f~~

focus /'=iJq,

radio
on
communications
technology. . . maaazine

JUNE 1 9 7 1
I

this, month

432wMHz SSB fm carrier-operated

relay 22

audio agc systems 28

practical intergrated
circuits 40

low-noise 1296-MHz
preamplifier 50
 THE ALPHA SEVENTY
ISN'T FOR EVERYONE. . .
The ALPHA SEVENTY is to the serious amateur radio operator something like
Porsche and Mercedes combined to the serious automotive enthusiast. Just as almost any
car will transport you a t maximum legal speed from point A to point B on a smooth,
straight highway, so will almost any "legal limit" amplifier make your signal louder at the
other end.
But the ALPHA SEVENTY is a t the same time a thoroughbred high-performance
machine and a quiet, luxurious workhorse.
The ALPHA SEVENTY is nimble and easy-handling in competition. Precisely
resettable controls make six-second band changes routine; like a precision short-throw
gear box, they make "hunting" unnecessary and reduce the probability of error. Should
you nevertheless "miss the gate" during a fast middle-of-the-night band change, you
won't end up off the air with a handful of burned up bandswitch contacts or a melted
down tank coil (our bandswitch is rated for 6500 volts and 20 amperes, continuous).
Battleship-rugged electrical and mechanical construction throughout takes abuse in stride.
The ALPHA SEVENTY is all muscle. We believe that sheer size and weight are no
more advantageous in high performance amplifiers than in high performance automobiles.
Thoughtful design, and the utilization of state-of-the-art components (like a power
transformer with core of tape-wound ~ilectron@steel, plus vacuum-dielectric plate
capacitor and TIR relays), has eliminated dead weight and needlessly wasted space. The
ALPHA SEVENTY sits right at your fingertips on the operating desk without
shouldering everything else aside.
The ALPHA SEVENTY is ideal for applications demanding outstanding endurance.
Despite i t s convenient size, it's as much at home on teletype or slow scan TV as it is on
SSB or CW. Conservative electrical design and premium quality components insure an
ample margin of safety even when running at a full locked-key kilowatt for hours - - or
days - - on end. And of course that means it's tolerant of errors . . . easy to use because
it's hard to hurt.
For all its exceptional performance capability and ruggedness, the
ALt%M SEVENTY is probably the most civilized amplifier you'll ever share your
shack with. Even "flat out" it operates in luxurious quiet, thanks to exclusive vapor phase
cooling. Total heat generation is reduced to an absolute minimum by ETO's electronic
bias control - - plate dissipation is zero except when an RF signal i s actually present. Heat
is flushed quietly out the rear of the cabinet, away from the operator. It's perfectly safe
to stack other equipment directly on top of the ALPPWASEVENTY ,or to lay your
Polaroids right above the amplifier tube!
No, the A L P h M SEVENTY isn't for everyone. But if you appreciate the exceptional
in performance. . . versatility . . . craftsmanship . . . uncompromised quality . . .
THE ALPHA S',FVENTY IS FOR YOU!

We haven't even mentioned many

other unique features of the
b4aSd.PuWA SIFVELVBY
space limitations. Write for a fully
detailed and illustrated brochure.

EHRHORN TECHNOLOGICAL OPERATIONS, INC.

BROOKSVILLE, FLORIDA 33512 (904) 7968400
 IIYOU'Vt
EVER I f you haven't
already received

USED a copy of our NEW

1971Catalog of Precision
Quartz Crystals & Electronics

A for the Communications Industry,

SEND FOR YOUR COPY TODAY!

REPEATER, Somewhere along the line, in vir-

tually every ham repeater in the
world, you'll find a couple of Sentry
crystals.
Repeater owners and F M "old-
timers" don't take chances with
frequency-they can't afford to. A
l o t of repeater users depend o n a
receiver t o be on frequency, rock
stable ... in the dead of winter or the
middle of July. The repeater crowd
took a tip from the commercial
"pros" a long time ago-and went
the Sentry Route.
That's one of the reasons y o u can
depend on your local repeater t o be
there (precisely there) when you're
ready t o use it. FM'ers use the
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I F YOU WANT THE BEST,

SPECIFY SENTRY CRYSTALS.

YOU'VE USED A

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l 7
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PHONE: (405) 224- 6780
TWX-910-830-6425

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 94 june 1971 1

TEMPO FM-V FM-V PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS

new highs m No. Channels: 8

power suppIv Requirements:
12-15 V D C at 2 A
Sensltlvltv:
F o r 2 0 d B quleting - 0.W
Usable thieshold - 0.3pV
. 6 d B a t( ra t6f kuH

performance
Selectlvltv l l zquieting)

~im
2.36
m i oon.n h
s i:g h -70 d B at f 1 5 k H z
5.9 ~ n w . id6 Audlo out:

and value! we:26~tp

A c t ~ v eDev~ces:
I .ow
TRANSMITTER
R F o u t p u t : 12W
Transistors -26 M u l t ~ p l ~ c a t i ofactor:
n 12
Integrated Circults -2 Spur~ous
D ~ o d e s- 1 5 Better t h a n -60 d B
stab~l~ty:
I-Fs: x 0.00001
First -.10.7 M H z Devlat~on
Microphone included
second- 455 kHz Adjustable, 5 - 1 5 k H z
EXTRA FEATURES l OPTIONAL TESTSET ACCESSORY
A n attractive test set IS avalleble as an ootional add-on
lMETERING TEST SOCKET access or^. The test set mates w ~ t hthe bu~lt-antest
A built.on test socket can be used with any 50-100 socket. and ~ncludera sens~t~ve m~croammterthat can
m t e r to monitor all transmotter and receiver stages. be swltched to rnon#lor lransm~tterosc~llator. mlll-
lmludong DISCRIMINATOR (for zeroong t o Ire- pleer and dflver stages as well as fgrst and second local
quencvl. orc~llator napn of the recelver and d8scr1minator
current. $29.00

lOPERATIONIMAINTENANCE MANUAL STANDARDHENRYWARRANTY

A large manual lncludes photos and schematocs as well The FM.V IS backed uy Henry's standard warranty
x complete ~nstruct*onslor checkout. adlustmnt. that IS your assurance of excellence In qualttv of
and alngnment o f the tranxetver. qulpnrent, both mechanical and electr~cal.

l ) i . \ ~ r ~ t ~ 01
" \ I ' o ~ I t tIAIIA*(.\I
',~ i ~ A111atet1r
t < ~ r Radio Equipment"

2 june 197: More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 94

 June, 1971
volume 4, number 6

staff
James R Flsk, W l O T Y
edator

N ~ c h o l a sD . Skeer, K l P S R
vhf e d ~ t o r
J Jay O ' B r ~ e n .WGGDO
f m ed~tor

A l f r e d Wclson, WGNIF
James A Harvey. W A 6 I A K
asroclate edltors

Jean Frev
art dlrector
Wayne T . Pierce, K3SUK
cover
contents
T. ti. Tenney, Jr. W l N L E
publisher 6 practical approach to 432-MHz ssb
Frederick J. Telewski, W A 2 F S Q
John B . Morgan, K l R A
adverttsnng manager
22 fm carrier-operatedrelay
Murray Ronald, V E 4 R E
offices
Greenv8lle. N e w H a m p s h ~ r e0 3 0 4 8 24 high-frequency antenna matcher
Telephone 603-878-1441
Albert G. Shafer, W4SD
h a m r a d i o magaztne 1s
p u b l ~ s h e dm o n t h l y b y 28 audio agc systems
C o m m u n f c a t ~ o n rTechnology Inc
Greenv~lle.N e w Hampshfre 0 3 0 4 8 Courtney Hall, WA5SNZ

Subscnptjon rates w o r l d wide

one year, $6 00. three years. $ 1 2 0 0
34 antenna rotator repairs
Second class postage Fred M. Woolner, W A l ABP
pafd at Greenvflle. N H 0 3 0 4 8
a n d at addltaonal malltng offlcer
36 electronic hand keyer
F o r e ~ g ns u b s c r ~ p t ~ oagenrs
n
H. Paul Clarnpit, K 5 T C K
U n ~ t e dKlngdorn
R a d ~ oS o c ~ e t yo f Great B r ~ t a t n .
3 5 Doughty Street, L o n d o n W C l , E n g l ~ n d 4 0 integrated circuits
A l l European countrler Edward M. Noll, W3FQJ
Eskjl Persson. SMSCJP, Frotunagrand 1.
1 9 4 0 0 Upplands Vasby.Sweden
50 low-noise transistor 1296-MHz
A f r ~ c a ncontfnent preamplifier
Holland Radlo. 143 Greenway,
Greens~de.Johannesburg Gandolph Vilardi, W A 2 V T R
R e p u b l ~ co f South Afrlca

Copvrlght 1 9 7 0 b y
56 transistor power-dissipation ratings
C o m r n u n ~ c a r ~ o nTechnology.
s Inc James E. Nyffeler, WN9CGW
T ~ l l eregtstered at U S Pdtent O f f ~ c e
P r ~ n r e db y Wellerley Press. Inc
Wellerley, Massachusetts 02181, U S A 6 0 transmitter tuning unit for the blind
D o n C. Miller, W9NTP
h a m r a d ~ o8s avn~lal>lct o the b l ~ n d
and physically h a n d l c 3 1 ~ o~nd magnetlc tape
f r o m Science for the Blind. 63 Ten Tec R X l O communications
2 2 1 Rock H l l l Road B d l a C y n w y d ,
Pennsvlvan~a1 9 4 4 0 receiver
Mlcrofllrn copter o f current T. H. Tenney, W f N L B
and back Issues are ava~lable
f r o m Untvetrlry M ~ c r o f ~ l r n r ,
A n n A r b o r , Mlchlgdn 4 8 1 0 3
4 a second look
Postmaster Please send f o r m 3 5 7 9 t o 94 advertisers index 66 ham notebook
h a m r a d ~ ornagazlne. G r e ~ n v ~ l l r ,
N e w Harnpshlre
40 circuits and techniques 70 new products
03048 83 flea market 94 reader service

june 1971 3
 ond IOOk fish
. jim
A whole new class of broadband the silicon. However, when illuminated
high-power r f amplifiers i s about t o hit by the electron beam, output current is
the market; under study for some time, proportional t o beam current, and the
they use both vacuum-tube and semi- device acts as a linear amplifier. The rf
conductor technology. The EBS - elec- gain of the EBS amplifier is controlled by
tron-bombarded semiconductor - ampli- the current gain in the silicon target and
fier consists o f an electron-gun modula- the modulation sensitivity of the electron
tion system, semiconductor target and beam. Present laboratory amplifiers pro-
output coupling network, all within a vide gains in excess of 40 dB with
glass or ceramic envelope. The semicon- efficiencies over 65%.
ductor target is simply a pair of silicon The electron beam can also be de-
diodes, each consisting of two metallic flection modulated as in conventional
electrodes with a pn junction under the c a t h o d e - r a y tubes. W i t h a
top contact. deflection-modulated EBS amplifier and
Amplifier operation is based on a two semiconductor targets, no beam
well-known fact: A modulated electron current is intercepted when the beam is
beam can control the current in a re- not modulated. With an input signal, the
verse-biased semiconductor junction. I n electron beam is deflected from one
the EBS system shown in fig. 1 the target to another; the positive portion of
electron beam is intensity modulated by the sine wave is generated in one diode
an input signal on the grid. The high-pow- and the negative portion generated in the
er beam electrons that strike the silicon other. This is true class-B operation and
target create thousands of electron-hole provides high power-output capability.
pairs. Since there is a high bias voltage The EBS amplifiers presently reaching
across the target, the free electrons are the commercial market are limited to
attracted to the far contact; the holes operation below 1500 MHz. However,
return quickly t o the bombarded contact. engineers are working on new designs that
I n the absence of the electron beam should provide operation up to 5000
there is negligible current flow through MHz. Although it will be some time
before these devices find their way into
the amateur market - and then probably
by way of the surplus market - the EBS
amplifier offers an alternate approach to
the serious uhf amateur who wants to
BEdM
0
generate prodigious amounts of rf power
ACCELERATON
VOLTAGE
on 1296 MHz and above.
fig. 1. Basic EBS amplifier consists of modulat- Jim Fisk, WIDTY
ed electron gun and semiconductor target. editor

4 Q june 1971
 with -
7- VHF mobiles

to push
.. .. your signal
IMllES
1
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1 1
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6 & 2 METER MOBILE
' Heavy duty, precision ht, four
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Model HF-2: Antenna supplied
w ~ t h%"-24 base to fit any stand.
ard antenna mount. $9.50
Model HF-62: Supplied with POWER GAIN
automotive e ~ g h t ball base for
143-149 M HZ
3.4 db gain-% wavelength
Power rating: 200 w a t t s FM
Get the experience of solid communica-
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with the Hustler BBL models. Optimized
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s give you the extra advantage. Both
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t u r b ~ n gcar header. easy installat~on.

pP
Model 001-144: Mounts on any flat surface i n
f ~ e l dtrimmed for % " hole-easy installation on roof, (without
frequenctes between
140 and 500 MHz. pulling cars' header), deck or fender-complete
1 1 Complete w ~ t h15'
RG-58-U coax~alcable.
with adlustable, taper ground stainless steel
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PL-259 connector. $27.70

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More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 94 june 1971 • 5

 a practical
approach

This article is the result of a one year

study of techniques and devices applic-
able to 432 MHz ssb. I believe the
techniques described here represent the
best alternatives presently available. I n
each case I considered a number of
approaches; the most efficient * are
treated in detail, while the disadvantages
A survey of 23 of the others are discussed in an effort to
c acquaint you with some of the pitfalls.
techniques This by no means implies that the tech-
3 niques not advocated are impossible; the
non-recommended methods are feasible
and devices E
E but at a much higher overall cost.
I n an attempt t o make this article as
capable of generating C1 comprehensive as possible, all com-
L
0 ponents were built in modular form.
ssb on 432 MHz "
xi
While this adds slight additional cost
0
because of patch cables i t permits the
ultimate in versatility and allows verifica-
tion tests of all circuit arrangements.
Finally, all tests were made with cali-
brated laboratory test equipment. This
provides a valid data base in areas which
are normally troublesome to the amateur
(i. e. spurious output and intermodula-
tion distortion).

introduction
While operating on the 432-MHz band
during the past several years I have
noticed a definite lack of effective modu-
lation on most signals. Although a large
number of operators cling to cw (and i t s
*Efficient i n terms of electrical efficiency,
number of components and cost.
weak-signal effectiveness cannot be dis- the various devices that will function as
puted) it disturbs me t o see many con- amplifiers at 432 MHz. Linear uhf tran-
tacts severely limited in their ability to sistors are prohibitive because they are
exchange information when conditions expensive and limited to low power.
permit the use of higher density modula- Klystrons, amplitrons and cross-field
tion. Though amateurs are not hampered amplifiers, while capable o i high power,
in their ability to generate power at 432 are not suitable due to cost and com-

MIXER LINEAR LINEAR

LDCIL OSCILLATOR

fig. 1. Proposed system f o r running 500 watts P E P i n p u t o n 432 MHz. Efficiency of final stage is
assumed t o b e 40%

MHz they are apparently limited in their plexity. This leaves us with the family of
ability to modulate it efficiently. power-grid tubes. Table 1 shows popular
I t is the philosophy of this article to vacuum tubes and approximate gains
provide you with more than a cookbook which may be obtained as 432-MHz linear
which tells you where t o cut, bend and amplifiers. To make this information
drill. While much of the equipment dis- pertinent to the amateur both new and
cussed here may be duplicated i t is my used tubes were tested.
belief that few amateurs make identical The third-order intermodulation dis-
copies. However, sufficient information is tortion (IMD) values* for the tubes I
supplied to help you make intelligent tested fall in the 20- to 30-dB range.
decisions on the basis of economy and While this may sound low in comparison
already existing equipment. Although the to 20-meter standards, an objective analy-
equipment discussed here was evaluated sis is necessary to determine what ill
with laboratory-grade test equipment, the effects if any this will have on 432-MHz
ssb units were aligned for maximum operation. The major objections to IMD
output power in an amateur manner, then are its generation of signals outside the
evaluated, so the data is meaningful to communications passband and wasted
the amateur without access to sophisti- power. The former is a particular concern
cated test gear. on the high-frequency bands because of

power considerations
table 1. T y p i c a l linear performance of several
It is helpful to acquaint yourself with readily available power-grid tubes.

power 3 r d order
* T h e intermodulation distortion figures glven
gain output IM
here were measured in accordance w i t h stand-
IdB) (PEP watts) (d~)
ard commercial practice: i n reference t o one
of t h e t w o test tones. Amateurs normally 6939 15 2.6 25
measure rntermodulatlon distortion i n respect 2C39, 2 C 3 9 A 12.5-15 30 25-30
t o peak envelope p o w e r ; this yields I M figures 6 2 C 3 9 6 , 3 C X 1 0 0 A 5 . etC. 14-16 40 25-30
d B better than commercial practice. T o c o m - 4 X 1 5 0 A (new) 15 80 20-25
pare these I M flgures w i t h other amateur radlo (used) 14 80 20-25
articles y o u must Increase t he I M figure b y 6 4CX250B (new) 17 200 20-25
dB. I n t h ~ scase, 2 0 d B becomes 2 6 dB. (used) 16 200 20-25
high signal densities. However, it is hardly adjusting his station for maximum power
worth mentioning at uhf. Wasted power output.
seems to be of little consequence since an Considering a medium power system,
IMD ratio of 20 dB results in a 1% 500 W PEP input with final-amplifier
power loss. Most amateurs lose that efficiency of 40%, the output power

2 mixer using a 6939.

