Physical Science Q4 Week 5 v2
Physical Science Q4 Week 5 v2
Physical Science Q4 Week 5 v2
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FOREWORD
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OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson the learners are expected to:
K- discuss the various light phenomena;
S- describe the various light phenomena; and
A- show awareness of the different light phenomena
by relating it to life experiences.
LEARNING COMPETENCY
Explain various light phenomena such as:
A. Your reflection on the concave and convex sides of a spoon looks
different
B. Mirages
C. Light from a red laser passes more easily though red cellophane
than green cellophane
D. Clothing of certain colors appear different in artificial light and in
sunlight
E. Haloes, sundogs, primary rainbows, secondary rainbows
and supernumerary bows.
F. Why clouds are usually white and rainclouds dark
G. Why the sky is blue and sunsets are reddish
(S11/12PS-lvh-66)
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I. WHAT HAPPENED
Try this!
PRE-TEST
1. CAVENOC
2. XEVCON
3. WONBRIA
4. RAMIGE
5. ALSER
6. LOAH
7. RENCETERFINE
8. LANGE
9. SPRIM
10. STESNU Keep going!
A B
1. It is known as diverging mirror.
A. Convex
2. It is the other term for converging mirror.
3. The deceptive appearance of a distant B. Concave
object. C. Halo
4. It projects all wavelengths the eyes can
D. Mirage
perceive.
5. The various circles/arcs of light around the E. Sun moon
sun or caused by refraction of light. F. Sundog
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II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
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Figure 1: Types of Spherical Mirror
Source: https://byjus.com/physics/concave-convex-mirrors/
Concave Mirror
If a hollow sphere is cut into parts and the outer surface of
the cut part is painted, then it becomes a mirror with its inner
surface as the reflecting surface.
Convex Mirror
If the other cut part of the hollow sphere is painted from
inside, then its outer surface becomes the reflecting surface. This
kind of mirror is known as a convex mirror. A convex mirror is also
known as a diverging mirror as this mirror diverges light when they
strike on its reflecting surface. Virtual, erect, and diminished
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images are always formed with convex mirrors, irrespective of the
distance between the object and the mirror. Apart from other
applications, the convex mirror is mostly used as a rearview mirror
in vehicles.
Key Points:
• The image formed by a plane mirror is erect. It is virtual and is of
the same size as the object. The image is at the same distance
behind the mirror as the object is in front of it.
• In an image formed by a mirror, the left side of the object is seen
on the right side in the image, and right side of the object appears
to be on the left side in the image.
• A concave mirror can form a real and inverted image. When the
object is placed very close to the mirror, the image formed is
virtual, erect and magnified.
❖ Mirages
Mirages are optical illusions that have fooled many thirsty
explorers.
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Figure 3: Mirage formation
http://www.planet-science.com/categories/under-11s/our-world/2012/01/what-is-a-
mirage.aspx
Normally, light waves from the sun travel straight through the
atmosphere to your eye. But, light travels at different speeds
through hot air and cold air.
Mirages happen when the ground is very hot and the air is cool.
The hot ground warms a layer of air just above the ground.
When the light moves through the cold air and into the layer of
hot air it is refracted (bent).
A layer of very warm air near the ground refracts the light from the
sky nearly into a U-shaped bend. Our brain thinks the light has
travelled in a straight line.
Our brain doesn't see the image as bent light from the sky.
Instead, our brain thinks the light must have come from something
on the ground.
Mirage in optics is the deceptive appearance of a distant object
or objects caused by the bending of light rays (refraction) in layers
of air of varying density.
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Figure 4. The normal path of light rays carrying a direct image is shown by the black line.
Under the right atmospheric conditions, the light rays may dip into a layer of hot air and then
bend upward (red line) so that to an observer they appear to come from the ground.
Figure 5. The normal path of light rays carrying a direct image is shown by the black
line. Under the right atmospheric conditions, the light rays may dip into a layer of hot air and
then bend upward (red line) so that to an observer they appear to come from the ground.
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❖ Light from a red laser passes more easily through red cellophane
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colors, and therefore they cannot be reflected. As a result, the
appearance of the material is limited to the color of the light
falling upon it and then reflected.
https://www.quora.com/Clothes-viewed-under-artificial-light-in-a-shop-appear-to-
have-a-slightly-different-color-when-viewed-outside-Why-does-this-happen
Figure 7: Halo
Halo is the term for various circles or arcs of light around the
sun or Moon, caused by refraction of light as it moves through ice
crystals in the atmosphere. If colors are present the reddish tones
are at the inner part of the rings. Halos are large - in the most
common halo, the angle between the centre and the ring is 22
degrees (approximately the angle defined by the span of a hand
at arm's length, as in this example), but other even larger halos are
also possible.
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Figure 8: Sundog
https://msu.edu/~murrayl3/Coursework/LightPaper.pdf, Lauren Murray SME 301, Section 3
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observer's eye, while red light from the same drop is incident
elsewhere.
Simultaneously, red light from the lower drop enters the observer's
eye and violet light is not seen. This is why the colors of a
secondary rainbow change from violet on the top to red on the
bottom.
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altogether. There is almost always some washing out of
colors, and the bows show much green and red in them,
and not the other colors in the spectrum.
When the sky gets darker, it’s a sign to get our umbrellas and
rain coats ready for a heavy rain coming. But do you know why it
gets darker?
Rain clouds are usually a darker shade of gray because the
light doesn't scatter to the base that it appears gray as you look
from the ground.
Clouds are formed when radiant energy from the sun heats
the water, the water molecules gets excited and continuous
absorption of energy results to evaporation.
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scatter the light of the seven wavelengths (red, orange, yellow,
green, blue, indigo, and violet), combining to produce visible
white light.
Rain clouds are gray instead of white because of their
thickness, or height — the thicker it gets, the less light it scatters,
consequently, less light penetrates all the way through. The larger
the water droplets get, the more it is efficient at absorbing light,
rather than scattering it. This explains why rain clouds get darker
shade of grey.
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scatter blue light more strongly than red light. Because of this, the
tiny gas molecules that make up our Earth’s atmosphere (mostly
oxygen and nitrogen) scatter the blue portion of sunlight in all
directions, creating an effect that we see as a blue sky.
Blue Sky
Within the visible range of light, red light waves are scattered
the least by atmospheric gas molecules. So at sunrise and sunset,
when the sunlight travels a long path through the atmosphere to
reach our eyes, the blue light has been mostly removed, leaving
mostly red and yellow light remaining. The result is that the sunlight
takes on an orange or red cast, which we can see reflected from
clouds or other objects as a colorful sunset (or sunrise).
Sunset
Small particles of dust and pollution in the air can contribute
to (and sometimes even enhance) these colors, but the primary
cause of a blue sky and orange/red sunsets or sunrises is scattering
by the gas molecules that make up our atmosphere. Large
particles of pollution or dust scatter light in a way that changes
much less for different colors. The result is that a dusty or polluted
sky is usually more grayish white than blue.
Similarly, cloud droplets (typically 10 millionths to 100
millionths of a meter) are much larger than visible light waves, so
they scatter light without much color variation. This is why light
scattered by clouds takes on the same color as the incoming light.
For example, clouds will appear white or gray at midday and
orange or red at sunrise or sunset. In this way, clouds act as a
screen on which nature’s colors are painted. This is why sunsets or
sunrises are so much prettier when some clouds are available to
show us the colors.
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POST ACTIVITY:
Explore more!
Directions:
1. First, predict whether light will be absorbed, reflected, or
transmitted.
2. Guess what color you expect the resultant light to be when a
flashlight is directed towards the surface of every material.
3. Write your guessed answers for Directions 1 & 2 in the 2nd column
of the table.
4. Test your hypotheses by directing the flashlight towards the
surface of every material listed in the table.
5. Write your observations in terms of color of light produced and the
light phenomenon (whether absorbed, reflected, or transmitted)in
the 3rd column of the table.
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III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
POST TEST
A. Identification
Identify the given statement below and write your answers in
the notebook.
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References
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL
ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMS)
ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
PSDS – Division Science Coordinator
MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)
ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)
JOAN Y. BUBULI
Writer
Noelyn Siapno
Lay – Out Artists
________________________________
ALPHA QA TEAM
LIEZEL A. AGOR
EUFRATES G. ANSOK
JOAN Y. BUBULI
MA. OFELIA BUSCATO
LIELIN A. DE LA ZERNA
DEXTER D. PAIRA
BETA QA TEAM
LIEZEL A. AGOR - BESAS
JOAN Y. BUBULI - VALENCIA
LIELIN A. DE LA ZERNA
PETER PAUL A. PATRON
THOMAS JOGIE U. TOLEDO
DISCLAIMER
The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide
accessible learning modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The
contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the set
learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to
information and illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to copyright
and may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written consent from the division.
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SYNOPSIS
This Self-Learning Kit deals with the description
of various light phenomena. Students will then
develop their senses to observe the
different optical phenomena. They will then
identify how the interaction of light from the
Sun or the Moon with certain components of
the atmosphere which results to optical
phenomena.