DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND

ENGINEERING

LAB MANUAL

SUBJECT: PYTHON PROGRAMMING LAB

YEAR AND SEM: II-I
SECTION: A, B, C, D
ACADEMIC YEAR: 2017-18

Submitted by
A.Leelavathi
Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

SRI VASAVI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

PEDATADEPALLI

INDEX

SNO CONTENT Page. No

1. Course Objectives and Course Outcomes 4

2. Introduction to the Lab 6

List of Lab Exercises

3. Syllabus Programs (JNTUK) 9

4. Solutions for Programs 12

5. Add on Experiments 60

6. References 63

CSE Department Page 2

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Course Objectives and

Outcomes

CSE Department Page 3

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

1. Course Objectives and Course Outcomes

Course Objectives:
In this lab, students will learn:

1. How to use Control structures in Python

2. How to use objects in a program and How to invoke an object’s methods
3. How to use Functions, Modules, Packages.
4. How to use OOP Concepts in Python
5. How to use methods of Turtle objects and Turtle Graphics

Course Outcomes:

1. Demonstrate the interactive python, Loop structures conditional programming (K2)

2. Apply the logic for loops programs like Fibonacci series, Data Structures (K3)
3. Illustrate file programs (K3)
4. Operate Scope of variables, Modules, Packages (K3)
5. Examine the concept of OOP, Exception handling (K3)
6. Compute the concept of Multithreading, GUI Programming and testing (K3).

CSE Department Page 4

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Introduction to the Lab

CSE Department Page 5

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

2.Introduction to the Lab

Python is a powerful high-level, object-oriented programming language created by

Guido van Rossum.It has simple easy-to-use syntax, making it the perfect language for
someone trying to learn computer programming for the first time.This is a comprehensive
guide on how to get started in Python, why you should learn it and how you can learn it.

Python is a fairly old language created by Guido Van Rossum. The design began
in the late 1980s and was first released in February 1991.

Why Python was created?

In late 1980s, Guido Van Rossum was working on the Amoeba distributed
operating system group. He wanted to use an interpreted language like ABC
(ABC has simple easy-to-understand syntax) that could access the Amoeba
system calls. So, he decided to create a language that was extensible. This led
to design of a new language which was later named Python.

Why the name Python?

No. It wasn't named after a dangerous snake. Rossum was fan of a comedy series
from late seventies. The name "Python" was adopted from the same
series "Monty Python's Flying Circus".

Release Dates of Different Versions

Version Release Data
Python 1.0 (first standard release) January 1994
Python 1.6 (Last minor version) September 5, 2000
Python 2.0 (Introduced list comprehensions) October 16, 2000
Python 2.7 (Last minor version) July 3, 2010
Python 3.0 (Emphasis on removing duplicative constructs and December 3, 2008
module) September 13,
Python 3.5 (Last updated version) 2015

Features of Python:

A simple language which is easier to learn ,Free and open-source, Portability, Extensible
and Embeddable ,A high-level, interpreted language, Large standard libraries to solve
common tasks, Object-oriented Language.

CSE Department Page 6

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Applications:

Web Applications

You can create scalable Web Apps using frameworks and CMS (Content Management
System) that are built on Python. Some of the popular platforms for creating Web Apps
are: Django, Flask, Pyramid, Plone, Django CMS.

Sites like Mozilla, Reddit, Instagram and PBS are written in Python.

Scientific and Numeric Computing

There are numerous libraries available in Python for scientific and numeric computing.
There are libraries like: SciPy and NumPy that are used in general purpose computing.
And, there are specific libraries like: EarthPy for earth science, AstroPy for Astronomy
and so on.

Also, the language is heavily used in machine learning, data mining and deep learning.

Creating software Prototypes

Python is slow compared to compiled languages like C++ and Java. It might not be a
good choice if resources are limited and efficiency is a must.

However, Python is a great language for creating prototypes. For example: You can use
Pygame (library for creating games) to create your game's prototype first. If you like the
prototype, you can use language like C++ to create the actual game.

Good Language to Teach Programming

Python is used by many companies to teach programming to kids and newbies.

It is a good language with a lot of features and capabilities. Yet, it's one of the easiest
language to learn because of its simple easy-to-use syntax.