4 3 2 . ~ ~ssb

much power in the first few feet of should be in the neighborhood of 200 W
transmission line. Consequently, all de- PEP or +53 dBm. A 4CX250B is capable
signs presented here are based on achiev- of 16-dB gain, so i t s drive requirement is
ing less than 20-dB IMD at the output, +37 dBm (5W PEP). A good 2C39 linear
and assume that exciter IMD is 30 dB will drop the drive requirement to +22
down. dBm (158 mW PEP). At this point assume
IMD performance is given constant a mixer which will produce between 0.1
attention throughout this article. Meas- and 1 W PEP output.
ured values of IMD are presented for Fig. 1 shows the proposed system. A
various levels of operation. It should be power train of three stages will take
noted that all IMD tests were made with low-frequency ssb and put it on 432 MHz
the equipment optimized for maximum at the 500-watt level. At this point, it
power output, not minimum IMD. There- appears to be no more difficult to put
fore, the measured values are in line with 500 watts on 314 meters than it is on 20
what an amateur might expect when meters.
the mixer The Amperex 6939 seemed t o be a
good choice since it has already been
The search for a suitable mixer successfully used as a high-frequency
covered a great deal of territory. It must mixer.' However, i t seems that most of
be efficient, be stable, exhibit low IMD, the published designs are limited by their

EXCITATION

6 JVAC 223 VDC

C1 1.5-5PF (Johnson 160-102) C4 1.5-5.1p F (Johnson 160-205)

~2 2.7-10.8pF (Johnson 160-211) c5 2.3-14.2pF (Johnson 160-107)

fig. 2. 432-MHz mixer stage provides high efficiency. Stage requires approximately 100 m W
local-oscillator power. Inductor construction is shown in fig. 3.

be easily reproduced and, perhaps most

important, have low cost. Although I
considered parametric upconverters, and
did make one work in the laboratory, the
fig. 3. Coils for 6 9 3 9 mixer (fig. 2 ) and
parametric device could not be deemed a
linear-amplifier (fig. l o ) . *
reproducible unit for the amateur with-
out access to sophisticated test equip-
ment (the unit also required 15 watts of high local-oscillator power requirements.
pump power at 382 MHz). The second The circuit shown here (fig. 2) is some-
consideration was in the area of transistor what similar to those previously pub-
mixers. Those transistor stages which lished but may be driven with approxi-
were economical operated at low power mately 100 mW of local oscillator power-
levels (less than -10 dBm) and required an instead of the usual watt or two.
unreasonable number of linear gain stages Many of the problems encountered
to achieve respectable output power. with vacuum tubes are in the area of
Those stages which could handle higher coupling power into high-capacitance grid
power were cost prohibitive. Various structures. You can get an idea of the
diode mixer configurations were also efficiency of any matching network by
examined but their limitations fall in the measuring its reflection coefficient when
first transistor category. This narrowed
the mixer field t o our old friend the * F u l l - s ~ z et e m p l a t e s o f flg. 3, flg. 8 and flg. 1 8
vacuum tube. a r e available f r o m ham radio f o r 2 5 c

june 1 9 7 1 Q 9
 table 2. 6 9 3 9 mixer operating parameters (plate
dissipation. 6 watts).
@ -
+,? yqg++-:L,;'w?rlp
- A
. .--2, * * '
' . I

Static
*
plate voltage (Eb) 225 V d c
plate current (lb) 2 3 rnA

Driven w i t h local oscillator

plate voltage (Eb) 225 Vdc
plate current (lb) 28 m A it

screen voltage
screen current 6 mA
cathode voltage 9 Vdc
grid current 0 Vdc
- 3

adjusted for maximum output power. I t

i s a well known fact of network theory Construction of 6939 mixer stage.
that any lossless, reciprocal, passive, two-
port network will have i t s output reflec-
tion coefficient equal in magnitude t o its
input reflection coefficient. Since our use of half-wave lines.2 Quarter-wave
networks are certainly passive, reciprocal, circuits are usually ineffective since tube
and hopefully, not too lossy, this is a capacitance severely forshortens the line
good beginning for optimizing any grid and it is difficult to place a tuning
circuit. capacitor sufficiently close to the grid for
A n idea of grid-circuit loss may be proper operation.
obtained by shorting the grid to ground The half-wave grid lines used in this
(with B+ and bias off) and noting the mixer provide a vswr of 1.3:lor less after
input vswr; it should be greater than 10:1 one or two passes of the tuning wand.
if circuit losses are low. With the tube The rest of the circuit is quite conven-
operating normally the input vswr should tional. The tube is operated within the
be less than 2:l for a reasonable grid normal ratings specified by the manufac-
circuit. I n general, the problem of turer consistent with reliability and
coupling to a high capacitance grid struc- economy. Table 2 lists the operating
ture may be easily dealt with through the parameters of the 6939 mixer tube.

1 3.92 MN,
LOCAL
OSCILLAIDR
I W m W I tW.9 H Ti: I METER

X) O H M LO4D

mde
HIBRIO ATTENUATW CWPLER

I
p G
GEy'c."r"c.
mnl PEP

POWER COUPLER
METER

fig. 4. Setup for spurious output and interrnodulation distortion tests.

10 june 1971
 fig. 5. Spectrum analyzer display of 6 9 3 9 mixer and 2C39 ampllfler; horizontal. 1 0 0 M H z per
division. 6 9 3 9 mixer output. left. w i t h 1 0 0 mW local-oscillator power, 4 0 0 mW PEP drive and 2 4 0
mW PEP output o n 4 3 2 MHz. 2 C 3 9 output. right. with 1 0 watt PEP output on 4 3 2 MHz.

mixer performance the image would be 50 dB down. Con-

A few words concerning spurious sidering the power level and typical o f f -
mixer outputs are in order. The diagram resonance antenna efficiencies these
in fig. 4 describes the spurious and IMD numbers are adequate. With excitation
evaluation tests for 50 MHz excitation. below 28 MHz an interdigital filter such
Directly at the mixer output the local as the one described by W2CQH-' shocrld
oscillator is suppressed 15 dB and the be used between the mixer and the first
image is down 32 dB (see fig. 4). A t linear gain stage. With an intercligital filter
the output of the first gain stage local i n the system an excitation frequency as
oscillator feedthrough i s suppressed 45 low as 9 MHz will provide spurious
dB and the image is down more than 60 suppression superior to that obtainable
dB. with 28 MHz excitation without the
If 28 MHz excitation were chosen, at filter.
the output of the first gain stage the local The IMD performance of the 6939
oscillator would be suppressed 25 dB, and mixer at various power levels i s sum-

l i l ~ , l l~ ) $ ~ I l a i o r 100 il1i"J l h < ~ , l l5 0 5 ~ i l , , l ~ > j I U O ~ll'.'~ I,I< ' 1 ' !!\$ " ,I:,% 1 :' I ' ,'*

two-totie dl ~ v c 40 m\Y PLP two-tone dr lve 2 4 0 mLV I'ILP two-torr<.dr IVI' 4 0 0 rrlV4 i'f-t'
4 3 2 - M H z output 28 m W PEP 4 3 2 - M H z output 1 6 0 mW PEP 432-MHz out~lut 2 4 0 m W PEP
3rd-order I M D - 4 0 dB 3rd-order I M D -29 dB 3rd-otdcr I M D - 2 3 dB

fig. 6. 6 9 3 9 mixer intermodulation distortion at various power levels.

june 1 9 7 1 11
432-MHz drtve 28 m W P E P 4 3 2 - M H z drlve 1 6 0 rnW P E P 4 3 2 - M H z drlve 2 4 0 m W PEP
432-MHz output 1 W PEP 4 3 2 - M H z output 6 W PEP 4 3 2 - M H z output 10 W PEP
3rd-order l M D - 3 0 dB 3rd-order I M D -24 dB 3rd-order IMD - 2 0 dB

fig. 7. 2C39 amplifier intermodulation distortion tests. These tests were run simultaneously with the
6939 mixer test shown in fig. 6.

marized in fig. 6. The 6939 mixer, when shown in fig. 9. This chart shows various
operated according t o table 2, with 240 vacuum-tube combinations for power
mW PEP 50-MHz drive, is capable of 150 level from 5 W PEP t o 2 kW PEP.
mW PEP output; IMD under these condi- The 6939 linear amplifier stage in fig.
tions is 3 0 d B down. 10 is capable of 6 watts PEP input with
A chassis layout for the 6939 mixer is approximately 2.6 W PEP output. This
shown in fig. 8. I f you use all new represents a stage efficiency of 43%. This
components in the construction of the design uses essentially the same circuit as
mixer, total cost will be less than $20. the mixer except that the cathode is
The 6939 tube, the most expensive part, directly grounded, an external bias port is
lists at $12. provided for the grid, and the screen is
fed from a regulated source (to improve
linear amplifiers linearity). Mechanically, the 6939 mixer
Depending on the amount of power and amplifier layoutsdiffer only by three
you want to put on 432 MHz, the linear holes, so both chassis plates may be
amplifier can take any of the forms drilled simultaneously. Table 3 lists the
typical operating parameters of the 6939
amplifier.
6939 linear amplifier for 432 MHz.
the 2C39
1 compiled a good deal of information
about the operation of the 2C39 family.
Older tubes such as 2C39s and 2C39As.
and used tubes of newer varieties, offer
an interesting bonus: they may be oper-
ated as zero-bias triodes. New 2C39Bs.
3CX100A5s, etc., require some bias to
achieve reasonable plate currents. While
best linearity and maximum output
power occur when the tubes are idled at
approximately 60% of their rated dissipa-
tion (60 W), they may be idled as low as
15 watts with reduced power output.
Under zero-bias conditions this dissipa-
tion range typically corresponds to a
plate voltage range o f 3 5 0 t o 7 0 0 V d c
and o u t p u t powers f r o m 4 t o 3 0 watts
PEP. T h e gain o f the tube varies about 1
d B between these t w o voltage extremes
w i t h the higher gain at t h e higher oper-
ating voltage. Table 1 and fig. 11 detail
the typical properties o f the 2C39 family.
The d c operating parameters of the 2C39
stage used earlier ( i n the IMD and
spurious products evaluation) were,
E b = 4 0 0 Vdc, l b = 6 0 mA, plate dissipa-
t i o n = 2 4 watts. Spurious and I M D char-
acteristics o f this 2C39 amplifier are
fig. 8. Layout template for 6939 mixer (fig. 2)
summarized i n fig. 7.
and linear amplifier (fig. 10). F o r the mixer
Since the 2 0 3 9 amplifier I used t o circuit omit holes for C9 and CtO. F o r the
compile the 2C39 data uses a surplus linear amplifier omit the local-oscillator input.
cavity, n o actual homebrew amplifier is Hole sizes; A. 0.140"; 6. 0.250''; C. 0.375~'; D.
described i n this article. However, several 0.750".

fig. 9. 432-MHz power trains f o r various output

powers, i n apDroximately 3-68 steps from 5
4 SW PEP
watts t o 2 kW. The listed powers are input;
output power is approximately 40% of the
input power. A l l configurations except the last
(3CX1000A7) were verified by actual opera-
o o zsw PEP tional tests.

0 0 1ZSW PEP

0 0 5 0 0 W PEP

0 01 r 0 2 1 w PEP
table 3. 6939 linear amplifier operating para- The first consideration is that of driv-
meters. (Power dissipation approximately 6 ing the tube. To start with, avoid using a
watts.)
large grid compartment as this may lead
plate voltage (E~) 225 v d c to many problems. Much of the r f drive
may find i t s way into resistors, filament
plate current (lb) 28 r n ~
(statk) transformers and other dissipative struc-
32 mA (dynamic)

grid bias (Ecl) 3.5 Vdc

screen current (Ic,) 6 mA (static)

L
15 rnA (dynamk)

compact 2C39 designs appear in the

WGAJF vhf h a n d b o ~ k .These
~ circuits,
when used with half-wave cathode-drive
circuits, function as well as the surplus
cavity I used in my tests.
higher power
The 4X150A and 4CX250B pave the
way to higher power on 432 M H ~ Both. Surplus 2C39 cavity used i n the 432-MHz testr
tubes, when properly used, exhibit rela-
tively high power gains (see table 1).The
4X150A is capable of approximately 200
PEP input at 432 MHz while the 4CX250B tures within the compartment. Another
is capable of 500 W PEP input. problem which tends to plague large grid
In keeping with the philosophy of this compartments is that of multimoding.
article, good design practices will be When the size of the grid compartment
discussed first. This will allow you to happens to coincide with certain pre-
examine your present 432-MHz gear and ferred dimensions the entire compart-
make the necessary modifications. ment may act as a resonator. Usually the

6 3V

C1 1.5-5 p F (Johnson 160-102) C4 1.5-5.1 pF (Johnson 160-205)

C2 2.7-10.8 pF (Johnson 160-211) C5 2.3-14.2 p F (Johnson 160-107)

fig. 10. 6939 linear amplifier operates at 43% efficiency. Inductors f o r this stage as shown i n fig. 3;
layout is i n fig. 8. Operational data f o r this stage is listed i n table 3.

14 june 1971
 result is multiple tuning peaks and erratic calculated from the equation:
grid-network behavior. Incidently, multi-
moding is also a problem in plate tank 0 = Tan-'
X
2 (1)
compartments which are too large. It is a 20
good rule of thumb to keep two dimen-
sions of the box well below one-half wave where xc isthe capacitive reactance (25
at the operating frequency to eliminate ohms) and Zo i s the characteristic im-
pedance of the cavity. For the coaxial
arrangement used here Zo i s given by the
2w
equation:
-.
f
-200 Zo = 138 log- b (2)
L
a
C

B 130

-
Su where b is the inside diameter of the
outer conductor and a is the outside
r diameter of the inner conductor. K7UNL
a" provided design data for other types of
so
resonant lines in a recent article in ham
radio.
0
S m 4 U J 5 0 0 6 m 7 W B X ) Choosing an inner conductor diameter
PLATE WLTAGE (VOLTS)
of 314 inch and the outer conductor
diameter of 1-112 inch, Z0 is approxi-
fig. 11. Zero-bias operation of tubes in the
2C39 family. T o prevent excessive dissipation.
mately 41 ohms. Running this through
bias should be used if the tube operates to the eq- yields 31.40. pro-
right of the dashed line. vide the physical length of the line:

multimoding (at 432 MHz this corre-

sponds to approximately 13.5 inches).
where X = 69 cm. (Equivalent wavelength
grid circuit for 432 MHz is 69 cm.) Therefore 1 = 6
Eimac engineers, when designing the cm or 2.3 inches. Unfortunately, this is a
SK610 socket, were kind enough to bit short and as yet there is no way of
provide a means of fastening 1-518-inch tuning the grid circuit. This verifies pre-
tubing t o the grid side of the socket, vious comments about quarter-wave lines
thereby allowing you to make a grid being severely forshortened by high capa-
cavity. Since 1-112 inch copper plumbing citance grid structures.
pipe makes a snug fit to the base of the
Front-panel layout of the 432-MHz power
socket it's easy to make an efficient grid amplifier. Circuit is shown in fig. 12.
cavity.
You must now decide whether to use a
114- or 112-wave grid cavity. (Eimac
Application Bulletin no. 14 gives many
fine examples of 112-wave grid structures
which are efficient and simple to con-
struct.) I n the amplifier discussed here a
somewhat different approach to a 114-
wave structure is taken.
The input reactance of the 4X 150A.
4CX250B series of tubes is in the vicinity
of 25 ohms capacitive. The length of the
grid circuit in electrical degrees may be
 I 4XIWA

ECl RFC 1
- - - - - - - - -.
7

LI

- \CB RFCS RFC4 RFC2

r/

t1
0 0 /$I
6V I M C

SCREEN
b
loading capacitor. 0.4-8 PF C9 1-1/4" length 1/4" brass r o d
p l s t o n ( J M C 1 8 0 2 m a y be used) soldered t o BNC connector.
homemade capacitor used i n braced w i t h 1/4" T e f l o n r o d
amplifier i n p h o t o s (see fig. 1 3 )

alr disc capacitor. 1-3/4" diam- I-1 grid cavity (see fig. 1 3 )
eter, 1 / 8 " t h i c k brass disc
soldered t o 3112" length o f L2 copper plate line (see fig. I S )
3/4" diameter threaded bronze
pipe. Pipe is m o u n t e d t h r o u g h L3 copper o u t p u t strap (see flg. 1 5 )
threaded bronze flange (avail-
able at p l u m b i n g supply) (see RFCl 8 t u r n s no. 2 2 enameled wire
fig. 13) closewound o n 1/8" f o r m

1- diameter, 1/8" t h i c k brass RFC2.3,4,5 8 t u r n s no. 2 0 T e f l o n - ~ n s u l a t e d

disc capacitor (see fig. 1 5 ) solid wire closewound o n 3/8"
form

flg. 12. 432-MHz linear a m p l i f i e r stage using a 4X150A o r 4CX250B. Alternate o u t p u t coupling at
A. Screen bypass capacitor is p a r t o f t u b e socket.

AIR EXliAUSr SOCNC r HOUYrlNG HOLES

7 , h

CI. O O l p F F E E D T H R O w n

fig. 13. T u n e d grid c i r c u i t f o r t h e highpower 432-MHz linear amplifier.

16 june 1971
 table 4. 4CX250B linear operating parameters. T h e overall length o f t h e grid line is
For the 4 X l 5 0 A . maintain .-volt filament increased t o 5 inches t o account f o r t h e
voltage and adhere to manufacturer*^ reduced 1 Cm Spacing between the plates, the
ratings for uhf service.
thickness o f t h e plates (approximately
power Input 375 W 500 W 114 inch) and any non-computed second
voltage (Eb) 1500 Vdc 2000 Vdc order effects (see fig. 13). Remember, if
t h e line is slightly longer t h a n necessary it
screen voltage (E,~) 350 v d c 350 Vdc m a y easily b e shortened; however, if t h e
line is t o o short t o begin w i t h y o u w i l l
grid voltage (Ecl) -55 Vdc -55 Vdc
have t r o u b l e t r y i n g t o stretch it!
plate current (Ib) 100 mA 100 mA (static) Another interesting problem associ-
250 mA 250 mA (dynamic) ated w i t h these tubes is t h e matter of
forced-air cooling. I n linear service it is
screen current (lC2) 8 r n ~ 5 r n ~ advisable t o use m a x i m u m recommended
plate voltage t o o b t a i n m a x i m u m linear
A t this point, y o u w o u l d probably b e power o u t p u t . Under these conditions the
tempted t o install a variable capacitor tube runs hot, and cooling it requires large
across t h e high-voltage end o f t h e line t o amounts of air - provided b y a moder-
t u n e it. T h i s is undesirable as it w o u l d ately large f a n o r a smaller one operating
further shrink t h e already forshortened a t high speeds. Large fans are expensive
line. T h e solution t o t h e tuning problem
is a series variable capacitor between t h e
grid and t h e line. T w o parallel discs 2.5 F
c m (1-inch) diameter, spaced 112 c m
apart e x h i b i t approximately 9 p F capaci-
tance. Using t h e equation f o r series
capacitors

- +- 1 + . . . - 1 (4)
Ct C1 C2 Cn VENT WOLE
IN clnrr

T h e t o t a l capacitive reactance across t h e

line is approximately 6 0 ohms. W i t h 60 fig. 14. Air flow in the 432-MHz amplifier.
ohms as a basis, t h e recomputed line
length (using eq. 1 and 3 ) is 4 114 inches.
This is a reasonable length, and the grid and b u l k y w h i l e small high speed onesare
resonator is n o w tunable. noisy. However, i f y o u pressurize t h e
plate compartment, disregard t h e conven-
tional chimney and provide an exhaust
passage f r o m t h e anode radiator t o t h e
~igh-power4 3 2 . ~ ~
amplifier.
2 outside w o r l d (see fig. 14), t h e back
pressure o n t h e f a n is considerably re-
duced. Under these conditions, t h e t u b e
o p e r a t e s reasonably w i t h a 3-inch
3600-rpm squirrel-cage f a n a t a pressure
,. d r o p o f 1.30 inch. This provides an added
bonus i n t h a t the plate-tank components
c are air cooled; therefore t h e amplifier is
free o f resonance d r i f t associated w i t h t h e
thermal expansion o f t h e tank circuit.
T h e plate tank enclosure is made f r o m
118-inch 2024-T3 aluminum stock w i t h
112 x 112 x 118-inch aluminum angle a t
 ALTERNATE C M T W

DLlTE CHlMNEY 1/4' ALIGNMENT HOLE

- --
- -

I
L . i i ' . - J
I
L - ~ - - -. . w

R /
,- 7TU8E
2 1/4- 5 0 C I E 1 HOLE
CLAUP

fig. 15. Layout details of the high-power

432-MHz power amplifier (fig. 12). Construc-
tion of capacitor C7 is shown at right.

CAP4CITOR DISC

3n. r m m o mass
-
RPE. 3 - I/P'LONG
the corners. The plate tank circuit is a
conventional half-wave line. Output
coupling may be accomplished with equal
efficiency through inductive or capacitive
probes as shown in fig. 12. Operating
parameters are given in table 4.

filament voltage
Normally you reduce filament voltage
REDUCER. 9 4 ' THREAD TO M a

w
L_ - - -,

at uhf to compensate for back bombard- ,,-5w.r C0PL.R -[ZI

ment of the cathode. Fortunately, back
bombardment is minimized under the R-
condition of linear operation. The usual
criteria (i.e. minimum grid bias, high
I/# S W T
Ti-
screen voltage and low grid drive) which
minimize back bombardment are en-
Plate compartment of the 432-MHz power amplifier.

