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SIMPLIFIED MODEL FOR DESIGN RCC BOX CULVERTS BY STAAD.PRO

Article  in  Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences · January 2018

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 VOL. 13, NO. 22, NOVEMBER 2018 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2018 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.

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SIMPLIFIED MODEL FOR DESIGN RCC BOX CULVERTS

BY STAAD.PRO
Abdul Kareem M.B. Al-Shammaa
University of kufa, Faculty of Physical Planning, Iraq
E-Mail: abdulkareem.baqir@uokufa.edu.iq

ABSTRACT
Reinforced concrete box culvert consists of top slab, bottom slab and two vertical side walls built monolithically
which form a closed hollow rectangular or square single cell or multiple cells. Culverts are required to be used under earth
embankment to construct and pass roads or railways at the moment for crossing of water from both sides of earth
embankment. Current of great rivers and their tributaries in my country have encouraged me to go ahead to find simplified
method for design box culvert. This research focuses on analysis and design of single cell by software “STAAD.Pro” on a
segment in one meter length from culvert barrel to produce a plane structure like instead of space structure. The structure
is subjected to various types of loads and supported by a bed of springs instead of soil interaction according to Winkler's
modeling. The author believes that he is able to create a method which is quick, accurate and optimal solution for design
RCC box culvert. This paper was carried out using ACI-code 2011 with SI units.

Keywords: box culvert, RCC culvert, single cell, soil interaction, spring stiffness.

1. INTRODUCTION 2. EXPERIMANTAL PROCEDURE

Tigris and Euphrates are two great rivers in Iraq To know the details of the study, the structural
having many tributaries which need to construct more box analysis and design will be focused on the culvert that has
culvert to facilitate the construction of roads and railways the following characteristics:
passing through water streams. A culvert is a cross-
drainage structure having types such as box, pipe and RCC A. Geometry
Solid Slab Culverts. RCC box culvert is the most common  Total length of culvert is equal 15 meters. Segment in
and its structural components are top slab (called, deck), one meter length will be taken to perform the analysis
base slab (called, invert) and two vertical side walls and design so that consider the structure as a plane
( called, upright) built monolithically which form a closed instead of space structure.
hollow rectangular or square single cell or multiple cells.  Depending on the discharge data every ten years, the
By reading and browsing a number of research papers, highest level of water in front of the culvert is one
anyone can find many methods to analysis and design box meter. Choose, squire section single cell with
culvert such as finite element, moment distribution, dimensions (2x2 ) meters. Precisely, the
genetic algorithms…etc. Sometimes these methods used dimensions can be chosen from the equation
manual calculations or software. All of these methods are
correct, but need more time and effort. So, this paper deals  Thickness of all components will be chosen equal to
with study of simplified method for design single cell 400mm, as a condition that not less than sixth of
RCC box culvert using software STAAD.ProV8i dimensions. So, D=2+0.4=2.4m.
according to ACI-code 2011, after inserting modification
to the culvert structure. B. Loads Analysis
The Winkler's model was used to represent the After the verification and collection of the field
structure supported by a bed of springs instead of soil data, the worst case of loading that applied to the culvert
interaction. The earliest use of these springs to represent barrel will be calculated.
the interaction between soil and foundation has been The Loads that applied to the deck are:
attributed to Winkler (1876). In its classical form the,  Due to earth embankment,
Winkler method assumes each spring is linear and acts
independently from the others, and that all the springs
have the same stiffness This representation has the
desired effect of increasing the bearing pressure beneath
the columns, and thus is a significant improvement over
the rigid method. However, it is still only a coarse
representation of the true interaction between mats and  Due to live loads,
soil ( Hain and Lee, 1974, Horvath, 1983, Coduto, 2001).

