: Mass for Points (Translational and Rotational).

Local Orientation Global Orientation

Translational mass
Translational mass

Rotational Mass Rotational Mass

257

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.1.4. Local Axes: Rotation of Local Axes.

Rotation around the Z axis

Rotation about the Y axis

Rotation about X axis

258

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.1.5. Panel Zone: Zone Panel (Properties and Connectivity).

Elastic Properties of Column

Elastic Properties of Double Column

using plates.

Specific Springs Properties: Stiffness

Moment / rotation.

Nonlinear Properties and Considerations

Connectivity Analyzed:

Beams with other Struts elements with

other elements

Local Shaft: Column or an angle

Options: Replace or Remove Existing

Panel Zones.

259

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.2. Frame: Assign Properties to Elements Porch "Frame"

Assign Sections to "Frame" Elements. Assign

Modifiers Properties.

Rewrite Material Properties

Restriction or Liberation forces at the ends

/ partial stiffness with springs.

Local axes orientation Reverse

Connectivity

Assign a Stiff Length in the Extreme

Insert a Reference Point (eccentricities)

Assign Fire Protection

Set point for output data

Forces for P-Delta Effect

Lines Assign loads Bridges

Setting Limits Compression and Traction.

Assign Joints for Inelastic Analysis.

Assign springs per unit length

Assign Mass per unit length

Assign Material Temperature Changes Auto

Assign an Internal Division

Note: To assign properties to elements "Frame" is pre-selected must be

objects on screen.

260

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.2.1. Frame Sections: Assigning sections to elements Gantry "Frame". Apply
directly Beams, Columns and Struts.

Sections

8.2.2. Property Modifiers: Modifiers assign properties to elements Porch "Frame". Apply
directly to Beams, Columns and Struts.

Thick Area

Area Court Address 2

Area Court Address 3

Torsional Constant J

Moment of Inertia I2-2

Moment of Inertia I3-3

Mass

Weight

261

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.2.3. Material Property Overwrites: Lets Redefine properties Gantry elements
"Frame". Apply directly to Beams, Columns and Struts.

Using Material defined in the section.

Redefining Material

8.2.4. Releases: Restriction or Liberation forces in elements Porch "Frame". Apply

directly to Beams, Columns and Struts.

Liberation Forces at the

Extremes.

Partial rigidity must be

specified at the ends of the
element to the selected
force or moment.

Graphical Representation
of elements Releases

262

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.2.5. Local Axes: Changing Local Axes Gantry elements "Frame". Apply
directly to Beams, Columns and Struts.

Angle in degrees.

Advanced Option

Example for Advanced Option: Consider a 3D structure with a sloping roof. The idea is to
turn the straps to put them in the correct orientation.

Board No. 9

Board No. 2

Original Orientation of
Local Axes

263

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
After Belt chose Select the "Advanced" option and have the following:

Advanced

Plano 1-3: Match Local Axis 3 belt with axis 1 of

the main beam. Axis 1 is the vector formed
between the two selected joints.

Vector of reference defined by two

Juntas.

Boards

Local Axes Orientation

property

264

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.2.6. Reverse Conectivity:
Reverse connectivity elements Porch "Frame", ie, change the node i by node J. Apply directly
to Beams, Columns and Struts.

8.2.7. End (Lenght) Offset:

Rigid length at the ends of elements Porch "Frame" to contemplate the
Actual dimensions of members to connect and thereby resulting Light on Self
analysis. Apply directly to Beams, Columns and Struts.

Automatic Connectivity

Set Lengths

Stiffness Factor (0 to 1) at the

end.

Free Light Tranche

265

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.2.8. Insertion Points:
Lets Change Orientation to the local axes at the ends of elements Porch "Frame" to
contemplate eccentricities unions. Apply directly to Beams, Columns and Struts.

BASELINE for aligning the element to any

notable point of the section, for example, at the
top, the centroid, right, left, etc.

Symmetry around the local axis 2

Eccentricity from Benchmark. Coordinate

System: Local or global

End i: Start End Node j element:

Element End Node

1, 2 and 3 show local axes. Distance of

eccentricity in the box is introduced.

No Change Element stiffness

generated by the eccentricity

Some Notable Points

266

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 It can generate a lateral displacement of the
beam with respect to the column indicating
an equal distance in nodes i and j in the
shaft 3, and taking the TOP CENTER
option. This would achieve the alignment
of the beam with the front and turn the
beam is flush to the top of mezzanine

8.2.9. Output Station:

Sets output points / Analysis Gantry elements "Frame" to get a larger or smaller number of
results per object. Apply directly to Beams, Columns and Struts.

Maximum Number of spacing for stations

output.

Minimum Number of spacing for stations

output.

Add number of exit points for analysis and

design. At the intersection with other
elements.

Add number of exit points for analysis and

design, where concentrated loads occur.

267

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.2.10. Tension / Compression Limits:
Sets Limits of Compression and Traction elements Gantry "Frame". Apply directly to Beams,
Columns and Struts.

8.2.11. Hinges:
Assign any distance spherical elements directly Beams, Gantry "Frame". Apply
Columns and Struts.

Relative distances to locate the

spherical

Defined spherical type.

Note: The "Auto" option generates default
bearings under Rule FEMA 356

268

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Example: Assigning a Tie in Reinforced Concrete Beams through the "Auto" option
under the law to Rule FEMA 356.

