Subject: - “ARAMCO” Examination‘s of Master &Mates

As most of you will be aware, “ÁRAMCo” are conducting their own examinations of all Master and Mates on board all Contracted
vessels. Depending on the result of such examination, the respective person either “PASS” or “FAIL”, as far as “ÁRAMCo” inspectors
are concerned.
If the Former, the individual has clearance from “ÁRAMCo” to be appointed on board, but if the latter, the individual is not
considered to be acceptable to “ÁRAMCo” for employment on any vessel working in their offshore areas, and the Company have no
option then in turn has to be examined by “ÁRAMCo”.
Obviously this has caused major administrative and financial problem for the Company, over which we unfortunately have no control.
It is stressed that for obvious reason we need all Master and mates to “PASS” the examination, and to this end, we show below, as list of
the items upon which questions are likely to be asked by the “ÁRAMCo” examiner.
Questions for Evaluation of Master & Mates
To be completed 15-30 minutes.
Knowledge of International Regulation for Preventing Collision at Sea:
ALL (WHOLE)
1. Day & Night & Fog signal for vessel under way?
= (Two-Side; Two-Top; Stern // “▬” every 2 minutes, ‘ T’)

2. Day & Night & Fog signal for vessel not make way from water?
= (Two-Side; Two-Top; Stern // Two red light 360,0o // “▬ ▬” every 2 minutes – 2 sec, ‘M’)
3. Day & Night & Fog signal for vessel at anchor?
=(Ball // White Bow-Stern mast light 360,0o // “•▬ •” Rapidly ring after signal, ‘R’)

4. Day & Night & Fog signal for vessel aground? = (Three Ball // Two Red light 360, 0o //
“•••” separate stroke on the bell
“• ▬ •“Rapidly ring after signal + given
“•••” separate stroke on the bell, ‘S’‘R’‘S’)

5. Day & Night & Fog signal for vessel Pilot? ?

= (Top-White/ Down-Red; Side; Stern // “▬” + “••••”,‘H’)
6. Day & Night & Fog signal for vessel trawling (seismic)?
7. Day & Night & Fog signal for vessel tow? = (Ball – Diamond – Ball // Diamond //
Two-Side; Three-Four-Top; Stern; Tow; Red –White - Red; “▬ ••”,‘D’)

8. Day & Night & Fog signal for vessel towing?

= (Diamond // Two-Side; Stern; // after tow signal “▬ ••” every 2 min) ( or … ?)

9. Day & Night & Fog signal Vessels constrained by draft?

= (Cylinder // Two-Side; Two-Top; Stern // Three Red light 360,0o // “▬ ••”, ‘D’)

10. Day & Night & Fog signal Vessel restricted in their ability to manoeuvring?
= ( Ball – Diamond – Ball // Red –White - Red light 360,0o // “▬ ••”, ‘D’)

•
11. Day & Night & Fog signal Vessel engage mine clearance? =(• • Three ball, Three green light 360,0o //
Two Diamond – Two Ball from side)
12. Day & Night & Fog signal Vessel dredger operational? = (Ball – Diamond – Ball // Two Diamond – Two Ball;
Two-Side; Two Top; Stern; Red –White - Red; Two Red 360,0o/ Two Green 360,0o “▬ ••”,‘D’)

13. Day & Night & Fog signal Vessel Not Under command?
= ( Two Ball // Two Red light 360,0o) // “▬ ••”,‘D’)

14. Visibility, arc navigation lights?

Top 225,0o - 6 miles;
Side 112,5o – 3 miles; Stern –Tow 135,0o – 3 miles;
Stern –Tow 135,0o – 3 miles;
Anchor 360,0o – 3 miles, Red/White/Red – 3 miles

Time of sounding short blast = 1-2 sec; Prolong blast 5 second

15. Maneuvering signal?
= (“•”’E’ – Alter my course s/s; “••” ‘I’– a/c P/side; “•••” ‘S’– My engine work the stern)
16. Overtake signals?
(“▬ ▬ •”’G’- Overtake S/s; “▬ ▬ ••”’Z’– Overtake P/s; “▬ • ▬ •”’C’– Agree)
17. Warning signal?
=(“•••••” – Attention, I can not understood You attended)
18. Single letter signal and their significance?
A ALFA •▬ DIVER DOWN. KEEP CLEARE
B BRAVO DANGEROUS CARGO
C CHARLIE ▬•▬• YES
D DELTA ▬•• KEEP CLEARE
E EKHO • ALTERING COURSE TO STBD
F FOXTROT DISABLE
G GOLF ▬▬• WANT A PILOT
I INDIA •• ALTERING COURSE TO PORT
J JULIET ON FIRE—KEEP CLEARE
K KILO ▬•▬ DESIRE TO COMMUNICATION
L LIMA STOP INSTANTLY
M MIKE ▬▬ I AM STOPPED
N NOVEMBER ▬• NO
O OSKAR ▬▬▬ MAN OVERBOARD
P PAPA •▬▬• ABOUT TO SAIL
Q QUEBEK REQEST PRATIQUE
R ROUMIO •▬• NONE
S SIERRA ••• ENGINES GOING ASTERN
T TANGO ▬ KEEP CLEARE FROM ME
U UNIFORM •• ▬ STANDING INTO DANGER
V VICTOR REQUEST ASSISTANCE
W WHISKEY REQUEST MEDICAL ASSISTANCE
X X-RAY STOP YOU ATTENTION
Y YANKEE •▬•▬ I AM DRAGGING ANCHOR
Z ZULU ▬▬•• REQUIRE TUG
Time of sounding short blast = 1-2 sec; Prolong blast 5 second.

19. Action to take when vessels are reciprocal course?

(“•”’E’ – Alter my course s/s; “••” ‘I’– a/c P/side; “•••” ‘S’– My engine work the stern)
MEETING HEAD-ON - Power vs. Power
Neither vessel is the stand-on vessel. Both vessels should
keep to the starboard (right).

