JAVA PROGRAMMING LAB (B.C.S.

L- 043) VIVA QUESTIONS

Q1. What is the difference between an Inner Class and a Sub-Class?
Ans:- An inner class is a class which is nested within another class. It has access rights for
the class which is nesting it and it can access all variables and methods defined in the outer
class.

A subclass is a class which inherits from another class called super class. Subclass can access
all public and protected methods and fields of its super class.

Q2. What are the various access specifiers for Java classes?
Ans:- In Java, access specifiers are the keywords used before a class name which defines the
access scope.

Access Specifiers in Java

● Public:- Class, method, field is accessible from anywhere.

● Protected:- Method, field can be accessed from the same class to which they belong
or from the sub-classes, and from the class of the same package, but not from outside.

● Default:- Method,Field,class can be accessed only from the same package and not
from outside of its native package.

● Private:- Method, field can be accessed from the same class to which they belong.

Q3. What’s the purpose of Static methods and static variables?

Ans:- When there is a requirement to share a method or a variable between multiple objects
of a class instead of creating separate copies for each object, we use a static keyword to make
a method or variable shared for all objects.

Q4. What is data encapsulation and what’s its significance?

Ans:- Encapsulation is a concept in Object Oriented Programming (O.O.P) for
combining properties and methods in a single unit.

Encapsulation helps programmers to follow a modular approach for software development

as each object has its own set of methods and variables and serves its functions independent
of other objects. Encapsulation also serves a data hiding purpose.

Q5. What is a singleton class? Give a practical example of its usage.

Ans:- A singleton class in java can have only one instance and hence all its methods and
variables belong to just one instance. Singleton class concept is useful for the situations when
there's a need to limit the number of objects for a class.

The best example of singleton usage scenario is when there is a limit of having only one
connection to a database due to some driver limitations or because of any licensing issues.

Q6. What are Loops in Java? What are three types of loops?
Ans:- Looping is used in programming to execute a statement or a block of statement
repeatedly.

Types of Loops in Java

● For Loop:- For loops are used in java to execute statements repeatedly for a given
number of times. For loops are used when the number of times to execute the
statements is known to the programmer.

● While Loop:- While loop is used when certain statements need to be executed
repeatedly until a condition is fulfilled. In while loops, condition is checked first
before execution of statements.

● Do While Loop:- Do While Loop is same as While loop with only difference that
condition is checked after execution of block of statements. Hence in case of do while
loop, statements are executed at least once.

Q7. What is an infinite Loop? How is the infinite loop declared?

Ans: An infinite loop runs without any condition and runs infinitely. An infinite loop can be
broken by defining any breaking logic in the body of the statement blocks.

Code for Declaring Infinite Loop in Java

for (;;)
{
// Statements to execute

// Add any loop breaking logic

}

Q8. What is the difference between continue and break statement?

Ans: Break and continue are two important keywords used in loops. When a break keyword
is used in a loop, loop is broken instantly while when continue keyword is used, current
iteration is broken and loop continues with next iteration.

In the below example, Loop is broken when the counter reaches 4.

Example:-
for (counter = 0; counter & lt; 10; counter++)
system.out.println(counter);

if (counter == 4) {

break;
}

}
In the below example when counter reaches 4, loop jumps to next iteration and any
statements after the continue keyword are skipped for current iteration.

Example:-
for (counter = 0; counter < 10; counter++)
system.out.println(counter);

if (counter == 4) {

continue;
}
system.out.println("This will not get printed when counter is 4");
}

Q9. What is the difference between double and float variables in Java?
Ans:- In java, float takes 4 bytes in memory while double takes 8 bytes in memory. Float is a
single precision floating point decimal number while Double is double precision decimal
number.

Q10. What is the final keyword in Java? Give an example.

Ans:- In java, a constant is declared using the keyword "Final". Value can be assigned only
once and after assignment, the value of a constant can’t be changed.