Distance Relative location of

plastic hinges

FEMA 356 Table used

Modify and / or View Properties

Definition of Court

Confined Section

Amounts of
Reinforcement Ratio

Parameters for defining Moment Diagram / Tie Plastic rotation as FEMA 356

269

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Table 6-7 of FEMA 356

270

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Example: Assigning A Concrete Tie-Columns option "Auto" Arm through
under the law to Rule FEMA 356.

Distance Relative location of

plastic hinges

FEMA 356 Table used

Modify and / or View Properties

Definition of Court

Confined Section

Parameters for defining Moment Diagram / Tie Plastic rotation as FEMA 356

271

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Table 6-8 of FEMA 356

8.2.12. Line Springs:

Assign springs per unit length in elements Porch "Frame". Apply directly to Beams, Columns
and Struts.

Elastic stiffness value

link "Spring"

Elastic Behavior Vinculo

"Spring"

Add, Replace and Delete Links

elastic "springs"

272

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.2.13. Mass Line:
Assign Mass per unit length in elements Porch "Frame". Apply directly to Beams, Columns
and Struts.

Mass per unit length

Add, Replace and Delete Bodies

8.2.14. Material Temperature:

Assigns temperature changes in elements directly Beams, Gantry "Frame". Apply
Columns and Struts.

Temperature

273

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.2.15. Automatic Frame Mesh:
Assigns an internal division (Mesh) automatically Gantry elements
"Frame" for different condition. Applied directly to beams, columns and
Struts.

Not generate any Division

automatically.

Generate a Division in the

Middle of the element.

Generate a division of the intersection

with other elements.

Set a Minimum or Maximum Number of

Segments.

274

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.3. Cable: Cables Assign property.

NOTE: The application of these properties are performed in the same way as elements
Gantry "Frame" explained above.

8.4. Tendon: Assign property Guayas.

NOTE: The application of these properties are performed in the same way as elements
Gantry "Frame" explained above.

275

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.5. Area: Assign Properties to Elements Area.

Assign Sections

Assign Modifiers Rigidities

Redefining Material Properties

Redefining Thickness Area.

Modify Local Axes

Reversing the Local Axis 3

Assign Springs

Assign Bodies

Assign temperature changes

Assign an Internal Meshing

Generate Constraints on Axes

8.5.1. Sections:
Assign sections to elements Area. Apply directly to slabs, ramps and walls.

List of Previously Defined Sections

276

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.5.2. Area Stiffness Modifiers:
Assign factors to modify directly slabs, stiffness elements Area. Apply
ramps and walls.

Membrane: Modify the

parameters defining the
rigidity in the plane.

Bending: Modify the

parameters defining the
bending stiffness.

Shear: Modify the parameters

defining stiffness Court.

Mass: Mass
Amendment.

Weight: Weight
Changes

8.5.3. Overwrites Material Property Area:

To redefine the properties of elements Material Area. Apply directly to slabs, ramps and
walls.

Using Material defined in the section.

Redefining Material

277

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.5.4. Thickness Overwrites Area:
To redefine the thickness at each joint in Area elements. Apply directly to slabs, ramps and
walls.

These arrows allow to

locate the next point.

Redefining the Points Area.

Area thickness at the
thickness at
point indicated.
each point of
the Area

Redefine the position Points Area.

Distance to move the
of the neutral axis at
neutral axis at each
each point of the
point indicated.
Area

278

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Example: Consider a 0.25 m thick Area steadily.

3
4

279

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.5.5. Local Axes:
Modification of Local Area axes elements. Apply directly to slabs, ramps and walls.

Angle in degrees.

Advanced Option

8.5.6. Reverse Local 3:

Reversing the local axis 3 Area elements. Apply directly to slabs, ramps and
in Muros.

Maintain Global Assignments in

the same orientation

Maintain Global Assignments in

the same orientation

8.5.7. Temperatures Material:

Assign Changes in temperature ramps Area elements. Apply directly to slabs,
and walls.

Temperature value

280

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.5.8. Springs Area:
Assign elements of Springs Area. Apply directly to slabs, ramps and walls.

Spring stiffness
(modulus of ballast)

Spring Behavior.

Tension and Compression

Compression only. (Requires a
Nonlinear Analysis)
Only Drive. (Requires of an
Analysis Nonlinear)

Spring location.
In the faces 1, 2, 3, 4, Top or
Bottom Area.

Spring address.

Units

8.5.9. Mass Area:

Mass Assign elements of Area. Apply directly to slabs, ramps and walls.

Mass

281

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.5.10. Automatic Area Mesh: Divide automatically Areas (Internal Mesh).

Divide Areas indicating a number of objects to generate both local

addresses between points 1-2 and 1-3.

Areas divided indicating a maximum size of each object to generate both

local addresses between points 1-2 and 1-3.

282

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Divide the area into squares and triangles considering:

a) Intersecting Grid line with the axes Visible areas.

b) Linear objects intersecting axes selected areas
c) Views on Selected areas.

Divide Areas through a cut based on linear

objects selected

Divide Areas through a selected points based on applying a

rotation angle relative to the local axes cut.

Divide Areas using a general approach based on the selection

of points and lines with a maximum size of each area element
to generate the discretization.

283

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.6. Solid: Solid Assign Properties to Elements.

Assign Sections

Modify Local Axes

Assign Springs

Assign temperature changes

Reversing the Local Axis 3

Assign an Internal Meshing

Generate Constraints on Axes

8.6.1. You properties:

Assign sections Solid elements.