CSE Department Page 7

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

List of Lab Exercises

CSE Department Page 8

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

3.List of Lab Exercises

Exercise 1 - Basics
a) Running instructions in Interactive interpreter and a Python Script
b) Write a program to purpose fully raise Indentation Error and Correct it
Exercise 2 - Operations
a) Write a program to compute distance between two points taking input from the user
(Pythagorean Theorem)
b) Write a program add.py that takes 2 numbers as command line arguments and prints
its sum.
Exercise - 3 Control Flow
a) Write a Program for checking whether the given number is a even number or not.
b) Using a for loop, write a program that prints out the decimal equivalents of 1/2, 1/3,
1/4, . . . ,1/10
c) Write a program using a for loop that loops over a sequence. What is sequence ?
d) Write a program using a while loop that asks the user for a number, and prints a
countdown from that number to zero.
Exercise 4 - Control Flow - Continued
a) Find the sum of all the primes below two million. Each new term in the Fibonacci
sequence is generated by adding the previous two terms. By starting with 1 and 2, the
first 10 terms will be: 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, ...
b) By considering the terms in the Fibonacci sequence whose values do not exceed four
million, find the sum of the even-valued terms.
Exercise - 5 - DS
a) Write a program to count the number of characters in the string and store them in a
dictionary data structure
b) Write a program to use split and join methods in the string and trace a birthday with a
dictionary data structure.
Exercise - 6 -DS
a) Write a program combine_lists that combines these lists into a dictionary.
b) Write a program to count frequency of characters in a given file. Can you use
character frequency to tell whether the given file is a Python program file, C program file
or a text file?
Exercise - 7 Files
a) Write a program to print each line of a file in reverse order.
b) Write a program to compute the number of characters, words and lines in a file.
Exercise - 8 Functions
a) Write a function ball_collide that takes two balls as parameters and computes if they
are colliding. Your function should return a Boolean representing whether or not the balls
are colliding.
Hint: Represent a ball on a plane as a tuple of (x, y, r), r being the radius
If (distance between two balls centers) <= (sum of their radii) then (they are colliding)
b) Find mean, median, mode for the given set of numbers in a list.

CSE Department Page 9

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Exercise - 9 Functions - Continued

a) Write a function nearly_equal to test whether two strings are nearly equal. Two strings
a and b are nearly equal when a can be generated by a single mutation on b.
b) Write a function dups to find all duplicates in the list.
c) Write a function unique to find all the unique elements of a list.
Exercise - 10 - Functions - Problem Solving
a) Write a function cumulative_product to compute cumulative product of a list of
numbers.
b) Write a function reverse to reverse a list. Without using the reverse function.
c) Write function to compute gcd, lcm of two numbers. Each function shouldn’t exceed
one line.
Exercise 11 - Multi-D Lists
a) Write a program that defines a matrix and prints
b) Write a program to perform addition of two square matrices
c) Write a program to perform multiplication of two square matrices
Exercise - 12 - Modules
a) Install packages requests, flask and explore them. using (pip)
b) Write a script that imports requests and fetch content from the page. Eg. (Wiki)
c) Write a simple script that serves a simple HTTP Response and a simple HTML Page
Exercise - 13 OOP
a) Class variables and instance variable
i) Robot
ii) ATM Machine
Exercise - 14 GUI, Graphics
1. Write a GUI for an Expression calculator using Tk
2. Write a program to implementing the following figures using Turtle
Exercise - 15 - Testing
a) Write a test-case to check the even numbers which return T on passing a list of all
Even numbers
b) Write a test-case to check the function reverse-string which returns the reversed string
Exercise - 16 – Advanced DS
a) Build any one classical data structure.
b) Write a program to solve knapsack problem.

CSE Department Page 10

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Solutions for Programs

CSE Department Page 11

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

4. Solutions for Programs

Exercise 1 – Basics
Question:
1a) Running instructions in Interactive interpreter and a Python Script
Description:
Interactive Mode:
 When commands are read from a tty, the interpreter is
said to be in interactive mode.
 In this mode it prompts for the next command with the primary prompt, usually 3 greater
than signs(>>>); for continuation lines it prompts with the secondary prompt, by default 3
dots(…).
 The interpreter prints a welcome message stating its version number and a copyright notice
before printing the first prompt:

Running python programs using interactive mode:

Step-1: Click on start-> All programs->python2.7->IDLE (python GUI).
Step-2: Type the sample code in IDLE as follows:

CSE Department Page 12

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

(or)

Step-1: Click on start-> All programs->python2.7->IDLE.

Step-2: Click on file menu, click on New file.
Step-3: Type the following code
a=10
b=20
c=a+b
print c
Step-4: Save this file (c:\python2.7\addex.py)
Step-5:Press F5 (to run the program).

Running python programs using command prompt

Step-1: Open the notepad editor.
Step-2: Type the following code
a=10
b=20
c=a+b
print c
Step-3: Save the file with .py extension (ex: d:\vasavi\addex.py).
Step-4: Open the command prompt (start->Run->cmd).
Step-5: Go to your folder location where you want to save the python program
(ex:d:\vasavi).
Step-6: Type the following command for execution
python addex.py
Question:
1b)Write a program to purposefully raise Indentation Error and Correct it
Program:
a=input("enter a value:")
b=input("enter b value:")

CSE Department Page 13

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

c=a*b #unexpected indent

print c
Output:

Correction:
a=input("enter a value:")
b=input("enter b value:")
c=a*b #corrected indent
print c
Output:

CSE Department Page 14

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Exercise 2 - Operations
Question:
2a)Write a program to compute distance between two points taking input from the user
(Pythagorean Theorem)
Program:
import math
x1=input("enter value to x1:")
x2=input("enter value to x2:")
y1=input("enter value to y1:")
y2=input("enter value to y2:")
x=x2-x1
y=y2-y1
distance=math.sqrt((y**2)+(x**2))
print "distance between the 2 points = ",distance
Output:

Question:
2b)Write a program add.py that takes 2 numbers as command line arguments and prints
its sum.
Program:
import sys
a=int(sys.argv[1])
b=int(sys.argv[2])
c=a+b
print c

Output:

CSE Department Page 15

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Exercise - 3 Control Flow

Question:
3a)Write a Program for checking whether the given number is a even number or not.
Program:
n=input("enter value to n:")
if n%2==0:
print("Given number is an even number")
else:
print("Given number is not an even number")
print("Program end")
Output:

