Air Class 7

GEOGRAPHY
CHAPTER: AIR
NOTEBOOK
Ques Write composition of the Atmosphere.
Ans Nitrogen and oxygen are two gases which make up the bulk of the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide,
helium, Argon, Ozone and hydrogen are found in lesser quantities.
Apart from these gases, tiny dust particles are also present in the air.
Nitrogen-
1 It is the most plentiful gas in the air. When we inhale, we take some amount of nitrogen into our lungs
and exhale it.
2 Plants need nitrogen for their survival. They cannot take nitrogen directly from the air. Bacteria, that live
in the soil and roots of some plants, take nitrogen from the air and change its form so that plants can use it.
Oxygen-
It is the second most plentiful gas in the air. Humans and animals take oxygen from the air as they breathe.
Green plants produce oxygen during photosynthesis. In this way oxygen content in the air remains
constant.
Carbon dioxide-
It is another important gas. Green plants use carbon dioxide to make their food and release oxygen.
Humans or animals release carbon dioxide.
The amount of carbon dioxide released by humans or animals seems to be equal to the amount used by
the plants which make a perfect balance.
Ques 2 Write about the structure of the atmosphere.

Ans Our atmosphere is divided into five layers. These are
Troposphere.
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere
1 Troposphere:
-This layer is the most important layer of the atmosphere.
- Its average height is 13 km.
- The air we breathe exists here.
-Almost all the weather phenomena like rainfall. fog and hailstorm occur in this layer.
2 Stratosphere:
-Above the troposphere lies the stratosphere.
- It extends up to a height of 50 km.
-This layer is almost free from clouds and associated weather phenomenon, making conditions most ideal
for flying aeroplanes.
-One important feature of stratosphere is that it contains a layer of ozone gas.
3 Mesosphere:
-This is the third layer of the atmosphere.
-It lies above the stratosphere.
- It extends up to the height of 80 km.
-Meteorites burn up in this layer on entering from the space.
4 Thermosphere:
-In thermosphere temperature rises very rapidly with increasing height.
-Ionosphere is a part of this layer.
- It extends between 80-400 km.
-This layer helps in radio transmission. In fact, radio waves transmitted from the earth are reflected back to
the earth by this layer.
5 Exosphere:
-The upper most layer of the atmosphere is known as exosphere.
-This layer has very thin air. Light gases like helium and hydrogen float into the space from here.
Ques 3 Differentiate between Weather and Climate.
Ans
Weather Climate
1 Weather is the state of atmosphere over a small Climate is the state of atmosphere over a large
area for a short period of time. area for a long period of time.
2 Its elements are temperature, pressure, wind, Its elements are the same but includes aggregate
rainfall, humidity and precipitation. condition over a long period of time.
3 A small changes in any of the elements may lead Small changes over a short period of time does not
to changes in the weather. affect.
Ques 4 Define wind. Explain different types of winds.

Ans The movement of air from high pressure areas to low pressure areas is called wind.
Wind can be broadly divided into three types
1 Permanent Winds: The type of trade winds, westerlies and easterlies are the permanent winds. These
blow constantly throughout the year in a particular direction.
2 Seasonal winds: These winds change their direction in different seasons. Example- Monsoons in India
3 Local Winds: These blow only during a particular period of the day or year in a small area. Example- land
breeze and sea breeze.
Ques 4 What do you meant by Rain? Explain three types of rainfall.
Ans Precipitation that comes down to the earth in liquid form is called rain
1 Convectional Rainfall
This type of rainfall which occur due to thermal convention due to heating of ground surface.
2 Orographic or Relief Rainfall
This is type of rainfall which occur when air has blown over the sea and is then being forced up over an
area of high land.
3 Cyclonic Rainfall
This type of rainfall which occur when warmer air is forced to rise over cold air.

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GEOGRAPHY

Ques 2 Write about the structure of the atmosphere.

Ques 4 Define wind. Explain different types of winds.

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