20. Action to take when vessels are crossing vessel?

The give way vessel passing from the stern of crossing vessel
21. Action to take when vessels are overtaking one another?
(“▬ ▬ •”’G’- Overtake S/s; “▬ ▬ ••”’Z’– Overtake P/s; “▬ • ▬ •”’C’– Agree)

22. What kind of vessel exhibits three red lights in a vertical line?
Vessels constrained by draft
23. What is the sound signal for restricted visibility?
“▬” every 2 minutes, ‘ T’
1 prolong every 2 minutes
24. What are the necessary precautions to be taking when vessel is on restricted visibility?
St/by to maneuvering for prevent collision (safe speed- eng. ready for immediately maneuver- make fog signal-
radar on – 2 watch keeping
25. Precautions to adopt in condition of poor visibility?
Keep 2 watches looking in bridge + 2 radar working
26. What will you do, when in poor visibility?
Keep 2 watch looking in out side the bridge in 2 wing-reduce the speed – all time st/by engine for
maneuvering- 2 radar working
27. Action to take when vessels are negotiating areas of shallow water?
Reduce speed and st/by anchor-st/by eng to maneuvering- echosounder on
28. Lights & Fog signal for Oil platforms ?
= (“ ••▬” // “U”)

29. What to do before leaving or enter the harbor?

= (Ask Permition)
30. What to do before enter or leaving OIL FIELD?
= (Ask Permition)
31. Maximum speed in harbors and estuaries.
= (5 knots – 8 knots)
32. International channel. 16
33. Explain: - 4 Cardinal marks (North; South; East; West – what color?)
North Topmark points up, black band above yellow band
East Topmark points outward, (The apex point OUT WARDS), black band above and below yellow band.
South Topmark points down, black band below yellow band.
West Topmark points inward,black band between yellow bands
34. Light & Sharpe Special Buoys. (What are special mark buoys). Refer the page below.
color?)
35. What Top mark of a cardinal buoy to East of a Shoal?
Black with yellow band

East Cardinal
Buoy
36. Chart symbols for; - Light, Depth, and Nature of Bottom. Definition Racon (ARAMCO-Additional
sheet.)

Identify Oil pipelines: Use & Disused Trenched (Berried), Power lines,
Trunk lines, Marked pipeline.

Dryind Hights

Depth of water over Pipelines, Crossing Pipelines. Drying heights, Wreck symbols,

TIDAL HEIGHTS - Information and Prediction

So much for the theory of the tides.

What we want to be able to do in practice is predict a) how deep the water is and b) how fast
it is moving at any given time. This section outlines all the sources of tidal information and
explains how you use them.

However before we start, let us look at the tidal terms that are used so that we can fully
understand the information as it is given to us.

Tidal Terms and Explanation

First high water and low water.

This refers to when the tide is fully “up” and fully “down”. We talk about the time of high or
low water, and the height of high or low water.

Next tidal range.

This is the difference between the heights of high water and low water at any particular place.
It is generally given in meters. As explained above, the range is greater at spring tides and
smaller at neap tides (spring range is greater than neap range).

If we want to work out the depth somewhere at a particular time, what we need is to know:

a) what is the absolutely minimum depth that can ever happen, and
b) how much extra depth we are getting because the tide is part way up.

The first part of this is very easy, because it

is the depth that is printed on the chart
(charted depth).

Depths are referred to the level of chart

datum, which is the level of lowest
astronomical tide (LAT): i.e. the lowest
low water that we can ever expect in normal
circumstances. Figure 5 illustrates this.

A note in passing: the weather can affect the

height of the tide but this generally by a
small amount, and difficult to predict. So we
tend to ignore it. Lowest astronomical tide
means the lowest tide caused by the moon
and sun, but the water could get even lower
in exceptional weather.

The extra depth we get because of the tide is

called the height of tide at the particular
time we’re interested in, and the following
sections work out how to predict this.

So then the actual depth will be: charted

depth + height of tide.

There are some places on the chart which are

above the water when the tide is low. For
these places the chart needs to tell you the
“depth” at LAT, and of course in this case it
will be a negative depth. It is marked as such
on the chart by underlining it, and it is called
the drying height. Figure 5 illustrates this.

One more set of terms for completeness:

• mean high water springs (MHWS)

• mean high water neaps (MHWN)

• mean low water springs (MLWS)

• mean low water neaps (MLWN)

This idea is pretty simple. It is convenient to

know roughly how high and low the tide goes
at a particular place, so the average heights of
high and low water can be quoted for both
spring and neap tides. Figure 6 shows how
these heights relate to each other.

You can use this information to tell you some things you might want to know: for example, the
MHWS added to the charted depth at a particular place shows the average depth you will get
there at high water on spring tides - approximately the greatest depth you are ever going to
get there.

Use MLWS and it will tell you approximately the least depth you will ever get.

Finally when the tide is coming in we call it flooding, and when it’s going out it’s ebbing.

Selection of chart symbols

Danger line in general
Wreck, least depth unknown but usually deeper than 20
metres
Visible wreck
Wreck of which the mast(s) only are visible at Chart Datum

Wreck, least depth known obtained by sounding only

Wreck, least depth known, swept by wire drag or diver

Rock which covers and uncovers, height above Chart Datum

or
Rock awash at the level of Chart Datum
Underwater rock of unknown depth, dangerous to surface
navigation
Underwater rock of known depth, dangerous to surface
or navigation
Remains of a wreck, or other foul area, non-dangerous to
navigation but to be avoided by vessels anchoring, trawling etc.
Depth unknown, but considered to have a safe clearance to the
depth shown
Sounding of doubtful depth; Existence doubtful; Reported, but
not confirmed
Position approximate; Position doubtful
Wind turbine
or
Chimney
Tower; radio/television tower
Monument
Marina - boat harbour
Mosque, minaret
Silo
Tanks
Placeholder examples: Church (Ch) Tower (Tr) Hotel Cupola
(Cu) Chimney (Chy).
CAPITALS indicate that the landmark is conspicious.
Quarrie, mine
 Major light; minor light
More on lights in chapter 9

Limit of safety zone around offshore installation

Position of tabulated tidal stream data with designation “A”;

Tidal levels data “a”
Green or black buoys (symbols filled black): G = Green ; B =
Black
Single coloured buoys other than green and black: Y = Yellow ; R
= Red
Multiple colours in horizontal bands, the colour sequence is from
top to bottom
Multiple colours in vertical or diagonal stripes, the darker colour is
given first. W = White
More on buoys in chapter 9
Lighted marks on multicoloured charts, GPS displays and chart
plotters. A yellow coloured lobe indicates a White light! Also note
that beacons (here the rightmost symbol with the green light)
has an upright G, instead of an oblique G