Question:
3b)Using a for loop, write a program that prints out the decimal equivalents of 1/2, 1/3,
1/4, . . . , 1/10
Program:
for i in range(1,11,1):
n=(1.0/i)
print("Result of {}/{} is {}".format(1,i,n))
Output:

CSE Department Page 16

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Question:
3c)Write a program using a for loop that loops over a sequence. What is sequence ?
Description:
Sequence: In python, sequence is the generic term for an ordered set. There are
several types of sequences in python. The following 3 are most important among them.
 List: It is a type of sequence – we can use it to store multiple values, and access
them sequentially, by their position, or index, in the list. List is a mutable data
structure.
 Tuple: Python has another sequence type which is called tuple. Tuples are similar
to lists in many ways, but they are immutable.
 String: String is a special type of sequence that can only store characters and
they have a special notation.
Program:
n=input("enter no. of elements:")
list=[]
for i in range(0,n):
x=input("enter element into the list:")
list.append(x)
print list
Output:

Question:
3d)Write a program using a while loop that asks the user for a number, and prints a
countdown from that number to zero
Program:
n=input("enter value to n:")
while n>=0:
print n
n=n-1
print("Program end")

CSE Department Page 17

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Output:

CSE Department Page 18

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Exercise 4 - Control Flow - Continued

Question:
4a) Find the sum of all the primes below two million
Program:
m = 2000000
numbers = set(xrange(3, m + 1, 2))
for number in xrange(3, int(m ** 0.5) + 1):
if number not in numbers:
continue
num = number
while num < m:
num += number
if num in numbers:
numbers.remove(num)
print "sum of prime numberes less than 2 million = ",2 + sum(numbers)
Output:

Question:
4b)Each new term in the Fibonacci sequence is generated by adding the previous two
terms. By starting with 1 and 2, the first 10 terms will be:
1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, ...
By considering the terms in the Fibonacci sequence whose values do not exceed four
million, find the sum of the even-valued terms.
Program:
f1=1
f2=0
f3=0
fsum=0
while f3<4000000:
f3=f1+f2
f1=f2
f2=f3
if f3%2==0:
fsum+=f3
print("sum of even-valued terms={}".format(fsum))

CSE Department Page 19

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Output:

CSE Department Page 20

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Exercise - 5 - DS
Question:
5a)Write a program to count the numbers of characters in the string and store them in a
dictionary data structure
Program:
s=raw_input("enter the string ")
no_char=0
for x in s :
no_char+=1
#d={s:no_char}
d=dict([(s,no_char)])
print "the number of characters in the given string",no_char
print d
Output:

Question:
5b)Write a program to use split and join methods in the string and trace a birthday with a
dictionary data structure.
Program:
from collections import Counter
birthdays={
"surekha":"6/22/1999",
"divya":"10/13/1999",
"sushma":"9/17/1998",
"prasanna":"03/4/1999"
}
#print birthdays.split("/")

CSE Department Page 21

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

num_to_string = {
1: "January",
2: "February",
3: "March",
4: "April",
5: "May",
6: "June",
7: "July",
8: "August",
9: "September",
10: "October",
11: "November",
12: "December"
}
months = []
mn=","
for name, birthday_string in birthdays.items():
month = int(birthday_string.split("/")[0])
months.append(num_to_string[month])
print(Counter(months))
print mn.join(Counter((months)))
Output:

CSE Department Page 22

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Exercise - 6 DS - Continued
Question:
6a)Write a program combine_lists that combines these lists into a dictionary.
Program:
list1=['Py','R','CG','MFCS','DLD','DS']
list2=[14,11,6,11,14,11]
combine_lists=dict(zip(list1,list2))
print combine_lists
Output:

Question:
6b)Write a program to count frequency of characters in a given file. Can you use
character frequency to tell whether the given file is a Python program file, C program file
or a text file?
Program:
fname=raw_input("enter file name")
f=open(fname,'r')
c=0
s=f.read()
d={x:c for x in s}
for i in d :
d[i] = s.count(i)

CSE Department Page 23

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

if ' ' in d :
del d[' ']
if '\n' in d :
del d['\n']
print "the frequency of characters are :"
print d
if fname.endswith(".py") :
print "it is a python file"
elif fname.endswith(".c") :
print "it is a c file "
elif fname.endswith(".txt") :
print "it is a text file"
else :
print "it is a file rather than python,c,test file"
f.close()
Output:

CSE Department Page 24

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Exercise - 7 Files
Question:
7a)Write a program to print each line of a file in reverse order
Program:
f=open("sample.txt","w")
line1="this is the first line:\n"
line2="this is the second line:\n"
line3="this is the third line:\n"
f.write(line1)
f.write(line2)
f.write(line3)
f.close()
print('***METHOD 1***')
f=open("sample.txt",'r')
count=0
while count < 4:
l1=f.readline()
print(l1[::-1])
count+=1
f.close()
#2
print("\n\n***METHOD 2***")
with open('sample.txt','r') as f2 :
for x in f2:
print(x[::-1])\

Output:

CSE Department Page 25

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Question:
7b)Write a program to compute the number of characters, words and lines in a file.
Program:
myfile=open(“student.txt”,”r”)
numchars=0
numlines=0
numwords=0
for line in myfile:
numchars=numchars+len(line)
numlines=numlines+1
wordslist=line.split(",")
numwords=numwords+len(wordslist)
print "total number of characters",numchars
print "total number of lines",numlines
print "total number of words",numwords
myfile.close()

Output:

CSE Department Page 26

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Exercise - 8 Functions
Question:
8a)write a function ball_collide that takes two balls as parameters and computes if they
are colliding.your function should return a Boolean representing whether or not the balls
are colliding
Program:
import math
def ball_collide(b1,b2):
x=b2[0]-b1[0]
y=b2[1]-b1[1]
d=math.sqrt(x**2+y**2)
r=b1[2]+b2[2]
if(d<=r):
return True
else:
return False
b1=(4,5,6)
b2=(7,8,9)
print ball_collide(b1,b2)
Output:

CSE Department Page 27

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Question:
8b)Find mean, median, mode for the given set of numbers in a list
Program:
def mean(l):
sum=0
for i in l:
sum+=i
n=len(l)
m=float(sum/n)
print "mean",m
def median(l):
n=len(l)
sum=0
l.sort()
if(n%2==0):
sum=l[n/2]+l[(n/2)+1]
m=float(sum/2)
else:
m=l[(n+1)/2]
print"median",m
def mode(l) :
count=0
s=set(l)
d={x:count for x in s}
for k in d :
d[k]=l.count(k)
m=max(d.values())
for i,j in d.items() :
if j==m :
print "Mode is :",i

CSE Department Page 28

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

listx=input("enter list")
mean(listx)
median(listx)
mode(listx)
Output:

CSE Department Page 29

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Exercise - 9 Functions – Continued

Question:
9a)Write a function nearly_equal to test whether two strings are nearly equal. Two strings
a and b are nearly equal when a can be generated by a single mutation on b
Program:
def mutate(word):
out_list = []
letters = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
for i in range(len(word) + 1):
for j in range(26):
out_list.append(word[:i] + letters[j] + word[i:])
for i in range(len(word)):
out_list.append(word[:i] + word[i + 1:])
for i in range(len(word)):
for j in range(26):
out_list.append(word[:i] + letters[j] + word[i + 1:])
current_word = []
out_word = ''
for i in range(len(word) - 1):
for j in range(i + 1, len(word)):
current_word = []
for symbol in word:
current_word.append(symbol)
current_word[i], current_word[j] = current_word[j], current_word[i]
for symbol in current_word:
out_word += symbol
out_list.append(out_word)
out_word = ''
return out_list
def nearly_equal(word1, word2):
return word1 in mutate(word2)
print nearly_equal('vasavi', 'sasi')
print nearly_equal('vasavi', 'vasaki')
print nearly_equal('see','sea')

Output:

CSE Department Page 30

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Question:
9b)Write a function dups to find all duplicates in the list
Program:
def dubs(l) :
dup_s=set()
for x in l:
if l.count(x)>1 :
dup_s.add(x)
l.remove(x)
print "the duplicates are :",dup_s
print "after removing duplicates:",l
li=[]
n=input("enter no of elements in the list:")
for i in range(n) :
e=input()
li.append(e)
print "the given list is :",li
dubs(li)
Output:

Question:
9c)Write a function unique to find all the unique elements of a list.
c
def unique_list(l):
x = []
for a in l:
if a not in x:
x.append(a)
return x
print(unique_list([1,2,9,9,9,4,5]))

CSE Department Page 31

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Output:

CSE Department Page 32

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Exercise - 10 - Functions - Problem Solving

Question:
10a)Write a function cumulative_product to compute cumulative product of a list of
numbers
Program:
def cproduct_list(mylist):
product = 1
cproduct = []
for i in mylist:
product = product * i
cproduct.append(product)
return cproduct
print "start main"
n=input(" how many elements are needed to be entered into a list")
mylist=[]
for i in range(0,n):
l=input("enter list element")
mylist.append(l)
print "cumulative product of a list of numbers : ",cproduct_list(mylist)
Output:

Question:
10b)Write a function reverse to reverse a list. Without using the reverse function
Program:
def reverse(list):
reversed_list= []
for i in range(1,len(list)+1):
x = list[len(list)-i]
reversed_list.append(x)
return reversed_list

CSE Department Page 33

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

print "start main"

n=input("how many elements are needed to be entered into a list")
mylist=[]
for i in range(0,n):
l=input("enter list element")
mylist.append(l)
print "Reversed list is : ",reverse(mylist)
Output:

Question:
10c)Write function to compute gcd, lcm of two numbers. Each function shouldn’t exceed
one line.
Program:
def gcd(*numbers):
from fractions import gcd
return reduce(gcd, numbers)
def lcm(*numbers):
def lcm(a, b):
return (a * b) // gcd(a, b)
return reduce(lcm, numbers, 1)
print "start main"
print "lcm: ",lcm(12,4,8)
print "gcd: ", gcd(12,4,8)
Output

CSE Department Page 34

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Exercise 11 - Multi-D Lists

Question:
11a)Write a program that defines a matrix and prints
Program:
from __future__ import print_function
m=int(input("enter matrix row in size m:"))
n=int(input("enter matrix column size n:"))
x=[[0]*n for i in range(m)]
for i in range(m):
for j in range(n):
print("entry in row:",i,"column:",j)
x[i][j]=int(input())
print("marix is:")
for i in range(m):
for j in range(n):
print(x[i][j],end=' ')
print()
Output:

CSE Department Page 35

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Question:
11b)Write a program to perform addition of two square matrices
Program:
from __future__ import print_function
m=int(input("enter matrix row in size m:"))
n=int(input("enter matrix column size n:"))
x=[[0]*n for i in range(m)]
y=[[0]*n for i in range(m)]
res=[[0]*n for i in range(m)]
for i in range(m):
for j in range(n):
print("entry in row:",i,"column:",j)
x[i][j]=int(input())
print("first matrix:")
for i in range(m):
for j in range(n):
print(x[i][j],end=' ')
print()
for i in range(m):
for j in range(n):
print("entry in row:",i,"column:",j)
y[i][j]=int(input())
print("second matrix:")
for i in range(m):
for j in range(n):
print(y[i][j],end=' ')
print()
for i in range(len(x)):
for j in range(len(x[0])):
res[i][j]=x[i][j]+y[i][j]
print("sum of matrices is:")
for i in range(m):
for j in range(n):
print(res[i][j],end=' ')
print()

CSE Department Page 36

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Output:

CSE Department Page 37

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Question:
11c)Write a program to perform multiplication of two square matrices.
Program:
from __future__ import print_function
m=int(input("enter matrix row in size m:"))
n=int(input("enter matrix column size n:"))
x=[[0]*n for i in range(m)]
y=[[0]*n for i in range(m)]
res=[[0]*n for i in range(m)]
for i in range(m):
for j in range(n):
print("entry in row:",i,"column:",j)
x[i][j]=int(input())
print("first matrix:")
for i in range(m):
for j in range(n):
print(x[i][j],end=' ')
print()
for i in range(m):
for j in range(n):
print("entry in row:",i,"column:",j)
y[i][j]=int(input())
print("second matrix:")
for i in range(m):
for j in range(n):
print(y[i][j],end=' ')
print()
for i in range(len(x)):
for j in range(len(x[0])):
for k in range(len(x[0])):
res[i][j]=res[i][j]+(x[i][k]*y[k][j])
print("product of matrices is:")
for i in range(m):
for j in range(n):
print(res[i][j],end=' ')
print()

CSE Department Page 38

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Output:

CSE Department Page 39

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Exercise - 12 – Modules
Question:
12a)Install packages requests,flask and explore them using pip
Pip:
 Pip is a package management system(tool) used to install and manage software packages
written in python
 Many packages can be found in the python package index(pyPI)
 Python 2.7.9 and late(on the python series) and python 3.4 and later include pip(pip3 for
puthon3) by default
 One major advantage of pip is the ease of its command-line interface which makes
installing pip software packages as eay as issuing one command
Pip install some-package-name
Users can also easily remove the package
Pip uninstall some-package-name
Downloading and installing pip:
Step-1:goto https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installing/
Step2:click on get-pip.py
Step3:save it on desktop with same name
Step4:double click on get-pip.py on your desktop
Step5:goto command prompt
Step6:type the following command for pip installed or not
pip

To install requests package

pip install requests
To install flask package
pip install flask

CSE Department Page 40

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Output:
Install pip requests package

Install flask package

CSE Department Page 41

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Question:
12b)Write a script that imports requests and fetch content from the page. Eg. (Wiki)
Installing Wikipedia:
Step1:download Wikipedia 1.4.0 from https://pypi.python.org/pypi/wikipedia
Step2:place the Wikipedia module in python27/lib folder
Step3:install the Wikipedia module as follows:
 Open command prompt
 Type c:/python27
 Type pip install Wikipedia
Step4:type program as with the filename as wikiex.py
Wikiex.py
import wikipedia
print wikipedia.summary(“wikipedia”)
ny=wikipedia.page(“sri_vasavi_engineering_college”)
print “title”,ny.title
print”url”,ny.url
print “content”,ny.content
print “links”,ny.links[0]
Output:

CSE Department Page 42

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Question:
12c)Write a simple script that serves a simple HTTPResponse and a simple HTML Page
Program:
Server.py:
from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
import os
class KodeFunHTTPRequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
def do_GET(self):
rootdir = 'c:/xampp/htdocs/'
try:
if self.path.endswith('.html'):
f = open(rootdir + self.path)
self.send_response(200)
self.send_header('Content-type','text-html')
self.end_headers()
self.wfile.write(f.read())
f.close()
return
except IOError:
self.send_error(404, 'file not found')
def run():
print('http server is starting...')
server_address = ('127.0.0.1', 80)
httpd = HTTPServer(server_address, KodeFunHTTPRequestHandler)
print('http server is running...')
httpd.serve_forever()
if __name__ == '__main__':
run()

client.py:

import httplib
import sys
http_server = sys.argv[1]
conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(http_server)
while 1:
cmd = raw_input('input command (ex. GET index.html): ')
cmd = cmd.split()
if cmd[0] == 'exit':
break
conn.request(cmd[0], cmd[1])
rsp = conn.getresponse()
print(rsp.status, rsp.reason)
data_received = rsp.read()
print(data_received)
conn.close()

CSE Department Page 43

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

vasavi.html
<html>
<head><title>CSE-C ROCKS</title></head>
<body>
<h1>sri vasavi engineering college</h1>
<h2>pedatadepalli</h2>
<h3>tadepalligudem</h3>
</body>
<html>
HOW TO RUN SERVER PROGRAM
Step1:open command prompt to start the server
Step2:goto python27(c:/python27)
Step3:type command as follows
Python server.py
HOW TO RUN CLIENT PROGRAM
Step1:open command prompt
Step2:goto python27(c:/python27)
Step3:type the following command to execute the client program
Python client.py 127.0.0.1
Step4:type the following command to display the content
GET vasavi.html

CSE Department Page 44

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Exercise - 13 OOP
Question:
13)Class variables and instance variable and illustration of the self variable
i) Robot
ii) ) ATM Machine
i) Program1:Robot
class Robot:

population = 0

def __init__(self, name):

self.name = name
print('(Initializing {0})'.format(self.name))
Robot.population += 1

def __del__(self):
print('{0} is being destroyed!'.format(self.name))
Robot.population -= 1
if Robot.population == 0:
print('{0} was the last one.'.format(self.name))
else:
print('There are still {0:d} robots working.'.format(Robot.population))

def welcome(self):
print('Welcome, my masters call me {0}.'.format(self.name))

def howMany():
print('We have {0:d} robots.'.format(Robot.population))
howMany = staticmethod(howMany)

droid1 = Robot('Kalyan Robo')

droid1.welcome()
Robot.howMany()

droid2 = Robot('Vasavi Robo')

droid2.welcome()
Robot.howMany()

print("\nRobots can do some work here.\n")

print("Robots have finished their work. So let's destroy them.")

del droid1
del droid2

Robot.howMany()

CSE Department Page 45

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Output:

ii) ATM Machine

class ATM:
balance=10000
def showBalance(self):
print("Balance Rs ",ATM.balance)
def withdraw(self):
print("Balance Rs ",ATM.balance)
self.Withdraw=float(input("Enter Withdraw amount Rs "))
if self.Withdraw>0:
self.forewardbalance=(ATM.balance-self.Withdraw)
print("Foreward Balance Rs ",self.forewardbalance)
elif self.Withdraw>ATM.balance:
print("No funs in account")
else:
print("None withdraw made")
def deposit(self):
print("Balance RS ",ATM.balance)
self.Deposit=float(input("Enter deposit amount Rs "))
if self.Deposit>0:
self.forewardbalance=(ATM.balance+self.Deposit)
print("Forewardbalance Rs ",self.forewardbalance)
else:
print("None deposit made")
def quit(self):
exit()

CSE Department Page 46

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

while(True):
print "Welcome to SBI ATM"

print("""
1) Balance
2) Withdraw
3) Deposit
4) Quit
""")
Option=int(input("Enter Option: "))
obj=ATM()
if Option==1:
obj.showBalance()
if Option==2:
obj.withdraw()
if Option==3:
obj.deposit()
if Option==4:
obj.quit()

Output:

CSE Department Page 47

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Exercise - 14 GUI, Graphics

Question:
14a)Write a GUI for an Expression Calculator using tk
Program:
from Tkinter import *
import math

class calc:
def getandreplace(self):
"""replace x with * and ÷ with /"""

self.expression = self.e.get()
self.newtext=self.expression.replace(self.newdiv,'/')
self.newtext=self.newtext.replace('x','*')

def equals(self):
"""when the equal button is pressed"""

self.getandreplace()
try:
self.value= eval(self.newtext) #evaluate the expression using the eval function
except SyntaxError or NameErrror:
self.e.delete(0,END)
self.e.insert(0,'Invalid Input!')
else:
self.e.delete(0,END)
self.e.insert(0,self.value)

def squareroot(self):
"""squareroot method"""

self.getandreplace()
try:
self.value= eval(self.newtext) #evaluate the expression using the eval function
except SyntaxError or NameErrror:
self.e.delete(0,END)
self.e.insert(0,'Invalid Input!')
else:
self.sqrtval=math.sqrt(self.value)
self.e.delete(0,END)
self.e.insert(0,self.sqrtval)

def square(self):
"""square method"""

self.getandreplace()
try:
self.value= eval(self.newtext) #evaluate the expression using the eval function

CSE Department Page 48

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

except SyntaxError or NameErrror:

self.e.delete(0,END)
self.e.insert(0,'Invalid Input!')
else:
self.sqval=math.pow(self.value,2)
self.e.delete(0,END)
self.e.insert(0,self.sqval)

def clearall(self):
"""when clear button is pressed,clears the text input area"""
self.e.delete(0,END)

def clear1(self):
self.txt=self.e.get()[:-1]
self.e.delete(0,END)
self.e.insert(0,self.txt)
def action(self,argi):
"""pressed button's value is inserted into the end of the text area"""
self.e.insert(END,argi)

