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01 - Modulation and Coding Techniques - Introduction To Digital Communication System

1. Modulation and coding techniques are used to transmit digital data reliably over analog communication channels. 2. Digital communication systems represent information as discrete signals that can only take on a fixed number of values, as opposed to analog signals which are continuous. 3. Common digital modulation techniques include amplitude-shift keying, frequency-shift keying, and phase-shift keying, which map digital bits to properties of an analog carrier signal for transmission.

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Col. Jerome Carlo Magmanlac, ACP
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
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124 views

01 - Modulation and Coding Techniques - Introduction To Digital Communication System

1. Modulation and coding techniques are used to transmit digital data reliably over analog communication channels. 2. Digital communication systems represent information as discrete signals that can only take on a fixed number of values, as opposed to analog signals which are continuous. 3. Common digital modulation techniques include amplitude-shift keying, frequency-shift keying, and phase-shift keying, which map digital bits to properties of an analog carrier signal for transmission.

Uploaded by

Col. Jerome Carlo Magmanlac, ACP
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODULATION AND

CODING TECHNIQUES
01

Introduction to Digital
Communication System
Communication
Communication is the transfer of data reliably from one point to another.
Data can be: voice, video, codes, etc.
Note that it is important to receive the same information that was sent from
the transmitter.

Data or information - can be analog or digital in nature.

Analog data – data containing of continuous value.


Digital Data – refers to the information of discrete states.
Communication System
Communication system - a system that allows transfer of information reliably.
There are several classes of communications systems based on the nature of data
being transmitted and received:
Analog Communication System
Digital Communication System
Data Communication System

And based also in the mode of transmission:


Microwave Communication System
Radio Communication System
Analog Signal
By general definition, analog is defined or relating to or using signals or
information represented by a continuously variable physical quantity
such as spatial positions, voltage, etc.

The problem of analog system is the inherent noise caused by these


continuous variations in amplitudes
Analog Signal

frequency
amplitude

Sinusoids
Instantaneous
voltage level Phase shift
Characteristics of Analog Signal
1. Varies with time.
2. Minima and maxima can be either positive or negative.
3. They can be periodic or non periodic.
4. Works as a continuous data
5. Accuracy is lower than the digital counterpart.
6. Useful in measuring natural and physical quantities.
7. Output wave form can be curve, or line of combination of both.
Digital Signal
A digital signal is a signal that used to represent data as a sequence of
separate values at any point in time. It can only take on one fixed number
of values. This type of signal represents a real number within a constant
range of value.
Characteristics of Digital Signal
1. They can be continuous and can be non-continuous.
2. Can be processed, transmitted, and received way better than the
analog signal.
3. Very versatile, thus widely used.
4. Accuracy is better than the analog counterpart.
Comparison of Analog and Digital Signal
Comparison of Analog and Digital Signal
ANALOG DIGITAL
Uses low bandwidth Uses high bandwidth.
Deteriorated by noises during the Relatively noise-immune without
transmission process. deterioration during transmission
process.
Not flexible in implementation. Very flexible implementation.
Suited for audio and video Suited for computing and digital
transmission. electronics.
Real-time processing Cannot guarantee a real-time
processing.
Advantages of Analog Signal

Easier in processing
Best suited for audio and video transmission.
It has a low cost and is portable.
It has a much higher density so that it can present more refined
information.
Disadvantages of Analog Signal

Analog tends to have a lower quality signal than digital.


The cables are sensitive to external influences.
The cost of the Analog wire is high and not easily portable.
Low availability of models with digital interfaces.
Disadvantages of Analog Signal

It is quite difficult to synchronize analog sound


Quality is easily lost
Data can become corrupted
Plenty of recording devices and formats which can become confusing to
store a digital signal
Advantages of Digital Signal

Digital data can be easily compressed.


Any information in the digital form can be encrypted.
Equipment that uses digital signals is more common and less expensive.
Digital signal makes running instruments free from observation errors
like parallax and approximation errors.
Disadvantages of Digital Signal
Sampling may cause loss of information.
A/D and D/A demands mixed-signal hardware
Processor speed is limited
Develop quantization and round-off errors
It requires greater bandwidth
Systems and processing is more complex.
Linear and Nonlinear Circuits
Linear circuit – a circuit whose
parameters are not changed with
respect to current and voltage.

Nonlinear circuit – a circuit whose


parameters is not constants. Its
characteristic curve is not a
straight line.
Digital Communication
It is the one of the most commonly used
modes of communication in modern
times.
This is a communication in which the
information is encoded as discrete
signals.
Digital communications covers a broad
area of communications techniques
including in the fields of wired and
wireless communications.
Modulation Techniques
Analog modulation:
AM – amplitude modulation
FM – frequency modulation
PM – phase modulation
Digital Modulation
ASK – amplitude shift keying
FSK – frequency shift keying
PSK – phase shift keying
QAM – quadrature amplitude modulation
Modulation Techniques
The main difference of the analog and digital modulation is that,

Analog modulation = analog information signal + analog carrier

Digital Modulation = digital information signal + analog carrier


The Sinusoid Equation
Digital Radio System
Commonly, the modulation signal has
a lower frequency (mostly in range of
radio waves) compared to the carrier.
Digital modulation is ideally used in all
aspect of modern day communication
system, both for wired and wireless
media.
Digital radio is the transmission and
reception of sound processed into
patterns of numbers, or "digits"

Introduction to Digital Communication System


Digital Radio System

Input Output
data BPF and Demodulat data
BPF and
Precoder Modulator power or and
amplifier
amplifier decoder

Noise

TRANSMISSION MEDIA
Clock
BPF
Buffer
TRANSMITTER

RECEIVER
Carrier and
Clock carrier
Analog
Carrier recovery
clock
Introduction to Digital Communication System
Electromagnetic Signals
Data transmission is nothing but communication of
data by the transmission or propagation of
electromagnetic signals through either
wired/wireless media (channel).
Signals are the actual electromagnetic
voltages/waves transmitted on a physical
wired/wireless medium.
Just like data, electromagnetic signals can be either
analog (continuous & can take infinite values) or
digital (discrete and take only a finite set of values).
NOTE: To be transmitted, data must be
transformed to electromagnetic signals.

Introduction to Digital Communication System


Electromagnetic spectrum?

Introduction to Digital Communication System


Electromagnetic Signals
Also, electromagnetic signals can be expressed either as a function of
time (time domain) or frequency (frequency/spectral domain).

In digital communications, we commonly


use periodic analog signals and non-
periodic digital signals.

Introduction to Digital Communication System


Frequency and Period

Introduction to Digital Communication System


Introduction to Digital Communication System
Time and Frequency Domain

Introduction to Digital Communication System

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