-mwc
L1 6 turns no. 18, spaced one
fig. 16. 127-MHz local oscillator uses Inter- diameter, on 3/8" form
national Crystal O E l crystal oscillator with L2 1 pH choke
two-stage amplifier. Value of R 1 is selected to L3 3 turns no. 1 6 enameled close-
give proper operating voltage for the O E l . wound o n 1/2" form
forced in linear service. A t t h e same time, mW required f o r t h e mixer. A varactor
i n linear ssb service, the d u t y cycle o f the tripler is used w i t h the contingency that
amplifier is significantly less than 100% many amateurs presently o n 432 proba-
thereby further reducing back heating. b l y have a varactor tripler which could be
Consequently, the filament voltage is tuned d o w n t o the local-oscillator fre-
maintained at t h e normal 6V. Should y o u
desire t o operate this amplifier class C,
y o u must remember t o reduce the fila-
ment voltage accordingly. However, there
is n o practical reason f o r using class C
since y o u already have the most effective
voice system available. I f y o u wish t o
operate cw t h e linear w i l l n o t deliver
sufficiently less power than its class C
counterpart t o make bias and drive-level
changes worth-while.

local oscillator chain

The solid-state local oscillator chain
described here uses an l nternational Cl,C2 2.7-19.6 p F (Johnson 160-1 10)
Crystal O E l overtone oscillator at C3.C4,C6 0.9-7.0 p F piston ( J F D V C l G )
127.333 M H z followed b y an amplifier C5 gimmick. No. 2 0 wire, twisted,
(fig. 16) and tripler (fig. 17) t o produce 1" long
L1 7 turns no. 18. spaced 1 wire
power at 3 8 2 MHz, which when hetro- diameter. 3/8" form
dyned w i t h a 50-MHz ssb exciter provides L2 2 turns no. 18, spaced 1 wire
432-MHz ssb. Other exciter frequencies diameter, 318" form
(anything f r o m 9 t o greater than 5 0 MHz) L3,L4 hairpin made from 2" length
of no. 18 wire. Hairpin 7/16"
may be used b y altering the local-oscil-
wide, 7/8" long
lator frequency. The circuit i n fig. 16 uses D1 Amperex H 4 A or equivalent
t w o Amperex transistors t o amplify the 1
mW O E l o u t p u t t o t h e 1 -watt level. fig. 17. Varactor tripler is used with 127-MHz
The oscillator amplifier was p u t t o - local oscillator (fig. 16) to provide injection at
gether o n a 4 x 6-inch piece o f double- 3 8 2 MHz. Layout for this circuit is shown in
sided copper-clad board and mounted fig. 18.

upside d o w n in a 2 x 4 x 6-inch alumi-

n u m chassis. The 1 W o u t p u t drives a
varactor tripler w h i c h provides the 100 quency, thereby saving a component. A n
equally adaptable vacuum-tube local-
oscillator chain appeared i n an article b y
K6JC.I

summary
N o w that w e have discussed t h e mixer,
linear amplifiers and local oscillator
chains as well as spurious and intermodu-
lation distortion w e have reached a point
where everything needs t o be p u t into
perspective. The eight power trains shown
i n fig. 9, when properly operated, give
I M D figures greater than 2 0 dB. I n each
fig. 18. Layout for the 127-MHz to 382-MHz
varactor tripler. Tripler is built o n 1/16" brass.
case, spurious outputs were checked w i t h
Hole sizes: A, 0.140"; B, 0.250"; C, 0.375"; 0, the aid o f a spectrum analyzer and found
0.200". t o be adequately supressed (typically

20 j u n e 1971
greater than 40 dB for local-oscillator and linear amplifiers at 432. There are also
image products). Power trains with two tubes which will operate satisfactorily at
linear stages offer even greater spurious reduced input at this frequency. How-
suppression. ever, keeping in mind the philosophy of
Assuming tubes of reasonable quality this article, I have endeavored to select
the eight power trains in fig. 9 have a gain
margin of 2 dB; that is, the amplifiers
could produce up to 2 dB less than the
maximum gain in table 1 and the circuits
would still function adequately. The gain
margin drops slightly more than 1 dB for
excitation below 30 MHz. This is due to
the insertion loss of the interdigital band-
pass filter. Unlike the case of class-C
amplifiers, if you fall short in gain by
more than the margin, the system would
still deliver a valid output but at a
reduced level. This is because there is no
drive threshold in linear amplifiers at
which output suddenly falls off. Construction of the varactor tripler.

the most economical tubes which are not

on the verge of losing steam at 432 MHz.
I would like to thank the Microwave
Instruments Division of AIL for per-
mitting the use of their newly developed
microwave spectrum analyzer as well as
other rf test equipment. I would also like
to thank R. Kandle, K2RIW, for his
comments and suggestions concerning the
text. Thanks are also extended to W.
Doesschate of Amperex Corporation and
Bill Orr of Eimac Division of Varian for
their valuable technical assistance
throughout the course of this project.
Varactor tripler provldes output at 382 MHz
with 1 27-MHZ drive.
references
1. James Brannin, K6JC. "SSB Converter for
432 MHz," ham radio, January, 1970, page 48.
2. Eirnac. "An Eirnac Family of 4CX600
Tetrodes," Application Bulletin no. 14, Eirnac
A power train using a 3CX1000A7
Division o f Varian, San Carlos, California.
triode in grounded-grid linear service is 3. Reed E. Fischer, W2COH. "Interdigital Band-
described by WGSAI. This amplifier pass Filters for Amateur VHFIUHF Applica-
should easily be able to run one to two tions," QST, March, 1968, page 32.
kilowatts PEP input. Although this parti- 4. William Orr, W6SAI. "Two-kW 432-MHz
Amplifier Using Eimac 3CX1000A7," Eirnac
cular configuration has not been verified Amateur Service Newsletter, AS25.
by actual tests, calculations indicate that 5. Frank Jones. W6AJF. "VHF For the Radio
the 4CX250B should be capable of Amateur," Cowan Publishing Corporation, New
driving the high-power amplifier with York. 1961.
6. Harry Ferguson, K7UNL. "Linear VHF Tank
ease. Circuits," ham radio, November, 1970, page 56.
Needless to say, there are more ex-
pensive tubes which will serve as excellent ham radio
22
solid-state
carrier-operated relay

june 1 9 7 1
and

Here are
two simp'e
but effective
circuits to enhance
fm 'peration
+
call monitor

'
n
m'
0
.z
C

c-

m-

-
a0*
2
After the initial fascination o f operating
i n t h e frn mode has w o r n off, the more
technically adventurous want t o add
gadgets and refinements t o their equip-
ment. Preamps are popular; others go the
route o f tone calling, etc. S t i l l others t r y
the carrier-operated relay (COR), using it
t o trigger a tape recorder o r activate a
m o n i t o r f o r their private channel.
A t this station I wanted t o t r y some
solid-state COR circuits and began experi-
menting w i t h mockups using bipolar
S t t a n s i s t o r s (fig. I ) . One o f the problems
2 encountered i n using conventional tran-
sistors w i t h a tube-type receiver was the
undesirable loading effect introduced
when the COR was attached t o an i-fgrid
o r t o the squelch d c amplifier. Operation
d (especially i n the squelch circuit) was
upset considerably. B y prefacing t h e relay
driver w i t h an fet (which has a very high
i n p u t impedance) it is possible t o attach
the u n i t t o the receiver w i t h o u t disturb-
ing results.
carrier-operated relay dc amplifier in the squelch circuit. This is
The COR shown i n fig. 2 has been necessary because the monitor should be
tried i n a number of Motorola Sensicon A biased positively i n the NO C A L L mode
and G model receivers and seems t o work t o prevent noise from inadvertently
triggering the 3N84. Typical voltage
change in the Sensicon G at the grid o f
the dc amplifier is f r o m about +3 volts
w i t h no signal t o -3 volts w i t h a 0.5 p V
signal. Operation of the fet stage i n the
monitor is similar t o that of the COR
circuit. Once the 3N84 is triggered, how-
ever, it will continue t o conduct and
operate the Sonalert until the anode
circuit is broken. A suitable low-current
bulb could be used in place o f the
Sonalert as an indicator is desired.
-iYm
fig. 1. Carrier-operated relay using bi-
polar transistors. This circuit tends to
load d o w n the i-f amplifiers and squelch
in tube-type receivers.

best when attached t o the grid of the last

i-f amplifier (455 kHz). Referring again to L
:
".. 1'
fig. 2, a negative voltage at point A of
approximately 3.5 volts or greater will
stop the fet from conducting and allow
the voltage at the base of the transistor t o
rise. When this occurs, the transistor w i l l KI KO m sm W M , s m n7mA RELAY

conduct and pull i n the relay. Typical fig. 2. COR circuit using high-impedance-input
fet ahead of the relay driver. Circuit works best
swing in the Sensicon G receiver at the
when inserted at the grid of the last i-f in
grid o f the last i-f amplifier is from -1 volt Motorola Sensicon A and G receivers.
w i t h no signal t o -4 volts w i t h a 1 p V
signal.
Although the ideas in these circuits are
call monitor certainly not new or original, i t is hoped
Illustrated i n fig. 3 is a call monitor they w i l l prompt some experimentation
that w i l l latch o n and give an indication and building along these lines. Thanks go
that a carrier has appeared on a channel. t o Reg (VE4RW) for assisting i n the
Experiments have indicated that the wiring and testing of the circuits.
monitor is best attached at the grid of the ham radio

fig. 3. Call monitor that in-

dicates when a carrier is on SONALERT %@8

frequency. Experiments in-

dicate that the monitor works
best when attached at the grid
I&-
of the dc amplifier i n the
sciuelch circuit.

june 1 9 7 1 Q 23
 one-man bridge and transistor amplifier (fig. 1) and
an rf signal source (fig. 2). The signal

h e n n a matcher source, constructed of readily available

modular units,' can be put together in
minutes.
Unlike the Monimatch, this instrument
isn't frequency sensitive. One hundred
A sensitive swr bridge mW will drive the meter to full-scale
deflection on 10 through 80 meters.
The bridge uses 112-watt composition
and milliwatt signal source resistors. Resistor Rs, which determines
impedance, must be close to the desired
are featured value for your equipment (e. g., 52 ohms
for most transmitters and transmission
in this compact instrument lines). Bridge-arm resistors R1 and R2
must be closely matched, although their
exact value isn't critical.
R3 and R4 should be close in value if
The adjustment of an antenna matching comparable input and output readings are
section (T-match, gamma, etc.) is usually to be obtained. Likewise, diodes CR1 and
a two- or three-man job - one at the CR2 ( 1N34A1s) should be closely
antenna, one at the transmitter, and matched.
possibly a third to relay information. Capacitors are disc ceramics. The
Because the matching adjustment involves 2N 107 transistor has med ium gain and
the transmitter, some means must be used works well with a 1.5-volt dry cell. A
to reduce its output while carefully pre- lower-gain device may require 3 volts to
venting overload of the final-amplifier give full-scale meter deflection. Polarities
tubes, particularly in many of today's rigs shown are for a pnp transistor; an npn
using TV sweep tubes. The radiation of can be used by reversing supply polarity.
considerable rf energy, necessary to give Switch S1 is a 2-pole, 3-position
meaningful indications on swr meters switch. A rotary type or a slide switch
such as the Monimatch and the wattmeter with center position off can be used.
types, causes interference on already
crowded bands.
bridge construction
The instrument described here elimin- The bridge, meter, and transis-
ates all these problems. It's completely tor amplifier are contained in a
self-contained, weighs about a pound, and 5-114 x 3 x 2-118 inch aluminum mini-
radiates only 0.1 watt maximum. One box. The shielded compartment may be
man at the antenna-matchingsection does made from heavy aluminum or flashing
the whole job; no assistants are needed, copper. The shield is in the form of a
and the station transmitter is not used.
'International Crystal Mfg. Co., 10 North
Lee, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73102. The O X
description oscillator is $2.95; the PAX-1 amplifier is
The instrument consists of a resistance $3.75. Both in kit form.
2-bracket, which is attached to the end terminals. Note that the SO239 output
wall of the minibox. The shield shown in connector and the insulated stud are
the photo was made from two pieces o f centered close (11/16 inch) t o the open
I-inch aluminum angle stock fastened side of the minibox.
together to form a Z. After assembly and wiring, and with
Shielding and parts assembly o f the the battery in place, it will be noted that
bridge are important. The only elements a small reading (a few microamps) will be
within the shield compartment are resis- indicated on the meter with the switch in
tors Rs and R2, which are mounted at either the FWD or REF position. This i s
right angles t o each other. A piece of the "no-signal" current of the transistor
RG-58/U cable is connected between the and is the "zero" indication o f a perfect
SO-39 chassis connector at the opposite match when the bridge is in use.
end of the box and an insulated stud
within the shielded compartment. The
center conductor is connected t o the stud ---

and the shield braid t o a ground lug next d

B
RF IN
t o the stud.
Connections to the remaining bridge
elements are made through clearance
holes in the rear wall of the shield. Short P
,,
0 OX
- + DC

PAX-I
+;
--
leads are required up to and including the
point at which R3 and R4 are connected.
The usual soldering precautions are sug-
gested, and the use of heat sinks (long
nose pliers, etc.) is recommended. The
layout of the other parts is not critical
111 111- ""
and follows a logical sequence. I f the box fig. 2. signal source and amplifier. Units are
size and layout shown are followed, be available in kit form; easily assembled.

sure the meter doesn't extend inside the

box by more than 718 inch exclusive of
signal source
INPUT
RS
ANTENNA
52 The OX Oscillator uses an EX Crystal
of the frequency at which the antenna
matching is to be accomplished. The
OX - PAX-1 combination can be made
to function over two adjacent ham bands
by changing crystals and repeaking the
coils. The OX - PAX-1 will put out up to
200 mW, which is more than enough to
drive the bridge. The units are assembled
in the same size rninibox as the bridge. A
much smaller box would accommodate
the signal-source units, which are only
1-112 inch square, but it was desired to
mount the battery, consisting of eight
penlight cells inside the box, requiring the
extra space.
Note that a double-pole switch is used
t o turn off both the 6- and 12-volt lines.
Disabling only the negative line will result
fig. 1.Schematic of the bridge circuit and .
in a battery drain in the OFF position
transistor amplifier. Matched pairs are recom-
menQed for RI, R 2 ; R 3 , R 4 ; and CR 1, C R 2 (between the 6- and 12-volt taps).
(see text). The rf generator may be connected to

june 1971 Q 25
the bridge by a double male adapter or by If this test is satisfactory, remove the
a length of RG-58/U cable if the rf unit is dummy load, and with the output open-
placed in your pocket. circuited, adjust the meter reading for 1
The connection between the bridge mA in the FWD position. With the switch
and the antenna matching section must in the REF position, a l - m A reading
be as short as possible. The matching should be obtained. Repeat this last test
section can terminate in a female con-
nector such as the SO-239, or a couple of
inches of RGBU and a PL-259 could be
used. If the SO-239 is used, the bridge
should be connected to it by a double
male adapter.

checkout
Before using the equipment for match-
ing or swr measurements, the bridge
should be tested. Solder a 52-ohm resistor
into a PL-259 connector as a dummy
load, and insert it in the output con-
nector of the bridge.
With the rf generator connected to the
input of the bridge, position the switch to

Signal-generator portion showing Inter-

national Crystal Co. kit modules. Power
supply consists of 8 penlight cells Bridge and meter portion of the antenna
matcher. Shielding and parts placement a n
important. Power is supplied by a 1.5-volt dry
Cell.

with the output shorted by a very short

wire, resetting the meter to 1 mA in the
FWD position. It should read 1 mA in the
REF position.
Slight resistor and diode variations
may make such correlations not quite as
exact as indicated, but such differences
should not exceed a few microamps.

calibration
I f accurate swr measurements are to be
made, the meter should be calibrated by
using resistors of two, three, and four
times the value of bridge resistor Rs.
FWD, and adjust the sensitivity control These resistors should be soldered into a
for a l-mA reading on the meter. Posi- PL-259 connector for such calibrations.
tioning the switch to REF should reduce
the meter reading to zero. If the meter acknowledgement
doesn't drop to zero, bridge arms R 1 and I want to express my sincere thanks to
R2 are not equal, Rs is not 52 ohms, or my SWL friend and potential ham Her-
coupling exists between the bridge wart Werker for the photos.
elements. ham radio
 the perfect mobile rigw...

Model 270 B $399"

SWAN FACTORY
305 Airport Road ELECTRONICS P.O. Box 2288
Oceanside, Ca. 92054 Ocean, N.J. 07712
Phone: (714) 757-7525 A Subsidiary of Cubic Corporation Phone: (201) 431-0707

Write for the complete 1971 Swan catalog. *Factory price

M o r e D e t a i l s ? CHECK-OFF Page 94 j ~ n e1971 27

 audio agc
PrinciPIeS I pass through the control element and are
amplified to a level sufficient to be

I
detected; the detector output is a dc
voltage which increases when the input
signal gets larger and decreases when the
practice
and input signal gets smaller. This dc control

I
voltage is fed back to the control element
which attenuates the signal in proportion
to dc control-voltage amplitude. The
Audio agC overall effect is that the output signal
amplitude remains relatively constant as
the input signal amplitude varies over a
has many uses in wide range, thus providing high gain for
0 weak signals and low gain for strong
amateur equipment - signals. Manual gain control should al-
'C ways follow the agc circuit to adjust its
relatively constant output to a level suit-
this article describes g
able for the following circuits.

how it works d applications

s One of the most useful places for
and presents i audio agc is between the microphone and
.->
transmitter. The agc circuit not only
a practical circuit 2 prevents overmodulation when speaking
3
loudly into the microphone, it also
%
m
A
minimizes decreases in modulation when
voice level drops or the microphone is
This article should provide you with
sufficient information to build a simple
audio agc circuit, understand its opera-
: moved away. Once the manual gain con-
trol is set, no further attention should be
required.
N' The current interest in direct-conver-
tion, and integrate it into your particular
application. sion receivers has brought another ap-
Agc stands for automatic gain control; a plication for audio agc to mind. Several
audio agc is a means of equalizing weak 3
- articles have been published describing
and strong signals and prevents overload m these simple receivers, but few, if any,
and distortion in the agc amplifier and include any form of agc. Since most, if
al
following stages when strong signals ap- not all, of the gain of these receivers is
pear at the input. Fig. 1 shows a widely
used agc circuit in block form. Signals
i
00
provided in the audio amplifier, this
would be the logical place for an agc
circuit. Audio agc would prevent distor- bring the signal up to the level required to
tion and ear fatigue caused by strong forward bias a diode. The agc. circuit
signals. requires no low-pass filter for the signal
Other uses include telephone ampli- but needs a detector and control element.
fiers and tape recorders. Audio agc is also The advantages of a clean signal with
a deterrent to audio howl or feedback almost constant amplitude should be
common in public-address systems; the weighed against the slight increase in
howl appears as a signal to the agc circuit complexity of an audio agc circuit.
which then reduces gain to control it.
agc characteristics
agc vs clippers There are practical limits to the per-
Speech clippers are not uncommon in formance of any circuit, and conflicting
transmitters and usually include two requirements often dictate compromises