Information in the chart

Depths reduced to chart datum: A sounding like 3 5 indicates 3½ metres of water
under Lowest Astronomical Tide (when the chart datum is “L.A.T.”). An underlined sounding like 0 4
indicates a height of 40 cm above L.A.T..
Heights above Chart Datum on drying areas are given in metres and decimetres. The metres
figure is underlined.
Depths are given from 0.1 to 20.9 in metres and decimetres, and from 21 to 31 in metres
and half metres. Greater depths are rounded down to the nearest safest metre (for example,
32.7 metres is rounded down to 32 metres).
The geographical position of a sounding is the centre of the depth figure.
Isobaths: Lines connecting positions with the same depth: depth contours.
Heights reduced to chart datum: Heights of for instance, lighthouses, mountains and
cliffs are more often reduced to another datum such as Mean High Water (M.H.W.) or Mean
High Water Spring.
Tidal information: Details of both the vertical (see chapter 7) and the horizontal (see
chapter 8) movement of the water is often included in the chart.
Lighthouses, Buoys & marks: Lights, lateral and cardinal marks, see chapter 9.
Seabed qualities: Pebbles, seaweed, rocks, wrecks, pipelines, sand and other seabed
characteristics for anchoring.
 37. Ascertain depth of water under keel. Minimum keel clearance. Centimeters.

37A South Safanya 1100 hrs, 29th June 2003, you have a draft 4, 3 m, a sounding of 6,2 m.
What is overall depth of water under keel? = (1, 9 meters)
37B What is depth of water at West pier Spit Buoy at 1000 hrs, on 29th December 2004 year.
= 4,7+0,72=5,42 meters.
38. Determine whether tide flooding or tide ebbing with tide table.

39. Familiarity with ARAMCO tide tables, Interpolation, & International & Explain terminology.
40. Definition of: L.A.T – Lowest Astronomical Tide (Chart datum - Zero of chart)
I.S.L.W – Indian Spring Low Water
H.A.T – Highest Astronomical Tide
M.S.L – Mean Sea Level
I. A. L. A– International Association Lighthouse Authority.
B.A. – British Admiralty Chart
S. U. R – Saudi Aramco Chart.
S. C. B. A– Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus.
E. E. B. D – Emergency Escape Breathing Device.
EPIRB – Emergency position indicating Radio Beacon.
SART – Search and Rescue Radar Transponder.
41.Calculate. Explain mean stability, and all abbreviations:
Ship’s D =1000; KG =4.0m, load W=200kg; KG = 5.0m. Find KG after load.
W KG M
1000 4.0 4000
200 5.0 1000 5000 : 1200 = 4.16 (4.17) KG after load.
1200 ? 5000
 G Centre of gravity LBP Length between perpendiculars
KG Centre of gravity above keel. ø Angle of inclination.
M Metacentre LOA Length over all.
B Moulded breadth of ship MLD Moulded draft of ship
GM Metacentric high
GZ Actual righting arms measured from G. KM Vertical distance of transverse metacentre M before
loading/discharging
LCF Longitinual centre of floatation MTC Meter per centimeter
LCB Longitinual centre of buoyancy MTI Inch per centimeter

How to calculate stability

How to Calculate the Curve from a Stability Booklet

(1) Enter with your Draft & Trim

(2) Find Displacement & KM from HYDROSTATIC Curve tables
(3) Construct table moments, using the following:-

Lightship Weight + KG
Capacities & KG's of Compartments/Tanks
Loaded KG
F.S.E.
GM/KG

Then Enter KN Curves to produce GZ's

Construct Curve
Check this against the Minimum Stability Criteria

Stability sums made easier

Stability Sums made easier

Drawing a stability problem makes it easier to understand

When working with a stability sum use the KG's for the vessels displacement and the weight that's being
loaded/discharged or shifted, forget the weights at the moment
Draw a big "E" as follows and insert 4 dots.
Name the bottom dot "K"
Name the middle dot "G"
Name the top dot "M"
Find if the weight being loaded/discharged is bigger than the vessels own KG or below it, if its bigger then
put g1 above the vessels own KG, if less than the vessels KG, then put g1 below the vessels KG
From the Keel lay off the distance for the vessels displacement (KG)
From the Keel lay off the distance for the weight loaded/discharged (Kg)
Subtract (KG from Kg1) this gives small "d"
If the weight is a shifted weight subtract where the weight was and where it is now (Kg1 - Kg2) = "d"

Using the formula:- Gg1 = w x d = W d (+ if loaded, - if discharged) (only use W if a shifted weight) (don't
use small d for shifted weight)
If using more than one weight, best to do a Table of moments

Remember these Formulas they are important

KG = KM - GM
GM = KM - KG
KM = KG + GM

Always add F.S.E. to KG or Subtract it from GM

Tables of Moments

Formula for a moment is Weight x KG

Loaded weights

item weight (tonnes) kg Moment (+) Moment (-)

Loaded Discharged
weight (+) weight (-)

Vessel 100,000 8.4 metres 840,000.00

Grain 20,000 2.9 metres ( + ) 58,000.00
Fuel 1,000 1.5 metres ( + ) 1,500.00
Water 300 1.9 metres ( + ) 570.00
Stores 3.8 3.9 metres ( + ) 14.82
 Total 121303.8 900,084.82

KG = Total Moments
Total Weight

7.420088
KG = 900,084.82= 7.420088
121,303.8

if required to round it up to 3 decimal figures (KG = 7.420)

Vessels final KG is 7.420 metres, the vessel has more draught and less freeboard

Discharged weights

item weight (tonnes) kg Moment (+) Moment (-)

Loaded Discharged
weight (+) weight (-)

Vessel 100,000 8.4 metres 840,000.00

Grain 20,000 2.9 metres ( - ) 58,000.00
Fuel 1,000 1.5 metres ( - ) 1,500.00
Water 300 1.9 metres ( - ) 570.00
Stores 3.8 3.9 metres ( - ) 14.82

Totals 121,303.8 840,000.00 60084.82

( - ) 60,084.82
779,915.18

KG = Total Moments
Total Weight

KG = 779,915.18= 6.429437330075397
121,303.8

if required to round it up to 3 decimal figures (KG = 6.430)

Vessels final KG is 6.430 metres, the vessel has less draught and more freeboard

Stability formulas
Stability Formulas

KM = KG + GM
KG = KM - GM
GM = KM - KG

Gg1 = w x d
........W ± w
"w" is the weight being loaded/discharged/shifted and "d" is the distance the centre of gravity is going to move

"W" is the total weight of the boat and "w" is the weight being taken onboard/discharged/shifted