List of Previously Defined Sections

8.6.2. Local Axes:

Changes the Local Axes to Solid elements.

Rotation around the Z axis

Rotation about the Y axis

Rotation about X axis

Advanced Rotation Mode.

284

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.6.3. Surface Spring:
Assigns Springs Solid surface elements.

Spring stiffness
(modulus of ballast)

Spring Behavior.

Tension and Compression

Compression only. (Requires a Nonlinear
Analysis)
Only Drive. (Requires of an
Analysis Nonlinear)

Spring location.
In the faces 1, 2, 3, 4, Top or
Bottom Area.

Spring address.

Units

8.6.4. Temperatures Material:

Assign Temperature changes in solids.

Temperature value

285

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.6.5. Switch Faces:
Assign Temperature changes in solids.

Select the faces change

Move assignments face

No assignments Move Face

8.6.6. Automatic Solid Mesh:

Assign Temperature changes in solids.

Split Solid indicating a number of objects

to generate points towards 1-2, 1-3 and 1-
5.

Solid divide indicating a maximum size

of the objects to generate points toward 1-
2, 1-3 and 1-5.

286

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.7. Joint Loads: Loads Assign Gaskets.

Assign Forces

Assign Shifts

Assign Response Vehicles

8.7.1. Forces: Assign forces in joints.

Load Pattern Forces in X, Y, Z

Moments around X, Y, Z

Load Pattern
Forces in 1, 2, 3

Moments about 1, 2, 3

287

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.7.2. Displacement: Displacement in Boards Assign.

Load Pattern Displacements in X, Y, Z

Rotations around X, Y, Z

Load Pattern Displacements in 1, 2, 3

Rotations about 1, 2, 3

288

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.8. Frame Loads: Loads to Assign Items Gantry "Frames"

Loads Assign a Function to Severity

Assign loads.

Assign Distributed Loads.

Assign Loads Temperature.

Assign general deformations.

Assign Axial deformations.

Assign Load Patterns "Axial"

Assign parameters wave loads.

Assign wind parameters.

Assign Vehicle Response Components

8.8.1. Gravity: Assigning Loads in function to Gravity.

Load pattern.

Loads in Direction X, Y, Z

289

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.8.2. Points: Assigning Loads Punctual.

Load pattern. Application of forces or moments

including address and Global or Local
System

Absolute Distances

Relative distances according to L

8.8.3. Distributed: Assign Distributed Loads.

Load pattern. Application of forces or moments

including address and Global or Local
System

Trapezoidal Loads

Absolute Distances

Relative distances according to L

Uniformly Distributed Load

290

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.8.4. Temperature: Assigning Loads of temperature.

Application Type of Charge.

Temperature: Temperature Change as General.

Temperature Gradient 2-2: Change of temperature relative to the local axes 2-2
Temperature Gradient 3-3: Change of temperature relative to the local axes 3-3

Load pattern.

Temperature value to be
applied to the element.

291

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.9. Cable Loads: Loads to Assign Cables.

Loads Assign a Function to Severity

Assign Distributed Loads.

Assign Loads Temperature.

Assign general deformations.

Assign Axial deformations.

Assign Load Patterns "Axial"

Assign Vehicle Response Components

NOTE: Application of loads on wires is presented for in the same way as

elements gantry "Frame".

8.10. Tendon Loads: Loads Assign to Guayas.

Loads Assign a Function to Severity

Assign forces or efforts.

Assign Loads Temperature.

Assign general deformations.

Assign Axial deformations.

Assign Load Patterns "Axial"

Assign Vehicle Response Components

292

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.10.1. Gravity: Assigning Loads in function to Gravity.

Load pattern.

Loads in Direction X, Y, Z

8.10.2. Tendon Forces / Stress: Assigning Loads o Efforts to Guayas.

Load pattern.

Location Applied Force

or Effort

Applied Force or Effort

Friction Losses

Other Losses

NOTE: Application of other charges in Guayas is done in the same way as presented for
elements gantry "Frame".

293

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.11. Area Loads: Loads to Assign Items Area

Loads Assign a Function to Severity

Assign Evenly Distributed

Assign Frame Distributed Loads elements

Assign surface pressure loads.

Assign Loads Pore pressure.

Assign Loads of temperature.

Assign Warps

Assign loads

Assign wind pressure coefficients

Assign Vehicle Response Components

8.11.1. Gravity: Assigning Loads in function to Gravity.

Load pattern.

Loads in Direction X, Y, Z

8.11.2. Uniform (Shell): Assign uniformly distributed loads.

Load pattern.

Distributed Load Application

including address and Global or Local
System

294

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.11.3. Uniform to Frame (Shell):
Assign charges directly to the elements of Support "Frames" by the method of Tax Base width
rectangles, triangles and trapezoids, as the shape of the object area.

Load pattern.

Applying loads directly to the elements of support

"Frame" by way tributary area, including address,
Global or Local System and method of
distribution.

One Way: Distribute the load only in the

direction of Axis 1 of the Local Area.

Note: Proper weight is not distributed. Two Way: Distribute the load on the two local
directions (1 and 2) of the Area.

8.11.4. Surface Pressure (All):

Assign charges directly to the elements of Support "Frames" by the method of Tax Base width
rectangles, triangles and trapezoids according to the shape of the object of Area.

Pressure generated directly

in the Area (kg / m2). Load pattern.

Face Area where you will

be placing the burden.

