Nutrition in Animals Answers

Answer in one word:
1. Thread-like structure on the body of Paramecium for capturing prey : cilia

2. Tube-like structure of a butterfly that helps it to suck nectar from flowers: Proboscis
3. The process of taking food into the body: Ingestion
4. Removal of undigested and unabsorbed solid residues of food from the body: Egestion
5. The largest chamber of a ruminant stomach: Rumen
Answer the following questions in brief.
1. Differentiate between the following:
a. Assimilation and absorption
Assimilation Absorption
The process of utilising absorbed nutrients for After digestion, the simpler substances are
energy, growth and development then absorbed by the blood. This
by body is called assimilation. process is called absorption. The absorbed
nutrients are then transported to
different parts of the body.
b. Ingestion and egestion

Ingestion Egestion
The process of intake of food is called During the process of digestion, some part of
ingestion. the food may not get digested. This
undigested food is expelled from the body
along with some water in the form of
faeces through the process of egestion.
c. Permanent and milk teeth

Permanent teeth Milk teeth
Start replacing milk teeth in the 6th year Start appearing after 6 months of child
of age birth
They are 32 in number They are 20 in number
Once shed, they cannot be replace They are shed off and replaced by
naturally permanent set of teeth
The contain 6 molars in each jaw They do not contain molars
2. Discuss the role of tongue in our digestive tract.

Tongue helps to turn and mix the food with saliva and it also helps to push the chewed
food into oesophagus.
3. A person got his gall bladder surgically removed as he had gall stones. How will this
affect digestion? What kind of food should he refrain from eating?
Bile juice secreted from liver is stored in Gall balder. Bile breaks down large fat globules
into small fat globules. This process is called emulsification.
A person who has no gall bladder cannot effectively digest fatty food. So he cannot eat
any fatty foods.
4. Explain the role of acid produced in the stomach.
The gastric juices include hydrochloric acid and enzymes. These enzymes break down the
proteins present in the food into simpler substances. The acid kills any bacteria that come
along the food.
5. Name the glands associated with our digestive system.
The glands associated with our digestive system are
a) Salivary gland
b) Liver
c) Pancreas
6. Why can human beings not digest cellulose?
Human beings do not possess bacteria present in goats, cows and sheep called ruminants
that help them digest the cellulose.
Answer the following questions in detail.
1. List two features of the small intestine that help in absorption of digested food.
After complete digestion, the soluble food gets absorbed in the small intestine through minute
finger-like projections called villi (singular: villus) present on the inner lining of the small
intestine. The villi are richly supplied with blood vessels or capillaries. These villi increase the
surface area of the intestine for absorption of the digested food. Also, the walls of small intestine
have numerous folds that increase the surface area for absorption.
2. What are the functions of large intestine?
The undigested and unabsorbed food is passed to the large intestine. It is a 1.5 m long
tube that absorbs water and necessary salts from undigested food. In the large intestine,
no digestion takes place.
The remaining part of the food is pushed into the rectum. The solid waste is stored in the
rectum in the form of faeces and expelled from the body through anus by a process called
defecation.
3. What are the steps of nutrition? Explain each of them.
In animals, nutrition is carried out in five steps—ingestion, digestion,
absorption, assimilation and egestion.
a. Ingestion: The process of intake of food is called ingestion.

b. Digestion: The ingested food is first broken down into smaller and simpler
compounds. This process is called digestion.
c. Absorption:The simpler substances are then absorbed by the blood after
digestion. This process is called absorption.
d. Assimilation: The process of utilising absorbed nutrients for energy, growth and
development by body is called assimilation.
e. Egestion: During the process of digestion, some part of the food may not get
digested. This undigested food is expelled from the body along with some water
in the form of faeces through the process of egestion.
4. Draw a neat diagram of human digestive system and name and label the following parts in it:
a. Where digestion begins : Salivary glands
b. Where acid is produced: Stomach
c. Where bile is stored : gall bladder
d. Largest gland: Liver
e. Where digestion is completed : Small intestine
f. Where most water is absorbed: Large intestine
Where digestion
begins : Salivary glands
5. Explain the role of pancreas in the process of digestion.
6. A slice of bread gives a positive iodine test. However, if the slice is thoroughly chewed,
the test is negative. Explain giving reasons.
7. Explain the process of digestion in ruminants. How do ruminants digest their food
in two steps?
8. Explain how Amoeba takes in nutrition with the help of a diagram.

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Answer in one word:

1. Thread-like structure on the body of Paramecium for capturing prey : cilia

b. Ingestion and egestion

c. Permanent and milk teeth

2. Discuss the role of tongue in our digestive tract.

a. Ingestion: The process of intake of food is called ingestion.

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