In below example, a constant with the name const_val is declared and assigned a value:

Private Final int const_val=100

When a method is declared as final, it can NOT be overridden by the subclasses. This method
is faster than any other method, because they are resolved at compile time.

When a class is declared as final, it cannot be subclassed. Example String, Integer and other
wrapper classes.

Q11. What is ternary operator? Give an example.

Ans:- Ternary operator, also called conditional operator is used to decide which value to
assign to a variable based on a Boolean value evaluation. It’s denoted as ?

In the below example, if rank is 1, status is assigned a value of “Done” else “Pending”.

Example:-
public class conditionTest {
public static void main(String args[]) {
String status;
int rank = 3;
status = (rank == 1) ? "Done" : "Pending";
System.out.println(status);
}
}
Q12. How can you generate random numbers in Java?
Ans:-

● Math.random():- Using this, you can generate random numbers in the range
greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than 1.0

● Using a random class in the package java.util.

Q13. What is the default switch case? Give an example.

Ans:- In a switch statement, the default case is executed when no other switch condition
matches. Default case is an optional case .It can be declared only once all other switch cases
have been coded.

In the below example, when the score is not 1 or 2, the default case is used.

Example:-
public class switchExample {
int score = 4;
public static void main(String args[]) {
switch (score) {
case 1:
system.out.println("Score is 1");
break;
case 2:
system.out.println("Score is 2");
break;
default:
system.out.println("Default Case");
}
}
}

Q14. What’s the base class in Java from which all classes are derived?
Ans:- java.lang.object.

Q15. Can the main() method in Java return any data?

Ans:- In java, main() method can’t return any data and hence, it’s always declared with a
void return type.

Q16. What are Java Packages? What’s the significance of packages?

Ans:- In Java, a package is a collection of classes and interfaces which are bundled together
as they are related to each other. Use of packages helps developers to modularize the code
and group the code for proper re-use. Once code has been packaged in Packages, it can be
imported in other classes and used.

Q17. Can we declare a class as Abstract without having any abstract method?
Ans:- Yes we can create an abstract class by using abstract keyword before class name even
if it doesn’t have any abstract method. However, if a class has even one abstract method, it
must be declared as abstract otherwise it will give an error.

Q18. What’s the difference between an Abstract Class and Interface in Java?
Ans:- The primary difference between an abstract class and interface is that an interface can
only possess declaration of public static methods with no concrete implementation while an
abstract class can have members with any access specifiers (public, private etc) with or
without concrete implementation.

Another key difference in the use of abstract classes and interfaces is that a class which
implements an interface must implement all the methods of the interface while a class which
inherits from an abstract class doesn’t require implementation of all the methods of its super
class.

A class can implement multiple interfaces but it can extend only one abstract class.

Q19. What are the performance implications of Interfaces over abstract classes?
Ans:- Interfaces are slower in performance as compared to abstract classes as extra
indirections are required for interfaces. Another key factor for developers to take into
consideration is that any class can extend only one abstract class while a class can implement
many interfaces.

Use of interfaces also puts an extra burden on the developers as any time an interface is
implemented in a class; developer is forced to implement each and every method of
interface.

Q20. Does Importing a package imports its sub-packages as well in Java?

Ans:- In java, when a package is imported, its sub-packages aren’t imported and the
developer needs to import them separately if required.

For example, if a developer imports a package university. All classes in the package named
university are loaded but no classes from the sub-package are loaded. To load the classes
from its sub-package (say department), developer has to import it explicitly as follows:

Import university.department.*

Q21. Can we declare the main method of our class as private?

Ans:- In java, the main method must be public static in order to run any application
correctly. If the main method is declared as private, the developer won’t get any compilation
error however, it will not get executed and will give a runtime error.

Q22. How can we pass arguments to a function by reference instead of pass by

value?
Ans:- In java, we can pass arguments to a function only by value and not by reference.

Q23. How an object is serialized in java?

Ans:- In java, to convert an object into byte stream by serialization, an interface with the
name Serializable is implemented by the class. All objects of a class implementing a
serializable interface get serialized and their state is saved in a byte stream.

Q24. When should we use serialization?

Ans:- Serialization is used when data needs to be transmitted over the network. Using
serialization, the object's state is saved and converted into a byte stream .The byte stream is
transferred over the network and the object is re-created at destination.

Q25. Is it compulsory for a Try Block to be followed by a Catch Block in Java for
Exception handling?
Ans:- Try block needs to be followed by either Catch block or Finally block or both. Any
exception thrown from the try block needs to be either caught in the catch block or else any
specific tasks to be performed before code abortion are put in the finally block.

Q26. Is there any way to skip Finally block of exception even if some exception
occurs in the exception block?
Ans:- If an exception is raised in Try block, control passes to catch block if it exists otherwise
to finally block. Finally block is always executed when an exception occurs and the only way
to avoid execution of any statements in Finally block is by aborting the code forcibly by
writing following line of code at the end of try block:

System.exit(0);

Q27. When the constructor of a class is invoked?

Ans:- The constructor of a class is invoked every time an object is created with a new
keyword.

For example, in the following class two objects are created using a new keyword and hence,
the constructor is invoked two times.

public class const_example {

const_example() {

system.out.println("Inside constructor");
}
public static void main(String args[]) {

const_example c1 = new const_example();

const_example c2 = new const_example();

}
}

Q28 Can a class have multiple constructors?

Ans:- Yes, a class can have multiple constructors with different parameters. Which
constructor gets used for object creation depends on the arguments passed while creating the
objects.

Q29. Can we override static methods of a class?

Ans:- We cannot override static methods. Static methods belong to a class and not to
individual objects and are resolved at the time of compilation (not at runtime). Even if we try
to override static methods, we will not get a compilation error,nor the impact of overriding
when running the code.

Q30. In the below example, what will be the output?

public class superclass {

public void displayResult() {

system.out.println("Printing from superclass");

public class subclass extends superclass {

public void displayResult() {

system.out.println("Displaying from subClass");

super.displayResult();

public static void main(String args[]) {

subclass obj = new subclass();

obj.displayResult();

Ans:- Output will be:

Displaying from subClass.

Printing from superclass.

Q31. Is String a data type in java?

Ans:- String is not a primitive data type in java. When a string is created in java, it’s actually
an object of Java.Lang.String class that gets created. After creation of this string object, all
built-in methods of String class can be used on the string object.

Q32. In the below example, how many String Objects are created?

String s1="I am Java Expert";

String s2="I am C Expert";

String s3="I am Java Expert";

Ans:- In the above example, two objects of Java.Lang.String class are created. s1 and s3 are
references to the same object.

Q33. Why are Strings in Java called Immutable?

Ans:- In java, string objects are called immutable as once value has been assigned to a
string, it can’t be changed and if changed, a new object is created.

In the below example, reference str refers to a string object having value “Value one”.

String str="Value One";

When a new value is assigned to it, a new String object gets created and the reference is
moved to the new object.

str="New Value";

Q34. What’s the difference between an array and a vector?

Ans:- An array groups data of the same primitive type and is static in nature while vectors
are dynamic in nature and can hold data of different data types.

Q35. What is multi threading?

Ans:- Multi threading is a programming concept to run multiple tasks in a concurrent
manner within a single program. Threads share the same process stack and run in parallel. It
helps in performance improvement of any program.

Q36. Why is the Runnable Interface used in Java?

Ans:- Runnable interface is used in java for implementing multi threaded applications.
Java.Lang.Runnable interface is implemented by a class to support multi-threading.

Q37. What are the two ways of implementing multi-threading in Java?

Ans:- Multi threaded applications can be developed in Java by using any of the following
two methodologies:

● By using Java.Lang.Runnable Interface. Classes implement this interface to enable

multi-threading. There is a Run() method in this interface which is implemented.
 ● By writing a class that extends the Java.Lang.Thread class.

Q38. When a lot of changes are required in data, which one should be a
preference to be used? String or StringBuffer?
Ans:- Since StringBuffers are dynamic in nature and we can change the values of
StringBuffer objects unlike String which is immutable, it’s always a good choice to use
StringBuffer when data is being changed too much. If we use String in such a case, for every
data change a new String object will be created which will be an extra overhead.

Q39. What’s the purpose of using Break in each case of Switch Statement?
Ans:- Break is used after each case (except the last one) in a switch so that code breaks after
the valid case and doesn’t flow in the proceeding cases too.

If break isn’t used after each case, all cases after the valid case also get executed resulting in
wrong results.

Q40. How is garbage collection done in Java?

Ans:- In java, when an object is not referenced any more, garbage collection takes place and
the object is destroyed automatically. For automatic garbage collection java calls either
System.gc() method or Runtime.gc() method.

Q41. How can we execute any code even before the main method?
Ans:- If we want to execute any statements before even creation of objects at load time of
class, we can use a static block of code in the class. Any statements inside this static block of
code will get executed once at the time of loading the class even before creation of objects in
the main method.

Q42. Can a class be a super class and a sub-class at the same time? Give an
example.
Ans:- If there is a hierarchy of inheritance used, a class can be a super class for another class
and a sub-class for another one at the same time.

In the example below, continent class is sub class of world class and it's a super class of
country class.

public class world {

..........

}
public class continenet extends world {

............

}
public class country extends continent {
......................

Q43) How objects of a class are created if no constructor is defined in the class?
Ans:- Even if no explicit constructor is defined in a java class, objects get created
successfully as a default constructor is implicitly used for object creation. This constructor
has no parameters.

Q44. In multi-threading how can we ensure that a resource isn’t used by

multiple threads simultaneously?
Ans:- In multi-threading, access to the resources which are shared among multiple threads
can be controlled by using the concept of synchronization. Using synchronized keywords, we
can ensure that only one thread can use a shared resource at a time and others can get
control of the resource only once it has become free from the other one using it.

Q45. Can we call the constructor of a class more than once for an object?
Ans:- Constructor is called automatically when we create an object using a new keyword. It’s
called only once for an object at the time of object creation and hence, we can’t invoke the
constructor again for an object after its creation.

Q46. There are two classes named class A and class B. Both classes are in the
same package. Can a private member of class A can be accessed by an object of
class B?
Ans:- Private members of a class aren’t accessible outside the scope of that class and any
other class even in the same package can’t access them.

Q47. Can we have two methods in a class with the same name?
Ans:- We can define two methods in a class with the same name but with different numbe or
type of parameters. Which method is to get invoked will depend upon the parameters passed.

For example in the class below we have two print methods with the same name but different
parameters. Depending upon the parameters, appropriate one will be called:

public class methodExample {

public void print() {

system.out.println("Print method without parameters.");

public void print(String name) {

system.out.println("Print method with parameter");

}
 public static void main(String args[]) {

methodExample obj1 = new methodExample();

obj1.print();

obj1.print("xx");

Q48. How can we make a copy of a java object?

Ans:- We can use the concept of cloning to create a copy of an object. Using clones, we
create copies with the actual state of an object.

Clone() is a method of cloneable interface and hence, cloneable interface needs to be

implemented for making object copies.

Q49. What’s the benefit of using inheritance?

Ans:- Key benefit of using inheritance is reusability of code as inheritance enables
sub-classes to reuse the code of its super class. Polymorphism (Extensibility) is another great
benefit which allow new functionality to be introduced without affecting existing derived
classes.

Q50. What’s the default access specifier for variables and methods of a class?
Ans:- Default access specifier for variables and method is package protected i.e variables
and class is available to any other class but in the same package, not outside the package.

Q51. Give an example of use of Pointers in Java class.

Ans:- There are no pointers in Java. So we can’t use the concept of pointers in Java.

Q52. How can we restrict inheritance for a class so that no class can be
inherited from it?
Ans:- If we want a class not to be extended further by any class, we can use the keyword
Final with the class name.

In the following example, Stone class is final and can’t be extend:-

public Final Class Stone {

// Class methods and Variables
}

Q53. What's the difference between Stack and Queue?

Ans:- Stack and Queue both are used as placeholders for a collection of data. The primary
difference between a stack and a queue is that stack is based on Last in First out (LIFO)
principle while a queue is based on FIFO (First In First Out) principle.
Q54. In java, how can we disallow serialization of variables?
Ans:- If we want certain variables of a class not to be serialized, we can use the keyword
transient while declaring them. For example, the variable trans_var below is a transient
variable and can’t be serialized:

public class transientExample {

private transient trans_var;
// rest of the code
}

Q55. How can we use primitive data types as objects?

Ans:- Primitive data types like int can be handled as objects by the use of their respective
wrapper classes. For example, Integer is a wrapper class for primitive data type int. We can
apply different methods to a wrapper class, just like any other object.

Q56. Which types of exceptions are caught at compile time?

Ans:- Checked exceptions can be caught at the time of program compilation. Checked
exceptions must be handled by using try catch blocks in the code in order to successfully
compile the code.

Q57. Describe different states of a thread.

Ans:- A thread in Java can be in either of the following states:

● Ready:- When a thread is created, it’s in Ready state.

● Running:- A thread currently being executed is in running state.

● Waiting:- A thread waiting for another thread to free certain resources is in a

waiting state.

● Dead:- A thread which has gone dead after execution is in dead state.

Q58. Can we use a default constructor of a class even if an explicit constructor is

defined?
Ans:- Java provides a default no argument constructor if no explicit constructor is defined in
a Java class. But if an explicit constructor has been defined, the default constructor can’t be
invoked and the developer can use only those constructors which are defined in the class.

Q59. Can we override a method by using the same method name and arguments
but different return types?
Ans:- The basic condition of method overriding is that method name, arguments as well as
return type must be exactly the same as that of the method being overridden. Hence using a
different return type doesn’t override a method.

Q60. What will be the output of the following piece of code?

public class operatorExample {

 public static void main(String args[]) {

int x = 4;

system.out.println(x++);
}
}

Ans:- In this case, postfix ++ operator is used which first returns the value and then
increments. Hence it’s output will be 4.

Q61. A person says that he compiled a java class successfully without even
having a main method in it? Is it possible?
Ans:- Main method is an entry point of Java class and is required for execution of the
program however; a class gets compiled successfully even if it doesn’t have a main method. It
can’t be run though.

Q62. Can we call a non-static method from inside a static method?

Ans:- Non-Static methods are owned by objects of a class and have object level scope and in
order to call the non-Static methods from a static block (like from a static main method), an
object of the class needs to be created first. Then using object reference, these methods can
be invoked.

Q63. What are the two environment variables that must be set in order to run
any Java programs?
Ans:- Java programs can be executed in a machine only once following two environment
variables have been properly set:

● PATH variable
● CLASSPATH variable.

Q64. Can variables be used in Java without initialization?

Ans:- In Java, if a variable is used in a code without prior initialization by a valid value, the
program doesn’t compile and gives an error as no default value is assigned to variables in
Java.

Q65. Can a class in Java be inherited from more than one class?
Ans:- In Java, a class can be derived from only one class and not from multiple classes.
Multiple inheritance is not supported by Java.

Q66. Can a constructor have a different name than a Class name in Java?
Ans:- Constructors in java must have the same name as the class name and if the name is
different, it doesn’t act as a constructor and the compiler thinks of it as a normal method.

Q67. What will be the output of Round(3.7) and Ceil (3.7)?

Ans:- Round(3.7) returns 4 and Ceil(3.7) returns 4.

Q68. Can we use goto in Java to go to a particular line?