Multiplier Factor Parameter Triangular loads generated in the

Area Boards, following the terms of an "Joint Patterns"
previously defined.

295

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.12. Joint Patterns: Pattern Boards. Set Allows load distribution Triangular shape to
contemplate pressure of liquids and dirt.

Option 1.

General Formula for a Line

Formula Constants

296

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Option 2.

Through a Z coordinate and

specific weight

Parameters

Z coordinate of the selected

Board taller.

Specific Gravity or Unit Value to

define the Triangular load

297

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
8.13. Assign Copy And Paste: Copy and paste Assignments elements.
Procedure: a particular item is selected, then "Copy Assign" is applied and finally "Paste
Assign" applies.

Note: In this picture what you want to hit a new item is selected.

298

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
9. Analyse Menu: Analyze.

Options Analysis

Create a Select Case Analysis Model

Cargo Run Running Analysis

Running Live Analysis.

Modify Deformed Geometry No Show

Details last Corrida

9.1. Set Analysis Options: Options Analysis. Flat or Spatial Analysis. Dynamic
Analysis, P-Delta effect.

Degrees of Freedom Assets

Fast Selection of Degrees of

Freedom Assets:
Space Frame Analysis in 3D
Plane Frame Analysis Grid Plane
XZ Plane: XY Plane Space Truss
Analysis: Analysis in 3D without
torsion.

Settlement Options

Save as type Database

Access or Excel

299

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
9.2. Solver Options: Options Settlement.

Settlement options. Options Analysis Process

Other Options

Case Analysis to report the mass

and stiffness in a Text file

9.3. Set Load Cases to Run: Select the load cases to run.

Run / Do Not Run Case: Run or Run the selected Load Case
Show Case: Show the selected load case
Results for Case Delete: Delete the results for the selected Load Case
Run / Do Not Run All: Running or not Running all load cases Results
Delete All: Delete all the results of load case load case Show Tree: Tree
diagram Show type of load cases

300

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Load Case Tree Show: Show Diagram Tree Type Load Case.

9.4. Undeformed Modify Geometry: Geometry No Change Deformed.

Load Case

Scale Factor Offset

9.5. Show Last Run Detail: Show Details last Corrida.

Name, Location and

Features Archive

Details last Corrida

301

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
10. Display Menu: Show.

View Deformed Model no.

View Assigned Loads.

View Assigned Features

See Lines Bridges.

Deformed Model View to the charges.

Forces Members and Diagrams

See Diagrams Virtual job.

See Influence Lines and Surfaces

See Response Spectra Curves.

See histogram curves.

View Pushover curves (Nonlinear Static)

See results Joints.

See Tables (Data Entry and Exit)

Save Current View

Show Views Saved

10.1. Show ASSIGNS Loads: Loads Assigned to See Together Gantry elements, cables,
Guayas, Areas and Solids.

Seals / Points

Elements Porch / Cables / Guayas

Areas

Solid

Nonlinear Links

302

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 View Loads on Boards / Points

Load Pattern

Coordinate System

Type of Cargo:
Forces, Displacements

Display on the screen

the charges assigned

View Loads on Members / Lines

Load Pattern

Type of
Cargo:

Show Moments Loads or applied

directly to Linear Elements

Include moment loads. Show in

Screens
Loads assigned.

View Loads Area Objects

Load Pattern

Type of Cargo:

Uniformly distributed temperature

Wind dynamic pressure

303

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 View Loads on Solid

Load Pattern

Type of Cargo:

Uniformly distributed temperature

Wind dynamic pressure

View Loads on "LINK"

Load Pattern

Coordinate System

304

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
10.2. Show Misc ASSIGNS: View on Boards, Gantry elements, Cables,
assignments Guayas, Areas and Solids.

View Assignments
on Boards.

Restrictions, Local Axles, Springs, Bodies,

Zones panel, etc.

See Assignments in Elements

"Frame", Cables and Guayas

Sections, Restrictions, spherical, Local Axes, Springs,

Mass, Temperature, etc.

305

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 View Areas
assignments.

Sections, Restrictions, Local Axles, Springs,

Mass, temperature, etc.

View Assignments
in Solid

Properties, Restrictions, Local Axles,

Springs, Internal Grids, temperature, etc.

306

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
10.3. Show Deformed Shape: Deformed Model View.

Load Case or Combination

Show Deformed Footsteps

Scale Factor

Show the Displacements of

Elements Contours Area through

View the original position without

deformation structure.

Show Deformed Curve

307

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
10.4. Show Forces / Stresses: View Forces and / or Efforts Together Gantry elements
"Frame", Cables, Guayas, Areas and Solids.

Seals / Points

Elements Gantry "Frame" and cables

Area elements like behavior with Shell

Area elements with type behavior Plane

Area elements with type behavior asolid

Nonlinear Solid Elements

Links.

10.4.1. Joints: Joints reactions.

Load Case or Combination

Show Reactions Footsteps

Show Results as Arrows

308

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
10.4.2. Frame / Cables: Power Gantry elements "Frame" and Cables.

Load Case or Combination

Show diagrams Footsteps

Components:
Axial Force: Force Axial
Torsion: Torsion
Shear: Cut. Moment:
Moment

Scale Factor

Show Coloured Diagrams

Show Diagrams

309

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
If an item is selected and click on the right mouse button, we have:

310

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Sign Convention in Frame elements.-

311

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
10.4.3. Shell: Forces in members area Shell Behavior Type

Cas Cargo or Combination

CASE 1
Type: Forces

Components of Forces
Show Results Footsteps
Case: Nonlinear.