def __init__(self,master):
"""Constructor method"""
master.title('Calulator')
master.geometry()
self.e = Entry(master)
self.e.grid(row=0,column=0,columnspan=6,pady=3)
self.e.focus_set() #Sets focus on the input text area
self.div='÷'
self.newdiv=self.div.decode('utf-8')
#Generating Buttons
Button(master,text="=",width=10,command=lambda:self.equals()).grid(row=4,
column=4,columnspan=2)
Button(master,text='AC',width=3,command=lambda:self.clearall()).grid(row=1,
column=4)
Button(master,text='C',width=3,command=lambda:self.clear1()).grid(row=1, column=5)
Button(master,text="+",width=3,command=lambda:self.action('+')).grid(row=4,
column=3)
Button(master,text="x",width=3,command=lambda:self.action('x')).grid(row=2,
column=3)
Button(master,text="-",width=3,command=lambda:self.action('-')).grid(row=3, column=3)
Button(master,text="÷",width=3,command=lambda:self.action(self.newdiv)).grid(row=1,
column=3)
Button(master,text="%",width=3,command=lambda:self.action('%')).grid(row=4,
column=2)
Button(master,text="7",width=3,command=lambda:self.action('7')).grid(row=1,
column=0)
Button(master,text="8",width=3,command=lambda:self.action(8)).grid(row=1, column=1)
Button(master,text="9",width=3,command=lambda:self.action(9)).grid(row=1, column=2)
Button(master,text="4",width=3,command=lambda:self.action(4)).grid(row=2, column=0)
Button(master,text="5",width=3,command=lambda:self.action(5)).grid(row=2, column=1)
CSE Department Page 49
Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Button(master,text="6",width=3,command=lambda:self.action(6)).grid(row=2, column=2)
Button(master,text="1",width=3,command=lambda:self.action(1)).grid(row=3, column=0)
Button(master,text="2",width=3,command=lambda:self.action(2)).grid(row=3, column=1)
Button(master,text="3",width=3,command=lambda:self.action(3)).grid(row=3, column=2)
Button(master,text="0",width=3,command=lambda:self.action(0)).grid(row=4, column=0)
Button(master,text=".",width=3,command=lambda:self.action('.')).grid(row=4, column=1)
Button(master,text="(",width=3,command=lambda:self.action('(')).grid(row=2, column=4)
Button(master,text=")",width=3,command=lambda:self.action(')')).grid(row=2, column=5)
Button(master,text="√",width=3,command=lambda:self.squareroot()).grid(row=3,
column=4)
Button(master,text="x²",width=3,command=lambda:self.square()).grid(row=3, column=5)
#Main
root = Tk()
obj=calc(root) #object instantiated
root.mainloop()

Output:

CSE Department Page 50

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Question:

1. 14b)Write a program to implement the following figures using turtle

Program1:
from turtle import Turtle, Screen
from itertools import cycle
ANGLE = 15
colors = ["green", "blue", "red"]
def spiral(turtle, radius, color_names):
colors = cycle(color_names)
for i in range(360 // ANGLE):
turtle.pensize(4)
turtle.color(next(colors))
turtle.circle(radius)
turtle.left(ANGLE)
yertle = Turtle(visible=False)
yertle.speed("fastest")
spiral(yertle, 170, colors)
screen = Screen()
screen.exitonclick()
Output:

CSE Department Page 51

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

(OR)
Program1:
import turtle
turtle.bgcolor("yellow")
turtle.color("red")
turtle.pensize(10)
for angle in range(0,360,30):
turtle.seth(angle)
turtle.circle(100)
OUTPUT:

Program2:
import turtle
my_turtle = turtle.Turtle()
my_turtle.speed(0)
def square(length, degree):
for i in range(4):
my_turtle.forward(length)
my_turtle.left(degree)
for i in range(36):
square(200,90)
my_turtle.left(10)
Output:

CSE Department Page 52

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Exercise - 15 – Testing

Question:
15a)Write a test-case to check the function even_numbers which return True on passing
a list of all even numbers
Program:
Evenno.py:
def check_even(numbers):
for m in numbers:
if m%2 == 0 :
return True
else :
return False
test_all_even.py:
import unittest
from evenno import check_even

class TestUM(unittest.TestCase):

def test_even_numbers(self) :
self.l=input("enter a list of numbers")
self.flag=input("enter True if given list of numbers are even,enter False
otherwise")
self.assertEqual( check_even(self.l),self.flag)
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
Output:

CSE Department Page 53

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Question:
15b)Write a test-case to check the function reverse_string which returns the reversed
string
Program:
reverse_string.py:
def reverse(str_to_reverse):
return str_to_reverse[::-1]
test_reverse_string.py:
from reverse_string import reverse
import unittest
class ReverseStringTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test_string_is_reversed(self):
test_str=raw_input("Enter sample text")
result_expected=raw_input("enter reverse text")
result_actual = reverse(test_str)
self.assertEqual(result_expected, result_actual)
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()

Output:

CSE Department Page 54

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Exercise - 16 – Advanced
Question:
16a)Build any one classical data structure.
Program:
class Node :
def __init__( self, data ) :
self.data = data
self.next = None
self.prev = None

class LinkedList :
def __init__( self ) :
self.head = None

def add( self, data ) :

node = Node( data )
if self.head == None :
self.head = node
else :
node.next = self.head
node.next.prev = node
self.head = node

def search( self, k ) :

p = self.head
if p != None :
while p.next != None :
if ( p.data == k ) :
return p
p = p.next
if ( p.data == k ) :
return p
return None

def remove( self, p ) :

tmp = p.prev
p.prev.next = p.next
p.prev = tmp

def __str__( self ) :

s = ""
p = self.head
if p != None :
while p.next != None :
s += p.data
p = p.next
s += p.data
return s

