Reference Values For Laboratory Tests

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Harrison's Hematology and Oncology, 2e
APPENDIX: LABORATORY VALUES OF CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
REFERENCE VALUES FOR LABORATORY TESTS
TABLE 1
HEMATOLOGY AND COAGULATION
ANALYTE SPECIMEN SI UNITS CONVENTIONAL UNITS
Activated clotting time WB 70–180 s 70–180 s
Activated protein C resistance (factor P Not applicable Ratio >2.1

V Leiden)
ADAMTS13 activity P ≥0.67 ≥67%
ADAMTS13 inhibitor activity P Not applicable ≤0.4 U
ADAMTS13 antibody P Not applicable ≤18 U
Alpha2 antiplasmin P 0.87–1.55 87–155%
Antiphospholipid antibody panel
PTTLA (lupus anticoagulant P Negative Negative

screen)
Platelet neutralization procedure P Negative Negative
Dilute viper venom screen P Negative Negative
Anticardiolipin antibody S
IgG 0–15 arbitrary units 0–15 GPL
IgM 0–15 arbitrary units 0–15 MPL
Antithrombin III P
Antigenic 220–390 mg/L 22–39 mg/dL
Functional 0.7–1.30 U/L 70–130%
AntiXa assay (heparin assay) P
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REFERENCE VALUES FOR LABORATORY TESTS, Alexander Kratz; Michael A. Pesce; Robert C. Basner; Andrew J. Einstein
Unfractionated heparin 0.3–0.7 kIU/L 0.3–0.7 IU/mL Page 1 / 25
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Lowmolecularweight heparin 0.5–1.0 kIU/L 0.5–1.0 IU/mL
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Antigenic 220–390 mg/L 22–39 mg/dL
Functional 0.7–1.30 U/L 70–130%
AntiXa assay (heparin assay) P
Unfractionated heparin 0.3–0.7 kIU/L 0.3–0.7 IU/mL
Lowmolecularweight heparin 0.5–1.0 kIU/L 0.5–1.0 IU/mL
Danaparoid (Orgaran) 0.5–0.8 kIU/L 0.5–0.8 IU/mL
Autohemolysis test WB 0.004–0.045 0.4–4.50%
Autohemolysis test with glucose WB 0.003–0.007 0.3–0.7%
Bleeding time (adult) <7.1 min <7.1 min
Bone marrow: See Table 7
Clot retraction WB 0.50–1.00/2 h 50–100%/2 h
Cryofibrinogen P Negative Negative
Ddimer P 220–740 ng/mL FEU 220–740 ng/mL FEU
Differential blood count WB
Relative counts:
Neutrophils 0.40–0.70 40–70%
Bands 0.0–0.05 0–5%
Lymphocytes 0.20–0.50 20–50%
Monocytes 0.04–0.08 4–8%
Eosinophils 0.0–0.6 0–6%
Basophils 0.0–0.02 0–2%
Absolute counts:
Neutrophils 1.42–6.34 × 109/L 1420–6340/mm3
Bands 0–0.45 × 109/L 0–450/mm3
Lymphocytes 0.71–4.53 × 109/L 710–4530/mm3
Monocytes 0.14–0.72 × 109/L 140–720/mm3
Eosinophils 0–0.54 × 109/L 0–540/mm3
Basophils 0–0.18 × 109/L 0–180/mm3
Erythrocyte count WB
REFERENCE VALUES FOR LABORATORY TESTS, Alexander Kratz; Michael A. Pesce; Robert C. Basner; Andrew J. Einstein Page 2 / 25
Adult males 4.30–5.60 × 1012/L 4.30–5.60 × 106/mm3
12 6 3
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Eosinophils 0–0.54 × 109/L 0–540/mm3
Basophils 0–0.18 × 109/L 0–180/mm3
Erythrocyte count WB
Adult males 4.30–5.60 × 1012/L 4.30–5.60 × 106/mm3
Adult females 4.00–5.20 × 1012/L 4.00–5.20 × 106/mm3
Erythrocyte life span WB
Normal survival 120 days 120 days
Chromium labeled, halflife (t1/2) 25–35 days 25–35 days
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate WB
Females 0–20 mm/h 0–20 mm/h
Males 0–15 mm/h 0–15 mm/h
Euglobulin lysis time P 7200–14400 s 120–240 min
Factor II, prothrombin P 0.50–1.50 50–150%
Factor V P 0.50–1.50 50–150%
Factor VII P 0.50–1.50 50–150%
Factor VIII P 0.50–1.50 50–150%
Factor IX P 0.50–1.50 50–150%
Factor X P 0.50–1.50 50–150%
Factor XI P 0.50–1.50 50–150%
Factor XII P 0.50–1.50 50–150%
Factor XIII screen P Not applicable Present
Factor inhibitor assay P <0.5 Bethesda Units <0.5 Bethesda Units
Fibrin(ogen) degradation products P 0–1 mg/L 0–1 μg/mL
Fibrinogen P 2.33–4.96 g/L 233–496 mg/dL
Glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase WB <2400 s <40 min

(erythrocyte)
Ham's test (acid serum) WB Negative Negative
Hematocrit WB
Adult males 0.388–0.464 38.8–46.4

Adult females 0.354–0.444 35.4–44.4 Page 3 / 25
Hemoglobin
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Ham's test (acid serum) WB Negative Negative
Hematocrit WB
Adult males 0.388–0.464 38.8–46.4
Adult females 0.354–0.444 35.4–44.4
Hemoglobin
Plasma P 6–50 mg/L 0.6–5.0 mg/dL
Whole blood: WB
Adult males 133–162 g/L 13.3–16.2 g/dL
Adult females 120–158 g/L 12.0–15.8 g/dL
Hemoglobin electrophoresis WB
Hemoglobin A 0.95–0.98 95–98%
Hemoglobin A2 0.015–0.031 1.5–3.1%
Hemoglobin F 0–0.02 0–2.0%
Hemoglobins other than A, A2, or F Absent Absent
Heparininduced thrombocytopenia P Negative Negative

antibody
Immature platelet fraction (IPF) WB 0.011–0.061 1.1–6.1%
Joint fluid crystal JF Not applicable No crystals seen
Joint fluid mucin JF Not applicable Only type I mucin present
Leukocytes
Alkaline phosphatase (LAP) WB 0.2–1.6 μkat/L 13–100 μ/L
Count (WBC) WB 3.54–9.06 × 109/L 3.54–9.06 × 103/mm3
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) WB 26.7–31.9 pg/cell 26.7–31.9 pg/cell
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin WB 323–359 g/L 32.3–35.9 g/dL

concentration (MCHC)
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin of WB 24–36 pg 24–36 pg