Contour range (maximum

and minimum) for the scale
of values

Show Deformed

Show Contours

312

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 313

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
F11: force per unit length acting on half of the surface of the sides 1 (positive and negative) about
the axis 1.
F22: force per unit length acting on half of the surface of the sides 2 (positive and negative) about
the axis 2.
F12: force per unit length acting on half the face area 1 (positive and negative) about the axis 2 and
faces 2 (positive and negative) about the axis 1.
FMAX: Maximum Force main per unit length acting on half of the surface. By definition it is
oriented, where the force F12 becomes zero.
FMIN: Main per unit length acting on half of the surface Low Force. By definition it is
oriented, where the force F12 becomes zero.
M11: Moment per unit length acting on the middle surface faces 1 (positive and negative)
about the axis 2.
M22: Moment per unit length acting on the middle surface of the faces 2 (positive and
negative) about the axis 1.
M12: TORQUE per unit length acting on the middle surface faces 1 (positive and negative)
about the axis 1 and on sides 2 (positive and negative) about the axis 2 MMAX: Home
Maximum Moment per unit long acting half the surface. By definition it is oriented, where the
moment becomes zero M12.
MMIN: Minimum principal moment per unit length acting on half of the surface. By
definition it is oriented, where the moment becomes zero M12.
V13: Cut length per unit out of the plane of the half shell acting surface faces 1 (positive and
negative) direction 3.
V23: Cut length per unit out of plane from Shell acting on half of the surface of the two sides
(positive and negative) direction 3.
VMAX: Maximum length cutting unit out of plane from Shell half acting towards the surface 3.

314

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Distribution moments per unit length in
Area elements through color scale
contours.

Distribution moments per unit length

in elements through arrows Area.

315

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Load Case or Combination

CASE 2
Type: Efforts

Output Type
Show Results Footsteps
Case: Nonlinear.

Contour range (maximum

and minimum) for the scale Stress Components
of values

Show Contours

Show Deformed

Visible Face: Shows Visible Results in the face area. Top Face:
Displays the results on the upper surface (6) Area. Face Bottom:
Displays the results on the bottom (5) Area. Maximum: Sample
Results with Positive Values. Maximum: Displays with Negative
Values Results.
Absolute Maximum: Displays all the positive and negative results.

316

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Stress Distribution in a Beam-Column Connection in Steel.

317

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
S11: Effort per unit area acting on half of the surface of the sides 1 (positive and negative) about
the axis 1.
S22: Effort per unit area acting on half of the surface of the two sides (positive and negative) about
the axis 2.
S12: Effort per unit area acting on the middle surface faces 1 (positive and negative) about the axis
2 and on sides 2 (positive and negative) about the axis 1.
SMAX: Home Maximum Effort per unit length acting on half of the surface. By definition it is
oriented, where the stress becomes zero S12.
SMIN: main Least Effort per unit length acting on half of the surface. By definition it is oriented,
where the stress becomes zero S12.
S13: Cutting Effort per unit area outside the plane of the Shell operating in half the surface faces
1 (positive and negative) towards 3.
S23: Shear stress per unit area out of the plane of the shell acting on half the surface of the two
sides (positive and negative) direction 3.
SMAX: Maximum Cutting Effort per unit area outside the plane of the Shell acting on half of the
surface in 3 direction.

318

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 CASE 3
Load Case or Combination Type: Efforts Layers

Output Type

Location for the

Show Results Footsteps output report
Case: Nonlinear.

Contour range (maximum

and minimum) for the scale
of values

Stress Components
Show Contours

Show Deformed

319

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Load Case or Combination

CASE 4
Reinforcement Design

Output Type
Show Results Footsteps
Case: Nonlinear.

Components for Design

Contour range (maximum

and minimum) for the scale
of values

Show Contours

Show Deformed

The program SAP2000 v14 it does is get the areas of steel required for the acting stresses
(Axial, Cortes, moments, etc.) in each of the differentials generated area discretization
(mesh).

Ast1: Indicates the area of steel required in the local 1 axis flexural areas.
AST2Indicates the area of steel required in the local axis 2 flexural areas.

These areas (AST1 and AST2) are reported on the screen per unit length, that is, in cm2 / cm
or m2 / m. For example, if you get the required steel area is 0.085 cm2 / cm, then we can
multiply by 100 cms and obtain a value of 8.5 cm2 / m.

320

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Areas of steel per unit
length

321

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
10.4.4. Solids: Forces in members area Shell Behavior Type

Load Case or Combination

Show Results Footsteps

Stress Components

Contour range (maximum and minimum) for

the scale of values

Show Deformed

322

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
S11: Effort (Negative force per unit) in area) acting on sides 1 (Positive and
the direction of the local axis 1
S22: stress (force per unit area) acting on sides 2 (Positive and Negative) in the
direction of local axis 2
S33: stress (force per unit area) acting Faces 3 (Positive and Negative) in the
direction of the local axis 3.
S12: Cutting Effort (force per unit area) acting on sides 1 (Positive and Negative)
in the direction of local axis 2 and acting on sides 2
(Positive and Negative) in the direction of local axis 1.
S13: Cutting Effort out of Plano (force per unit area) acting on 1 (Positive and
Negative) in the direction of the local axis 3.
S23: Cutting Effort out of Plano (force per unit area) acting on the 2 (Positive and
Negative) in the direction of the local axis 3.
SMAX: Principal Max Effort (force per unit area). By definition this effort is
geared court where efforts are Null.
SMIN: Main Minimal Effort (force per unit area). By definition this effort is
geared court where efforts are Null.
SVM: Effort Von Mises (force per unit area).