Table of Moments

To find the total moment for the item being used including the vessel, multiplying the items weight by the
items KG
(Weight x KG = Moment)

Find the moments first then - If all items are loaded, add all the weights together as well as adding all the
moments together, then divide the total weights by the total moments to give you your new KG

Find the moments first then - If all items are discharged, subtract all the weights from the vessels weight as
well as subtracting all the moments from the vessels moments, then divide the total weights by the total
moments to give you your new KG

Find the moments first then - If items are loaded/discharged, add all the weights being loaded to the vessels
weight then subtract the discharged weight from the total loaded weight then all the loaded moments to the
vessels moments then subtract all the discharged moments from the total loaded moments, then divide the
total weights by the total moments to give you your new KG

Example

Weight tonnes metres Moments

Item loaded discharged KG Moment Moment
loaded (+) discharged (-)
Vessel 2000 (+) 4.2 8400
Fuel 200 (+) 1.9 380
Stores 10 (+) 3.9 39
Grain (discharged) 500 (-) 3.4 1700
Totals 2300 500 8819 1700
500 - 1700 -
Final Totals 1800 7119

KG = Final weight
.......Final moment

KG = 1800
.......7119

KG = 0.2528445 metres
KG = 0.253 (3 decimal figures)

More Formulas

Centre of Gravity = Total Moment

Total Weight

M.S.S. = W x Gz M.S.S. is Moment of Statical Stability

Gz = GM Sin Θ Where Θ is the angle of heel (Θ Theta symbol)

 2
T.P.C. = 1.024A.....Where (A) is the area of waterplane in Metres
100

Sinkage from SW to FW = Displacement inches

40 TPI

Sinkage = F.W.A. x 1.025 - dock water inches

1.025 -1.000

GZ = KN - KG x Sine Θ Where Θ is the angle of heel (Θ Theta symbol)

Always Add FSE to KG or Subtract FSE from GM

Ship stability made easier

Ships Stability Made Easier

The word "Stability" means if the vessel is heeled by an external force it has the ability to right herself
whether its transverse, statical or longitudinal stability.

From Author - Make sure you know whats in the stability book before going for an Oral Exam

Most vessels have a stability book and a common question from the captains is what are the loading
conditions in a stability book, this can vary for different vessels, best to have a look and see how many
loading conditions you have, this is an example

(1) The bare vessel without any stores or weights before going to sea
(2) The vessel loaded ready to go to sea
(3) Fishing vessels when they arrive at their fishing ground
(4) When they finish their fishing trip with 20% maximum catch onboard before leaving the fishing
grounds
(5) Before they arrive in harbour with 20% maximum catch
(6) When they finish their fishing trip with 100% maximum catch onboard before leaving the fishing
grounds
(7) Before they arrive in harbour with 100% maximum catch

Every vessel must check their vessels if taking a heavy load onboard to make sure the vessel does not
become top heavy, making the Centre of Gravity to rise up maybe above the Metacentre giving the vessel
a capsizing lever.

Caution must be maintained regarding a vessels stability when working North in winter months, Ice
accretion can easy catch an experienced seaman out, never let ice accumulate on your vessel, this will
give you an angle of loll.
 Cargo vessels have to make sure they can carry any materials by working out the area they have in their
hold and working out the mass of the material they're going to be taking aboard to make sure they can
take that material, every material has different masses

Fresh water has a mass of 1.000t per metres cubed

Sea water has a mass of 1.025t per metre cubed
These figures are important for summer and winter loadlines on cargo vessels
While coming into port with a fresh water river, if the vessel has been loaded up to her maximum loadlines
in a port that has sea water she will sink in a port with fresh water.

If your doing modifications to your vessel, get a stability captain down to make sure your vessel is safe to
go to sea, your altering the vessels stability, you might capsize.

A lot of vessels have been lost because of the effects of F.S.E.(Free surface effect) F.S.E. makes your
vessels GM smaller and is very dangerous
Try this for a demonstration of F.S.E.
Place a half full plastic lemonade bottle on the flat of your hand
don't grip the bottle and let the liquid move slowly
It will fall off your hand
Imagine what this does to a vessel!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Keep F.S.E. to a minimum.
Keep all water tight doors and hatches closed while at sea.
Keep the bilge's dry.
Never let freeing ports to become blocked.
When at sea, never turn your vessel with any quantity of water on your deck.

You have to now the stability criteria for your vessel,

(1) Area under curve up to 30 degrees not less than 0.055 metres radians
(2) Area under curve up to 40 degrees not less than 0.09 metres radians
(3) Area between 30 and 40 degrees not less that 0.03 metres radians
(4) Maximum Gz to occur at an angle not less than 25 degrees but maximum Gz should occur at an angle
exceeding 30 degrees
(5) Initial GM not less than 0.35 m for fishing vessels and 0.15 metres for merchant navy vessels
A radian equals 57.3 degree's

42. Which operation every day do it with ballast?

Sounding
43. What happens with stability in time of loading ?
Reduce
44. What is Free Surface Effect? Explain?

43. What is specific gravity of seawater? 1,025

44. What is meant by “fresh water allowance”? 1,00

45. What is meant by TPC / TPI (Tons Per Centimeters/ Inch) immersion.
= (The increase displacement due to a uniform increase in draught of one centimeter)
46. Load Line? Appropriate Load Line & Seasonal Zone/Draught Mark?

Deck line TF --Tropical fresh water load line

F -- Fresh water load line
TF T --Tropical load line
F S -- Summer load line
T W-- Winter load line
S WNA - Winter north Atlantic load line
W
WNA