reticulocytes (CH)
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) WB 79–93.3 fL 79–93.3 μm3
Mean platelet volume (MPV) WB 9.00–12.95 fL 9.00–12.95
Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes WB
Direct 0.0035–0.0045 0.35–0.45% Page 4 / 25
Indirect 0.0030–0.0065 0.30–0.65%
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) WB 79–93.3 fL 79–93.3 μm3
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Mean platelet volume (MPV) WB 9.00–12.95 fL 9.00–12.95
Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes WB
Direct 0.0035–0.0045 0.35–0.45%
Indirect 0.0030–0.0065 0.30–0.65%
Partial thromboplastin time, activated P 26.3–39.4 s 26.3–39.4 s
Plasminogen P
Antigen 84–140 mg/L 8.4–14.0 mg/dL
Functional 0.70–1.30 70–130%
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 P 4–43 μg/L 4–43 ng/mL
Platelet aggregation PRP Not applicable >65% aggregation in response to adenosine diphosphate, epinephrine,

collagen, ristocetin, and arachidonic acid
Platelet count WB 165–415 × 109/L 165–415 × 103/mm3
Platelet, mean volume WB 6.4–11 fL 6.4–11.0 μm3
Prekallikrein assay P 0.50–1.5 50–150%
Prekallikrein screen P No deficiency detected
Protein C P
Total antigen 0.70–1.40 70–140%
Functional 0.70–1.30 70–130%
Protein S P
Total antigen 0.70–1.40 70–140%
Functional 0.65–1.40 65–140%
Free antigen 0.70–1.40 70–140%
Prothrombin gene mutation G20210A WB Not applicable Not present
Prothrombin time P 12.7–15.4 s 12.7–15.4 s
Protoporphyrin, free erythrocyte WB 0.28–0.64 μmol/L of 16–36 μg/dL of red blood cells

red blood cells
Red cell distribution width WB <0.145 <14.5%
Reptilase time P 16–23.6 s 16–23.6 s
Reticulocyte count WB
Adult males 0.008–0.023 red cells 0.8–2.3% red cells
Adult females 0.008–0.020 red cells 0.8–2.0% red cells
Red cell distribution width WB <0.145 <14.5%
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Reptilase time P 16–23.6 s 16–23.6 s
Reticulocyte count WB
Adult males 0.008–0.023 red cells 0.8–2.3% red cells
Adult females 0.008–0.020 red cells 0.8–2.0% red cells
Reticulocyte hemoglobin content WB >26 pg/cell >26 pg/cell
Ristocetin cofactor (functional von P
Willebrand factor)
Blood group O 0.75 mean of normal 75% mean of normal
Blood group A 1.05 mean of normal 105% mean of normal
Blood group B 1.15 mean of normal 115% mean of normal
Blood group AB 1.25 mean of normal 125% mean of normal
Serotonin release assay S <0.2 release <20% release
Sickle cell test WB Negative Negative
Sucrose hemolysis WB <0.1 <10% hemolysis
Thrombin time P 15.3–18.5 s 15.3–18.5 s
Total eosinophils WB 150–300 × 106/L 150–300/mm3
Transferrin receptor S, P 9.6–29.6 nmol/L 9.6–29.6 nmol/L
Viscosity
Plasma P 1.7–2.1 1.7–2.1
Serum S 1.4–1.8 1.4–1.8
von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen
(factor VIII:R antigen)
Blood group O 0.75 mean of normal 75% mean of normal
Blood group A 1.05 mean of normal 105% mean of normal
Blood group B 1.15 mean of normal 115% mean of normal
Blood group AB 1.25 mean of normal 125% mean of normal
von Willebrand factor multimers P Normal distribution Normal distribution
White blood cells: see "Leukocytes"
Abbreviations: JF, joint fluid; P, plasma; PRP, plateletrich plasma; S, serum; WB, whole blood.
TABLE 2 Page 6 / 25
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND IMMUNOLOGY
von Willebrand factor multimers P Normal distribution Normal distribution
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White blood cells: see "Leukocytes"
Abbreviations: JF, joint fluid; P, plasma; PRP, plateletrich plasma; S, serum; WB, whole blood.
TABLE 2
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND IMMUNOLOGY
ANALYTE SPECIMEN SI UNITS CONVENTIONAL UNITS
Acetoacetate P 49–294 μmol/L 0.5–3.0 mg/dL
Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) P 1.3–16.7 pmol/L 6.0–76.0 pg/mL
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, S 0.12–0.70 μkat/L 7–41 U/L

SGPT)
Albumin S 40–50 g/L 4.0–5.0 mg/dL
Aldolase S 26–138 nkat/L 1.5–8.1 U/L
Aldosterone (adult)
Supine, normal sodium diet S, P <443 pmol/L <16 ng/dL
Upright, normal S, P 111–858 pmol/L 4–31 ng/dL
Alpha fetoprotein (adult) S 0–8.5 μg/L 0–8.5 ng/mL
Alpha1 antitrypsin S 1.0–2.0 g/L 100–200 mg/dL
Ammonia, as NH3 P 11–35 μmol/L 19–60 μg/dL
Amylase (method dependent) S 0.34–1.6 μkat/L 20–96 U/L
Androstendione (adult) S
Males 0.81–3.1 nmol/L 23–89 ng/dL
Females
Premenopausal 0.91–7.5 nmol/L 26–214 ng/dL
Postmenopausal 0.46–2.9 nmol/L 13–82 ng/dL
Angiotensinconverting S 0.15–1.1 μkat/L 9–67 U/L

enzyme (ACE)
Anion gap S 7–16 mmol/L 7–16 mmol/L
Apolipoprotein A1 S
Male 0.94–1.78 g/L 94–178 mg/dL
Female 1.01–1.99 g/L 101–199 mg/dL

Apolipoprotein B S Page 7 / 25
Male 0.55–1.40 g/L 55–140 mg/dL
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Apolipoprotein A1 S
Male 0.94–1.78 g/L 94–178 mg/dL
Female 1.01–1.99 g/L 101–199 mg/dL
Apolipoprotein B S
Male 0.55–1.40 g/L 55–140 mg/dL
Female 0.55–1.25 g/L 55–125 mg/dL
Arterial blood gases WB
[HCO3–] 22–30 mmol/L 22–30 meq/L
PCO2 4.3–6.0 kPa 32–45 mmHg
pH 7.35–7.45 7.35–7.45
PO2 9.6–13.8 kPa 72–104 mmHg
Aspartate aminotransferase S 0.20–0.65 μkat/L 12–38 U/L

(AST, SGOT)
Autoantibodies S
Anticentromere antibody ≤29 AU/mL ≤29 AU/mL

IgG
Antidoublestrand (native) <25 IU/L <25 IU/L

DNA
Antiglomerular basement
membrane antibodies
Qualitative IgG, IgA Negative Negative
Quantitative IgG antibody ≤19 AU/mL ≤19 AU/mL
Antihistone antibodies <1.0 U <1.0 U
AntiJo1 antibody ≤29 AU/mL ≤29 AU/mL
Antimitochondrial antibody Not applicable <20 Units
Antineutrophil Not applicable <1:20

cytoplasmic autoantibodies
Serine proteinase 3 ≤19 AU/mL ≤19 AU/mL

antibodies
Myeloperoxidase ≤19 AU/mL ≤19 AU/mL

antibodies
Antinuclear antibody Not applicable Negative at 1:40

Antiparietal cell antibody Not applicable None detected
Page 8 / 25
AntiRNP antibody Not applicable <1.0 U
antibodies
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Myeloperoxidase ≤19 AU/mL ≤19 AU/mL

antibodies
Antinuclear antibody Not applicable Negative at 1:40
Antiparietal cell antibody Not applicable None detected
AntiRNP antibody Not applicable <1.0 U
AntiScl 70 antibody Not applicable <1.0 U
AntiSmith antibody Not applicable <1.0 U
Anti–smooth muscle Not applicable <1.0 U

antibody
AntiSSA antibody Not applicable <1.0 U
AntiSSB antibody Not applicable Negative
Antithyroglobulin antibody <40 kIU/L <40 IU/mL
Antithyroid peroxidase <35 kIU/L <35 IU/mL

antibody
Btype natriuretic peptide P Age and gender specific: <100 ng/L Age and gender specific: <100 pg/mL

(BNP)
Bence Jones protein, serum S Not applicable None detected

qualitative
Bence Jones protein, serum S
quantitative
Free kappa 3.3–19.4 mg/L 0.33–1.94 mg/dL
Free lambda 5.7–26.3 mg/L 0.57–2.63 mg/dL
K/L ratio 0.26–1.65 0.26–1.65
Beta2microglobulin S 1.1–2.4 mg/L 1.1–2.4 mg/L
Bilirubin S
Total 5.1–22 μmol/L 0.3–1.3 mg/dL
Direct 1.7–6.8 μmol/L 0.1–0.4 mg/dL
Indirect 3.4–15.2 μmol/L 0.2–0.9 mg/dL
C peptide S 0.27–1.19 nmol/L 0.8–3.5 ng/mL
C1esteraseinhibitor protein S 210–390 mg/L 21–39 mg/dL
CA 125 S <35 kU/L <35 U/mL
CA 199 S <37 kU/L <37 U/mL
CA 153 S <33 kU/L <33 U/mL
C peptide S 0.27–1.19 nmol/L 0.8–3.5 ng/mL
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C1esteraseinhibitor protein S 210–390 mg/L 21–39 mg/dL
CA 125 S <35 kU/L <35 U/mL
CA 199 S <37 kU/L <37 U/mL
CA 153 S <33 kU/L <33 U/mL
CA 2729 S 0–40 kU/L 0–40 U/mL
Calcitonin S
Male 0–7.5 ng/L 0–7.5 pg/mL
Female 0–5.1 ng/L 0–5.1 pg/mL
Calcium S 2.2–2.6 mmol/L 8.7–10.2 mg/dL
Calcium, ionized WB 1.12–1.32 mmol/L 4.5–5.3 mg/dL
Carbon dioxide content (TCO2) P (sea 22–30 mmol/L 22–30 meq/L

level)
Carboxyhemoglobin (carbon WB
monoxide content)
Nonsmokers 0.0–0.015 0–1.5%
Smokers 0.04–0.09 4–9%
Loss of consciousness and >0.50 >50%

death
Carcinoembryonic antigen S
(CEA)
Nonsmokers 0.0–3.0 μg/L 0.0–3.0 ng/mL
Smokers 0.0–5.0 μg/L 0.0–5.0 ng/mL
Ceruloplasmin S 250–630 mg/L 25–63 mg/dL
Chloride S 102–109 mmol/L 102–109 meq/L
Cholesterol: see Table 5
Cholinesterase S 5–12 kU/L 5–12 U/mL
Chromogranin A S 0–50 μg/L 0–50 ng/mL
Complement S
C3 0.83–1.77 g/L 83–177 mg/dL
C4 0.16–0.47 g/L 16–47 mg/dL
Complement total 60–144 CAE units
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Cortisol
Fasting, 8 A.M.–12 noon S 138–690 nmol/L 5–25 μg/dL

Complement S
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C3 0.83–1.77 g/L 83–177 mg/dL
C4 0.16–0.47 g/L 16–47 mg/dL
Complement total 60–144 CAE units 60–144 CAE units
Cortisol
Fasting, 8 A.M.–12 noon S 138–690 nmol/L 5–25 μg/dL
12 noon–8 P.M. 138–414 nmol/L 5–15 μg/dL
8 P.M.–8 A.M. 0–276 nmol/L 0–10 μg/dL
Creactive protein S <10 mg/L <10 mg/L
Creactive protein, high S Cardiac risk Cardiac risk

sensitivity Low: <1.0 mg/L Low: <1.0 mg/L
Average: 1.0–3.0 mg/L Average: 1.0–3.0 mg/L
High: >3.0 mg/L High: >3.0 mg/L
Creatine kinase (total) S
Females 0.66–4.0 μkat/L 39–238 U/L
Males 0.87–5.0 μkat/L 51–294 U/L
Creatine kinaseMB S
Mass 0.0–5.5 μg/L 0.0–5.5 ng/mL
Fraction of total activity (by 0–0.04 0–4.0%

electrophoresis)
Creatinine S
Female 44–80 μmol/L 0.5–0.9 mg/dL
Male 53–106 μmol/L 0.6–1.2 mg/dL
Cryoglobulins S Not applicable None detected
Cystatin C S 0.5–1.0 mg/L 0.5–1.0 mg/L
Dehydroepiandrosterone
(DHEA) (adult)
Male S 6.2–43.4 nmol/L 180–1250 ng/dL
Female 4.5–34.0 nmol/L 130–980 ng/dL
Dehydroepiandrosterone S
(DHEA) sulfate
Male (adult) 100–6190 μg/L 10–619 μg/dL
Female (adult, 120–5350 μg/L

Downloaded 2023227 6:2 P Your IP is 172.58.89.101 12–535 μg/dL
premenopausal)
Female (adult, 300–2600 μg/L 30–260 μg/dL
postmenopausal)
Dehydroepiandrosterone S
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(DHEA) sulfate
Male (adult) 100–6190 μg/L 10–619 μg/dL

premenopausal)

postmenopausal)
11Deoxycortisol (adult) S 0.34–4.56 nmol/L 12–158 ng/dL

(compound S)
Dihydrotestosterone
Male S, P 1.03–2.92 nmol/L 30–85 ng/dL
Dopamine P 0–130 pmol/L 0–20 pg/mL
Epinephrine P
Supine (30 min) <273 pmol/L <50 pg/mL
Sitting <328 pmol/L <60 pg/mL
Standing (30 min) <491 pmol/L <90 pg/mL
Erythropoietin S 4–27 U/L 4–27 U/L
Estradiol S, P
Female
Menstruating:
Follicular phase 74–532 pmol/L <20–145 pg/mL
Midcycle peak 411–1626 pmol/L 112–443 pg/mL
Luteal phase 74–885 pmol/L <20–241 pg/mL
Postmenopausal 217 pmol/L <59 pg/mL
Male 74 pmol/L <20 pg/mL
Estrone S, P
Female
Menstruating:
Follicular phase <555 pmol/L <150 pg/mL
Luteal phase <740 pmol/L <200 pg/mL
Postmenopausal 11–118 pmol/L 3–32 pg/mL
Male 33–133 pmol/L 9–36 pg/mL
Menstruating:
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Follicular phase <555 pmol/L <150 pg/mL
Luteal phase <740 pmol/L <200 pg/mL
Postmenopausal 11–118 pmol/L 3–32 pg/mL
Male 33–133 pmol/L 9–36 pg/mL
Fatty acids, free (nonesterified) P 0.1–0.6 mmol/L 2.8–16.8 mg/dL
Ferritin S
Female 10–150 μg/L 10–150 ng/mL
Male 29–248 μg/L 29–248 ng/mL
Folliclestimulating hormone S, P
(FSH)
Female
Menstruating
Follicular phase 3.0–20.0 IU/L 3.0–20.0 mIU/mL
Ovulatory phase 9.0–26.0 IU/L 9.0–26.0 mIU/mL
Luteal phase 1.0–12.0 IU/L 1.0–12.0 mIU/mL
Postmenopausal 18.0–153.0 IU/L 18.0–153.0 mIU/mL
Male 1.0–12.0 IU/L 1.0–12.0 mIU/mL
Fructosamine S <285 umol/L <285 umol/L
Gamma glutamyltransferase S 0.15–0.99 μkat/L 9–58 U/L
Gastrin S <100 ng/L <100 pg/mL
Glucagon P 40–130 ng/L 40–130 pg/mL
Glucose WB 3.6–5.3 mmol/L 65–95 mg/dL
Glucose (fasting) P
Normal 4.2–5.6 mmol/L 75–100 mg/dL
Increased risk for diabetes 5.6–6.9 mmol/L 100–125 mg/dL
Diabetes mellitus Fasting >7.0 mmol/L Fasting >126 mg/dL

A 2hour level of >11.1 mmol/L during an oral glucose A 2hour level of ≥200 mg/dL during an oral
tolerance test glucose tolerance test
A random glucose level of ≥11.1 mmol/L in patients A random glucose level of ≥200 mg/dL in
with symptoms of hyperglycemia patients with symptoms of hyperglycemia
Growth hormone S 0–5 μg/L 0–5 ng/mL

Hemoglobin A1c WB Page 13 / 25
Prediabetes 0.04–0.06 HgB fraction 4.0–5.6%
A 2hour level of >11.1 mmol/L during an oral glucose A 2hour level of ≥200 mg/dL during an oral
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tolerance test glucose tolerance test
A random glucose level of ≥11.1 mmol/L in patients A random glucose level of ≥200 mg/dL in
with symptoms of hyperglycemia patients with symptoms of hyperglycemia
Growth hormone S 0–5 μg/L 0–5 ng/mL
Hemoglobin A1c WB
Prediabetes 0.04–0.06 HgB fraction 4.0–5.6%
Diabetes mellitus 0.057–0.064 HgB fraction 5.7–6.4%

A hemoglobin A1c level of ≥0.065 Hgb fraction as A hemoglobin A1c level of ≥6.5% as suggested
suggested by the American Diabetes Association by the American Diabetes Association
Hemoglobin A1c with WB eAg (mmoL/L) = 1.59 × HbA1c – 2.59 eAg (mg/dL) = 28.7 × HbA1c – 46.7

estimated average glucose
(eAg)
Highdensity lipoprotein (HDL)
(see Table 5)
Homocysteine P 4.4–10.8 μmol/L 4.4–10.8 μmol/L
Human chorionic S
gonadotropin (HCG)
Nonpregnant female <5 IU/L <5 mIU/mL
1–2 weeks postconception 9–130 IU/L 9–130 mIU/mL
2–3 weeks postconception 75–2600 IU/L 75–2600 mIU/mL
3–4 weeks postconception 850–20,800 IU/L 850–20,800 mIU/mL
4–5 weeks postconception 4000–100,200 IU/L 4000–100,200 mIU/mL
5–10 weeks postconception 11,500–289,000 IU/L 11,500–289,000 mIU/mL
10–14 weeks post 18,300–137,000 IU/L 18,300–137,000 mIU/mL

conception
Second trimester 1400–53,000 IU/L 1400–53,000 mIU/mL
Third trimester 940–60,000 IU/L 940–60,000 mIU/mL
βHydroxybutyrate P 60–170 μmol/L 0.6–1.8 mg/dL
17Hydroxyprogesterone S
(adult)
Male <4.17 nmol/L <139 ng/dL
Female
Follicular phase 0.45–2.1 nmol/L 15–70 ng/dL
Luteal phase 1.05–8.7 nmol/L 35–290 ng/dL
Immunofixation S Not applicable No bands detected
Immunoglobulin, quantitation
Male <4.17 nmol/L <139 ng/dL
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Female
Follicular phase 0.45–2.1 nmol/L 15–70 ng/dL
Luteal phase 1.05–8.7 nmol/L 35–290 ng/dL
Immunofixation S Not applicable No bands detected
Immunoglobulin, quantitation
(adult)
IgA S 0.70–3.50 g/L 70–350 mg/dL

IgD S 0–140 mg/L 0–14 mg/dL
IgE S 1–87 kIU/L 1–87 IU/mL
IgG S 7.0–17.0 g/L 700–1700 mg/dL
IgG1 S 2.7–17.4 g/L 270–1740 mg/dL
IgG2 S 0.3–6.3 g/L 30–630 mg/dL
S 0.13–3.2 g/L 13–320 mg/dL
IgG3
S 0.11–6.2 g/L 11–620 mg/dL
IgG4
S 0.50–3.0 g/L 50–300 mg/dL
IgM
Insulin S, P 14.35–143.5 pmol/L 2–20 μU/mL
Iron S 7–25 μmol/L 41–141 μg/dL
Ironbinding capacity S 45–73 μmol/L 251–406 μg/dL
Ironbinding capacity S 0.16–0.35 16–35%

saturation
Ischemia modified albumin S <85 KU/L <85 U/mL
Joint fluid crystal JF Not applicable No crystals seen
Joint fluid mucin JF Not applicable Only type I mucin present
Ketone (acetone) S Negative Negative
Lactate P, arterial 0.5–1.6 mmol/L 4.5–14.4 mg/dL

P, venous 0.5–2.2 mmol/L 4.5–19.8 mg/dL
Lactate dehydrogenase S 2.0–3.8 μkat/L 115–221 U/L
Lipase S 0.51–0.73 μkat/L 3–43 U/L
Lipids: see Table 5
Lipoprotein (a) S 0–300 mg/L 0–30 mg/dL
Lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL)
(see Table 5)
Luteinizing hormone (LH) S, P
Female
Menstruating Page 15 / 25
Follicular phase 2.0–15.0 U/L 2.0–15.0 mIU/mL
Ovulatory phase 22.0–105.0 U/L 22.0–105.0 mIU/mL
(see Table 5) Access Provided by:
Luteinizing hormone (LH) S, P
Female
Menstruating
Follicular phase 2.0–15.0 U/L 2.0–15.0 mIU/mL

Ovulatory phase 22.0–105.0 U/L 22.0–105.0 mIU/mL
Luteal phase 0.6–19.0 U/L 0.6–19.0 mIU/mL
Postmenopausal 16.0–64.0 U/L 16.0–64.0 mIU/mL
Male 2.0–12.0 U/L 2.0–12.0 mIU/mL
Magnesium S 0.62–0.95 mmol/L 1.5–2.3 mg/dL
Metanephrine P <0.5 nmol/L <100 pg/mL
Methemoglobin WB 0.0–0.01 0–1%
Myoglobin S
Male 20–71 μg/L 20–71 μg/L

Female 25–58 μg/L 25–58 μg/L
Norepinephrine P
Supine (30 min) 650–2423 pmol/L 110–410 pg/mL

Sitting 709–4019 pmol/L 120–680 pg/mL
Standing (30 min) 739–4137 pmol/L 125–700 pg/mL
Ntelopeptide (crosslinked), S
NTx
Female, premenopausal 6.2–19.0 nmol BCE 6.2–19.0 nmol BCE

Male 5.4–24.2 nmol BCE 5.4–24.2 nmol BCE
NTPro BNP S, P <125 ng/L up to 75 years <125 pg/mL up to 75 years

<450 ng/L >75 years <450 pg/mL >75 years
5′ Nucleotidase S 0.00–0.19 μkat/L 0–11 U/L
Osmolality P 275–295 mOsmol/kg serum water 275–295 mOsmol/kg serum water
Osteocalcin S 11–50 μg/L 11–50 ng/mL
Oxygen content WB
Arterial (sea level) 17–21 17–21 vol%

Venous (sea level) 10–16 10–16 vol%
Oxygen saturation (sea level) WB Fraction: Percent:

Arterial 0.94–1.0 94–100%
Venous, arm 0.60–0.85 60–85%
Parathyroid hormone (intact) S 8–51 ng/L 8–51 pg/mL
Phosphatase, alkaline S 0.56–1.63 μkat/L 33–96 U/L
Phosphorus, inorganic S 0.81–1.4 mmol/L 2.5–4.3 mg/dL
Potassium S 3.5–5.0 mmol/L 3.5–5.0 meq/L

Oxygen saturation (sea level) WB Fraction: Percent:
Arterial 0.94–1.0 94–100% Access Provided by:
Venous, arm 0.60–0.85 60–85%
Parathyroid hormone (intact) S 8–51 ng/L 8–51 pg/mL
Phosphatase, alkaline S 0.56–1.63 μkat/L 33–96 U/L
Phosphorus, inorganic S 0.81–1.4 mmol/L 2.5–4.3 mg/dL
Potassium S 3.5–5.0 mmol/L 3.5–5.0 meq/L
Prealbumin S 170–340 mg/L 17–34 mg/dL
Procalcitonin S <0.1 μg/L <0.1 ng/mL
Progesterone S, P
Female: Follicular <3.18 nmol/L <1.0 ng/mL

Midluteal 9.54–63.6 nmol/L 3–20 ng/mL
Male <3.18 nmol/L <1.0 ng/mL
Prolactin S
Male 53–360 mg/L 2.5–17 ng/mL

Female 40–530 mg/L 1.9–25 ng/mL
Prostatespecific antigen (PSA) S 0.0–4.0 μg/L 0.0–4.0 ng/mL
Prostatespecific antigen, free S With total PSA between 4 and 10 μg/L and when the With total PSA between 4 and 10 ng/mL and

free PSA is: when the free PSA is:
>0.25 decreased risk of prostate cancer >25% decreased risk of prostate cancer
<0.10 increased risk of prostate cancer <10% increased risk of prostate cancer
Protein fractions: S
Albumin 35–55 g/L 3.5–5.5 g/dL (50–60%)

Globulin 20–35 g/L 2.0–3.5 g/dL (40–50%)
Alpha1 2–4 g/L 0.2–0.4 g/dL (4.2–7.2%)
Alpha2 5–9 g/L 0.5–0.9 g/dL (6.8–12%)
6–11 g/L 0.6–1.1 g/dL (9.3–15%)
Beta
7–17 g/L 0.7–1.7 g/dL (13–23%)
Gamma
Protein, total S 67–86 g/L 6.7–8.6 g/dL
Pyruvate P 40–130 μmol/L 0.35–1.14 mg/dL
Rheumatoid factor S <15 kIU/L <15 IU/mL
Serotonin WB 0.28–1.14 umol/L 50–200 ng/mL
Serum protein electrophoresis S Not applicable Normal pattern
Sex hormone–binding globulin S
(adult)
Male 11–80 nmol/L 11–80 nmol/L

Female 30–135 nmol/L 30–135 nmol/L
Sodium S 136–146 mmol/L
©2023 McGraw Hill. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use • Privacy Policy • Notice • Accessibility 136–146 meq/L
SomatomedinC (IGF1) (adult) S
Access Provided by:
Sex hormone–binding globulin S
(adult)
Male 11–80 nmol/L 11–80 nmol/L

Female 30–135 nmol/L 30–135 nmol/L
Sodium S 136–146 mmol/L 136–146 meq/L
SomatomedinC (IGF1) (adult) S
16 years 226–903 μg/L 226–903 ng/mL

17 years 193–731 μg/L 193–731 ng/mL
18 years 163–584 μg/L 163–584 ng/mL
19 years 141–483 μg/L 141–483 ng/mL
20 years 127–424 μg/L 127–424 ng/mL
21–25 years 116–358 μg/L 116–358 ng/mL
26–30 years 117–329 μg/L 117–329 ng/mL
31–35 years 115–307 μg/L 115–307 ng/mL
36–40 years 119–204 μg/L 119–204 ng/mL
41–45 years 101–267 μg/L 101–267 ng/mL
46–50 years 94–252 μg/L 94–252 ng/mL
51–55 years 87–238 μg/L 87–238 ng/mL
56–60 years 81–225 μg/L 81–225 ng/mL
61–65 years 75–212 μg/L 75–212 ng/mL
66–70 years 69–200 μg/L 69–200 ng/mL

71–75 years 64–188 μg/L 64–188 ng/mL
76–80 years 59–177 μg/L 59–177 ng/mL
81–85 years 55–166 μg/L 55–166 ng/mL
Somatostatin P <25 ng/L <25 pg/mL
Testosterone, free
Female, adult S 10.4–65.9 pmol/L 3–19 pg/mL