Von Mises stress. σvm= √1 / 2 [(σ1-

σ2) + (Σ1- σ3)2+ (Σ2- σ3)2].
2

323

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
10.4.5. Show Static Pushover Curve: Show Graph Pushover.

Graph Court of Basal vs Displacement Monitored Board

Graph Spectrum Capacity and Demand by ATC-40

Performance point
values

324

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Graph of capacity by the method according to FEMA 356 Coefficients

Values calculated
according to
FEMA 356

325

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
Graph Spectrum Capacity and Demand by FEMA 440 (Equivalent
Linear Approximation)

Performance
point values

Graph of capacity by including modifying displacements as FEMA 440

Values calculated
according to
FEMA 440

326

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 327

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 328

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 329

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 330

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 331

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
10.4.6. Hinge Show Results: Show results Joints.

A spherical pattern
Reinforced Concrete Porch

Results in a Tie
Plastic Moment Vs Rotation diagram

View properties results

Kneecap

Moments and Rotations results for

each stage.

332

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Results of the properties of the Patella.
Moment vs. Rotation Diagram defined as
FEMA 356.

Sellers moments calculated from the

properties of the section including the
reinforcing steel.

333

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Load cases
10.4.7. Tables: Show Tables.

Model Definition

Combinations

Results of Analysis

The sum of the modal mass

participatory in both directions must
be greater than 0.90.

334

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
11. Menu Design: Design

Design Elements Design Elements

in Steel Concrete Design Element

Aluminum

Design Element Cold Formed Steel Lateral

Bracing

Redefine Design procedure for one or

more elements.

Bridge Design

11.1. Steel Frame Design: Design Elements Gantry "Frame" Steel.

Check and / or Preferences Redefine

Design View and / or Redefine Design

Parameters

Groups Select Design Select Design

Combinations

Limits Lateral Offset

Set Limits for periods of mode shapes

Start the design and / or Test Structure Interaction

Design elements in Steel

Show Information Design

Cancel the section defined by Auto-Selection Change

Design Section

Delete Sections of Design Analysis Last Check Vs

Analysis Section Design Section

Check All items Satisfy

Clear definitions of the parameters results in

Clear Steel Design Steel

335

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
11.2. View / Preferences Review: View and / or Redefine Design Preferences.

Selected Item
Description

In this form you can specify or redefine in the box, the code design to use, type of structures, Seismic
Factors, Type Analysis (LRFD or ASD), Factors Deduction Resistance, Maximum value Value Demand /
Capacity, coefficients, and various details of the Code of Design on selected steel. The above mentioned
items depend on the selected Code or Standard.

336

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
11.2.1. View / Check Overwrites: View and / or Redefine Design Parameters.

Selected Item
Description

In this form you can specify or redefine the appropriate box section design, Item Type, Maximum
allowable Arrows, Factors unbraced length, Factors effective length coefficients, assignor effort,
compressive strength, tensile, bending, among others., whether for one or more elements of steel. If zero
"0" puts the program determines the default value.

337

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
11.2.2. Select Design Group: Select Group Design.

Choosing groups

Groups for Design

Existing Groups

11.2.3. Select Design Combinations: Select Groups Design

Type of Combination:

Strength: Deflection
Forces: Arrow

Added Combinations

List of Schemes

Automatically Generate
Combinations by Design Code

338

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
11.2.4. September Lateral Displacement Targets: Lateral displacement limit.

Automatic allocation of maximum

allowable joint Drifts previously
selected

Maxim
um
Drift

Maximum Drifts Off

Lateral Load Review Board Established
Case Maximum
Displacement

Through this form the program designed the entire structure using a self parameter in the different
elements of the same, considering the maximum displacements or drifts previously established in
the relevant meetings, and in turn fulfilling the criteria of resistance and arrows allowed. That is,
the structure is designed to meet the required strength, and the maximum allowable maximum
displaceability Arrows established.

339

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 11.2.5. Set Time Period Targets: Setting Limits periods of mode shapes.

Modes
Existing Periods

Maximum Periods
For Modes

Through this form the program designed the entire structure using a self parameter in the different
elements of the same, considering the previously established modes of vibration for each mode shape,
and in turn fulfilling the criteria of resistance and arrows allowed. That is, the structure is designed to
meet the required resistance, and maximum allowable Arrows Established Maximum periods for each
mode shape.

11.2.6. Start Design / Check of Structure: I

Start Design and / or review the structure contemplating groups, combinations,
coefficients and particular definitions previously made in the same following the
regulatory guidelines established.

340

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
11.2.7. Display Design Info: Display the information of the design according to
Applied Standard.

Design output

Input Data for Design

PM Ratio Colors & Values: Values of Value Demand / Capacity to Axial Force and
Bending, indicating colors.
PM Colors / Shear Ratio Values: Relationship colors Demand / Capacity to Axial Force and
Bending. Ratio values Demand / Capacity to Court.
PM Colors Ratio / No Values: Relationship colors Demand / Capacity to Axial Force and
Bending (without values)
Cont Plate Area / Doubler Plate Thickness:. Area Continuity plates required and required
plate thickness (double) attached to the soul.
Beam / Column Capacity Ratios: capacity ratio given by the sum of Resistant Moments in
Beams / Columns Moments Resistant attending a Node in each plane.
PM Colors / Beam Shear Forces: Relationship colors Demand / Capacity to Axial Force and
Bending. Values Cutting forces in beams.
PM Colors / Brace Axial Forces: Relationship colors Demand / Capacity to Axial Force and
Bending. Values of Axial forces in Struts.