47. Squat: - Explain, and action for reduce. Calculate.

Water depth
Squat
Squat is the increase in draught and trim that occurs when a ship moves on
the surface of the sea. At low speed, a ship sinks bodily and trims by the
head. At high speed, a ship bodily lifts and trims by the stern. At especially
high speed, the ship can plane. However, squat is greatest in shallow water
where the resulting increase in draught and trim can cause grounding. This, of
course, provides a further limit on speed in shallow water, consideration of
grounding due to squat being especially important if the under-keel clearance
is 10% or less of the draught and the speed is 70%
or more of the limiting speed. In shallow water, squat can be estimated by
adding 10% to the draught or 0.3 meters for every 5 knots of speed.
= (F max = 2 x C B x VK2 / 100 (C B =0,70m; K – Speed in Knots)) Brown’s Page 625-626.
For a vessel underway, the bodily sinkage and change of trim which are caused by the pressure distribution on the hull due to
the relative motion of water and hull. The effect begins to increase significantly at depth-to-draft ratios less than 2.5. It
increases rapidly with speed and is augmented in narrow channels.
48. What is GHA and Declination of a celestial body?
Greenwich hour angle. . Angular distance west of the Greenwich celestial meridian; the arc of the celestial equator, or the
angle at the celestial pole, between the upper branch of the Greenwich celestial
meridian and the hour circle of a point on the celestial sphere, measured westward from the Greenwich celestial meridian
through 360°; local hour angle at the Greenwich meridian.
declination. , n. 1. Angular distance north or south of the celestial equator; the arc of an hour circle between the celestial
equator and a point on the celestial sphere, measured northward or southward from the celestial equator through 90°, and
labeled N or S (+ or -) to indicate the direction of measurement. 2. Short for MAGNETIC DECLINATION.
49. Calculate compass error by SUN. Explain how you do it?
Explanation the determinate error of a celestial body (SUN)?
1.Time UTC; 2.Latitude; 3.Longetude; 4.Declanetion (D); 5.GCo - Deg º; 6.MCo - Degº;
7. In time UTC, find in Brown’s almanac GHA SUN, only hours.
8. Also in Brown’s find Increments (ICR) minutes & seconds, if data in table increase, it’s (+) or decrease (-).
9. GHA SUN + λ(long) = LHA (Pay attention 1º = 60’ // 60’ = 1º)
10. Go in table NORIE’S, entry the table “A”, only with LHA (deg) &ϕ (lat), find “A”.
11. Entry the table “B”, only with D and LHA, find “B”
12. If “A” South and “B” South then plus (+), “A+B=C”; if “A” North and “B” South deduction “A-B=C”.
13.”C”given name biggest mark South or North.
14. With “C” andϕ (lat), entry the table “C”, find Azimuth.
15. Azimuths have combination name, with receiving mean “C” & LHA. Name East or West, where stay ship.
50.” M.O.B / Williamson turn ” – Understood and Explain.

Williamson Turn

For this demonstration, assume you’re going Due North

Turn towards the side that the man fell overboard, (in this case he's fell over the
starboard side)

Alter till you see 060 degrees on your compass

Alter hard to port till you see 200 degrees on your compass

Square up your helm to amidships, this will take you down on a reciprocal course

THE MEAN WILLIAMSON TURN FOR MAN OVERBOARD RECOVERY IN OPEN WATER
1. Man overboard is declaring.
2. If victim in sight, first life ring “as soon as possible”.
3. If at night, second ring with light signal throw “as soon as possible”.
4. Word is passed quickly to the bridge. The time is noted.
5. Ring thrower is the spotter until chief officer arrives.
6. Captain // Mate note course, maintains speed, turns full right rudder.
7. When at original course plus 60 then turns port full rudder.
8. As approaching original course plus 180 rudders goes to.
9. Mate spotter directs master until victim in master’s sight.
10. For recovery safety victim to be to kept weather side of the vessel.
11. Mate supervises for crew victim recovery.
12. Ring with line is thrown to victim, vessel propulsion at stop.
13. Victim recovered from the sea, vessel back to underway.
14. First aid & evacuation procedures to be followed victim injured.
15. Entries to be made in vessel log book noting:
- Time overboard reported; Time recovery; Time Elapsed.
- Location/Weather/Sea condition.
- Comments for improvements – DRILLS.
- Name of crewmember - real incident.

51. VHF & SSB Distress frequencies.

Calling Frequency (VHF Ch-16) or a SSB Safety and Hailing Frequency (2182, 4125, 6215, 8291, 12290 or 16420 kHz, USB)
52. Five Distress signal. (Name & method of indicating)

(a) a gun or other explosive signal fired at intervals of about a minute;

(b) a continuous sounding with any fog-signaling apparatus;
(d) a signal made by radiotelegraphy or by any other signaling method consisting of the group . . .– – –. . . (SOS) in the
Morse Code;
(e) a signal sent by radiotelephony consisting of the spoken word “Mayday”;
(f) the International Code Signal of distress indicated by N.C.;
(g) a signal consisting of a square flag having above or below it a ball or anything resembling a ball;
(h) flames on the vessel (as from a burning tar barrel, oil barrel, etc.);
(i) a rocket parachute flare or a hand flare showing a red light;
(j) a smoke signal giving off orange-colored smoke;
(k) slowly and repeatedly raising and lowering arms outstretched to each side;
(l) the radiotelegraph alarm signal;
(m) the radiotelephone alarm signal;
(n) signals transmitted by emergency position-indicating radio beacons;
(o) approved signals transmitted by radio communication systems, including survival craft radar transponders.
(c) rockets or shells, throwing red stars fired one at a time at short intervals;
53. Four signal “ALARM”
FIRE (general alarm) 7 short + 1 long
MOB 3 long
Abandon ship 7 short + 1 long
GAS 2 short + 1 long

54. Hydrostatic releases: - purpose and Functions.

Once coming to under the water by pressure 2.5 happened open the LR
55. Life raft (Supply, Time check)

56. Knowledge of Safety Equipment (Individual & General)

57. Scrambler Net. Know. Explain

Each side for the vessel has 1 scrambler net (used in life salvage) on main deck port/starboard sides.

58. F. R. C. Know (Supply, Release) Explain.

Rescue boat for automatically relies

59. How to determine the presence of H 2 S at on Oil platform. What precaution action to take.
 1. Always enter any potential H 2 S Hazard Zone from the Upwind Direction.
2. Unless specifically instructed otherwise, always assume that an H 2 S Hazard exists.
3. Vessel crew should all wear SCBA ( ) Units when entering a potential H 2 S Hazard Zone.
4. H 2 S heavier than air and readily soluble in water.
5. The potential H 2 S Hazard can be substantially reduced by operating the vessel's Protective water spray
System & Fire Fighting Monitors in a full spray pattern.
60. In time GAS ALERT! When ship tie-up to RIG. What will you do?
Cast off All crew on deck coming inside the accommodation the vessel take the position up wind

61. When ship tie-up to RIG. You OOW, if on deck collapse man, from poisoning. What will you do?
Move affected person to fresh air. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If breathing has stopped,
give cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. Keep person warm and quiet.
62. What you do? For pull out from Rig, in time GAS ALERT?
63. If you are along side the platform, and you found out that there is a leaking. What will you do?
1. Do not enter any significant floating crude oil realize area.
2. Unless specifically confirmed by the Incident Command Post (ICP) always assume that an H 2 S Hazard
exists.
3. Approach the crude oil realize from the Upwind Direction.
4. Operate the Vessel Protective Waterspray System to minimize the potential ignition hazard.
5. Utilize the Vessel Fire Monitors in a protective waterspray nozzle pattern to disperse the floating
crude oil or to protect rescue craft or persons in the open sea.