INPUT
CONTKX AOC
0
ECEMENT

t
AMPLIFIER

I
fig. 1. Block diagram of
a basic agc circuit.
-
l,
z EJ
I
J
A
fzrn
MANUAL GAIN

diodes which clip the positive and nega- in design goals. The following paragraphs
tive excursions of the audio signal when describe the important characteristics and
i t s amplitude reaches a certain level. Such limitations of audio agc.
clipping circuits can prevent over-modula- At extremely low input signal levels,
tion, but they have two shortcomings the agc amplifier does not have sufficient
compared to audio agc. When a speech gain to cause the detector diode to
clipper is limiting the audio signal, it is conduct; therefore the dc control voltage
also distorting it and producing harmonic is zero, and the control element does not
frequency components not present in the attenuate the signal. As the input signal is
original speech signal; this distortion de- increased the agc amplifier output voltage
creases intelligibility. Filters following the increases linearly until the detector diode
clipper do not remove harmonics of the begins to conduct and produce a dc
lower speech frequencies which fall control voltage; this point is called the
within the passband of the filter. In agc threshold because it is the point at
addition to distortion, the clipper circuit which agc action begins.
provides no increase in gain if the audio Input signals below the agc threshold
signal falls to an unusually low level; this are amplified linearly, and input signals
does not improve intelligibility either. above the threshold are amplified or
Audio agc circuits do not have to attenuated as needed to hold the output
introduce distortion to perform their voltage constant. The agc amplifier gain
function. They can be designed to hold can be increased until the threshold is so
output constant within a few dB while low that agc action occurs with circuit
the input varies over a range of 60 dB or noise. This assures agc action on the
more. lowest usable signal, but the signal-to-
You may think that clipping circuits noise ratio of larger signals will be seri-
have the advantage of simplicity but this ously degraded.
argument is rather thin. Both techniques If amplifier gain is increased without
require an amplifier with enough gain to discretion the dynamic range of the

june 1971 29
control element may b e exceeded w i t h circuit w h i c h I consider t o b e easily
o n l y moderately strong signals, causing reproducible.
overload and distortion. A m p l i f i e r gain Bipolar and field-effect transistors
must b e selected so t h a t t h e threshold is have wide variations o f parameters i n
at the o p t i m u m p o i n t w i t h respect t o
expected i n p u t signal levels and accept-
able signal-to-noise ratio.
RZ
A t t a c k t i m e is t h e t i m e required t o DC M N T R O L
reduce t h e gain w h e n a strong signal VOLTffiE

suddenly appears at the input. It is

important t h a t attack t i m e b e relatively
fast so t h a t gain can b e reduced before
distortion occurs. This parameter is
highly dependent o n t h e charging t i m e o f
the f i l t e r capacitor i n t h e detector circuit.
Release t i m e is t h e t i m e required t o
increase gain w h e n a strong signal is
suddenly removed f r o m t h e input. This
t i m e is relatively long, o n t h e order o f
one second, so t h a t gain does n o t f l u c t u -
ate between words and syllables. Release
t i m e is controlled primarily b y t h e dis-
charge t i m e o f t h e detector's filter
capacitor.
Distortion is an important parameter
i n any audio system. A well designed
audio agc circuit should n o t show any
significant distortion o f o u t p u t waveform
w h e n viewed w i t h an oscilloscope.

practical circuit
There are many configurations and
variations used t o accomplish audio agc.
Discussion o f all these techniques is
beyond the scope o f this article, so
attention w i l l b e focused o n one t y p e o f d
fig. 3. Voltage-controlled attenu-
a t o r r A shows a one-section at-
tenuator; two- and three-section
attenuators are shown in B and C.

devices o f t h e same type. However, t h e

forward-bias characteristics o f silicon
diodes are relatively uniform. Therefore,
diodes are desirable f o r use as control
elements if circuit reproducibility w i t h -
o u t selected devices is important.
Fig. 2 shows the forward voltage vs
current f o r a IN914 silicon diode. A t
VOLTS forward bias levels less t h a n 0.3 v o l t the
fig. 2. Forward characteristic of a 1N914. diode is essentially o f f and has a very high

30 Q june 1971
resistance. As forward bias voltage is A schematic of a single-section volt-
increased, current begins to increase more age-controlled attenuator using two
and more rapidly, and the diode exhibits IN914 diodes i s shown in fig. 3A. R 1 acts
less and less resistance. Thus, the diode as the series element of an L attenuator;
CR1 and CR2 form the shunt element.
C1 prevents control current from flowing
in the input circuit; C2 bypasses the
current limiting resistor, R2, out of the
signal circuit. No dc control current
should be allowed to flow in the output
circuit.
Figs. 3B and 3C show two- and three-
section attenuators, all sections being the
same. Data taken on these attenuators is
plotted in fig. 4. The input signal from a
1-kHz 600-ohm generator was held con-
stant at 100 millivolts rms, and output
signal voltage was plotted vs dc control
voltage (from a power supply). Output
waveform was monitored on an oscillo-
scope, and no significant distortion was
detected.
The single-section attenuator appears
to approach a limit of about 40 dB
attenuation, indicating a minimum shunt
resistance on the order of 50 ohms. More
than 60 dB of attenuation is available
from either the two-or three-section cir-
cuit. The two-section attenuator was
C0NTI;K)L WLTAGE (VDC) judged to offer the best compromise
fig. 4. Response of one-, two- and between performance and number of
t hrecsection voltage-controlled
components. Accurate readings below
diode attenuators
100 microvolts were difficult because of
noise.
I f the two-section attenuator is fol-
can function as a voltage- (or current-) lowed by an amplifier having a voltage
controlled resistor. gain of 1000 (60 dB) the overall gain of
I f the amplitude of the ac signal across the composite circuit could vary from less
this voltage-controlled resistor is kept than one up to 1000, depending on the
small, resistance changes due t o signal amplitude of the dc control voltage. Fig.
amplitude will be small, resulting in low 5 is a schematic diagram of a complete
distortion. The resistance shown by the audio agc circuit. 01, Q2 and Q3 make
diode to a low-level ac signal is called the up the amplifier portion; CR5 is the
dynamic resistance and is the reciprocal detector. Q4 is a dc amplifier and C9 is
of the slope of the curve at any point. the agc filter capacitor. The ratio of R9
The slope of the diode's curve at 0.45 to R 7 determines the closed-loop voltage
volt bias is approximately 1.1 milli- gain of the amplifier, which is 1000. I f
ampere-per-volt, and the dynamic resist- R7 i s shorted the open-loop gain is about
ance i s about 910 ohms; at a forward bias 56,000 (95 dB).
of 0.55 volt, the slope and dynamic Amplifier bandwidth extends from
resistance are about 11 milliamperes-per- 150 Hz, determined by C4, to 15 kHz,
volt and 91 ohms, respectively. determined by C6. Other bandwidths can

june 1971 31
b e obtained b y changing t h e values o f y V of input voltage.
these capacitors; the usual 300 t o 3000 A t t a c k t i m e is i n the neighborhood o f
Hz communications bandwidth is o b - 40 milliseconds; release t i m e is o n the
tained b y using .O1 y F f o r C4 and .05y F order o f one second. Release t i m e can be
for C6. R5, R 10 and R11 provide d c bias increased b y raising the value o f C9 and
stabilization, and C5 prevents signal feed- attack t i m e can b e decreased b y reducing
back via this path. Power supply d r a i n is R12, b u t there w i l l b e some interaction i n
about 7 milliamperes. T h e transistor these adjustments. Some experimentation
types in parenthesis are epoxy devices
w h i c h should perform as well as t h e
hermeticall y-sealed types.

fig. 5. Schematic diagram of a practical audio agc circuit. Complete performance characteristics are
shown i n table 1. Input/output characteristic is plotted in fig. 6.

T h e i n p u t impedance of t h e amplifier, should disclose the o p t i m u m values f o r

looking f r o m C4, is about 56,000ohms; these components. I have observed that
this resistance and t h e t w o series resistors w h e n attack t i m e is decreased below a
i n the voltage-controlled attenuator f o r m certain p o i n t t h e circuit oscillates at
a voltage divider w h i c h reduces the maxi- about 1 Hz. This behavior has n o t been
m u m voltage gain o f t h e circuit t o about investigated t o m y satisfaction, b u t it is
860. corrected b y increasing R 12,o r b y raising
Test data o n the circuit o f fig. 5 is the amplifier's lower cutoff frequency
listed i n table 1. T h e ratio o f m a x i m u m (decreasing C4).
t o m i n i m u m gain is 1430,and t h e maxi-
m u m amount o f harmonic distortion was
using the agc circuit
measured at less t h a n 2.5%. Data is Successful incorporation o f this circuit
o m i t t e d where t h e signal was t o o small t o i n t o an audio system depends heavily o n
b e measured w i t h reasonable accuracy. proper interfacing at t h e i n p u t and. o u t -
I n p u t voltage vs o u t p u t voltage is plotted put. I f t h e agc circuit is inserted between
in fig. 6. This graph shows that agc the microphone and transmitter an at-
threshold occurs at approximately 300 tenuator should b e placed between the

32 june 1971
 agc output and the transmitter's mike a microphone output of 30 pV. Assuming
input. The maximum agc output, nomin- the preamp had the same equivalent input
ally 0.5 volt, should be reduced to the noise as the agc circuit the noise output
order of one millivolt to provide normal from the agc circuit would be about 10
input level to the transmitter. times higher or 22 mV. This would s t i l l
Circuits connected to the agc output provide a minimum signal-to-noise ratio
should n o t appreciably load the of more than 20 dB in the agc range.
1000-ohm output impedance, or the gain If the audio agc circuit is used with a
will be lowered. Assuming typical micro- simple receiver the receiver's audio should
phone output varies from 30 pV to 10 be amplified or attenuated to a level
mV as sound level changes then a large consistent with good agc action and

fig. 6. Input vs out-

put of agc circuit
shown in fig. 5.

INPUT (RMSI

portion of the lower level sounds would acceptable signal-to-noise ratio before
not be within agc range. If more complete feeding into the agc circuit. The receiver
sound leveling is desired, a 20-dB pre- volume control should be connected
amplifier could be connected between the between the agc output and the receiver's
microphone and the agc circuit's input. output amplifier.
This would have the effect of decreasing A useful item to include in the agc
the input voltages in fig. 6 by a factor of circuit is a meter to monitor dc control
10, and the new threshold would occur at voltage; this would provide a visual indi-
cation that signals are within the agc
range. Such a meter circuit should not
table 1. Performance of the agc circuit of fig. 5. load the detector dc amplifier. It has been
input output voltage
harmonic dc control found satisfactory to use a 50-pA meter
voltage voltage gain distortion voltage in series with a 100,000 ohm resistor as a
(rms) (rms) (%I (volts) 5-volt full-scale meter connected between
8.6 mV - -
lOpV the collector of Q4 and ground.
32 p V 27.4 mV - -
lOOpV 85 m v - - conclusion
3 2 0 p 270 mV - 0.04
1 mV 360 m v 0.9 0.65 This article is not intended to be an
3.2 mV 380 mV 0.9 0.81 exhaustive study of audio agc theory and
10 m v 400 m v 40 0.9 0.98 technique, but it is hoped that it will
32 mV 430 m V 13.4 1.2
100 m~ 460 m~ 4.6 1.2
assist those readers who wish to ex-
1.51
320 m v 520 m v 1.6 1.3 ,., periment in this area.
1 v 590 m v 0.6 2.4 2.95 ham radio
 fixing a sticky
AR-22 rotator
Many amateurs use the CDE AR-22
rotator with great success, especially
where there is little cold weather or icing.
However, in areas subject to ice storms,
operators may experience trouble with a
sluggish rotator, or one that only goes
part of the way around. When the AR-22
is strained by heavy loading, the rather
husky motor tends to bend over the teeth
in the drive gears.
The three drive gears, part number
TRA-39, consist of three thin iron gears
sandwiched together on one spindle.
0 They drive the TRA-18 ring gear which
are caused by
the same problem -
P=
a
goes around the perimeter of the rotator.
If one of the gears in the sandwich
happens to be a little larger, it will take
i all the strain and can wear to the point
easily fixed 2 where the other two will wear unevenly.
>L: When all three gears are sufficiently worn,
a they start t o bind. This usually starts at
with three rivets 9 one particular point in rotation, but
3
2
C
eventually spreads t o the entire 360' and
V) may cause the aluminum ring gear t o snap
in two.
The cure for this malady is rather
simple: rivet the three stamped gears
together. This way one gear won't take all
the loading, and the three gears will wear
evenly. Remove the TRA-18 ring gear and
TRA-39 drive gears (use your instruction
book for guidance). If your rotator has
been binding, order a new TRA-39 drive
gear from CDE.* Even a slight bend in
these gears will lead to eventual trouble.
'Send all parts orders to Cornell-Dubilier Elec-
tronics, Rotor Parts Department, Desplaines,
Illinois 60018, not to their factory in Fuquay
Springs, North Carolina.

34 june 1971
Also inspect the TRA-18 ring gear for Remember when reassembling that the
damage. Wash it off in solvent and look ring gear should be placed in position last.
carefully for hairline cracks. This is also Make sure that the line stamped on the
an opportunity to look over the rest of cam gear is parallel with the edge of the
the parts in the rotator; if any are broken motor-mounting plate as shown in fig. 1.
or badly worn, replace them. I n this position the pulsing-witch points
Since each of the gears in the TRA-39 should open; rotate the gears until this
assembly was stamped out, each has a
slight burr on one side. Do not try to file
them flat. When mounting them on the RING GEAR SHOWN WlTH
STOP IN COUNTER -CLOCKWISE
spindle be sure to place them with the
burrs toward the bottom; otherwise the
gear stack will be too thick.
To drill the rivet holes in the TRA-39
gear, mount the ring gear on a piece of
wood with screws as shown in the photo.
Mesh the TRA-39 with the ring gear and
hold it in place with a section of damaged
ring gear. The beveled heads of the wood
screws will force the gears together and PULSING SWITCH
hold them firmly in place. Drill three
equally-spaced holes in the TRA-39 drive
gear. I f you have a drill press, use it; it
will insure that the holes are perpendic- MOUNTING PLATE WlTH
ular to the face of the gears. Use soft-iron MARK ON CAM.
rivets to hold the gears together; rivets fig. 1. When putting your AR-22 back
together. the line on the cam should line
318-inch long are just about right. The
up with the edge of the motor-mounting
rivets should be snug in the drill holes for plate as shown here. The ring gear should
maximum strength. be against the stop arm in the counter-
clockwise position.

T o drill the rivet holes, the TRA-39

drive gear is held down with a happens. The stop arm should be pushed
TRA-18 ring gear and sawed-off sec- to the left (counterclockwise) as far as it
tion from a damaged ring gear. The will go. In this position the stop lug on
small crosses mark the rivet-holes the ring gear should be up against the
locationr
stop arm.
Be sure that all the ball bearings are in
place in the retainer spring clips. Thor-
oughly grease the gears with a good
silicone grease such as Dow-Corning 44 or
Lubriplate, a white lubricant available in
many hardware stores; an 8-ounce tube is
sufficient. Also, when replacing the top
cover of the rotator, make sure the lugs in
the ring gear rest in the recessed sockets
provided inside. When the rotator is
assembled in this manner it i s in the
North position, against the stops from a
counter-clockwise direction through East.
The control box should be oriented to
coincide with this setting.
ham radio

june 1971 35
 the electronic
hand keyer keyer is superior to the fully automatic
twin-lever keyer. Unfortunately, a study
of the character 4 quickly puts the
electronic hand keyer back into i t s place.
An ordinary hand key The key must be released quickly to
make a dot, or else a dash will result; so
to make a 4 requires the character to be
or bug sent just as it would be with a hand key.
The electronic hand keyer essentially
can be used takes the 4, as sent by the hand key, and
corrects the spacing and dot-todash ratio.
with this circuit A character sent by a bug is corrected in
the same manner. All characters can be
sent normally by a hand key or bug to be
to form corrected, or reshaped, by the electronic
hand keyer.
perfectly shaped basic keyer
The circuit is essentially that of a
code characters simple electronic keyer with one connec-
tion changed. Only the basic function of
the electronic hand keyer is discussed in
Today's electronic keyers are controlled this article. Detailed circuits with com-
by some type of paddle with two sets of ponent values are not given. The elec-
contacts- one for dots, the other for tronic hand keyer is presented in this
dashes. The "electronic hand keyer" is manner because of subparagraph 807 of
controlled by only one set of contacts. A Murphy's Law.* You are encouraged to
standard hand key or a semiautomatic study and understand the function of the
key (bug) will work perfectly. Dots or
dashes can be made, and the spacing and
ratio will be perfect. Suddenly your fist
-
.-at-
circuit, then design and construct your
own from available components.
A simple keyer is shown in fig. 1. The
will sound like a million dollars!
t
I
clock can be a free-running multivibrator,
a unijunction relaxation oscillator, or
operation almost any adjustable source of low-
The electronic hand keyer will gener- frequency periodic signal. FF 1, FF2 can
ate a dot or dashes depending upon how be any triggered flip-flop connected as a
long the key is held closed. I f the key is divider so that it will change state each
released before the correct dot interval is time the negative (trailing) edge of the
over, a perfect dot results. If the key is trigger signal is received. The Clear ter-
held down longer, a dash will be made. If minals (CI,C2) hold the Q terminal low as
the key is held down Rill longer, addi- long as the Clear signal is high. A relay
tional dashes or an additional dot can be output is shown, but a keying transistor
made. could easily be used instead.
For example, to make a 9 requires The clock runs continuously, and both
only one press of the key. The key is flip-flops are normally biased off (clear).
pressed until four dashes are made and
"Subparagraph 807 of Murphy's Law states
then released during the first one-third of that "The reader's junk box will never contain
the fifth dash, thus making it a dot. For the components required by the magazine
characters similar to 9 the electronic hand article."
 SPEED
CONTRDL
01 - 02

UDCK n FFI 12 F F 2
fig. 1. Basic keyer
circuit. The c l o c k i s 01 02

a free-running oscil- c c2

lator. A f t e r the d o t
o r dash lever is held U
closed, a negative ,A+ L M R :: <"%
LEVER
edge f r o m t h e clock
t r i g g e r s t h e flip- -
flops thus f o r m i n g a
character.

A character is started o n l y after the d o t

o r dash lever is held closed until a
negative edge comes f r o m the clock. Fig.
2 shows the signals that occur when t h e
dash lever is closed and held closed
beginning during some t i m e interval, A. A
diode pulls C1 low when C2 is forced
low. The diodes connected t o 0 1 and 0 2 fig. 2. T i m i n g diagram o f dashes made w i t h the
serve as an OR gate t o pull i n the relay circuit of fig. 1.
when either 0 1 o r 0 2 is high, thus
making a dash.

self-completion TIME
INTERVAL , A , 8 . C . 0 . E . F . G . H . I . J . u . L . M . N .0.
The circuit o f fig. 1 does n o t self-
complete because the flip-flops are forced cLmn

clear immediately when a lever is re- 01

leased, allowing the Clear terminals t o go
high. The character in progress w i l l then 02 -jmm%a
be chopped off immediately if t h e lever is 01 OR 0 2 Au-L
-
released. fig. 4.Timing diagram f o r circuit o f fig. 3.
Fig. 3 shows this same keyer w i t h t w o Shaded areas show w h e n flip-flop-Clear ter-
diodes added t o make the keyer self minal is held l o w b y its associated Q terminal.

SPEED
CDNTrnL
a! - 02

CLOCK n FFI ~2 f f 2

01 62

CI CZ

fig. 3. K e y e r circuit
o f fig. 1 w i t h t w o
d i o d e s added t o
P> LM R ;
;

f
LEVER

m a k e t h e keyer
self-completing.
 SPEED
-
CONTROL
Q l -1

CLOCK TI F F I '--V FF2

CI c2

dl- -,
fig. 5. Circuit of the
electronic
keyer.
hand
t 7
t
completing. The Clear terminal i s now started and the lever released, the self-
pulled low by the diode if the terminal completion is lost when Q1 first goes low,
is low. The shaded areas of fig. 4 show and the dash is terminated when it i s only
the times when the C5ar terminal is held one-third complete. I f the dash lever is
low by its associated Q terminal. When a held for over one-third of the dash
dash is started the dash lever can be interval, 6 2 takes hold, and the full dash
released, and 5 2 holds the dash Clear will be made.
terminal low for two-thirds of the dash;
then 61 holds the dot Clear terminal low summary
for the remainder of the dash. Fig. 7 shows the shaping capability of
Notice that 0 1 must go high before the electronic hand keyer. Poor code is
Q2 goes low or the self completion will reshaped perfectly if it is sent at or near
be lost, and the dash will be terminated the same speed as that t o which the
when it is only two-thirds complete. circuit is adjusted. To send a dot or a
Fortunately, since FF2 is triggered by dash, it is necessary only t o hold the key
F F I , this condition is always met. down until the character starts, then
release it at the proper time.
the electronic hand keyer
I f FF2 is triggered from 0 1 rather
than 61, as shown if fig. 5, the timing
diagram of fig. 6 results. The shaded areas HAND SENT n n I L
again indicate intervals where the Clear
terminal is held low by the associated
HAND SENT 1
RESHAPED
terminal of the flip-flop. Notice that 67 E H K
during intervals C, D and K, L Q1 goes fig. 7. The shaping capability on the letter
low before Q2 goes high. I f a dash is "V" by the electronic hand keyer.