341

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
11.2.8. Change Design Section: Changing the Design section

Sections available for changing the

original section designed.

Importantly SAP2000 coefficient determining Sufficiency (CS) of each of the elements

(Belts, Beams, Struts and columns) that belong to the structure in accordance with the
combinations and Norm. The coefficient expresses the critical relationship Sufficiency
Demand / Capacity Interaction of axial force and moments acting simultaneously as well as
the maximum permissible arrows, as a result, in any case must be equal to or less than 1.00.

For the case of a type system "SMF" "Special Moment Frames" Checks if the program:

1) The profiles for the beams and columns are compact Seismic
2) The beams possess adequate lateral support.
3) The Strong-Column Weak Beam criterion in each Board, in a simplified way worth
considering on-resistance (Ry).
4) Reinforcing plates in the Area Panel.

For the case of a strong type system "SCBF" "Special concentrically Braced frames" quake
Checks if program:

1) Profiles for braces and columns are compact Seismic

2) Braces meet the maximum allowable slenderness equal to 4 * (E / Fy) 1/2

342

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
For the case of an earthquake resisting system type "EBF" "Excentrically Braced frames"
Checks if the program:

1) The profiles for the beams are compact Seismic-Links

2) The profiles are compact Columns for Seismic
3) The profiles for Struts are compact.
4) The resistance of the Struts on condition that links one Probable Maximum cut equal to
1.25 Ry Vn occurs.
5) The resistance of the beams outside the zone of links under the condition that the same court
a Maximum Probable equal to 1.10 Ry Vn occurs.

Note: These criteria are based on the Standard AISC 341-05 "Sesimic Provisions".

343

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
11.3. Concrete Frame Design: Design of Concrete Elements.

Check and / or Preferences Redefine Design

View and / or Redefine Design Parameters

Select Design Combinations

Start the design and / or Test Structure

Interactive Design of Concrete items

Show Information Design

Change Design Section

Delete Sections Ultimo Design Analysis

Check Vs Analysis Section Design Section

Check All items Satisfy

Clear definitions of the parameters in Concrete

Clear outcomes in Concrete Design

344

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
11.3.1. View / Preferences Review: View and / or Redefine Design Preferences.

Selected Item
Description

In this form you can specify or redefine in the box, the code to use Design, Seismic Factors, Resistance
Factors Deduction, maximum value of Factor Utilization, Coefficients, and several details in Concrete
Design Code selected. The above mentioned items depend on the selected Code or Standard.

345

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
11.3.2. View / Check Overwrites: View and / or Redefine Design Parameters.

Selected Item
Description

In this form you can specify or redefine the appropriate box section design, element type, factors not
braced length, effective length factors, coefficients, both for one or more elements of Concrete. If zero
"0" puts the program determines the default value.

346

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
11.3.3. Select Design Combo: Select Combinations for Design.

Type of Combination:

Strength: Deflection Forces:

Arrow

Added Combinations

List of Schemes

Automatically Generate
Combinations by Design Code

11.3.4. Start Design / Check of Structure:

Start the Design and / or review the structure looking combinations, coefficients and
particular regulatory previously made in the same following the guidelines
definitions established.

347

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
11.3.5. Display Design Info: Display the information of the design according to
Applied Standard.

Design output

Input Data for Design

Longitudinal Reinforcing: Longitudinal

Reinforcement
Rebar Percentage: Amount of longitudinal steel
reinforcement
Shear Reinforcing: Steel reinforcement by
Court.
Column PMM Interaction Ratios: Ratio Demand / Capacity to flexo-Compression
Columns.
(6.5) Beam / Column Capacity Ratios: capacity ratio given by the sum of (06.05)
Resistant Moments in Beams / Columns Resistant moments that converge to a node at each level.
Column / Beam Capacity Ratios: capacity ratio given by the sum of moments Resistant
Columns / Beams Resistant Moments attending a Node in each plane.
Joint Shear Capacity Ratios: Ratio Demand / Capacity to Court Meetings
Twist Reinforcing: Steel reinforcement for torsion.

348

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
11.3.6. Change Design Section: Changing the Design section.

Sections available for changing the

original section designed.

349

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
.- In the case of steel shear beam, the program is determined by the level of design element.
For example, if "Sway Special" is selected is designed for capacity, that is, the area of steel
section is a function of the gravity load factored over the cut from assuming that the ends of
the beam plastic hinges are generated flexion.

Capacity cuts by steel calculation

Court Gravity

Moment Capacity (Left) with steel calculation.

Moment Capacity (Right) with steel calculation

If the cutting capacity is greater than

gravitational cut φVc = 0 implies that

Importantly, the court, Strong Column / Beam Weak relationship and checking node should
be checked for real steel placed and not calculated, so we proceed to indicate the upper and
lower end steels left and right beams. This involves removing the analysis and then go to
the Define / Frame menu

350

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
 Real Steel

Capacity cuts by Real to put on flat steel. The

value is higher than initially obtained.

Court Gravity

Moment Capacity (Left) with the real steel

placed in Planos

Moment Capacity (Right) with the actual placing

on flat steel.