Ans:- In Java, there is no goto keyword and java doesn’t support this feature of going to a
particular labeled line.

Q69. Can a dead thread be started again?

Ans:- In java, a thread which is in dead state can’t be started again. There is no way to
restart a dead thread.

Q70. Is the following class declaration correct?

public abstract final class testClass {

// Class methods and variables
}

Ans:- The above class declaration is incorrect as an abstract class can’t be declared as Final.

Q71. Is the Java Development Kit (J.D.K) required on each machine to run a
Java program?
Ans:- JDK is development Kit of Java and is required for development only and to run a
Java program on a machine, JDK isn’t required. Only JRE is required.

Q72. What’s the difference between comparison done by equals method and ==
operator?
Ans:- In Java, equals() method is used to compare the contents of two string objects and
returns true if the two have the same value while the == operator compares the references of
two string objects.

In the following example, equals() returns true as the two string objects have the same
values. However == operator returns false as both string objects are referencing to different
objects:

public class equalsTest {

public static void main(String args[]) {

String str1 = new String("Hello World");

String str2 = new String("Hello World");

if (str1.equals(str2))

{ // this condition is true

System.out.println("str1 and str2 are equal in terms of values");

if (str1 == str2) {

//This condition is true

 System.out.println("Both strings are referencing same object");
} else

// This condition is NOT true

System.out.println("Both strings are referencing different objects");

Q73. Is it possible to define a method in Java class but provide its

implementation in the code of another language like C?
Ans:- Yes, we can do this by using native methods. In case of native method based
development, we define public static methods in our Java class without its implementation
and then implementation is done in another language like C separately.

Q74. How are destructors defined in Java?

Ans:- In Java, there are no destructors defined in the class as there is no need to do so. Java
has its own garbage collection mechanism which does the job automatically by destroying
the objects when no longer referenced.

Q75. Can a variable be local and static at the same time?

Ans:- No, a variable can’t be static as well as local at the same time. Defining a local variable
as static gives compilation error.

Q76. Can we have static methods in an Interface?

Ans:- Static methods can’t be overridden in any class while any methods in an interface are
by default abstract and are supposed to be implemented in the classes being implementing
the interface. So it makes no sense to have static methods in an interface in Java.

Q77. In a class implementing an interface, can we change the value of any

variable defined in the interface?
Ans:- No, we can’t change the value of any variable of an interface in the implementing class
as all variables defined in the interface are by default public, static and Final and final
variables are like constants which can’t be changed later.

Q78. Is it correct to say that due to garbage collection feature in Java, a java
program never goes out of memory?
Ans:- Even though automatic garbage collection is provided by Java, it doesn’t ensure that a
Java program will not go out of memory as there is a possibility that creation of Java objects
is being done at a faster pace compared to garbage collection resulting in filling of all the
available memory resources.
So, garbage collection helps in reducing the chances of a program going out of memory but it
doesn’t ensure that.

Q79. Can we have any other return type than void for main method?
Ans:- No, Java class main method can have only void return type for the program to get
successfully executed.

Nonetheless , if you absolutely must return a value at the completion of the main method ,
you can use System.exit(int status).

Q80. I want to re-reach and use an object once it has been garbage collected.
How is it possible?
Ans:- Once an object has been destroyed by a garbage collector, it no longer exists on the
heap and it can’t be accessed again. There is no way to reference it again.

Q81. In Java thread programming, which method is a must implement for all
threads?
Ans:- Run() is a method of runnable interface that must be implemented by all threads.

Q82. I want to control database connections in my program and want only one
thread to be able to make database connections at a time. How can I implement
this logic?
Ans:- This can be implemented by use of the concept of synchronization. Database related
code can be placed in a method which has a synchronized keyword so that only one thread
can access it at a time.

Q83. How can an exception be thrown manually by a programmer?