CLOCK The electronic hand keyer will also

make an interesting and educational
project for the beginning digital and
solid-state experimenter. The foward-
looking amateur might want t o add a
switch at the T2 terminal to change the
fig. 6. Timing diagram showing
electronic hand keyer back t o a regular
self-completion of dots and
dashes of the electronic hand
keyer once he has progressed that far.
keyer. ham radio

38 june 1971
I N T E R N ~ ~ I O N AEX
L CRYSTAL & EX KITS
OSCILLATOR RF MIXER RF AMPLIFIER POWER AMPLIFIER

1. MXX-1 TRANSISTOR RF MIXER

A single tuned circuit intended for signal
conversion in the 3 to 170 MHz range.
Harmonics of the OX oscillator are used for
injection in the 60 to 170 MHz range.
Lo Kit 3 to 20 MHz. Hi Kit 20 to 170 MHz
(Specify when ordering) ....................... $3.50
2. SAX-1 TRANSISTOR RF AMP
A small signal amplifier to drive MXX-1
mixer. Slngle tuned input and link output.
Lo Kit 3 to 20 MHz. Hi Kit 20 to 170 MHz
(Specify when ordering) ........................ $3.50
3. PAX-1 TRANSISTOR RF
POWER .AMP
A single tuned output amplifier designed to
follow the OX oscillator. Outputs up to
200 mw, depending on the frequency and
voltage. Amplifier can be amplitude
modulated. Frequency 3.000
to 30.000 KHz.. ........................................ $3.75
4. BAX-1 BROADBAND AMP
General purpose unit which may be used
as a tuned or untuned amplifier in RF and
audlo applications 20 Hz to 150 MHz.
Provides 6 to 30 db gain. Ideal for SWL,
Experimenter or Amateur ....................... $3.75
5. OX OSCILLATOR
Crystal controlled transistor type. Lo Kit
3.000 to 19.999 KHz. Hi Kit 20,000 to 60,000
KHz. (Specify when ordering) ............... $2.95
6. TYPE EX CRYSTAL
Available from 3,000 l o 60,000 KHz.
Supplied only in HC 6 l U holder. Calibration
is :.02% when operated in International
OX circuit or its equivalent.
(Specify frequency) ................................ $3.95

forrhe
commerclal user 1
INTERNATIONAL
PRECISION RADIO CRYSTALS

International Crvstals are available from 70 KHz

I
' ?,
'
U*
II I
' 1 1
WRITE FOR CATALOG. I
I
to 160 MHz In a' w ~ d evarlety of holders.
Crystals for use In mlt~taryequ~pmentcan be
suppl~edto meet spec~flcationsMIL-C-3098E.
II 1; INTERNATIONAL
(GP) for "General Purpose" applications
CRYSTAL (CS) for "Commercial Standard"
lYPES: (HA) for H I Q ~Accuracy" close temperature CRYSTAL MFG. CO.. INC.
tolerance requirements.
1 I ;7NO L ~ E on!n c ~ r rocL6 73-02
I
More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 94 june 1971 39
 absolute value is d i f f i c u l t t o attain.
Hence, internal circuitry uses balanced
configurations that require equal-value
resistors b u t are n o t critical as t o absolute
value. A l l of this boils d o w n t o t h e fact
that t h e most c o m m o n integrated circuit
is t h e balanced d c amplifier.

basic differntial amplifier

The differential amplifier is the main-
circuits and stay o f integrated circuits. It is basically
an emitter-coupled configuration (fig. 1);

techniques as a d c amplifier it has fine stability and

good rejection o f undesired signal com-
ponents. Since it is a direct-coupled am-
plifier n o interstage coupling capacitors
are needed.
integrated circuits Ideal differential operation requires
t h a t t h e t w o collector resistances b e the
T h e foreboding o p i n i o n t h a t integrated same and the characteristics of t h e t w o
circuits w i l l stop amateur experimenta- transistors b e identical. In terms o f dis-
t i o n and stymie ingenuity is unfounded. crete component circuits this is a disad-
I n fact, so m u c h reliability and versatility vantage because perfectly matched tran-
have been b u i l t i n t o these devices t h a t sistors and resistors are necessary. H o w -
there appear t o b e an i n f i n i t e number o f ever, i n ic production these conditions are
external circuits and systems y e t t o be met q u i t e readily and a t l o w cost. I n basic
tried. Each amateur can look forward t o a operation t h e differential amplifier em-
lifetime o f f u n and experimentation w i t h phasizes t h e signal difference that exists
solid-state devices and systems; t h e inte- between base inputs, developing equal-
grated circuit is just an extension o f t h e amplitude and out-of-phase collector
solid-state science of packing active signals.
devices i n t o ever smaller spaces. Diodes, It is stated t h a t a differential-mode
transistors and resistors are t h e primary i n p u t signal is applied. I n practice t h i s is
components used i n integrated circuits done b y applying the desired ac signal t o
although a limited number may include just one of t h e base inputs. Since no
an occasional capacitor o r coil. signal is applied t o t h e opposite base t h e
Since capacitors take u p considerable difference voltage between t h e t w o equals
space it is customary t o use circuits t h a t t h e magnitude o f t h e signal applied t o t h e
d o n o t require capacitance. Also, it is one base.
d i f f i c u l t t o 8esign a precise value resistor When t w o equal-amplitude similar-
i n t o an integrated circuit. O n t h e other polarity signals are applied t o the base
hand, there is n o great problem i n in- inputs t h e ac signals across t h e c o m m o n
cluding t w o o r more resistors o f exactly emitter resistor are subtractive. When i n
the same value even though a certain perfect balance t h e differential amplifier

40 june 1971
performs i n bridge-like manner - there is comparison between ics and discrete cir-
n o o u t p u t observed f r o m collector t o cuits it should be noted t h a t an integrated
collector and very reduced o u t p u t f r o m circuit has fewer passive components
each collector and common. Such an (resistors, capacitors and coils) and more
applied signal is referred t o as a common- a c t i v e components (transistors and
mode input signal. This is usually the diodes) t h a n a comparable amplifier built
f o r m o f undesired signals such as h u m o f discrete active and passive com-
and interference. ponents.
I n the difference-mode operation a
signal applied t o base 1 appears a t the
stability
In a perfectly balanced differential
amplifier there is stable amplification
w i t h changes i n d c operation conditions
and temperatures. A change in leakage
current and/or gain in one side o f the
differential circuit is balanced o u t b y a
like change in the second side. Such
balance, and the ability t o compensate
f o r any imbalance, sets the operating
limits o f t h e differential amplifier.
Reduction o f common-mode signals
depends u p o n the degenerative effects of
the c o m m o n e m i t t e r resistor. O f course,
t h e higher t h e ohmic value o f this resist-
ance, the greater the rejection. Such
fig. 1. Basic differential amglifier.
increase is limited b y supply voltage
requirements and t h e greater difficulty of
including high-value integrated resistors.
The answer t o this problem is t o
include a constant-current emitter source
collector o u t p u t o f transistor 1 and also composed o f an additional active com-
across t h e common emitter resistor. T h e ponent, rather than a high value resist-
latter signal component serves as the ance. The fundamental arrangement is
i n p u t signal f o r transistor 2. A s a result
the o u t p u t a t collector 2 is opposite f r o m
t h a t at collector 1. T h e differential ampli-
fier acts as a phase splitter, developing Performance of the Motorola
t w o equal-amplitude b u t opposite-polar- MC1590 integrated circuit.
ity signal components at t h e output.
T h e differential amplifier has a high
order o f d c stability, reducing t h e influ-
ence o f supply voltage changes, tempera-
ture, etc. It is even practical t o construct
a multistage affair using t h e difference
concept. A differential amplifier o r a
group o f them connected in cascade
arrangements are t h e most common
circuit configurations b u i l t i n t o inte-
grated circuits.
I n t h e differential amplifier, n o t o n l y
are the interstage coupling capacitors
eliminated, t h e emitter bypass capacitors
are eliminated as well. In making a
shown in fig. 2. I n this circuit the
combination of the transistor and its low
value emitter resistor acts as a high-resist-
ance constant-current source. The
presence of a common-mode signal on the
d i f f e r e n t i a l transistors affects base
voltages and junction resistances. How-
ever, emitter and collector currents are
held constant by the constant-current
emitter source. I n fact, the undesired
voltage change appears totally across the
constant-current source, which is highly
degenerative. Thus, the differential gain
of the amplifier in terms of common-
mode signals is greatly reduced.
The diode in the base circuit of the
constant-current source provides tempera- fig. 4. Differential amplifier with
ture compensation. Exact compensation Darlington pairs.

is obtained when the characteristics of

the base-emitter junction of the con-
stant-current transistor and the diode
junction are identical. With a rise in
temperature there is an increase in the
conductance of the base emitter junction.
INPUT Since the compensating diode is physi-
cally near the transistor there i s a similar
change in its conductance, and a compen-
sating change is made in the base bias,
keeping the collector-emitter current corl-
stant. The circuit of fig. 2 is a very
common integrated-circuit configuration.

darlington circuit
b-v
The differential amplifiers in figs. 1
fig. 2. Constant-current bias source with and 2 have low input impedances. High
temperature-compensating diode. input impedances can be obtained by
using Darlington circuitry which involves
the addition of two more active elements.
A simplified Darlington combination is
shown in fig. 3; a typical application in an
integrated circuit differential amplifier i s
shown in fig. 4.
I n the normal transistor operation the
6 base-emitter junction is forward biased
HOI- IMPEDANCE and conducts. Resistance is low and
INPUT
0 approximates the product of beta times
the emitter resistance. To some degree
the input resistance can be increased by
d? increasing the ohmic value of the emitter
fig. 3. Basic Darlington pair. resistance at a sacrifice in gain. A better

42 june 1971
 tial-amplifier configuration using paired
transistors instead of single devices. I f
desired, an external stabilizing constant
current source can be added at pin 4;
@ equal 3.6k collector load resistances are
included. Series base resistances increase
input resistance, reduce tendency to
parasitic oscillations and provide addi-
tional isolation.
Fig. 6 shows two ways that are used to
fig. 5 . ~ o t o r o l aH E P 5 8 0 integrated circuit. depict integrated circuits. The differential

approach is to use the input resistance of

[ - - - OUTPUT
a second transistor as the emitter resist-
ance of the first transistor; the input stage
then operates with a highly degenerative
emitter circuit, and consequently, high
input resistance. Both stages contribute
INPUT
output with a gain figure that is compar-
able t o that obtained using a single
transistor of the same type but operating
with a much lower input resistance. Two
fig. 6. T w o methods of representing
such identical circuits are needed for the the Motorola HEP580; arrangement
two separate inputs of a differential in (B) is preferred.
amplifier.

Motorola HEP580 circuit in fig. 6A is arranged around base

The HEP580 is a low-cost integrated pin designations of the ic. The triangular
circuit composed of six resistors and four arrangement of 66 is more common. and
transistors. Internally the transistors are more instructive, because the circuit lay-
connected in pairs with separate base out can be set down with well defined
inputs (fig. 5 ) . All emitters are joined input and output sides regardless of pin
together at pin 4. It is a basic differen- numbers.

fig. 7. Integrated-circuit transmitter has Output of 1 0 0 mW on 4 0 meters.

ic transmitter
A 100-milliwatt QRP transmitter can
be built from two HEP580s, fig. 7. 1 have
had no trouble working several hundred
miles on 40 meters with this simple ic rig.
The first section of one of the ics
operates as a crystal oscillator; the second
section as a phase inverter. Choke output
is used, and approximately equal-ampli-
tude and opposite-polarity rf signals are
available for driving the output ic which
operates as a push-pull amplifier. I t will
draw 20 to 30 milliamperes from a
six-volt lantern battery. Dc input power is
PIN 7 CCWNECJED 4 ClSE
120 milliwatts or more.
fig. 9. Circuit diagram of Motorola
HEP590 integrated circuit.

RCA CA3028
The RCA CA3028 integrated circuit i s
a high-frequency unit that will function
to 100 MHz and higher. It can be used
successfully as an rf amplifier, converter,
mixer, oscillator or limiter.
The internal diagram of the CA3028 i s
shown in fig. 8. The circuit i s the classic
arrangement consisting of a differsntial
pair and constant-current bias source.
Bias resistors are included. Fig. 88 shows
the very few external components needed
to use this ic as a differential rf amplifier.
Signal is applied between pins 1 and 5
which connect to the bases of the differ-
ential amplifier. Output is taken from pin
6. Schematic 8C shows how the same ic
can be connected as a cascode rf ampli-
+ "cc
fier. Signal is applied to pin 2 which
P connects to the base of transistor Q3. Its
collector is direct coupled to the emitters
of transistors Q1 and Q2 in cascode
fashion. Output is taken from pin 6.
ZL4LV has used the RCA CA3028
integrated circuit as a balanced modula-
tor, fig. 10.1 Thecarrier signal isapplied to
the base of 0 3 (pin 2) while audio is
applied to the base of differential tran-
fig. 8. R C A CA3028 integrated circuit. Internal
circuit (A); as a balanced differential amplifier sistor 07 (pinl). The audio signal is
( 6 ) ;as a cascode amplifier (c). applied in a differential mode while the

44 june 1971
fig. 10. Integrated-circuit balanced modulator designed by ZL4LV.

carrier is applied as an in-phase com- in each leg for injecting the modulating
ponent. Therefore, with proper balance, signal. Carrier is applied in differential
the carrier cancels in the collector-to- mode to the pairs of differential tran-
collector output circuit of the differential sistors. Outputs of the differential pairs
pair. Double sideband components are are out-of-phase and under true balance
developed across the same output. the net carrier voltage is zero. Out-of-
The Motorola HEP590 is a similar phase audio is applied to the transistors
integrated circuit except that a tempera- located in the emitter legs o f the differen-
ture-compensating diode is a part of the tial pairs. Upper and lower sideband
package (fig. 9). Bill Hoisington, frequencies develop across the output
KICLL,Z has used the HEP590 success- while the modulating wave is canceled.
fully as an rf amplifier on both 6 and 40 The carrier signal is applied between
meters, fig. 11. pins 8 and 7; the modulating signal is
Although these integrated circuits have between pins 1 and 4. Biasing for these
been used principally in receivers they latter two transistors is obtained from the
have dissipation ratings of several hun- -8 volt source connected to the arm of
dred milliwatts and would no doubt work t h e carrier-null potentiometer. This
well in QRPP transmitter circuits and in
the earlier stages of QRP transmitters.

balanced modulator/demodulator
The Motorola MC1596G has been de-
signed specifically for use in sideband
systems. l nternal circuit configuration
and external circuit plan for a double-
sideband suppressed carrier generator are
given in fig. 12. Two differential amplif ier
pairs are included and incorporate in-
dividual transistors in their common
emitter circuits to supply constant cur- fig. 11. 50-MHz Integrated-circuit
rent bias. A second transistor is included amplifier built by KlCLL.

june 1971 Q 45
fig. l2.Circuit Of
Motorola MC1596G
modulator/demodu-
lator (A); balanced-
m o d u l a t o r circuit
(6).

SffiN4L INPUT VS

0'

e GAIN AWUST

I
W R I E R NULL t

biasing sets bias and permits an appropri- Device dissipation is 1.8 watt. Maximum
ate adjustment for balancing out the drain voltage i s 40, and in typical circuits
carrier. the transistor draws 50 to 100 milli-
A balanced output is available between amperes. A TO-18 heat sink helps heat
pins 6 and 9; single-ended output can be dissipation.
derived between either pin and common. The 2N3970 performs well in a variety
of oscillator circuits including the Miller,
more power fets Pierce, Colpitts and push-pull. It oscillates
The Siliconix 2N3970 is a switching efficiently 10 through 160 meters. A
fet that performs well as a high-frequency Pierce crystal oscillator and class-C ampli-
amplifier and oscillator. I t s power output fier is shown in fig. 13. This effective
is about one-half that of a U222 power QRPP transmitter requires only a single
fet but at only one-quarter the cost. resonant transformer.

46 june 1971
fig. 13. Simple two-stage
fet transmitter for 40, 80
and 160 meters

160 80 40
Lt 65 turns no. 26 40 turns no. 24 21 turns no. 22
on 1-114" coil form on 1-1/4" coil form on 1-114" coil form

LZ 20 turns no. 26. 13 turns no. 24. 7 turns no. 22,

bifilar wound on bifllar wound on bifilar wound on
cold end of L1 cold end of L1 cold end o f L1

Note how the fundamental class-C fet tor combination at the fet gate develops
circuit closely matches conventional the required cut-off bias. The source
vacuum-tube practice. The resistor-capaci- resistor, like the cathode resistor of a
vacuum-tube amplifier, limits device
current to a safe value when rf excitation
2N3970
i s lost. A source current meter shows a
dip when the drain i s tuned through
resonance. Likewise, the magnitude of
the dip current rises as antenna coupling
is increased.
Power outputs up to one-half watt are
obtained on 40, 80 and 160 meters with
330 somewhat less on 20 meters. A supply
voltage of 36-volts is obtained by con-
necting three 12-volt lantern batteries in
series. Drain current is typically 60 to 75
fig. 14. Push-pull fet 160
mA.
power oscillator f o r L1 65 turns no. 26 Outputs of 1 watt and higher can be
40. 80 and 160 on 1-1/4" coil form. obtained on 40, 8 0 and 160 meters using
meterr centertapped and the push-pull circuit of fig. 14. The
divided
circuit arrangement is similar to that
L2 20 turns no. 26
given for the U222 160-meter cw trans-
between halves mitter presented in the April issue of ham
of L1 radio.

References
80 40 1. Pat Hawker, G3VA. " Z L 4 L V High-Fre-
L1 40 turns no. 24 2 1 turns no. 22 quency Balanced Modulator," Radio Com-
on 1-1/4" coil form. on 1-1/4" coil form. munication, July, 1969, page 466.
centertapped and centertapped and 2. Bill Hoisington, K I C L L , "ICs for Amateur
divided divided Use," 73, October, 1970, page 22.
3. E d Noll, W3FQJ, "Circuits and Techniques:
L2 13 turns no. 24 7 turns no. 22 Power FETs," ham radio, April, 1971, page 34.
between halves between halves
Of L1 of L1 ham radio

june 1971 47
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An American made FM Transceiver
For the amateur who needs quality communications
But at a price below the imports
10 independent Receive-Transmit Channels
.34, .82, .88, .94 Transmit -
.76, .82, .88, .94 Receive supplied
Full 20-30 watt output
Frequency stability .001% -20' t o +60mC
.3$I sensitivity far 20 d b quieting
All solid state
Control Head 2" x 5" x 6" -
Main Unit 2" x 10" x lltt
Cabling supplied for trunk or other location mount
FCC type accepted Receiver-Transmitter design

DYCOMM MINI FM BOOSTERS

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ADD 12-14 VOLTS AND QSO
ALL WITH AUTOMATIC RF SWITCHING

101-500C "FM BOOSTER" 101-500E "BRICK BOOSTER"

4-12W input for 1-3.5W input for
12-30W Max output. r 10-30W Max output.
Size: 3" x 4" x 4" ............... Price $59.95 Typically 20W out
for 2W in.
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8-15W input for
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48 j u n e 1971 More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 94

 ' DYCOMM
I
-ECHO II

. . . NEVER BEFORE..
a repeater designed specifically for amateur use.
.
This compact little package contains a complete 2 meter
FM solid-state repeater, including a receiver with useable
sensitivity better than .2 microvolts and a transmitter
with a guaranteed output of 12 watts (15 watts typical).
We think this package is going to revolutionize amateur
repeater installations. Look over the spec's and we are
certain that you'll agree.