If the cutting capacity is greater than

gravitational cut φVc = 0 implies that

351

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
11.4. Aluminium Frame Design: Design Elements in Aluminum.

Check and / or Preferences Redefine Design

View and / or Redefine Design Parameters

Select Groups Design

Select Design Combinations

Start the design and / or Test Structure Interaction

Design Element Aluminum

Show Information Design

Cancel the section defined by Auto-Selection

Change Design Section

Delete Sections Ultimo Design Analysis

Check Analysis Section Design Section Vs Check All

items Satisfy

Clear definitions of the parameters in the results of

Clear Aluminum Aluminum Design

352

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
11.4.1. View / Preferences Review: View and / or Redefine Design Preferences.

Selected Item
Description

In this form you can specify or redefine in the box, the code design to use, type of structures, type of
analysis (LRFD or ASD), Factors Deduction Resistance, Maximum value Value Demand / Capacity
Ratios and various details of the Code of Design on selected aluminum. The above mentioned items
depend on the selected Code or Standard.

353

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
11.4.2. View / Check Overwrites: View and / or Redefine Design Parameters.

Selected Item
Description

In this form you can specify or redefine the appropriate box section design, Item Type, Maximum
allowable Arrows, Factors unbraced length, Factors effective length coefficients, assignor effort,
compressive strength, tensile, bending, among others. both to one or more elements of aluminum. If zero
"0" puts the program determines the default value.

354

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
11.4.3. Select Design Group: Select group Design

Choosing groups

Groups for Design

Existing Groups

11.4.4. Select Design Combinations: Select combinations of design.

Type of Combination:

Strength: Deflection
Forces: Arrow

Added Combinations

List of Schemes

Combinations Automatically
Generate Code by Design
Established.

355

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
11.4.5. Start Design / Check of
Structure:
Start the Design and / or review the structure contemplating groups, combinations and particular
definitions coefficients previously performed in the same following the regulatory guidelines
established.

11.4.6. Display Design Info: Display the information of the design according to
Applied Standard.

Design output

Input Data for Design

PM Ratio Colors & Values: Values of Value Demand / Capacity to Axial Force and
Bending, indicating colors.
PM Colors / Shear Ratio Values: Relationship colors Demand / Capacity to Axial Force
and Bending. Ratio values Demand / Capacity to Court.
PM Colors Ratio / No Values: Relationship colors Demand / Capacity to Axial Force and
Bending (without values)

356

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
11.4.7. Change Design Section: Changing the Design section.

Sections available for changing the

original section designed.

11.5. Cold Formed Steel Frame Design: Design Elements for the Cold Formed Steel.

Check and / or Preferences Redefine Design

View and / or Redefine Design Parameters

Select Groups Design

Select Design Combinations

Start the design and / or Test Structure

Interactive design elements to cold formed steel.

Show Information Design

Cancel the section defined by Auto-Selection

Change Design Section

Delete Sections Ultimo Design Analysis

Check Analysis Section Design Section Vs Check All items

Satisfy

Clear definitions of the parameters in the results of Clear

Aluminum Aluminum Design

357

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
11.5.1. View / Preferences Review: View and / or Redefine Design Preferences.

Selected Item
Description

In this form you can specify or redefine in the box, the code design to use, type of structure, type of
analysis (LRFD or ASD), Factors Deduction Resistance, Maximum value Value Demand / Capacity
Ratios and various details of the Code of Design Elements for cold-formed steel. The above mentioned
items depend on the selected Code or Standard.

358

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
11.5.2. View / Check Overwrites: View and / or Redefine Design Parameters.

Selected Item
Description

In this form you can specify or redefine the appropriate box section design, Item Type, Maximum
allowable Arrows, Factors unbraced length, Factors effective length coefficients, assignor effort,
compressive strength, tensile, bending, among others., one or both elements of cold-formed steel. If zero
"0" puts the program determines the default value.

359

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
11.5.3. Select Design Group: Design Select groups.

Choosing groups

Groups for Design

Existing Groups

11.5.4. Select Design Combinations: Select combinations of design.

Type of Combination:

Strength:
Deflection Forces:
Arrow

Added Combinations

List of Schemes

Automatically Generate Combinations by

Design Code

360

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
11.5.5. Start Design / Check of
Structure:
Start the Design and / or review the structure contemplating groups, combinations and particular
definitions coefficients previously performed in the same following the regulatory guidelines
established.

11.5.6. Display Design Info: Display the information of the design according to
Applied Standard.

Design output

Input Data for Design

PM Ratio Colors & Values: Values of Value Demand / Capacity to Axial Force and
Bending, indicating colors.
PM Colors / Shear Ratio Values: Relationship colors Demand / Capacity to Axial Force and
Flexion. Ratio values Demand / Capacity to Court.
PM Colors Ratio / No Values: Relationship colors Demand / Capacity to Axial Force and
Bending (without values)

361

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
11.5.7. Change Design Section: Changing the Design section.

Sections available for changing the original

section designed.

11.6. Lateral Bracing: Lateral bracing.

Determined by Determined by the user

program

11.6.1. Specify Point Bracing: Bracing Specify points.

Location bracing

Location Relative or Absolute from

baseline

362

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
11.6.2. Bracing Uniform: Uniform Distance between Struts.

Location bracing

Location Relative or Absolute from

baseline

11.7. Overwrite Frame Design Procedure: Redefine Element Design Procedure.

No Material Default as

Designing

363

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation