Lecture 1

Course No.
: PME 411
Instructor : Aurpita Sen Gupta
Lecturer, Dept. of PME,
CUET 4349.
Introduction
1. Types and Purposes of Well Testing
2. Fundamental of Fluid Flow through Porous Media
3. Ei Function Solution
4. Principle of Superposition
5. Pressure Drawdown Test
6. Pressure Build up Test
7. Application of Type Curves
8. Interference; Pulse and vertical permeability testing; Drill Stem Test; Wireline and slick
line formation Test; Reservoir limit test; Repeat formation tester (RFT).
9. Test Design
10.Computer Aided Well Test Interpretation
 At the end of the course, attendee should be able to:
1. Interpret Pressure Draw Down and Pressure Buid up Test data by Classical(Semi-log)
method
2. Interpret the above by Type Curves
3. Interpret the above by using modern well testing software
4. Interpret Drill Stem Test and Wireline Conveyed test
 References
1. Lee W. J., Rollins J. B. and Spivey J. P., Pressure Transient Testing, SPE Textbook Series Vol
9 (2003)
2. Lee J., Well Testing, SPE Textbook Series Vol 1 (1982)
3. Thormod Ekely Johansen, Principles of Well Test Interpretation. EN 9111.
4. Horne R. N, Modern Well Testing- A Computer Aided Approach, Petroway (1990)
 Stabilized Pressure (Deliverability Test)
 Flow after Flow
 Isochronal
 Modified Isochronal
 Pressure Transient test

 Single Well
• Pressure Draw Down (PDD)
• Pressure Build Up (PBU)
• Injection
• Fall Off
 Multi Well
 Interference test
 Pulse test
 Special tests
 DST
 WFT
 Vertical Connectivity test
 Slug test
 Surge test
 Production test (Single point)
 Separator Test
 Leak off test
 Reservoir Evaluation: Need to know a reservoir’s deliverability, properties & size
 kh product (reservoir conductivity): governs how fast fluid can flow to the well
 Reservoir pressure: how much potential energy is there
 Reservoir limits: how much fluid is there
 Near wellbore condition: damaged or stimulated
 Reservoir Management: Monitor performance
 Changes in average reservoir pressure
 Select candidates for work over
 Reservoir description: Detect faults, barriers, inter well & inter-layer connectivity,
compartments
 Procedure:
A well that is static, stable, and shut in is opened to flow.
Flow rate is measured at surface, while pressure is
measured at downhole. Ideally, the flow rate should be
constant. The pressure versus time data is analyzed together
with other reservoir and well parameters to interpret the
test.
 Information obtained:
k, s, reservoir limit (drainage area), properties of natural
and induced fractures
 Advantage:
No revenue loss due to shut in
 Difficulties
 Difficult to maintain constant flow rate
 Unstabilized conditions before the test interfere with the pressure response
 ’True reservoir response” may be distorted by near wellbore effects such as
wellbore storage, skin, fractures etc., and by boundary effects
 Average reservoir pressure cannot be obtained
 Interpretation
 Semilog plot of pwf versus t: k, s
 log-log plot of Δp versus t.: twbs, Cs
 Type curves: k, s, Cd
 Procedure:
A well which is already flowing (ideally at a constant rate)
is shut in, and downhole pressure is measured. The
pressure versus time data is analyzed together with other
reservoir and well parameters to interpret the test.
same as PDD, plus average reservoir pressure
 Advantage:
Constant flow rate is easily obtained (during the shut in
period- ‘0’ is also a rate!)
 Difficulties
 Difficult to obtain constant rate prior to shut in
 Rate fluctuation must be addressed by either super-position of multirates, or by
pseudo producing time
 Data distortion similar to PDD
 Revenue loss due to shut in
 Interpretation
 Semilog plot of pwfs versus Horner time ratio (tp+Δt/ Δt ) : k, s
 log-log plot of Δp versus Δt .: twbs, Cs
 Procedure:
Fluid injected into reservoir at a constant rate while
pressure is recorded. The pressure versus time data is
analyzed together with other reservoir and well parameters
to interpret the test.
Conceptually identical with PDD test, with a –ve flow rate.
Estimate k, s, reservoir limit (drainage area), properties of
natural and induced fractures, mobility of fluid banks
 Advantage:
Easier to control rate
 Difficulties
 ’True reservoir response’ may be distorted by near wellbore effects such as
wellbore storage, skin, fractures etc, and by boudary effects
 Multiphase effects unless injected and reservoir fluids are almost identical
 Interpretation
 Procedure:
The pressure versus time data is recorded after
injection is stopped. Then pressure versus time
data is analyzed together with other reservoir
and well parameters to interpret the test.
Conceptually identical with PBU test, with a ‘0’
flow rate. Estimate k, s, reservoir limit (drainage
area), properties of natural and induced
fractures, mobility of fluid banks
 Advantage:
Easier to control rate
 Difficulties
 ’True reservoir response’ may be distorted by near wellbore effects such as
wellbore storage, skin, fractures etc., and by boundary effects
 Multiphase effects unless injected and reservoir fluids are almost identical
 Interpretation
 Procedure:
One well is produced (active well),
pressure is measured at a different well
(observation well)
 Information Obtained:
Inter well connectivity, directional
permeability, φct
 Advantage:
• Useful to estimate reservoir
properties over a greater length scale
• Regardless of pressure change
induced at the active well (PBU, PDD,
Injection, FO)
 Difficulty:
Needs sensitive instruments, longer time
 Interpretation:
Type Curve
 Procedure:
Coded signal is sent from
active to observation well.
Signal is generated by
alternating flow and shut-in
periods
 Information Obtained:
Inter well connectivity,
directional permeability, φct
 Advantage:
Useful to estimate reservoir properties over a greater length scale
 Limitation:
Needs sensitive instruments, longer time
 Interpretation:
Special graphs and figures
 Well testing is an important technique to estimate various reservoir/well
parameters such as k, s, Pavg, reservoir limit (drainage area), distance to
boundaries, inter well connectivity, etc.
 These information are used at various stages of a reservoir development
 There are different types and descriptions for well testing

Lecture 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecture 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecture 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Course No.

 Pressure Transient test

You might also like