64. Determine compass Error: Convert Compass to True True to Compass. Apply magnetic error.
(Variation is 3 W, Deviation is 2 E, Bearing 243 Compass, Defined try bearing) = True -2420
0 0 0

Remember the cadet rule compass to true add easterly, subtract westerly.
True to compass add westerly, subtract easterly.

65. Deviation on Magnetic Compass. Update chart variation to sailing year.

66. Chart plotting. (Current; Set and Drift) Explain with help graphic (drawing). 80 100 90 110 10 (page 334-
335)
(Calculate drift from wind & current : 80 100

90
10 110

Step By Step guide to learning Chart work

How to do a Set and Drift (Chart work) (1) Plot your

starting position, call this "A"
(2) Find the true course you are steering.
(3) Draw a line from "A" and lay off your true course.
(4) Call the end of your course "D"
(5) Find the amount of time you have steamed for.
(6) Find your speed.
(7) On the line (A,D) measure the distance you will go in
the time your given. (E.g.) if your going at 10 knots for 3
hours then the distance is 30 miles so you would measure
30 miles on the (A,D) line.
(8) At the end of the line you steamed for call this "B"
(9) Find out the course and speed of the tide, make sure
the hours your are steaming for and the tide are the same.
(E.g.) you steamed for 3 hours and the tide is set at 0400
2 knots, you would have to multiply 2 knots by 3 hours
which is 6 miles of tide.
(10) At "B" measure off your tide for its course and
distance.
(11) At the end of the tide call this "C"
(12) Give the line (B,C) 3 arrows.
(13) From "A" draw a line to "C" this is the course you will
be streaming.
(14) Give the line (A,C) 2 arrows.
(15) The rate of the tide = (B,C) speed of tide
The amount of hours steamed

Track Made good, the course the tide will take you.

(1) Plot your start position "A"

(2) Find the true course you are steering.
(3) From "A" draw a line for the true course.
(4) At the end of this line call this "D"
(5) On the (A,D) line measure the distance you will go in 1
hour.
(6) Call this "B"
(7) Find the course and speed of the tide.
(8) From "B" lay of your course of the tide for 1 hour.
(9) Call this "C"
(10) From (A - C) this is the course and speed you will go
in 1 hour (Ground track)

1 arrow = true course. Authors tip;

2 arrows = the course and speed made good. Make sure all distances are for 1 hour,
3 arrows = speed and course of tide. some questions gives you the tide for 1
hour but you're steaming for 6 hours.
Measure the distance covered as well as the
course from (A to C)
Running fix (Without tide or wind)

(1) You are given 2 bearings of a point of land and the

times when they where taken.
(2) Measure these courses off on your chart.
(3) Anywhere on the 1st bearing of the point of land, draw
a line for your true course.
(4) Call the starting position "A" and the end "D"
(5) The time given between the 2 bearings, work out the
distance you will go in that time.
(6) From "A" measure this distance on the (A,D) line.
(7) Call this "B"
(8) Using a parallel rules, lay them on the line from "A" to
the point of land, move the parallel rules onto "B"
(9) Draw a line from "B" along the parallel rules onto the
2nd bearing of the point of land.
(10) This is your ships position.

Running fix (With tide and/or wind)

(1) You are given 2 bearings of a point of land and the

times when they where taken.
(2) Measure these courses off on your chart.
(3) Anywhere on the 1st bearing of the point of land, draw
a line for your true course.
(4) Call the starting position "A" and the end "D"
(5) The time given between the 2 bearings, work out the
distance you will go in that time.
(6) From "A" measure this distance on the (A,D) line.
(7) Call this "B"
(8) From "B" lay off the tide for 1 hour.
(9) At the end of the tide call this "C"
(10) Using a parallel rules, lay them on the line from "A"
to the point of land, move the parallel rules onto "C"
(11) Draw a line from "C" along the parallel rules onto the
2nd bearing of the point of land.
(12) This is your ships position.
 Counteraction course (countering against tide/wind)

(1) Plot your start position and call this "A"

(2) Plot your finished position and call this "D"
(3) Draw a line from "A" to "D" (This is the course you
want to steer on)
(4) Find the speed and course of the tide.
(5) From "A" lay off the tide for 1 hour.
(6) At the end of the tide, call this "B"
(7) With a set of compasses, measure the distance your
vessel will go in 1 hour.
(8) From "B" cut an arc on the "A" - "D" line, call this "C"
(9) Draw a line from "A" to "C"
(10) This is your course to steer and speed you make good
(speed you will do)
(11) Measure the line "A" - "D" and the line "A" - "C"
(12) The time is takes from "A" - "D" = distance AD
Distance AC

Horizontal and/or vertical Sextant angles.

(1) Find the positions of the land bearings on a chart.

(2) Draw a line from the 1st to the 2nd to the 3rd
positions, call them "A", "B" and "C"
(3) If the angle is less than 0900 then subtract it from
0900
(4) If the angle is more than 0900 then take the angle and
subtract 0900 from it.
(5) If the angle is less than 0900 draw the angle towards
the sea.
(6) If the angle is more than 0900 draw the angle towards
the land.
(7) Using a protractor and the 00 is facing point "B" is on
the line at point "A" mark the degrees.
(8) From point "B" facing "A" mark the degrees.
(9) From point "B" facing "C" mark the degrees.
(10) From point "C" facing "B" mark the degrees.
(11) Where "A" and "B" intersect, using a set of
compasses, measure the distance from the intersection to
"A" and "B" they should both be the same, draw a circle
(12) Where "B" and "C" intersect, do the same again.
(13) Where both circles cut this is your ships position.