Male, adult 312–1041 pmol/L 90–300 pg/mL
Testosterone, total, S

Male 9.36–37.10 nmol/L 270–1070 ng/dL
Thyroglobulin S 1.3–31.8 μg/L 1.3–31.8 ng/mL
Thyroidbinding globulin S 13–30 mg/L 1.3–3.0 mg/dL
Thyroidstimulating hormone S 0.34–4.25 mIU/L 0.34–4.25 μIU/mL
Thyroxine, free (fT4) S 9.0–16 pmol/L 0.7–1.24 ng/dL
Thyroxine, total (T4) S 70–151 nmol/L 5.4–11.7 μg/dL
Thyroxine index (free) S 6.7–10.9 6.7–10.9
Transferrin S 2.0–4.0 g/L 200–400 mg/dL
Triglycerides (see Table 5) S 0.34–2.26 mmol/L 30–200 mg/dL
Triiodothyronine, free (fT3) S 3.7–6.5 pmol/L 2.4–4.2 pg/mL
Thyroxine, total (T4) S 70–151 nmol/L 5.4–11.7 μg/dL
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Thyroxine index (free) S 6.7–10.9 6.7–10.9
Transferrin S 2.0–4.0 g/L 200–400 mg/dL
Triglycerides (see Table 5) S 0.34–2.26 mmol/L 30–200 mg/dL
Triiodothyronine, free (fT3) S 3.7–6.5 pmol/L 2.4–4.2 pg/mL
Triiodothyronine, total (T3) S 1.2–2.1 nmol/L 77–135 ng/dL
Troponin I (method S, P
dependent)
99th percentile of a healthy 0–0.04 μg/L 0–0.04 ng/mL

population
Troponin T S, P
99th percentile of a healthy 0–0.01 μg/L 0–0.01 ng/mL

population
Urea nitrogen S 2.5–7.1 mmol/L 7–20 mg/dL
Uric acid S
Females 0.15–0.33 mmol/L 2.5–5.6 mg/dL

Males 0.18–0.41 mmol/L 3.1–7.0 mg/dL
Vasoactive intestinal P 0–60 ng/L 0–60 pg/mL

polypeptide
Zinc protoporphyrin WB 0–400 μg/L 0–40 μg/dL
Zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP)to WB 0–69 μmol ZPP/mol heme 0–69 μmol ZPP/mol heme

heme ratio
Abbreviations: BCE, bone collagen equivalent; IGF, insulinlike growth factor; P, plasma; S, serum; WB, whole blood.
TABLE 3
TOXICOLOGY AND THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING
THERAPEUTIC RANGE TOXIC LEVEL
DRUG SI UNITS CONVENTIONAL UNITS SI UNITS CONVENTIONAL UNITS
Acetaminophen 66–199 μmol/L 10–30 μg/mL >1320 μmol/L >200 μg/mL
Amikacin
Peak 34–51 μmol/L 20–30 μg/mL >60 μmol/L >35 μg/mL

Trough 0–17 μmol/L 0–10 μg/mL >17 μmol/L >10 μg/mL
Amitriptyline–nortriptyline (total drug) 430–900 nmol/L 120–250 ng/mL >1800 nmol/L >500 ng/mL
Amphetamine 150–220 nmol/L 20–30 ng/mL >1500 nmol/L >200 ng/mL
Bromide 9.4–18.7 mmol/L 75–150 mg/dL >18.8 mmol/L >150 mg/dL
Peak 34–51 μmol/L 20–30 μg/mL >60 μmol/L >35 μg/mL Access Provided by:
Amitriptyline–nortriptyline (total drug) 430–900 nmol/L 120–250 ng/mL >1800 nmol/L >500 ng/mL
Amphetamine 150–220 nmol/L 20–30 ng/mL >1500 nmol/L >200 ng/mL
Bromide 9.4–18.7 mmol/L 75–150 mg/dL >18.8 mmol/L >150 mg/dL
Mild toxicity 6.4–18.8 mmol/L 51–150 mg/dL
Severe toxicity >18.8 mmol/L >150 mg/dL
Lethal >37.5 mmol/L >300 mg/dL
Caffeine 25.8–103 μmol/L 5–20 μg/mL >206 μmol/L >40 μg/mL
Carbamazepine 17–42 μmol/L 4–10 μg/mL >85 μmol/L >20 μg/mL
Chloramphenicol

Chlordiazepoxide 1.7–10 μmol/L 0.5–3.0 μg/mL >17μmol/L >5.0 μg/mL
Clonazepam 32–240 nmol/L 10–75 ng/mL >320 nmol/L >100 ng/mL
Clozapine 0.6–2.1 μmol/L 200–700 ng/mL >3.7 μmol/L >1200 ng/mL
Cocaine >3.3 μmol/L >1.0 μg/mL
Codeine 43–110 nmol/mL 13–33 ng/mL >3700 nmol/mL >1100 ng/mL (lethal)
Cyclosporine
Renal transplant
0–6 months 208–312 nmol/L 250–375 ng/mL >312 nmol/L >375 ng/mL

6–12 months after transplant 166–250 nmol/L 200–300 ng/mL >250 nmol/L >300 ng/mL
>12 months 83–125 nmol/L 100–150 ng/mL >125 nmol/L >150 ng/mL
Cardiac transplant

6–12 months after transplant 125–208 nmol/L 150–250 ng/mL >208 nmol/L >250 ng/mL
>12 months 83–125 nmol/L 100–150 ng/mL >125 nmol/L 150 ng/mL
Lung transplant
Liver transplant
Initiation 208–291 nmol/L 250–350 ng/mL >291 nmol/L >350 ng/mL

Maintenance 83–166 nmol/L 100–200 ng/mL >166 nmol/L >200 ng/mL
Desipramine 375–1130 nmol/L
Downloaded 2023227 6:2 P Your IP is 172.58.89.101 100–300 ng/mL >1880 nmol/L >500 ng/mL
Diazepam (and metabolite)
Diazepam 0.7–3.5 μmol/L 0.2–1.0 μg/mL >7.0 μmol/L >2.0 μg/mL

Liver transplant Access Provided by:
Initiation 208–291 nmol/L 250–350 ng/mL >291 nmol/L >350 ng/mL

Desipramine 375–1130 nmol/L 100–300 ng/mL >1880 nmol/L >500 ng/mL
Diazepam (and metabolite)
Diazepam 0.7–3.5 μmol/L 0.2–1.0 μg/mL >7.0 μmol/L >2.0 μg/mL

Nordiazepam 0.4–6.6 μmol/L 0.1–1.8 μg/mL >9.2 μmol/L >2.5 μg/mL
Digoxin 0.64–2.6 nmol/L 0.5–2.0 ng/mL >5.0 nmol/L >3.9 ng/mL
Disopyramide 5.3–14.7 μmol/L 2–5 μg/mL >20.6 μmol/L >7 μg/mL
Doxepin and nordoxepin
Doxepin 0.36–0.98 μmol/L 101–274 ng/mL >1.8 μmol/L >503 ng/mL

Nordoxepin 0.38–1.04 μmol/L 106–291 ng/mL >1.9 μmol/L >531 ng/mL
Ethanol
Behavioral changes >4.3 mmol/L >20 mg/dL

Legal limit ≥17 mmol/L ≥80 mg/dL
Critical with acute exposure >54 mmol/L >250 mg/dL
Ethylene glycol
Toxic >2 mmol/L >12 mg/dL