Ans:- In order to throw an exception in a block of code manually, the throw keyword is used.
Then this exception is caught and handled in the catch block.

public void topMethod() {

try {
excMethod();
} catch (ManualException e) {}
}

public void excMethod {

String name = null;
if (name == null) {
throw (new ManualException("Exception thrown manually ");
}
}

Q84. I want my class to be developed in such a way that no other class (even
derived class) can create its objects. How can I do so?
Ans:- If we declare the constructor of a class as private, it will not be accessible by any other
class and hence, no other class will be able to instantiate it and formation of its object will be
limited to itself only.

Q85. How objects are stored in Java?

Ans:- In java, each object when created gets a memory space from a heap. When an object is
destroyed by a garbage collector, the space allocated to it from the heap is re-allocated to the
heap and becomes available for any new objects.

Q86. How can we find the actual size of an object on the heap?
Ans:- In java, there is no way to find out the exact size of an object on the heap.

Q87. Which of the following classes will have more memory allocated?

Class A: Three methods, four variables, no object

Class B: Five methods, three variables, no object

Ans:- Memory isn’t allocated before creation of objects. Since for both classes, there are no
objects created so no memory is allocated on heap for any class.

Q88. What happens if an exception is not handled in a program?

Ans:- If an exception is not handled in a program using try catch blocks, the program gets
aborted and no statement executes after the statement which caused exception throwing.

Q89. I have multiple constructors defined in a class. Is it possible to call a

constructor from another constructor’s body?
Ans:- If a class has multiple constructors, it’s possible to call one constructor from the body
of another one using this().

Q90. What’s meant by anonymous class?

Ans:- An anonymous class is a class defined without any name in a single line of code using
a new keyword.

For example, in below code we have defined an anonymous class in one line of code:

public java.util.Enumeration testMethod()

return new java.util.Enumeration()

@Override

public boolean hasMoreElements()

 {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

return false;
}

@Override

public Object nextElement()

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

return null;

Q91. Is there a way to increase the size of an array after its declaration?
Ans:- Arrays are static and once we have specified its size, we can’t change it. If we want to
use such collections where we may require a change of size (no of items), we should prefer
vector over array.

Q92. If an application has multiple classes in it, is it okay to have a main method
in more than one class?
Ans:- If there is a main method in more than one class in a java application, it won’t cause
any issue as the entry point for any application will be a specific class and code will start from
the main method of that particular class only.

Q93. I want to persist data of objects for later use. What’s the best approach to
do so?
Ans:- The best way to persist data for future use is to use the concept of serialization.

Q94. What is a Local class in Java?

Ans:- In Java, if we define a new class inside a particular block, it’s called a local class. Such
a class has local scope and isn’t usable outside the block where it is defined.

Q95. String and StringBuffer both represent String objects. Can we compare
String and StringBuffer in Java?
Ans:- Although String and StringBuffer both represent String objects, we can’t compare
them with each other and if we try to compare them, we get an error.

Q96. Which API is provided by Java for operations on a set of objects?

Ans:- Java provides a Collection API which provides many useful methods which can be
applied on a set of objects. Some of the important classes provided by Collection API include
ArrayList, HashMap, TreeSet and TreeMap.

Q97. Can we cast any other type to Boolean Type with type casting?
Ans:- No, we can neither cast any other primitive type to Boolean data type nor can cast
Boolean data type to any other primitive data type.

Q98. Can we use different return types for methods when overridden?
Ans:- The basic requirement of method overriding in Java is that the overridden method
should have the same name, and parameters.But a method can be overridden with a different
return type as long as the new return type extends the original.

For example , the method is returning a reference type.

Class B extends A {

A method(int x) {

//original method

B method(int x) {

//overridden method

Q99. What’s the base class of all exception classes?

Ans:- In Java, Java.lang.Throwable is the super class of all exception classes and all
exception classes are derived from this base class.

Q100. What’s the order of call of constructors in inheritance?

Ans:- In case of inheritance, when a new object of a derived class is created, first the
constructor of the super class is invoked and then the constructor of the derived class is
invoked.