Solid state - no relays

Withstands most severe environment. fully weatherproof
Multiple frequency operation -
remote selection capability
Protected against antenna short or open circuit or mismatch
Deviation 5 kHz adjustable to 10 kHz
Desensitization less than.25 microvolt at 200 kHz separation - negligible at 300 kHz
Power 12-15volt operation -40 ma receive - 1.5A transmit
Terminals provided for all necessary controls and monitoring

Call or write today for information

on these exciting New Dycomm Products

JIM W4MRI

DYNAMIC COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

P. 0. BOX 10116 RlVlERA BEACH, FLORIDA 33404
305-844-1323

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 94 june 1971 49

 low-noise
transistor
1296 MHz preamplifier
The state of the art in amateur receiving
techniques has made dramatic strides
during t h e last few years. Noise figures
for devices available are n o w less than 1.5
d B at 432 MHz, and a recently announced
Japanese transistor provides a noise figure
o f less than 3 d B at 1296 MHz w i t h gain
i n excess o f 13 dB.
L T h e 1296-MHz preamplifier developed
This high-performance 2
-
b y K2UYH,' and described i n an im-

1296-MHz preamplifier a.-

C
L
proved two-stage version b y myself2 used
KMC 5200 and 5500 transistors w i t h
noise figures less than 3 d B at 1000 MHz.
a Early reports o f "around 3 o r 4 d B at
provides a real breakthrough a- 1300 MHz" proved optimistic; noise
0
f i g u r e measurements conducted b y
in noise figure 2e W2CCY, W2CQH and W21MU showed
TI that most devices were nearer t o 5 o r 6
0 d B w i t h a few as l o w as 4.5 d B noise
and may spell the end g figure, although K2TKN claimed some
7% devices he measured were around 4.0 dB.
for paramps on 1296 MHz O
W i t h t h e best diode mixers available at
2 that t i m e t h e noise figures o f t h e better
f r o n t ends were measured optimistically
at 7 d B - b u t most were nearer t o 9 o r
10 d B and many have been measured as
high as 18 dB. W i t h these noise figures it
is easy t o see w h y y o u needed two stages
'The Nippon Electric V766B, available in single
units for $18 from California Eastern Labora-
tories, 8 7 Terrace Hall Avenue, Burlington,
Massachusetts 0 1 803.

50 Q june 1971
 to have sufficient gain to overcome mixer inexpensive hotcarrier diodes such as the
noise and establish a reasonable front-end Hewlett-Packard HP2800. With such a
noise figure. converter it is now feasible to establish a

agram and parts in-

f o r m a t i o n f o r the
low-noise 1296-MHz 1-8
1-8
rf preamplifier. Con-
struction is shown
i n fig. 2. Ferrite
beads are available
f r o m A m M o n As-
sociates, 12033
Otsego Street.
N o r t h Hollywood.
C a l i f o r n i a 91607:
$2.00 per packet.

Cl,C2,C3,C4 1 t o 8 pF, high-quality short Jl,J2 Teflon-insulated BNC chassis

piston capacitor (Johanson connector
used b y author)
Ll.L2 brass strip. 3/8" wide (see fig.
C5.C6 500-pF feedthrough, button 2
mica or ceramic
RFCl 2-3/4 turns no. 30 airwound
CR1 protective diode, 10 m A or o n 1/16" diameter f o r m
more

Modern converters with hot-carrier front-end noise figure based on the pre-
diode mixers and filters between the amplifier parameters with a single stageif
multiplier trough and the mixer3 can the preamplifier has a gain of at least 11
I achieve noise figures of about 8 dB with or 12 dB. The preamplifier described here

I meets these requirements.

I T h e 1296-MHz preamplifier is in-

the circuit
The circuit (fig. 1) is essentially that of
stalled i n a 21/rx2l/rx&inch minibox.
the first stage of the 1296-MHz amplifier
described in the 1970 ARRL Handbook
with an rf choke substituted for one of
the resistors. This provides slightly better
gain. Also, the bias adjustment pot is
changed to give smoother control with
the parameters of the V766B transistor.
The physical changes from the original
design are very important from the stand-
point of stability and protection of the
parts. Dimensions should be followed
closely. An alternate and preferred
method of mounting of the transistor is
shown in fig. 3B. This construction makes
i t easy to remove and replace the tran-
sistor without damaging it.

june 1971 51
construction the base lead opposite; the two remaining
The preamplifier is built into a mini- leads are emitter leads.
box for convenience and shielding, but all The minibox shown in the photographs
construction is done on 3/32 or 1116-inch i s slightly deeper than necessary since I
thick brass plate which is held in place by built an ac power supply into my unit.

fig. 2. Construction details o f t h e 1296-MHz preamplifier. F o r s h k l d detail, see fb. 3. T h i s u n i t is

designed t o f i t i n t o 4x2Cx2V4" minibox. R F C l should b e air supported; use a %-watt 1000- o r
2000-ohm resistor if oscillations occur. This illustration is f u l l size.

four screws (see fig. 2). This makes If the power supply is external the mini-
assembling and construction much easier box can be much shallower.
as well as making the whole device very If silver-impregnatedepoxy is available
rigid. When working with the transistor, it can be used a t the transistor junctions
the collector lead is the longest one with and at the no-lead disc capacitors to avoid

fig. 3. Transistor shield. L a y o u t i n (B) is preferred t o arrangement I n (A) as it permits easy transistor
removal.

52 Q june 1971
heat damage. The no-lead capacitors are t o avoid overheating the capacitors when
difficult t o find. You can make a good soldering. The brass striplines are
substitute b y completely cutting o f f the mounted o n t o p o f the tuning capacitors
leads from a ceramic disc capacitor and and soldered directly t o the tops. The
carefully filing the ceramic o f f the flat capacitors are mounted o n 518-inch

Simple construction of the low-noise Preamplifier for 1296 M H z .

surfaces. Y o u may spoil one or t w o disc centers; the part o f the strap left over is
capacitors b u t you'll eventually get the bent upward at about 45O t o accommo-
hang of it. Connections are soldered date the modified disc capacitors between
directly t o the exposed surfaces. the stripline and the BNC connectors.
The vertical partitions i n the preampli-
fier are made of the same brass stock as tuneup
the base and are preferably hard soldered, Initial tuneup is best accomplished
although regular "soft" solder will do. w i t h a 1296MHz signal (a typical
Handle the transistor w i t h care, especi- 1296-MHz weak-signal source is shown in
ally when soldering it into the circuit. fig. 4). Apply about 6 volts t o the
The Brookstone Company* sells a high- transistor preamplifier and monitor col-
conductivity, low-temperature solder lector current w i t h a 10-mA meter. Ad-
(TIX) which melts at 250' F and is just the bias control so collector current
excellent for this purpose. is 1 t o 2 mA.
The tuning capacitors are Johanson Start the tuneup procedure w i t h all
0.843 pF units, b u t JFD equivalents, or the capacitors at minimum capacitance;
any good quality short piston capacitors, turn the output capacitors i n one-half
w i l l work. Use thin brass for the striplines turn at a time until obtaining maximum
reading o n the receiver S-meter. Now
*Available from the Brookstone Company, 5
adjust the input capacitor one turn at a
Brookstone Building. Peterborough. New time, repeaking the input capacitor near
Hampshire 03458. the transistor for maximum.

june 1971 5 53
 terminals. Put the 1296-MHz signal
source near the antenna and connect the
transmission line to the amplifier. Tune in
the signal and repeat all adjustments for
best signal-to-noiseratio.
I f you happen to purchase a particular-
ly "hot" V766B transistor you may have
LONG
trouble with oscillations, although this is
very rare. However, if you do have
oscillation problems, replace the collector
r f choke with a 1000- or 2000-ohm,
114-watt resistor; this will reduce the O
and gain of the stage.

summary
With this new low-noise transistor
many serious 1296-MHz enthusiasts be-
lieve now is the time to discard the
cranky parametric amplifier - the so-
called advantages are hardly worth the
added effort and complexity of the
pararnp. As W21MU said recently, in
relation to this 1296-MHz preamplifier,
"We have entered a new era in EME for
the amateur."
fig. 4. 1296-MHz weak-signal source uses
72-MHz injection and diode frequency multi- references
plier. Diode may be a varactor. 1N914. 1N916 1. A. Katz, K2UYH. "A 1296-MHz Preampli-
or 1N82. Input is link coupled to crystal-con- fier - That Works!" QST, November, 1967,
trolled oscillator. page 32.
2. D. Vilardi, WA2VTR, "Two-Stage Transistor
Preamplifier for 1296 MHz," QST, December,
1968, page 40.
3. "The Radio Amateur's Handbook," ARRL,
Repeak all capacitors, and apply 9 1970, page 41 4.
volts to the preamplifier while adjusting
collector current for maximum gain with ham radio
lowest noise. Do not exceed 6 mA col-
lector current. My V766B preamplifier
worked best at 3.5 mA.
When tuning up (or using) the pre-
amplifier do not allow the transistor to go
into oscillation (as evidenced by sharply
increased collector current) for more than
a very short time or the transistor will be
destroyed. The input and output net-
works are essentially pi networks but can
be tuned to other modes. The function of
these pi networks is to provide the
transistor with a proper match; if the
input of your converter is not close to 52
ohms you may need a 3 d B 52-ohm pad
between the preamplifier and converter.
Final tuneup must be accomplished "Boy, you're in for the surprise of your life
with the antenna connected to the input when you get out of here!"

54 Q june 1971
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More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 9 4 june 1971 rn 55

 determining
power dissipation ratings
of transistors Have you ever ruined a transistor by
operating it in excess of its rated tempera-
ture? Or have you ever bought a transis-
tor with a large dissipation rating simply
because you weren't sure whether a
smaller device could withstand the power
requirement? I f you have, then this arti-
cle is for you. I will discuss how to keep a
The power dissipation transistor below its maximum tempera-
ture, and you will find that in some cases
of a transistor a device rated at 100 watts may be good
for only a fraction of that much power.

depends upon the size safe operating area

fr- The data sheets of most power transis-
ce,
and efficiency e
m
tors provide a safe-operating-area graph.
Fig. 1 shows such a graph for an imagin-
-mc ary transistor capable of dissipating 100
of the heat sink - 2- watts. As shown on the graph, the maxi-
mum voltage which may safely be applied
here's how to this device is 40 volts; maximum
current is 10 amps. The space enclosed by
to determine c9-
the black line represents the safe oper-
er ating area - that is, the values of current
K and voltage at which the transistor may
practical power ratings be operated without exceeding i t s maxi-
mum dissipation capabilities. Any value

sd of voltage and current within the en-

closed area may be safely applied to the
transistor.
-. For example, the intersection of 4
f amps and 20 volts lies within the line,
indicating that the device may be used at
E
5 these ratings without damage. On the
other hand, the intersection of 5 amps It is possible to calculate the thermal
and 30 volts falls outside the enclosed resistance between the junction and the
area, indicating that the transistor, when case (OJC) of any transistor if i t s power
operated at these values, will be gener- rating and its maximum permissible
ating more heat than it can dissipate, and operating temperature, TJ(rnax), are
will likely be destroyed. known." These values can be found on
the data sheet.
To find OJC for the 100-watt demon-
stration transistor. we will assume a metal-
encased silicon unit. For such a transistor,
TJ(rnax) would be 200 OC. The thermal
resistance may be found from the follow-
ing formula:

where TA is the ambient temperature, PD

is the power rating of the transistor, and
~ J C and TJ(rnax) are as explained above.
Inserting the values given for the
100-watt transistor at 25°C ambient:

For a given temperature, the thermal

resistance of the semiconductor deter-
CRLECTOR-EMITTER UXTAGE IWXEJ mines the maximum power dissipation.
fig. 1. Typical safe-operating-area graph. Before the transistor can be used, an
The 100-watt transistor may be safely additional thermal resistance, between
operated at any voltage and current
the case and the ambient environment
values under the heavy line.
(OCA) must be known. This is because
the heat generated at the semiconductor
junction can only be transmitted through
thermal resistance the case and must be dissipated into the
The above explanation may seem very surrounding environment whether it's air,
straight forward but unfortunately com- a heat sink or a liquid coolant.
plications arise. Another factor, called To determine OCA, you must know
thermal resistance, must be included in how the transistor is to be mounted. If
any calculations concerning a transistor's the transistor is mounted in free, still air
dissipation abilities. Thermal resistance is with no heat sink, ~ C will
A be quite high
the resistance material offers to the con- and the power capabilities of the device
duction of heat. When used in conjunc- will be greatly curtailed. The amount of
tion with semiconductors, it is expressed power that may be dissipated with no
in degrees centigrade per watt (OCIW). heat sink depends on the junction-to-
This means that for a specific number of ambient thermal resistance, ~ J A .This
watts dissipated, the temperature of the factor can sometimes be found on the
semiconductor will rise a definite number
"This value can also be found on the data sheet,
of degrees C above the ambient tem- but the reader should understand how it was
perature. obtained.

june 1971 Q 57
data sheet, and when used in eq. 3 below values for the 100-watt transistor:
it can be used to determine the maximum
power that may be applied without a heat ~ J =A ~"CIW + 1. 7 5 " +~ ~ (5)
sink: o . ~ " c / w= 6.15~C/w
TJ(max) - TA Hence, it is seen that the BJA of the
P ~ ( m a x=) (3)
JA complete assembly is 6 . 1 5 " ~ / ~If. this

table 1. Thermal resistance of typical heat-sink materials.

thermal
size resistance
material (inches) (OC/w) remarks

finned heat sink bright aluminum

finned heat sink anodized aluminum
finned heat sink anodized aluminum
chassis unfinished aluminum
chassis unfinished aluminum
chassis unfinished aluminum
chassis unfinished aluminum
chassis unfinished aluminum
mica washer with thermal compound

In the case of the 100-watt transistor value is inserted into eq. 3, you can
used as an example, maximum dissipa- determine the maximum power that can
tion would be approximately 5 watts. be safely applied to the transistor:
However, if a heat sink is used the (6)
resistance to heat flow will be greatly P ~ ( m a x=) 200 - 25 = 34 watts
6.15
reduced. Since heat sinks vary greatly in
their ability to conduct heat, table 1 has In this arrangement the maximum
been included to give you an idea of power that can be dissipated by the
typical values of thermal resistance. In transistor is only 29 watts. To safely
addition to the heat sinks listed in the apply more power to the device you must
table, several chassis are also included use a larger heat sink, or the sink must be
since they are often used as sinks. cooled with forced air. If you try to
Assume that the first heat sink in the dissipate more power than that calculated
list, rated at 3O C/W thermal resistance, is without additional cooling, the transistor
to be used with the 100-watt transistor. will be destroyed.
To find the total thermal resistance be- You may ask why a semiconductor is
tween the semiconductor junction and rated at 100 watts when it cannot
the ambient. it is necessary to know the practically dissipate that much power.
thermal resistances of the heat sink, the The answer is simple: Transistor manu-
transistor and of any insulating washers facturers, having no idea of the specific
used between the transistor and the sink: type of heat sink to be used, publish the
maximum power that the unit can dissi-
pate when used with an infinite heat sink.

The thermal resistance of a mica in- pulse operation

sulating washer i s O . ~ O C / W . lnserting the If a power pulse is momentarily ap-

58 june 1971
plied to a transistor, higher dissipation is The case temperature may be found
possible. Fig. 2 shows a second safe-oper- from:
ating-area graph on which several dark
lines are drawn. The line labeled dc is the
maximum power-dissipation limit. If, for where PDC is the steady state value of
example, the demonstration transistor ex- power being dissipated by the transistor
periences stress for only 1 millisecond it prior to the application of the pulse, ~ C S
is the thermal resistance of the insulating
washer and ~ S is A the thermal resistance
of the heat sink.
As an example, assume that the
100-watt transistor, using the heat sink
discussed previously, is dissipating 10
watts just prior to the application of a
I-millisecond pulse. From eq. 8 (at 25OC
ambient)

Inserting the result into eq. 7 gives:

The transistor can withstand 243 watts

for a period of 1 millisecond. Wattage
ratings for other pulse widths are found
in a similar manner by substituting the
desired values.

CCCLECTOR-EMITTER KXTAGE f MXE) pulse-train dissipation

fig. 2. Safe-operating-area graph for Since mathematical calculation of per-
single non-repetitive pulses.
missible power becomes rather unwieldy
for repetitive pulses, at least one manu-
facturer, Motorola, has included graphs
specifically for this purpose on his data
sheets. As a result it is quite simple to
can be seen from the graph that the
find the maximum power dissipation for
device can dissipate 300 watts. Since the
a wide range of pulse widths and for
transistor is operated at three times its various duty cycles. A normalizing factor
rated power the thermal resistance OJC, is obtained from the graph and multiplied
for a I-millisecond pulse is reduced by a
by the dc value of OJA. The resultant
factor of 3 to 0 . 5 8 ~ ~ However,
1~. this factor may then be used in eq. 3 to
holds true only if the transistor case i s at determine maximum power dissipation.
a temperature of 25 OC prior to applying
of the pulse. For other case temperatures references
the following formula is needed: 1. "The Semiconductor Data Book," 4th edi-
tion, 1969, Motorola Semiconductor Products,
T ~ l m a x -) T~ (7) Inc., p. AN-16.
P ~ ( ~ u l s=e )
OJC (pulse) 2. "RCA Power Circuits Manual," 1969, Radio
Corporation of America, p. 71.
3. "RCA Transistor. Thyristor, and Diode
where TC i s the case temperature and Manual," 1969, Radio Corporation of America,
O ~ ~ ( ~ u liss the
e ) pulse thermal resistance p. 202.
as calculated above. ham radio

june 1971 59
 transmitter-tuning
unit
Slow-scan television enthusiasts have a
saying, "Hams should be seen as well as
heard." I am an active slow scanner, but I
was forced to admit one morning on 20
meters that this might not always apply,
and in special circumstances, "Hams
should be heard and not seen."
For many months several of us in the
ninth call area have maintained contact
F with each other on the 20-meter band
is an aural tuning meter S while driving to work on a newly built
ILI! interstate highway. This highway provides
m
that allows 5- superior radiation capabilities due to the
excellent ground plane effect of the metal
c- reinforcing in the concrete pavement.
a blind person 2
B During this period of time WSTCT, my-
self and others were joined by a fixed
to tune his rig
2
&. station in the immediate area, K5MIBl9.
I- Wes soon told us that he was blind and
z that he lived in the area only during the
for maximum output winter months. Working Wes became
L-

-.-
o) routine, but his signal varied in strength
from week to week and sometimes from
z
ci day to day. It eventually occurred to us
C that this variation was due to the fact
B that his transmitter was not properly

60 Q june 1971
tuned after moving from different parts the area occasionally dropped in and
of the band. When we inquired how he peaked the final.
tuned his rig we were told that hams in On one particular morning Wes was so

-1w .rev

AYRIFIER

fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the aural transmitter-tunlng unit.

weak that his signal was barely readable

just a few miles outside of town. W9TCT
stopped in and tuned the rig for him.
W9TCT and I felt that something had to
be done, and decided that a simple device
was needed to help Wes tune his rig to
maximum output.

the circuit
Most slow scanners are familiar with
the voltage-controlled rnultivibrator. The
pitch of the oscillator can be changed
over a rather wide range by providing a
Wes Bradley, K S M I B / ~ ,tun~ngh ~ s
Swan variable voltage to the base of the oscil-
transcetver with the Noise Maker. lator transistors. If the rectified rf current
from the output of the transmitter could over a small range by adjustment of the
be used to control the audio oscillator 15k pot. The lowest frequency is set by
frequency a blind ham could easily tune the small voltage fed into the non-in-
his transmitter to maximum output by verting input of the 709C.
just listening to the highest pitch of the The multivibrator is conventional. and
audio output frequency of the multivi- any npn transistors can be used. None of
brator. A simple diode output circuit and the components in this circuit are critical.
a 709C operational amplifier to supply The audio output stage uses a small
the variable bias voltage were easily de- imported high-impedance to low-im-
signed. A simple audio output transistor pedance transformer to provide an im-
stage gave enough output to drive a small pedance match between the collector of
speaker.
theory of operation
The resistance divider consisting of the
56k and I k resistors connected to the
coaxial cable are adequate for power
levels from 200 watts to 2 kW on all
bands from 80 to 10 meters.
The gain of the 709C operational
amplifier was set at 100. This amplifier
has been compensated as recommended
in the application sheets. A small voltage
of about .O1 volt is fed into the non- COW. IOOmA SILICON
O l W E S OR BETTER
inverting input of the operational ampli- fig. 2. Power supply for the
fier; this voltage provides the offset bias transmitter-tuning unit.

the multivibrator and the base of the

audio transistor stage. The output circuit
consists of a small output transformer
and speaker to provide the audible output
signal.
A center-tapped junk-box transformer
was used for the power supply. The
current drain is extremely small, and
available parts from around the shack
should work nicely. The complete circuit
is shown in fig. 1. An Amphenol T-con-
nector was used to provide the housing
for the r f detector circuit shown in fig. 1.
Internal layout of the aural tuning The Noise Maker was enclosed in a small
unit. Component layout is not
sloping metal cabinet. The entire circuit
critical.
was built on vector board.
I n the photograph K5MIB19 is happily
adjusting his Swan 350 to maximum
return of + I volt for the base resistors of output. Strange as it might seem, several
the multivibrator with no rf signal, telling hams that have sight have asked for the
the blind ham that the equipment is circuit for their rigs. I am indebted to
turned on. W9TCT for help and inspiration in the
The 709C amplifier has a positive design and construction of the Noise
swing of about + I 0 volts. The maximum Maker.
pitch of the multivibrator can be changed ham radio
 Ten-Tec R X l O
communications receiver
teristics. The balance of the receiver is
built around straightforward bipolar
A lot devices. An oscillator/buffer/multiplier
section provides an appropriate injection
of performance signal to the 40604 mixer, while a filter
and four-stage audio amplifier arrange-
ment deliver a more than adequate signal
in a small, to the headphone output.
An added feature is the cw practice
low-cost package oscillator that i s included; this helps the
beginner get going with his code-practice
program. The receiver also includes a
In these days of increasingly sophis- built-in 115-volt ac power supply for
ticated and complex electronic com- home use.
munications equipment it is a pleasure to The RXlO receiver i s quite stable. The
see a new product which fills an impor- manufacturer claims no more than
tant need in a very simple and effective 100-Hz drift from turn on, and our
manner. The new Ten-Tec RX10 com- experience at ham radio backs this up.
munications receiver is a natural for the Just for fun we connected the RXlO to a
beginner, or for the old timer who is HAL Devices ST-6 RTTY Demodulator
looking for a good emergency receiver. and tuned it to a teletype signal on 20
The RXlO will give many hours of service meters. Much to our surprise and delight
from a handful of flashlight batteries. we were treated to nearly ten minutes of
I n the Ten-Tec RX 10, direct con- perfect "hands-off" copy before the
version is used to provide complete cover- 3 station signed. And this was with a cold
age of the 80-, 40-, 20- and 15-meter 2: receiver!
0)
amateur bands. The critical conversion c
c Although no specific measurements
stage uses an RCA 40604 dual-gate were made, the sensitivity was very good
mosfet to provide low noise figure, high .Q on both the 80- and 40-meter bands; both
sensitivity and good overload charac- 20- and 15-meter performance seemed to

june 1971 Q 63
BOOKS.. .
Radio Society of Great Britain publications Frequency
R X l O Specifications
3.5-4.0 MHz, 7.0-7.3
range MHz, 14.0-14.6 MHz,
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ALL ABOUT CUBICAL QUAD ANTENNAS by lower bands. However, in all cases per-
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W6SAl - New editlon. Theory, des~gn,construe. course, with the direct-conversion system
tion, and the installation of rotary beam antennas!
SWR data! Multi-band beams. 40 meter beams, you will hear the audio image of nearby
20 meter DX beams1 How to make your beam
work! 200 pages. $4.95 stations, but in view of the excellent
NOVICE & TECHNICIAN HANDBOOK by , W6SAI performance of this modestly priced re-
and W6TNS - All about amateur r a d ~ oIn non.
technical language! How to learn the code. How ceiver, I don't think this i s an important
to assemble your h a m station. Transmitters1 consideration.
Receivers! DXI How t o get QSL cards. $3.95
ELECTRONIC CONSTRUCTION HANDBOOK by Please don't go out and buy a Ten-Tec
Robert Lewls. WBMQU - All about design . RXlO for RTTY. However, I am sure that
construction - layout and testing of electronic
equipment. Non-technical guide for kit-builders you will agree that for $59.95 there is a lot
and your best key t o better performance of your
equipment1 0.95 of performance in this little package. Ten-
Tec products are available from your
local dealer or Ten Tec. Inc., Sevierville,
Tennessee 37862.
Box 592 Amherst, Nmw Hampshire 03031
ham radio
 BC-733 RECENER Recelvr r d l o slsmls
being trammined by US satellite on a m . 108
Mc. AM, c r y l t o l s o n t r o ~ l don 6 PNUQtk.9. i n

2, PAGES, rrommedr,th & v ' * iurplv. E l s c h o n ~ cGsor - the Biggnt

'
108.3 to 110.3 MC range. O p a m on
DC 2M VDC 80 Ma. Complete
Can be c m d to FM Receiver
~ lY24 V
with
b p i n h y r in h s r i c d It will pol you to ISEND ~ 5 ~ 1 .......... $5.95
fa copy -
Refunded with yovr fin1 order.
80 to 108 Mc. Exc.Usd..
K-732A Conhol Ibx f a above, NEW.. . 1-75
M.645 TRANSCEIVER I 5 b b , 435 to Ya Mc
€=ill ~ d ~ p(or r d2 m y wit. a cod* on Horn, -
7-41 / APS 18 TRANSMITTER
bib, T.l.rision Eip.rlnmtol, and Citirwm ANTENNA UNIT designed fa 115 V 800 to
bndr. With tuba, i m par ~ supply 14M) c p . Tuba included ore hm 15E and onm
infoctay torton, WND NEW..... $16.95 1517. Complete with h o c k m w n b
TRANSMITTER hm 4 hhm: WE-316A. 2-5F6,
and M-r motor.7~&18*, NEW.. !$6.95..
RECEIVER h m 11 )vba: 2-955, 4-7H7, 2-7E6, 3 - 7 n BC-223AX TRANSMITTER 25 Watt, CW, MCW,
RECEIVER I.F.: 40 M.gosycla voice, Crystal control on 4 p e l e l e c t e d channels.
SIZE: 10-1/2. x 13-1/2' x 4-l/Zn. Shpg wt 25 Ib. 2000 to 5200 Kc by u w of 3 plugin units,
included. Complete.
SPECIAL PACKAGE OFFER: K U 5 Tmnce1v.r. D y m ) r x and all N~w"""'."'."""." s27d0
oscrw.lr, insldlw -tinp, UHF ~ n k n n Punnblir,
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complete u t of connctan ond p l w .
bard Nw .......................................$26.95
HEADSEl
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14 tubes, dyn.
BRAND N W .......................$9.95
A&. heodrsr wihout a cmhia.. $1.95 ..... 'A
nigh im@-&pm ko&. ..................
6 9 ~ A M - 2 6 / A I C PHASE INVERTER AMP.
4-)ubs pushpull power o w l i f i n . Caton mike
SCR-274-N, ARCS COMMANDs
n HQ! mlNo input,hi-lo imp. wtpu). W a b on 24VDC. E o r
L
.I llyconverted to dandy 9-n a n p l l f i r . Compl.(e
E
Zi. TVw
U.d
C.C.
with t u b and dynamo-
IC-.13 r H n rran,lm,s,
nI.Or.ScS0r l v m . . cmvmm
s..,.~ lr....... aL....
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LIKE NEW ........................ $5.95
TIIlUsMlTTtOS.
4.s.s Me.. . . . . . . .
caml.1. r l m Tub.
. . . . .. - . h a lwo l r p v t clrculb .och
5.1-7 M C .........mc.r37
mC.450 . . . . . S 8.95
. . . . . .sc.... ....
8.SS
- - .. = SII.~S
. . f::::?
D U A L AMPLIFIER
feeding a single 6 S M G T
b m p l e h with 115V 60 cy. para slrpply
ampllfi-

TO-34A CODE KEYER, u l f s o n b l w d , outornotic, using 6 x 5 m~c t~l f l r . NEW.. ........ $5.95
r @ m cod. pralic. signals k m ppr top.
5 to 12 WPM Built-in s p o k r . b D d nr with t u h IP-69A/ALA-2 INDICATOR 3' sop.
mmw.I tak*u~ ld Im
i -..$24M Front ~ n l s ~:w t i - I ~ a s . ~ b . ~ i m t p.
o~
Cod. patic. t o p l f a o b v . P.U.R. Inhnity, focus, win, width, c d r frq. Pan.
BC-1206-C RECEIVER Aircraft b a c o n Re- @amtesm 115V380tolWOcp.
ceiver 200 to 400 Kc. Opemtm from 24V DC 1.5.4.
Complete with tub. LIKE NEW. .....
$27.50
Continuous tuning, vol control, on-ff switch o d
TG-58 TELEGRAPH SET fa a d * sommurr
phone jock. Vary wmitive. Compact.
CmpIets with t u b , NEW .............
$12.50 l w t l o m a code pmcttce. Parkable, with h i n g d
lid. Two a more unib o p m t e up to 25 m l l r a-
pat. Bell cull sydan, 1OOO cycle howler, key,
BC-604 FM TRANSMITER M to 27.9 MC.
hpdplece,canvas wse,book.
Output approx 30 W ~ S .10 crystol controlled
channels. Complete with t u b . Size 5-1/2x5-1/210U. NEW.. ........
.$8.95
NEW ........................... $12.50 -
ARC-RllA MDdrn
- 0-5 -
R u o i v r 190 550 Khr .............
grrph ........
$10.95
mobile ham gear. Built-in h a h filter. NEW $4.
ARC422 540 1&BKhz R u e l r r with m i n o
R-4/ARR-2 R.c*lrr 2344% Mhx, 11 NEW
bba, .......... $15.95
s8fi CARTER M A G M O T O R Input: 6 VDC 3.6 Amp.
-
-EE-8 SIGNAL CORPS FIELD PHONES.. ...................
$16.95
Output: 2M VDC '030 Amp'
-s2.65
1-30 THROAT MIKE, NEW.. 5 4 ......
USED... 3% ......... 'w2503S
1-17 MICROPHONE, NEW.. $8.50 ....
USED,&.skd wt $4.95 D M - 3 4 D Y N A M O T O R Input 14 VDC 2.8 Amps.
..
K M 5 INTERPHONE AMPLIFIER, NEW 13.45 EXC.USED..
TELEPHONE HANDSET, W.E. typ.. .LIKE NEW
11.95 Output: 220 VDC 80 Ma. Size 3" x
.........
$2.95
SCR-522 TRANSMITTER-RECEIVER with 18 tubr. LIKE NEW 332.50
4-112
'" x 6-1/4". Wt. 5 Ih. NEW $4.45 ....... I' ,
BC-524 RECEIVER 100-156 Mc, with tuber, exc. wad.... $23 50
TS-126/AP 'INGlEST
E

....... ' 9'M :zE,,,,win

Top v l i t y 2" scope wlth a l l p i t l a
BC-625 TRANSMITTER 100-156 Mc with tubes, a x c . 4 . . $23:50
md inbnlty cmtrols.
RAY-3 NAVY RECEIVER high freq. AM, like new
TELEPHONE HANDSET, like n e w
FULL WAVE SELENIUM RECTIFIER 11W @ 150 Ma, New
..................... : ;;2:
Complete with t u b a d w M a , NEW. $24.50
Dmili -,., .............
A M - 3 W / A 1 C PUSHPULL AMPLIFIER TELEPHONE TYPE RELAY
4+b PP power amplifier wlth dynamotor, uorb on M e by J.H.&nnell, has adjustable
28 VDC. Autamtic goin wntrol. wmitivity. 150 ohm coil. NEW.. ....$3.45 --
H p g wt I 5 I h . LIKE NEW. ............
$3.95
- WILLARD 2-VOLT STORAGE BATTERY
--

FTR MINIATURE CHOKE, hermetlwlly so led, rated 2 henries u!

130 k . w i g h t mounting. Special &ry, NEW 5.29
AUTOMATIC BATTERY FILLER doubles battery l i f e l Vls one for
,* tM, fw lzV. bmcket, in,,ructions. NEW... 1.69
..........
-
Rot4 ot 20 +.-limn.

3x4x5 I/2"'
Modal i0-2. Rachageable.
Compct m i l l comhuction. Lighkeight plpty-
'"' co"binw' IM
-I*cholyte. H i w i n o W.IQ~~ 3 ~ b .NW, each
P
.............$2.796
lTHMS: 25'1 lh.wall wllh order. bdancc C 0 0 -or- Rsmlttmce In lull.
McELROY AUTOMATIC KEYER f a keying hllnlrnum o n ~ r r%.on F.U.B. NYC. ~ub)eel'm;rior ~ m Md
~ c Y ~ I C C ctmnec
transmitter w for code poctice.Phoblectric cell
a ssrritive r e l y . Vori*le speed motor IIOV M ) cy GdlG RADIO ELECTRONICS COMPANY
Complete 4 t h t u b . EXC. USED ......$11.25 45-47 Womn St. i2nd FI I Naw Yo&. N.Y. 10067 Ph. 212-267-4605
--
 tebook
switching counter
readouts
economical decade One of the more expensive parts of a
standards frequency counter, or counter dial*, is
the indicating or readout equipment.
Resistor decades are convenient for As a result many applications provide the
experimental use but are bulky and ex- readout for only three or four digits
pensive, especially the higher-accuracy of the count. In some cases you might
units. A more convenient and compact want t o read kHz but not individual
precision, direct-reading variable resis- Hz; in other cases you may want t o read
tance may be easily assembled using the kHz or Hz but not MHz.
ten-turn potentiometers and dials now One way to obtain a readout when
available on the surplus market. Pots with needed, without providing more Nixie
accuracies of 1% and 0.1% linearity are tubes and associated storing and decoding
available - which is more than adequate circuitry, is to switch the indicating
for most applications. system from one part of the counter to
Potentiometer values in multiples of another so all digits can be read when
ten are used so that the selected resis- required. This can be accomplished by
tance value may be read directly from the switching half as many indicators as the
10-turn dial by adding the proper number available total of digits counted, or by
of zeros. Several potentiometer/dial units having just one digital indicator which is
may be assembled in the form of the switched from one digit t o another. A
usual decade box.
The versatility of this arrangement
may be expanded by bringing all three

LfF-
FLIP-F

potentiometer terminals to binding posts

on the front panel. With three binding
posts continuously variable voltage
dividers of accurately known ratio are
conveniently available to the experi-
menter.
Gene Brizendir~e,W4ATE
fig. 1. Using dual-input gates a readout can be
switched to the Q output of either flip-flop to
'K. Macleish, WlEO, "A Frequency Counter for reduce cost. I f the gates do not permit tying
the Amateur Station," QST, October, 1970, the outputs together, use steering diodes or a
page 15. third gate.
rotary switch, with four double-throw out t o do the job at little cost, some
contacts per decade, will do the job. other simplifications appear possible. One
Digital logic handbooks often show a possibility i s the elimination of one gate
"data selector" circuit using a gate in on the output of the tail-end flip-flops,
each data stream with provision for ap- turning these off by other means.
plying a signal t o select which data stream RTL and D T L flip-flops usually have
their Q outputs connected t o transistor
collectors; the collectors are connected to
+Vcc through a resistor. Shorting the
output of these circuits may overheat the
resistor (although it can be replaced
externally t o the IC. Putting +Vcc on the
Q outputs can result in too much col-
lector voltage on the transistors.
One simplification which I have not
tried i s shown in fig. 3. Diode CR1 forms
a one-input gate when FF2, in an earlier
position in the counter, is connected to
the readout by the switch placing +Vcc
fig. 2. A N D gates consisting of two diodes and a on the resistor. Whenever FF2 is high
resistor can perform the switching between Q
there is little voltage drop across R, so the
outputs, b u t require steering diodes C R 5 and
CR6.
high passes through steering diode CR3 to

appears at the output. Fig. 1 shows one

way t o do this when the gate design
permits output ORing. It uses a dual- LATE IN
WNTER
input gate for each flip-flop output, or
four gates per decade. Four more gates
may be needed for the alternate decade
which might be switched t o the readout.
A single toggle switch i s sufficient for all
gates.
Since no operation is required of the
later flip-flops when the earlier ones are fig. 3. Simplified diode switching of
connected to the readout equipment, half readout when flip-flop 2 is earlier in
the gates can be eliminated. This can be the counter string than flip-flop 1.
done by providing preset or clear signals
or removing the B+ from the later flip- the readout equipment. When FF2 is low
flops which are not to operate the digital the voltage from R goes into the flip-flop,
readout indicator. I f direct intercon- creating a low input to the readout
nection of flip-flop outputs causes a equipment. The other switch position
problem, steering diodes can be inserted. puts +Vcc on F F I and other tail-end
Surplus diodes and a few resistors can flip-flops to be read out. This allows these
perform the gate functions if a steering flip-flops to operate, feeding the F F I Q
diode is included between the gate and output through steering diode CR2 t o the
the digital readout. This diode prevents readout equipment. Diode CR2 prevents
the two interconnected gates from oper- the voltage across the resistors from
ating as a single gate. Again, a single feeding back into the Q output of F F I
toggle switch is sufficient for all gates when F F I is turned off by the switch.
involved in the readout switching (see fig. CR2 may not be necessary if the voltage
2). on the Q output is not harmful when F F I
I n addition to other types of diode has no +Vcc supply.
switching that probably can be worked Bill Conklin, KGKA

june 1971 aJ 67
 ORIGINAL CIRCUIT MODIFIED CIRCUIT
RECEIVER OSCIL LIITGUS TRANSMITTER OSCILLATORS RECEIVER 0SCILLATOI)S lRANSMITTER OSCILLATORS

W N N E L YLECTOI)
SWITCH

fig. 4. Method for increasing channel coverage In a typical f m oscillator clrcuit. Steering diodes, 6,
allow an extra transmit receive channel.

spline. The washer must have a hole large

three channels from two enough to pass the collar on the spline on
Many of the common fm mobiles are the vfo shaft (see fig. 5); otherwise the
equipped for two-channel operation. knob will not fit. The added washer fills
However, with the different frequency up the space between the spline and the
combinations in repeaters using simplex, inside of the knob, applying an outward
it might be necessary to transmit on force on the knob that keeps it from
channel B and receive on channel A (or wobbling. With just the right washer
vice versa). This can be accomplished thickness, and an even coating of silicone
easily with the addition of steering diodes grease on both sides, the action i s "silky"
(fig. 4). All you'll need are four diodes smooth. If the washer is too thick, the
capable of carrying the current of the knob will either not go on, or tuning will
circuit and a single-pole, triple-throw be very stiff. Several very thin washers
switch. This system has been used in may be needed to get the right feel.
commercial applications for a private A l Lightstone, VESEPY
mobile system in this area.
The circuit shown in fig. 4B provides
two simplex channels with a modified
two-channel set. The idea for this applica-
tion is from VE7BDY, to whom I'd like
to express my thanks.
Vern Epp, VE7ABK
ADDED WASHER

loose HWlOO tuning

knob
Many buildersfind that the main tuning
knob on the HW100 is loose even though
the dial mechanism is properly assembled
and working well. The remedy is very FLEXl8LE SPLINE
simple.
Remove the tuning knob and place a fig. 5. Remedy for loose tuning knob on
washer on the end surface of the flexible the HW100.