Lethal >20 mmol/L >120 mg/dL
Ethosuximide 280–700 μmol/L 40–100 μg/mL >700 μmol/L >100 μg/mL
Everolimus 3.13–8.35 nmol/L 3–8 ng/mL >12.5 nmol/L >12 ng/mL
Flecainide 0.5–2.4 μmol/L 0.2–1.0 μg/mL >3.6 μmol/L >1.5 μg/mL
Gentamicin
Peak 10–21 μmol/mL 5–10 μg/mL >25 μmol/mL >12 μg/mL

Trough 0–4.2 μmol/mL 0–2 μg/mL >4.2 μmol/mL >2 μg/mL
Heroin (diacetyl morphine) >700 μmol/L >200 ng/mL (as morphine)
Ibuprofen 49–243 μmol/L 10–50 μg/mL >970 μmol/L >200 μg/mL
Imipramine (and metabolite)
Desimipramine 375–1130 nmol/L 100–300 ng/mL >1880 nmol/L >500 ng/mL

Total imipramine + desimipramine 563–1130 nmol/L 150–300 ng/mL >1880 nmol/L >500 ng/mL
Lamotrigine 11.7–54.7 μmol/L 3–14 μg/mL >58.7 μmol/L >15 μg/mL
Lidocaine 5.1–21.3 μmol/L 1.2–5.0 μg/mL >38.4 μmol/L >9.0 μg/mL
Lithium 0.5–1.3 mmol/L 0.5–1.3 meq/L >2 mmol/L >2 meq/L
Methadone 1.0–3.2 μmol/L 0.3–1.0 μg/mL >6.5 μmol/L >2 μg/mL
Methamphetamine 0.07–0.34 μmol/L 0.01–0.05 μg/mL >3.35 μmol/L >0.5 μg/mL
Lamotrigine 11.7–54.7 μmol/L 3–14 μg/mL >58.7 μmol/L >15 μg/mL
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Lidocaine 5.1–21.3 μmol/L 1.2–5.0 μg/mL >38.4 μmol/L >9.0 μg/mL
Lithium 0.5–1.3 mmol/L 0.5–1.3 meq/L >2 mmol/L >2 meq/L
Methadone 1.0–3.2 μmol/L 0.3–1.0 μg/mL >6.5 μmol/L >2 μg/mL
Methamphetamine 0.07–0.34 μmol/L 0.01–0.05 μg/mL >3.35 μmol/L >0.5 μg/mL
Methanol >6 mmol/L >20 mg/dL
Methotrexate
Lowdose 0.01–0.1 μmol/L 0.01–0.1 μmol/L >0.1 mmol/L >0.1 mmol/L

Highdose (24 h) <5.0 μmol/L <5.0 μmol/L >5.0 μmol/L >5.0 μmol/L
Morphine 232–286 μmol/L 65–80 ng/mL >720 μmol/L >200 ng/mL
Mycophenolic acid 3.1–10.9 μmol/L 1.0–3.5 ng/mL >37 μmol/L >12 ng/mL
Nitroprusside (as thiocyanate) 103–499 μmol/L 6–29 μg/mL 860 μmol/L >50 μg/mL
Nortriptyline 190–569 nmol/L 50–150 ng/mL >1900 nmol/L >500 ng/mL
Phenobarbital 65–172 μmol/L 15–40 μg/mL >258 μmol/L >60 μg/mL
Phenytoin 40–79 μmol/L 10–20 μg/mL >158 μmol/L >40 μg/mL
Phenytoin, free % Free 4.0–7.9 μg/mL 1–2 μg/mL >13.9 μg/mL >3.5 μg/mL

0.08–0.14 8–14%
Primidone and metabolite
Primidone 23–55 μmol/L 5–12 μg/mL >69 μmol/L >15 μg/mL

Phenobarbital 65–172 μmol/L 15–40 μg/mL >215 μmol/L >50 μg/mL
Procainamide
Procainamide 17–42 μmol/L 4–10 μg/mL >43 μmol/L >10 μg/mL

NAPA (Nacetylprocainamide) 22–72 μmol/L 6–20μg/mL >126 μmol/L >35 μg/mL
Quinidine 6.2–15.4 μmol/L 2.0–5.0 μg/mL >19 μmol/L >6 μg/mL
Salicylates 145–2100 μmol/L 2–29 mg/dL >2900 μmol/L >40 mg/dL
Sirolimus (trough level)
Kidney transplant 4.4–15.4 nmol/L 4–14 ng/mL >16 nmol/L >15 ng/mL
Tacrolimus (FK506) (trough)
Kidney and liver 12–19 nmol/L 10–15 ng/mL >25 nmol/L >20 ng/mL
Initiation
Heart
Tacrolimus (FK506) (trough)
Access Provided by:
Kidney and liver 12–19 nmol/L 10–15 ng/mL >25 nmol/L >20 ng/mL
Initiation
Heart
Initiation 19–25 nmol/L 15–20 ng/mL
Maintenance 6–12 nmol/L 5–10 ng/mL
Theophylline 56–111 μg/mL 10–20 μg/mL >168 μg/mL >30 μg/mL
Thiocyanate
After nitroprusside infusion 103–499 μmol/L 6–29 μg/mL 860 μmol/L >50 μg/mL

Nonsmoker 17–69 μmol/L 1–4 μg/mL
Smoker 52–206 μmol/L 3–12 μg/mL
Tobramycin
Peak 11–22 μg/L 5–10 μg/mL >26 μg/L >12 μg/mL

Trough 0–4.3 μg/L 0–2 μg/mL >4.3 μg/L >2 μg/mL
Valproic acid 346–693 μmol/L 50–100 μg/mL >693 μmol/L >100 μg/mL
Vancomycin

Trough 3.5–10.4 μmol/L 5–15 μg/mL >14 μmol/L >20 μg/mL
TABLE 4
VITAMINS
AND SELECTED TRACE MINERALS
REFERENCE RANGE
SPECIMEN ANALYTE SI UNITS CONVENTIONAL UNITS
Aluminum S <0.2 μmol/L <5.41 μg/L
Arsenic WB 0.03–0.31 μmol/L 2–23 μg/L
Cadmium WB <44.5 nmol/L <5.0 μg/L
Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) P 433–1532 μg/L 433–1532 μg/L
βCarotene S 0.07–1.43 μmol/L 4–77 μg/dL
Copper S 11–22 μmol/L 70–140 μg/dL
Folic acid RC 340–1020 nmol/L cells 150–450 ng/mL cells
Folic acid S 12.2–40.8 nmol/L 5.4–18.0 ng/mL
Lead (adult) S <0.5 μmol/L <10 μg/dL
Mercury WB 3.0–294 nmol/L 0.6–59 μg/L