67. Navigation chart work.

68. Use Radar. Take bearing & Distance.
69. How frequently need defined position confined water? (30 minutes)
70. How many people must be on watch? = (OOW & AB lookout)
71. What meant by expression “”BACKING” when applied to wind.
Backing (of wind): Shift of wind direction in an anticlockwise manner, for example from North to west (opposite of
veering)
Veering (of winds): Clockwise change in the direction of the wind; opposite of backing
72. Normal sea state condition for at shore structure? = (1,0 – 1,5 meters)
73. General knowledge of own vessel?
74. Explain mean Anchor Handling operation? = (Shank, Crown, Palm/Edge, Fluke, Anchor grown shackle)

75. How many people must be on deck in time anchor handling operation? = (1-Officer; 2 – AB)

76. Which tool must be use for anchor handling?

1. Certificated and SWL stamped shackles.
2. Certificated Pelican hook & Pennant wire.
3. Buoy catcher lasso.
4. Safety hooks.
5. Anchor handling hook.
6. Snatch blocks.
7. Wire slings.
8. Rope coils.
9. Bull dog grips.
10. Hand thrown grapple hook & line.
11. Wooden wedges for pipe, general cargo and pennant buoy securing.
12. Deck tool kit.
13. Continued.
14. Webbing strops.
15. Oxygen/acetylene cutting gear.
16. Boat hooks.
77. Which instruments necessary for connection tow line?

78. What action will do Rig Master, day before Rig Move? What you will do?
79. What consist towline? Explain.

80. What mean “Gob Chain”? Explain?

81. Operational Instruction Manual (OIM) No: 1,519

This instruction describes the NA oil operation and marine department guidelines for the work
procedures which will provide a safe work environment and protect Saudi Aramco offshore producing
facilities, minimize production losses and marine equipment standby costs.
1. Intent.
2. 14 prior notice.
3. Work review and planning meeting
4. Responsibilities.
5. Buoying requirements
6. Moving equipment into, within, and out of oil fields.
7. Anchoring within the oil field.
8. Depressurizing underwater pipeline and platform topside piping and de-energizing subsea cables
82. Physical demonstration of maneuvering the vessel.
(Special awareness of actual Tidal & Wind conditions. Use of engine’s and Helm to control the vessel
83. Certificate & STCW, Medical
84. Convertation: Feet – Meters; Meters – Feet; Tons – Kg – Libss – Barrels,
85. Расчет поправки компаса ГК по таблице NORIE'S Nautical Table.
The examine may ask additional questions to the above, and request further practical display of
boat handling capability.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

DECK TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT SUGGESTED BEING CARREID BY AHTSS VESSELS.

1.Certificated and SWL Stamped Shackles:

2 x 75 – 85 SWL; 4 x 55 SWL; 4 x 35 SWL; 4 x 12 SWL; 4 x 8 SWL; 6 x 5 SWL; 10x 2 SWL;

2.Certificated Pelican Hook and pennant wire; -

A. Pelican Hook of suitable size and SWL for 52 mm diameter anchor pennant Wire
B. Pelican Hook Pennant Wire of suitable length and SWL
3.Buoy Catcher Lasso;

2 x buoy catcher lasso. These are to be made up of 2 x (3 m x 19 mm strops) connected to 1,5m of 13 mm

Open link chain (grade 80). Chain to strop connection to be made with suitable SWL
Hinge Link connectors.
4.Safety Hook.

1 x safety hook for each Tugger winch available of suitable SWL for Winch.
5.Anchor Handling Hook;
1 x anchor-handling hook of 25 tones SWL
6.Snatch Blocks;

4 x snatch blocks of same SWL as Tugger Winch Maximum Pull.

7.Wire Slings;

A wide selection of certificated Wire Slings for use during anchor handling and cargo
duties to include, but not limited to 1o mm, 13mm, 19mm, and 24 mm F S W of varying length.
(A couple of 10 mm dm. Strops about 1 meter in Length will be invaluable)
8.Rope Coils;

An adequate supply of wire, man made rope, and natural rope coils to
effectively cover all eventualities. To included but not limited to replacement of heaving lines, cargo Securing
lashings, and tugger wire replacement.
9.Bull Dog Grips:

An adequate supply of BULL DOG GRIPS of various sizes to fit the wire coils supplied.
10.Hand thrown grapple hook and line.

2 x hand thrown grapple hook and line to be readily available.

11.Heaving Line
4 x Heaving Line to be readily available
12.Wooden Wedges for pipe, general cargo and pennant buoy securing;
A selection of large sized wooden wedges, (not the damage control box items) for the securing of casing pipes,
deck cargos and anchor pennant buoys.
13.Webbing Strops

A selection of various SWL webbing strops of varying lengths.

14. Oxygen/Acetylene Cutting Gear.
To include full spare bottles, regulators and flash back arresters. Houses long enough to reach beyond the stern
roller. Cutting torch with spare nozzles. Nozzle cleaning kit and Sparkers with spare flints.
15.Boat hook.