CSE Department Page 55

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

# example code
l = LinkedList()

l.add( '11' )
l.add('22')
l.add( '33' )

print l
l.remove( l.search('22') )
print
print l
Output:

Question:
b) Write a program to solve knapsack problem.
Program:
def itemSize(item): return item[0]
def itemValue(item): return item[1]
def itemName(item): return item[2]

exampleItems = [(3,3,'A'),
(4,1,'B'),
(8,3,'C'),
(10,4,'D'),
(15,3,'E'),
(20,6,'F')]

exampleSizeLimit = 32

def pack1(items,sizeLimit):
if len(items) == 0:
return 0
elif itemSize(items[-1]) > sizeLimit:
return pack(items[:-1],sizeLimit)
else:
CSE Department Page 56
Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

return max(pack(items[:-1],sizeLimit),
pack(items[:-1],sizeLimit-itemSize(items[-1])) +
itemValue(items[-1]))

def pack2(items,sizeLimit):
def recurse(nItems,lim):
if nItems == 0:
return 0
elif itemSize(items[nItems-1]) > lim:
return recurse(nItems-1,lim)
else:
return max(recurse(nItems-1,lim),
recurse(nItems-1,lim-itemSize(items[nItems-1])) +
itemValue(items[nItems-1]))
return recurse(len(items),sizeLimit)
def pack3(items,sizeLimit):
P = {}

def recurse(nItems,lim):
if not P.has_key((nItems,lim)):
if nItems == 0:
P[nItems,lim] = 0
elif itemSize(items[nItems-1]) > lim:
P[nItems,lim] = recurse(nItems-1,lim)
else:
P[nItems,lim] = max(recurse(nItems-1,lim),
recurse(nItems-1,lim-itemSize(items[nItems-1])) +
itemValue(items[nItems-1]))
return P[nItems,lim]

return recurse(len(items),sizeLimit)

def pack4(items,sizeLimit):
P = {}
for nItems in range(len(items)+1):
for lim in range(sizeLimit+1):
if nItems == 0:
P[nItems,lim] = 0
elif itemSize(items[nItems-1]) > lim:
P[nItems,lim] = P[nItems-1,lim]
else:
P[nItems,lim] = max(P[nItems-1,lim],
P[nItems-1,lim-itemSize(items[nItems-1])] +
itemValue(items[nItems-1]))
return P[len(items),sizeLimit]
def pack5(items,sizeLimit):
P = {}
for nItems in range(len(items)+1):
for lim in range(sizeLimit+1):
if nItems == 0:
CSE Department Page 57
Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

P[nItems,lim] = 0
elif itemSize(items[nItems-1]) > lim:
P[nItems,lim] = P[nItems-1,lim]
else:
P[nItems,lim] = max(P[nItems-1,lim],
P[nItems-1,lim-itemSize(items[nItems-1])] +
itemValue(items[nItems-1]))

L = []
nItems = len(items)
lim = sizeLimit
while nItems > 0:
if P[nItems,lim] == P[nItems-1,lim]:
nItems -= 1
else:
nItems -= 1
L.append(itemName(items[nItems]))
lim -= itemSize(items[nItems])

L.reverse()
return L

print pack5(exampleItems,exampleSizeLimit)
Output:

CSE Department Page 58

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

Add-on Experiments

CSE Department Page 59

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

5.Add-on Experiments
1) Write a simple script to display a simple HTML Page for APPLICATION FORM.
2) Swapping of 2 numbers with parameterized Constructors.

1) Program: Write a simple script to display a simple HTML Page for APPLICATION
FORM

import webbrowser
f = open('hello2.html','w')
message = """<html>
<body>
<form action="">
Select ur name:<input type="text" name="userid">
<br>
Select ur initial:<input type="text" name="usersurname">
<br>
Select Gender:
<input type="radio">Male
<input type="radio">Female
<br>
Select Hobbies:
<input type="checkbox"> dancing
<input type="checkbox"> reading
<input type="checkbox"> singing<br>
Select Qualification:<select>
<option>ssc</option>
<option>inter</option>
<option>btech</option>
</select><br>
<input type="Submit" name=b1 value="submit">
<input type="Submit" name=b1 value="clear">
</form>
</body>
</html>"""
f.write(message)
f.close()
webbrowser.open_new_tab('hello2.html')

CSE Department Page 60

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

OUTPUT

2) Swapping of 2 numbers with parameterized Constructors:

class MyClass:
def __init__(self,var1,var2):
self.a=var1
self.b=var2
print("before swap")
print(self.a,self.b)
def swapping(self):
global t
t=self.a
self.a=self.b
self.b=t
print("after swap")
print(self.a,self.b)
m=MyClass(10,20)
m.swapping()

OUTPUT
before swap
(10, 20)
after swap
(20, 10)

CSE Department Page 61

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

References

CSE Department Page 62

Sri Vasavi Engineering College (A8)

6.References

1. Python Programming: A Modern Approach, Vamsi Kurama, Pearson

2. Learning Python, Mark Lutz, Orielly
3.Python Programming,Problem Solving Approach,Oxford Publications-Reema Thareja
4. www.tutorialspoint.com
5. https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/examples
6. http://www.sanfoundry.com/python-problems-solutions/

CSE Department Page 63