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TABLE 4
VITAMINS
AND SELECTED TRACE MINERALS
REFERENCE RANGE
SPECIMEN ANALYTE SI UNITS CONVENTIONAL UNITS
Aluminum S <0.2 μmol/L <5.41 μg/L
Arsenic WB 0.03–0.31 μmol/L 2–23 μg/L
Cadmium WB <44.5 nmol/L <5.0 μg/L
Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) P 433–1532 μg/L 433–1532 μg/L
βCarotene S 0.07–1.43 μmol/L 4–77 μg/dL
Copper S 11–22 μmol/L 70–140 μg/dL
Folic acid RC 340–1020 nmol/L cells 150–450 ng/mL cells
Folic acid S 12.2–40.8 nmol/L 5.4–18.0 ng/mL
Lead (adult) S <0.5 μmol/L <10 μg/dL
Mercury WB 3.0–294 nmol/L 0.6–59 μg/L
Selenium S 0.8–2.0 umol/L 63–160 μg/L
Vitamin A S 0.7–3.5 μmol/L 20–100 μg/dL
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) S 0–75 nmol/L 0–2 μg/dL
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) S 106–638 nmol/L 4–24 μg/dL
Vitamin B6 P 20–121 nmol/L 5–30 ng/mL
Vitamin B12 S 206–735 pmol/L 279–996 pg/mL
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) S 23–57 μmol/L 0.4–1.0 mg/dL
Vitamin D3,1,25dihydroxy, total S, P 36–180 pmol/L 15–75 pg/mL
Vitamin D3, 25hydroxy, total P 75–250 nmol/L 30–100 ng/mL
Vitamin E S 12–42 μmol/L 5–18 μg/mL
Vitamin K S 0.29–2.64 nmol/L 0.13–1.19 ng/mL
Zinc S 11.5–18.4 μmol/L 75–120 μg/dL
Abbreviations: P, plasma; RC, red cells; S, serum; WB, whole blood.
TABLE 5
CLASSIFICATION OF LDL, TOTAL, AND HDL CHOLESTEROL Page 24 / 25
LDL Cholesterol
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Zinc S 11.5–18.4 μmol/L 75–120 μg/dL
Abbreviations: P, plasma; RC, red cells; S, serum; WB, whole blood.
TABLE 5
CLASSIFICATION OF LDL, TOTAL, AND HDL CHOLESTEROL
LDL Cholesterol
<70 mg/dL Therapeutic option for very high risk patients
<100 mg/dL Optimal
100–129 mg/dL Near optimal/above optimal
130–159 mg/dL Borderline high
160–189 mg/dL High
≥190 mg/dL Very high
Total Cholesterol
<200 mg/dL Desirable
200–239 mg/dL Borderline high
≥240 mg/dL High
HDL Cholesterol
<40 mg/dL Low
≥60 mg/dL High
Abbreviations: LDL, lowdensity lipoprotein; HDL, highdensity lipoprotein.
Source: Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high
blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel III). JAMA 2001; 285:2486–97. Implications of Recent Clinical Trials for the National Cholesterol Education
Program Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines. SM Grundy et al for the Coordinating Committee of the National Cholesterol Education Program: Circulation 110:227,
2004.

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ANALYTE SPECIMEN SI UNITS CONVENTIONAL UNITS

Activated clotting time WB 70–180 s 70–180 s

Activated protein C resistance (factor P Not applicable Ratio >2.1

ADAMTS13 activity P ≥0.67 ≥67%

ADAMTS13 inhibitor activity P Not applicable ≤0.4 U

ADAMTS13 antibody P Not applicable ≤18 U

Alpha2 antiplasmin P 0.87–1.55 87–155%

PTT­LA (lupus anticoagulant P Negative Negative

Platelet neutralization procedure P Negative Negative

Dilute viper venom screen P Negative Negative

IgG 0–15 arbitrary units 0–15 GPL

IgM 0–15 arbitrary units 0–15 MPL

Antigenic 220–390 mg/L 22–39 mg/dL

Functional 0.7–1.30 U/L 70–130%

Functional 0.7–1.30 U/L 70–130%

Unfractionated heparin 0.3–0.7 kIU/L 0.3–0.7 IU/mL

Low­molecular­weight heparin 0.5–1.0 kIU/L 0.5–1.0 IU/mL

Danaparoid (Orgaran) 0.5–0.8 kIU/L 0.5–0.8 IU/mL

Autohemolysis test WB 0.004–0.045 0.4–4.50%

Autohemolysis test with glucose WB 0.003–0.007 0.3–0.7%

Bleeding time (adult) <7.1 min <7.1 min

Clot retraction WB 0.50–1.00/2 h 50–100%/2 h

Cryofibrinogen P Negative Negative

D­dimer P 220–740 ng/mL FEU 220–740 ng/mL FEU

Neutrophils 0.40–0.70 40–70%

Bands 0.0–0.05 0–5%

Lymphocytes 0.20–0.50 20–50%

Monocytes 0.04–0.08 4–8%

Eosinophils 0.0–0.6 0–6%

Basophils 0.0–0.02 0–2%

Neutrophils 1.42–6.34 × 109/L 1420–6340/mm3

Bands 0–0.45 × 109/L 0–450/mm3

Lymphocytes 0.71–4.53 × 109/L 710–4530/mm3

Monocytes 0.14–0.72 × 109/L 140–720/mm3

Eosinophils 0–0.54 × 109/L 0–540/mm3

Basophils 0–0.18 × 109/L 0–180/mm3

Basophils 0–0.18 × 109/L 0–180/mm3

Adult males 4.30–5.60 × 1012/L 4.30–5.60 × 106/mm3

Adult females 4.00–5.20 × 1012/L 4.00–5.20 × 106/mm3

Normal survival 120 days 120 days

Chromium labeled, half­life (t1/2) 25–35 days 25–35 days

Females 0–20 mm/h 0–20 mm/h

Males 0–15 mm/h 0–15 mm/h

Euglobulin lysis time P 7200–14400 s 120–240 min

Factor II, prothrombin P 0.50–1.50 50–150%

Factor V P 0.50–1.50 50–150%

Factor VII P 0.50–1.50 50–150%

Factor VIII P 0.50–1.50 50–150%

Factor IX P 0.50–1.50 50–150%

Factor X P 0.50–1.50 50–150%

Factor XI P 0.50–1.50 50–150%

Factor XII P 0.50–1.50 50–150%

Factor XIII screen P Not applicable Present

Factor inhibitor assay P <0.5 Bethesda Units <0.5 Bethesda Units

Fibrin(ogen) degradation products P 0–1 mg/L 0–1 μg/mL

Fibrinogen P 2.33–4.96 g/L 233–496 mg/dL

Glucose­6­phosphate dehydrogenase WB <2400 s <40 min

Ham's test (acid serum) WB Negative Negative

PTTLA (lupus anticoagulant P Negative Negative

Lowmolecularweight heparin 0.5–1.0 kIU/L 0.5–1.0 IU/mL

Ddimer P 220–740 ng/mL FEU 220–740 ng/mL FEU

Chromium labeled, halflife (t1/2) 25–35 days 25–35 days

Glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase WB <2400 s <40 min

Heparininduced thrombocytopenia P Negative Negative