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 VOL. 13, NO. 22, NOVEMBER 2018 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2018 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.

www.arpnjournals.com

 Due to wheel loads as shown in Figure-1, Summary of loads that applied to the uprights,
= 25.2+6.7=32
The Loads that applied to the invert due to water
[ ] pressure are,

[ ]
C. Input File
Summary of loads that applied to the deck, To provide the simplified culvert model which is
= 46.6+14.5+13=74.1 suggested as shown in fig.3, the following well be
considered:
a) Invert member well be divided in to four members
each 0.5m to induce springs at the ends of each
member to create bed springs as that Winkler has
denoted.
b) (Bowles, 1996) has suggested the following for
approximating soil stiffness ,

(7)
= 40(2)(80) =6400

For the inner support at intermediate nodes of

invert member,
Figure-1. Dispersion of wheel loads.
KFY will be calculated equal to,
KFY=6400(0.5*1.00)= 3200kN/m,
The loads that applied to the uprights according
While for the outer supports,
to diagram shown in Figure-2 are:
KFY=6400(0.25*1.00)= 1600kN/m.
 Due to earth pressure,
 The input file content the following date,

at top outer edge of the culvert section,

while at bottom,
. Easily, pressure can be considered
as uniform distributed and its amount,

( )

( )
 Due to surcharge of live loads,

( )
Figure-3. The simplified model .

STAAD PLANE .......... analysis and design of the culvert

START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 31-Jan-18
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER KN
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 2 2 0 0; 3 2 2 0; 4 0 2 0; 5 0.5 0 0; 6 1 0 0; 7 1.5 0
0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
Figure-2. Pressure diagram on uprights. 1 1 5; 2 2 3; 3 3 4; 4 4 1; 5 5 6; 6 6 7; 7 7 2;
DEFINE MATERIAL START

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 VOL. 13, NO. 22, NOVEMBER 2018 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2018 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.

www.arpnjournals.com

ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.17185e+007
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 23.5616
ALPHA 1e-005
DAMP 0.05
TYPE CONCRETE
STRENGTH FCU 27579
END DEFINE MATERIAL
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
1 TO 7 PRIS YD 0.4 ZD 1
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL
SUPPORTS
1 2 FIXED BUT MZ KFY 1600
5 TO 7 FIXED BUT MZ KFY 3200
LOAD 1 LOADTYPE None TITLE LOAD CASE 1
SELFWEIGHT Y -1 Figure-4. Displacement diagram, drawn by STAAD.Pro.
MEMBER LOAD
1 5 TO 7 UNI GY -10
3 UNI GY -71.1
4 UNI GX 25.2
2 UNI GX -25.2
PERFORM ANALYSIS
PRINT ANALYSIS RESULTS
START CONCRETE DESIGN
CODE ACI
UNIT MMS NEWTON
FYMAIN 350 ALL
FC 25 ALL
CLS 75 ALL
CLB 75 ALL
CLT 75 ALL
MAXMAIN 20 ALL
MINSEC 6 ALL
DESIGN BEAM 1 TO 7
END CONCRETE DESIGN
FINISH

D. Output File Figure-5. Actions and reactions, draw by STAAD.Pro.

From Figure-4 till Figure-7 are drawn for whole
structure by STAAD.Pro except of fig. 8. As a result of
STAAD.Pro has no facility to draw main reinforcement
details for whole structure, the author is drawn Figure-8
according to the data of the outputs.

Figure-6. Bending moment diagram, draw by

STAAD.Pro.

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 VOL. 13, NO. 22, NOVEMBER 2018 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2018 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.

www.arpnjournals.com

be calculated by the users according to ACI.Code as

follow,
for deck and invert,

= 0.002(400)(1000)=800 ,
for uprights,
= 0.0025(400)(1000)= 1000 .

 Reinforcement ratio ( for maximum bending

moment is less than the minimum ( .

Therefore, STAAD.Pro calculates an equal
reinforcement area from ( for all effective
sections. As mentioned in ACI.Code,
Max. bending moment =29.55 .

Figure-7. Shear force diagram, draw by STAAD.Pro.

[ √ ]

[ √ ]

√ √

So, use

as shown in Figure-8.
Figure-8. Reinforcement details, draw by the author. 4. CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of this study, the following
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSIONS conclusions are drawn:
 Several methods have been tackled in the analysis and This study focuses on reinforcement concrete box
design of RCC box culverts for researchers in this culvert having single cell so that space structure for culvert
field. By comparing this simplified method with the barrel transformed to the plane structure represent
previous methods, there is no noticeable difference in segment of one meter length.
the values and shape of the bending moment and Plane structure is subjected to the various type of
loads and supported on bed springs equivalent to the soil
shear force diagrams.
interaction according to Winkler's model.
 Spacing between the springs is installed by trial and Closer of spacing between springs, mean more accurate
error method till a logical space was reached. Closer values that can be obtained for outputs of STAAD.Pro
of spacing means more accurate values that are such as bending moments, shear forces and support
obtained for the outputs, especially that for invert reactions.
members. Finally, The author believes that he is able to
 Symmetry of section properties and loads applied to create a simplified method which is quick, accurate and
optimal solution for design RCC box culvert by using SI
the culvert barrel, causes that Joint displacement,
units, ACI-Code 2011 and software STAAD.Pro.
support reactions, bending moment and shear force
diagrams are symmetrical also. NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS
 STAAD.Pro provided main reinforcement without
secondary. Area of secondary reinforcement rate of discharge each 10 years, .
V flow velocity 0f water,
for resistance shrinkage and temperature stresses must
A cross sectional area,
D outer dimensions of culvert section, m.

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 VOL. 13, NO. 22, NOVEMBER 2018 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2018 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.

www.arpnjournals.com

d depth of earth embankment, 3m. [9] Wang C., Salmon C.G. and Pincheira J.A. 2007.
width of road or width of top earth embankment, Reinforced Concrete Design, 7th Edition, Wiley,
8m.
width of the base earth embankment or effective USA. pp. 581-592.
width of dispersed loads, as a result of assume that
the angle of dispersion and side slope of earth [10] Hassoun M. N. and Al-Manaseer A. 2008. Structural
embankment is the same and equal to 2:1. So, in Concrete Theory and Design, 4th Edition. Wiley,
both cases is equal to d+ 11m. USA. pp. 581-592.
density of wet soils, .
distributed live load, .
P concentrated wheel loads. According to AASHTO
[11] Nilson, A.H., Darwin, D., and Dolan, C.W., Design of
the load of vehicles (HS20-44) is equal to Concrete Structures, 14th Edition, McGraw-Hill,
(16000Ib=70kN ) and the distance between two USA, 2010. pp. 300-320.
wheels centers, (6ft=1.8m).
a width of double wheel, (2ft=0.60m). [12] Davis, C.V. 1990. Hand Book of Applied Hydraulics.
angle of soil friction, for sandy soil taken
density of water, .
McGraw-Hill, USA.
allowable bearing capacity for the soil, .
S.F safety factor depend on type of soil. For sandy soil [13] Abdulkareem M.B. Al-Shamma. 2014. Novel
taken 2. Flowchart for Design of Concrete Rectangular Beams.
KFY spring stiffness for supports as denoted by IJSER. 5: 231-233.
STAAD.Pro, kN/m.
specified compressive strength of concrete, MPa.
[14] Abdulkareem M.B. Al-Shammaa. 2014. Create Shear
specified yield strength of steel, MPa.
b width of concrete section, mm. Stair for Reinforcement of Concrete Beams. IJ RET.
3(1): 412-414.
REFERENCES

[1] 2011. ACI Committee 318. Building Code

Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-11),
American Concrete Institute, Detroit, USA.

[2] Bowles, J. E, P.E., S.E. 1996. Foundation Analysis

and Design, Fifth Edition, McGraw-Hill, USA. pp.
503-506.

[3] Coduto, D.P. 2001. Foundation Design Principles and

Practices, second edition, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey,
USA. pp. 358.

[4] Komal S.Kattimani, R.Shreedhar. 2013. Parametric

Studies of Box Culverts", IJRES. 1(1): 58-65.

[5] Siva Rama Krishna, Ch. Hanumantha Rao. 2017.

Study on Box Culvert Soil Interaction. IJCIET. 8(1):
734-738

[6] Abdul-Hassan K. Al. Shukur1, Mohammed Abbas Al.

Jumaili2, Hawraa Ali Hussein 3. 2014. Optimal
Design of Reinforced Concrete Box Culvert by Using
Genetic Algorithms Method. IJSER. 5(1): 1890-1898.

[7] PAUL TOM P. 2014. Analysis and Design of Bridge

and Culvert. M. Eng. Thesis, National Institute of
Cnology, Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, India.

[8] Sujata Shreedhar1, R.Shreedhar2. Design coefficients

for single and two cell box culvert. IJCSER. 3(3):
475-494.

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