Boat Hook 2 x Boat Hook of at least 10 feet in length of approved factory

standard (Not ship made inferior type)
17.Deck Tool Kit:
The following items but limited to are to be included in the deck tool kit:
-Sledge Hammers‫ﻣﻄﺮﻗﺔ ﺯﻻﺟﺔ‬2 x 7 lb
0T 0 T -Mauls 2 x 4 lb
-Ball pain Hammers 2 x 2 lb -Long Handed Axe 1piece
-Crow Bars Heavy Duty 2 piece. -Crow Bars Medium Duty 2 piece
-Cold chisels Heavy Duty 2 x 1” -Pliers Heavy Duty 2 piece
-Mole grips Large 1piece -Marline spikes 1x12“ / 1x18“
-Hacksaw Heavy Duty 1 piece -Hacksaw heavy Blades 12 pieces
-Seizing Wire Reel -Adjustable Spanners 1x 8“/ 1x12”
-Seizing Twine Reel -Thimbles to fit tugger wire.
-Nails 2”& 6” -Pipe wrench 2x12” / 2 x 24”
-Wire Brush to clean shackle threads x 2 pieces
-Split Pins Adequate supply of all required sizes.
-Spare Handles for sledge, maul, hammers and axes.
-Ring spanner 2 x each size to fit bull dog grips supplied to vessel
-Pipe wrench ‫ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺭﺑﻂ ﺍﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬Necessary for releasing small and large shackle pin nuts.
DAMAGE CONTROL BOX – LIST OF DAMAGE CONTROL ITEMS:
1. Timbel (Коуш) 4”x 4” or similar size, 10-foot (3m) length – 6 pcs.
2. Claw hammer ‫ﺷﺎﻛُﻮﺵ ﺑﻜ ﱠﻤﺎﺷﺔ‬ َ (Киянка) – 1 piece.
3. Rip Saw ‫ ﻣﻨﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﻤﺴﺎﺡ‬،(Продольная пила) for wood – 1 piece.
4. Nail ‫( ﻣِﺴﻤﺎﺭ‬Гвозди) assorted 3”x 6” – 2 lb (1 kg)
5. Wedges ‫ َﻭﺗِﺪ‬. ‫( ﺇﺳﻔﻴﻦ‬Клинья) wood various size & shape – 24 pieces.
6. Hack saw ‫(ﻣﻨﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻥ‬Ножовка) 12” (with 3 spare blade) – 1 piece.
7. Shovel ‫( ﺟﺎﺭﻭﻑ‬Лопата) – 1 piece.
8. Marlin spike (tool shaped like a spike for loosening rope or wire strands )(Свайка) steel 18” (300mm) – 1 piece.
9. Cement‫( ﺇﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬Цемент) quick dry, long life – 1 bag.
10. Sand (Песок) – 1 bag.
11. Hammer sledge ‫( ﻣﻄﺮﻗﺔ ﺯﻻﺟﺔ‬Кувалда) 10 lb (4-5kg)
0T 0 T – 1 piece.
12. Crow bar / Wrecking bar ‫(ﻋﺘﻠﺔ‬Лом) 24” (600mm) – 1 piece.
13. Flash light (Фонарь) (with spare batteries) – 1 piece.
14. Work gloves (Рабочие перчатки) – 2 pair.
15. Canavas (Брезент) 15 feet – 5 meters.
ADDITIONALY: Mats or any materials that may be used to stop ingress of water. It is recommended that a
separate box used solely for the purpose of storing these items should be used. The box should be clearly
Marked and stowed in a position allowing easy and clear access. Long length of timber can be stowed separately
but should be: - Clearly marked “D A M A G E D C O N T R O L BOX “
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 FUEL OIL SAFRA OIL MUD OIL
Cubic meter Metric ton Metric ton Metric ton US Gallon Barrels
1 0,844 0,80 1,44 264,20 6,30
2 1,688 1,60 2,88 528,40 12,60
3 2,532 2,40 4,32 792,60 18,90
4 3,376 3,20 5,76 1056,80 25,20
5 4,220 4,00 7,20 1321,00 31,50
6 5,064 4,80 8,64 1585,20 37,80
7 5,906 5,60 10,08 1849,40 44,10
8 6,752 6,40 11,52 2113,60 50,40
9 7,596 7,20 12,96 2377,80 56,70
10 8,440 8,00 14,40 2642,00 63,00
20 16,88 16,00 28,80 5284,00 126,00
30 25,32 24,00 43,20 7926,00 189,00
40 33,76 32,00 57,60 10568,00 252,00
50 42,20 40,00 72,00 13210,00 315,00
60 50,64 48,00 86,40 15852,00 378,00
70 59,06 56,00 100,80 18494,00 441,00
80 67,52 64,00 115,20 21136,00 504,00
90 75,96 72,00 129,60 23778,00 567,00
100 84,40 80,00 144,00 26420,00 630,00

BULK CONVERSION FOR INVENTORY AT PIER.

Water (Portable & Drill) Cement “G”
1 Metric Ton = 268.80 USG 1 ton = 2204.6 LBS
1 Cubic Meter = 264,17 USG 94 LBS = 1 Cubic Foot
Diesel Fuel Beryte
1 Metric ton = 312.986 USG. 60 LBS = 1 Cubic Foot
42 USG = 1 BARREL. 135.10 LBS = 1cub.foot
Bentonite (AQUAGEL): Oil Base MUD
60 LBS = 1 Cubic Feet Cubic metric ton x 35.51 = Cubic foot
Safra Oil // Cement (1 SK.) = 1cub.foot.
Liters x 0.0063 = Bbls // Baryte (2,702 SK.) = 1
Conversation Table // Bentonyte (1.20 SK.) = 1cub.foot
SPACIFIC GRAVITY LONG TON AVOIRDUPIOS = 2240.0 Lbs
FUEL OIL = 0.844 1 BARREL = 42 USG SHORT TON = 2000.0 Lbs
SAFRA OIL = 0.80 1 USG = 3,785 LITRS TONNE (1000 kg) = 2204.6 Lbs
MUD OIL =1.44 1 LITRE = 0,0063 BARREL
 CUBIC METRES US GALONS 2.642
CUB. DECIMETERS (LITERS) US GALONS 0.2642
CENTIMETERS LITRE 0.01
MILIMETERS LITRES 0.001
LITERS CENTIMETERS 100
LITRS MILIMETERS 1000
METRIC TONS US GALONS 268.8
US GALONS METRIC TONS 0.378
POUND OUNCES 16
WEIGHT

GRAMS OUNCES (OZ) 0.0353 OZ

OUNCES (OZ) GRAMMS 28.35
KILOGRAMS POUND (LB) 2.205 LB
POUND (LB) KILOGRAMS 0.4536 KG

FUEL OIL SAFRA OIL MUD OIL

Met.ton US Gallon Barrels US Gallon Barrels US Gallon Barrels
1 312,98 7,45 330,25 7,86 133,47 4,37
2 625,96 14,90 660,50 15,72 366,94 8,74
3 938,94 22,35 990,75 23,58 550,41 13,11
4 1251,92 29,80 1321,00 31,44 733,88 17,48
5 1564,90 37,25 1651,25 39,30 917,35 21,85
6 1877,88 44,70 1981,50 47,16 1100,82 26,22
7 2190,86 52,15 2311,75 55,02 1284,29 30,59
8 2503,84 59,60 2642,00 62,88 1467,75 34,96
9 2816,82 67,05 2972,25 70,74 1651,23 39,33
10 3129,80 74,50 3302,50 78,60 1834,70 43,70
20 6259,90 149,00 6605,00 157,20 3669,40 87,40
30 9389,40 223,50 9907,50 235,80 5504,10 131,10
40 12519,20 298,00 13210,00 314,40 7338,80 174,80
50 15649,00 372,50 16512,50 393,00 9173,50 218,50
60 18778,80 447,00 19815,00 471,60 11008,20 262,50
70 21908,60 521,50 23117,50 550,20 12842,90 305,90
80 25038,40 596,00 26420,00 628,80 14677,60 349,60
90 28168,20 670,50 29722,50 707,40 15512,30 393,30
100 31298,00 745,00 33025,00 786,00 18347,00 437,00