68 june 1971
.
0 CRYSTAL OVEN: Maintalnt 2 type
.:.
.
NATIONAL T M W W , 300 pf. HC6/& c stals a t 65'C. Requ~res
6.3 volts %r heater. ..............................
$2.50
• transmitting capacitor. .07"
• spacing. ........... ......$6.95 .
.

.
rn
rn
6.3 VAC @ 2A fil. xfmr. (115 VAC)
833/833A tube socket. Johnson #212. ......$12.95
HAMMARLUND 140 pf. MC 140M variable capa-
..................$1.95

citor. ....................................................................................... $1.75

SPRAGUE 800R 120W non-inductive ..................
DRAKE ML-2F FM MOBILE/BASE ..................$329.95
$1.95
rn
:
:
..
T.M.C. RF SWITCH.% SW-206. ............................ 53.95 DRAKE TR-22 FM PORTABLE/BASE ............ $199.95
SRA-15 DELUXE KW ANTENNA COUPLER "Rolls.
DYCOMM "Block Booster" FM (2 mtr) a m lifier Royce" qual~ty. ...............................................
$95.00
50 watt output. ............................................. b.95
DYCOMM "Brick Booster" 2 meter FM a m lifier
12 watt output. .................................................... g69.96 TRANSCO SP4T SWITCH carries :
3 0 AMP filament choke.
2KW PEP @ 30MHz. Good t o 3000
MHz. New, Sealed. ..............$17.50 :
COLLINS MECHANICAL FILTER, Type F250A-67,
$8.90 Orig. cost approx. $300. each.

.
-

..
Center frequency 250kc Bandwidth -6db is
6.7kc +SoA. Bandwidth ' ( a 60db is 14kc. Re- rn
sonating ca'pac~ty 110 mmid., Slg. input voltage VS-2 VACUUM RELAY. Easily
from 0 t o 5v RMS, DC voltage 300 volt m a n - Switches 2KW. Coil: 24VDC.
mum. Signal source Impedance 50kc. Load Im- $9.95
pedance 5 0 K Ohms. ....................................$9.75 -
m

DYNAMIC MICROPHONE DESK/HAND SET. 28" ElMAC AIR-SYSTEM SOCKET. For 4-125A, 4-250A rn
Shielded Mike Cable terminates in an angle and 4-400A. and s i m ~ l a r tubes. Supplied w ~ t h
type PL55 Phone Plug. Microphone quickly screws and c h ~ m n e yhardware. Mfd. by Eimac.
removes from base. Attractive Beige Color. Type No 4-400A/4000 (SK400). (Reg. prlce
$31 50) Spec~al. $14.95. for Socket
(Reg. net $12.95). Mike and Base Only $4.95
SK-406 Chimney (Reg. Stock) at $6.50 each :
JOHNSON 4CX250B AIR SYSTEM SOCKET $8.50 f

:
..
• --.
230 VAC 3 fl prima, 1750
VAC @ 2.5 amp per leg output.
$190.00 fob
4 GANG 250 pf. per section loadlng capacitor.
$3.95
8873, 8874 o r 8875 NEW ElMAC ...................s37.00
I N STOCK, 6 separate single band linears, high
power, home built, excellent cond. Call o r write.
*-
:
I
TEN-TEC SQUEEZE-KEYER KR5. ................ $34.95 :
B&W/Waters TPC.120 Transistor Power Supply.
1 30LI COLLINS Linear. ............................MINT $395.00 120 w a t t (12 V, 500/250/660 volts out a t
: RECTIFIER. Tested at 6000 120 Watt total. Brand new. (2 Ibs.) Reg. $57.80
Sale $39.95
' volts and 1 Amp. (4 separate rectifiers mounted
on Nylon card.) 2 oz. .......................... .Sale $4.95 WATERS MODEL 34.6 Nwerter. 2 & 6 M VHF
converter. New. Orlg. 5175.00 net. Sale $80.00
SILICON DIODES 1000 PIV @ 1.2 A. . . . . . -356 4f, sq. PM 4R, watts, new 901,
(ten for $3.00; 100 for $25.00)
10 for $8.00
COLLINS CHOKES: 4 Hy @ 500 Ma. 2.5 KV a t RCA 1000.000 Khz CRYSTAL .......... Only $3.50
9.95; 12 Hy @ 500 Ma. 12 KV at $9.95
-
COLLINS 75A1 Receiver, 10-160 Meters $210.00
WESTINGHOUSE OIL CAPACITORS - 4 Mfd @
10.000 Volts at ....................................... $19.95 COLLINS - 32\12 Xmtr. 10.160 Meters ....... $195.00
TMC -GPR-90 RDX w/TMC GSB-1 -
(a $2000.
net value) ................................$695 combination
HP-4155 SWR METER, good .......................@ $89.95
HP-5214L PRESET COUNTER. xlnt ......... @ $595.00
JENNlNGS UCS-300 VACUUM VARIABLE CAPA- - --
CITOR. Capac~ty range: tunes from a min. of CASH PAID . . . FAST! For your unused TUBES.
10 pf. to a max. of 300 pf. Units are unused. Semiconductors. RECEIVERS, VAC. VARIABLES.
"mint" condition. Lab-tested and certified O.K. Test Eauipment. ETC. Write or call Now! Barry.
i n Aug. 1970. Without turning head at . $50.00 WZLNI. We Buv!
With turning head at .....................................$66.75 We ship all over the World. DX Hams only. See
Barry for the new Alpha TO. (See front inside
HP-492A TWT AMPLIFIER. 4-8 GHZ @ $125.00 cover of this magazine.)
Send 356 for 104 page catalog #20.
HP-43OCR BOLOMETER BRIDGE. good D $89.95
BARRY ELECTRONICS

.............................
-
HP-200AB AUDIO OSCILLATOR ........... C $120.00 DEPT. H-6 PHONE A/C 212-925-7000
HP-X8lOB SLOTTED SECTION. good ......@$39.95 512 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. N. Y. 10012

M o r e Details? C H E C K - O F F Page 94 june 1971 69

 for local use as a transceiver so repeater
may be used as a mobile or base-station
transceiver. G uaranteed transmitter
power output is 12 watts; typical output
is 15 watts.
Useable Echo I1 receiver sensitivity is
0.2 pV; sensitivity for 20 dB quieting is
typically 0.4 pV. Desensitization is less
than 0.25 pV with 200-kHz channel
spacing (no cavities). With 300-kHz chan-
nel spacing desensitization is negligible.
Current consumption on receive, 40 mA;
on transmit, 1.5 ampere. Inter-modula-
tion interference, 70 dB minimum;
dycomm solid-state spurious response attenuated more than
fm repeater 60 dB.
The repeater may be controlled with
positive power up/down, timer, tone-
burst entry, audio identification, etc. The
Echo 11 is priced at $700 and includes
two 6dB antennas. For more information
write to Dynamic Communications, Inc.,
Post Office Box 10116, Riviera Beach,
Florida 33404, or use check-off on page
94.
. . -,., .-..". . - . . .
The new Dycomm Echo 11 is the first
corn mercially available repeater for rf detectors
amateur radio use. It is completely solid
state, uses no relays, is ultra stable,
portable and FCC type accepted. The
Echo 11 is designed to withstand the most
severe environment, features 12 to 15
Vdc operation, multiple channel opera-
tion and comes equipped with full input/
output option capability.
The Echo I 1 transmitter will operate
into an open or short circuit or any other The new Radiation Devices CRD-2
mismatch. Input and output impedances coaxial detectors provide an economical
are 50 ohms; connectors are type-N means for rf demodulation and voltage
UG-58/U (mate with UG-1185/U). The measurement or monitoring over the fre-
unit has built-in carrier-operated relay, quency range from 1 to 1000 MHz. Units
metering terminations for rf output, are available with or without terminating
limiter current and discriminator output. resistors. Either point-contact or hot-
The second optional frequencies may be carrier diodes may be specified, with
remotely selected (by terminal connec- positive or negative output polarity. Fre-
tion) for either transmit, receive or both. quency response is within 0.5 dB to 500
Local/remote-control point is provided MHz; k1.0 dB to 1000 MHz. Rectifica-

M o r e Details? CHECK-OFF Page 94

tion efficiency is greater than 65%; maxi- Receiver spurious rejection is 60 dB or
mum input voltage, 3 volts rms with greater. Selectivity i s k7.5 kHz at 6 dB
point-contact diodes, or 25 volts rms with down; +15 kHz maximum at 60dB
hot-carrier diodes. Lower frequency limit down.
may be extended by addition of capacitor Nominal supply voltage is 13.6 volts
to internal terminals. Furnished with dc, negative ground. Current drain on
BNC or type-N input connector. Priced receive is 400 mA; standby, 1.2 amps;
from $20 to $25, depending on options. transmit, 10 amps. An optional matching
For more information write to Radiation ac power supply is available. The Glad-
Devices Company, Post Office Box 8450, ding 25 comes complete with mounting
Baltimore, Maryland 21234, or use cradle and push-to-talk handset. Price,
check-off on page 94. $249.95; accessory ac power supply,
$69.95. Special combination price, tran-
sceiver and ac power supply, $299.95.
For more information write to Pearce-
two-meter Simpson, Division of Gladding Corpora-
f m transceiver tion, Post Office Box 800, Biscayne
Annex, Miami, Florida 33152, or use
check-off on page 94.

mobile antenna system

The Mosely Rode-Master is an all new
amateur mobile antenna system that
offers many significant money-saving op-
tions. The antenna covers 6, 10, 15, 40
and 75 or 80 meters with an adjustable
The new Gladding 25 two-meter fm vswr of 1.5: 1 or better at any given
transceiver features 6-channels with frequency on each band. The Rode-
25-watts output. Designed and built by Master features interchangeable coils for
Pearce-Simpson,the world's largest manu- 10, 15, 20, 40 and 75180 meters, and is
facturer of marine communications power rated for 400 watts PEP ssb (200
equipment, the Gladding 25 fills the watts a-m). The DX matching network is
requirement for the amateur who wants the reason Mosley can guarantee an ad-
high power and multichannel fm capa- justable vswr - the network is simple to
bility. Crystals are factory-installed for install and operate the provides fine
146.341146.94 and 146.941146.94 MHz. tuning on 20.40 and 75180 meters.
The solid-state receiver uses an fet The upper mast section of the Rode-
front end and integrated-circuit i-f strip. Master antenna doubles as a 6-meter
An 8-pole crystal filter provides superior whip, adjustable for the entire band. The
selectivity. The transmitter is all solid telescoped whip-lock device permits pre-
state except for the driver and power cision tuning with little more than finger-
output stages; power output is 25 watts tip pressure. The antenna may be either
in the high position, 1 watt in the low bumper or trunk mounted, and includes
position. Output is ?5 kHz phase modula- break-over (hinge) for garaging or low
tion with automatic deviation limiting. overhangs. The antenna rotates 360' in
Harmonic and spurious emission is more the break-over position; this is convenient
than 60-dB down. for coil insertion, antenna adjustments,
Receiver sensitivity of the Gladding 25 etc. For more information, write to
is 0.5 p V . Squelch is adjustable, 0.4 pV or Mosley Electronics Inc., 4610 North
less for 80% rated audio output. Audio Lindbergh Boulevard, Bridgeton, Missouri
power output is 2 watts (10% distortion). 63044, or use check-off on page 94.

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 94

 fm repeater identifier

Curtis Electro Devices has announced

a completely solid-state f m repeater iden-
tifier designed t o provide low cost, reli-
able call-letter identification in accord-
ance with FCC regulations. The new unit,
the ID-401, provides an audio tone out-
put in the form of a Morse code identifi-
cation (such as DE W l D T Y ) in addition
t o carrier keying. Identification is trans-

1 A New Magazine !
Not really. New in the U.S.A. perhaps,
mitted initially on repeater activation and
subsequently every three minutes as long
as the repeater is being used. A final
identification is transmitted after repeater
but very well known in Great Britain and activity ceases. Contact closure i n the
now being offered to you here. repeater control circuitry initiates identi-
fication.
RADIO CONSTRUCTOR is almost exclu- Relay contacts are provided t o key the
sively construction material. Clearly writ- repeater carrier when necessary. Provision
ten, concise articles give you full details is also made t o transmit a continuous
on: audio tone on command, and an audible
Audio Construction Projects monitor may be switched on for conveni-
Receiver Construction Projects ence i n set-up. A cw output mode is
Transmitter Construction Projects available for direct keying of transmitters
used i n vhf aurora and meteor scatter
Test Equipment Projects
work and similar applications requiring
Radio Control Projects
periodic identification.
... and much more The mmpact unit, which uses 12
Try a subscription to this interesting complex integrated circuits, is completely
magazine, we are sure that you will not enclosed in a heavy metal case and
be disappointed. requires 700 mA from a - 12 to - 2 4 Vdc
supply. Code speed, interval length and
- $6.50
I ONE YEAR SUBSCRIPTION
Write
tone pitch and volume are adjustable.
Operating temperature range is -40" F t o
RADIO CONSTRUCTOR +140° F.
Greenville, N. H. 03048 Code speed range of the ID-401 is 5 t o

I Name .............................................................................
50 words per minute; interval time range
is 1% t o 7 minutes. The capacity of the
1 Address .............................................................................
memory is 127 bits (one dot or one
space = 1 bit). The unit has a built-in
City ......................................... State ........................ monitor speaker, and audio output of 0.5
volts p-p, 400 t o 1500 Hz; the internal
keying relay is rated at 2 amps, 500 volts,

72 june 1971 M o r e Details? CHECK-OFF Page 94

100 volt-amperes.
Price is $129.95, FOB Mountain View,
California for the complete unit including
a custom programmed memory. For more
CRYSTAL FILTERS
information, write Curtis Electro Devices, AND DISCRIMINATORS
Box 4090, Mountain View, California by KVG of West Germany
94040, or use check-off on page 94.

@ #
v
motorola mosfets

9.0 MHz FILTERS

#
XF 9A 2.5 kHz $21.95
XF 9B 2.4 kHz $30.25
XF 9C 3.75 kHz $32.45
XF 9D 5.0 kHz $32.45
XF 9E 12.0 kHz $32.45
XF 9M 0.5 kHz $23.00
XLlOM 0.5 kHz $ 59.95

10.7 MHz FILTERS

XF 107A 14 kHz $30.25
XF 1078 16 kHz $30.25
XF 107C 32 kHz $30.25
Three new dual-gate mosfets furnish XF 107D 38 kHz $30.25
low-cost high-performance amplifier1
9.0 MHz DISCRIMINATORS
mixer applications in communications XD9-01 + 1.5 kHz $16.95
equipment, i-f strips and demodulators. XD9.02 5 3.0 kHz $16.95
The MPF120-122 are 50-cent range, XD9-03 + 8.0 kHz $16.95
plastic flat-pack cased devices with effi- 10.7 MHz DISCRIMINATORS
cient agc control, low cross-modulation XD107-01 + 10 kHz $ 14.95
distortion, low feedback capacitance and XD107-02 1?: 20 kHz $14.95
high power gain plus gate diode protec- HC6/U CRYSTALS
tion. The MPF120 is an rf amplifier to XF 900 9000.0 kHz $2.75
105 MHz with two separate channels. It XF 901 8998.5 kHz $2.75
XF 902 9001.5 kHz $2.75
provides excellent agc action, and a Zener XF 903 8999.0 kHz $2.75
diode across the gate that shunts out
ALSO:
voltage transients, adds reliability and
stability. DUAL GATE MOSFET CONVERTER
The MPF 121 is a vhf amplifier to 200 FOR TWO METERS
MHz. The MPF122 mixes rf with guaran-
teed frequencies of 104 and 244 MHz
(optimum IDSS).The new series of
mosfets uses Motorola-developed silicon
nitride passivation that ensures long-term N o s e figure 2 F xcellent cross niodulation a n d
stability under high-temperature and re- Image rejection (116 MHz xtal osc~llator.) IF
28.30 M H z A l l ~ n d u c t o r ss h ~ e l d e d
verse bias conditions. Cross-mod for any
Model DGTC 22 $35.00
of the devices is 1% (typical) with 100
mV of unwanted signal.
For more information, write to
Motorola Semiconductor Products, Inc.,
Post Office Box 20912, Phoenix, Arizona
85036, or use check-off on page 94.

More D e t a i l s ? C H E C K - O F F Page 94
si SPECTRUM
INTERNATIONAL
BOX 87 TOPSFIELD
MASSACHUSETTS 01983

june 1971 73
A
600R RECEIVER 24 mc. and 24 to 30 mc. greatly enhances both phone and CW TUNING: Internal VFO system IS identical
SPECIFICATIONS: Reception outslde the normal VFO range reception. to that used In the 600R.
of the receiver requires an external oscll- I.F. NOISE BLANKER: (optional) Installs POWER RATING: 600 watts P.E.P. with a
SSB, AM. CW superheterociyne receiver. lator which can be the Swan 51 OX crystal lnstde 600R. Extremely effective in Sup- palr of 6KD6 power tubes. 500 watts CW,
FREQUENCY RANGE with built-in tun- controlled oscillator, or the Model 330 pressing impulse noises such as auto 150 watts AM, 100 watts contlnuous
Ing system: general coverage tuner. Either of these ignlt~oninterference. RTP(/SSTV.
3.4 lo 4.4mc. 6.7 to 7.7mc, 13.8 to external osc~llatorsplugs directly into the EXCLUSIVE SINGLE CONVERSION Pi-Network output
14.8mc. 20.9 to 21.9mc. 27.5 to 30mc. 600R. DESIGN: with fewer spurious responses for 50 or 75 ohm
Wlth external tuner, Model 330 General Image rejection is a minimum of 55 db at than multi-conversion designs. coax.
coverage from 3 to 30mc 30 mc, Increasing to better than 75 db HYBRID DESIGN: 7 tubes. 8 transistors. Suppression: Car-
With external crystal osc~llator. Model at 3 mc. MIU 12 diodes. Transls- rier 60 db down.
51 OX 3 to 24mc. 10 crystal posltlons I.F. SELECTIVITY: Swan's standard crys- I4.Z tors used where unwanted side-
These external osc~llators plug dlrectly tal lattice filter with 2.7 kc bandwldth, 1.7 they provide defi- band 50 db, third
Into the 600R shape factor, and ultimate rejection in nite advantage. order distortion
TUNING SYSTEM: The lower bands, 80 approx. 30 db.

m.m
excess of 100 db makes the 600R's se- Tubes used where
through 15 meters, lectlvity superior to any other product~on they still provide I Audlo response:
are covered ln 200 receiver on the market. superior perform- i 3 db from 300 to 3000 cycles.
. - kc segments 10
meters IS covered
ith installation of
he optional 1 6
ance.
FULLY COMPAT-
CW Keying: Grid block, full break-in sys-
tem. Includes sidetone to receiver.
@ @ pole crystal lattice 1 IBLE WITH 600T: INTERNAL POWER SUPPLY for 117
--- ments
In 500100kckc seg-
and
25 kc crystal caC
lbrator markers
filter (SS-16B), the
600R offers selec-
tlvlty that far ex-
provlding for transceiver operation as
well as separate frequency control. Also
CW sldetone and genulne CW break-in
volts. 50-60 cycles.
DIMENSIONS: 15" wide x 6%" high x
12" deep. Welght: 32 Ibs. $495.
f.9 provlde for h~ghly ceeds any receiver, operation.
accurate frequen-
cy readout on a large, easy to Interpret
at any price, any-
where! Selectivity
BUILT-IN AC POWER SUPPLY: for 117
volts. 50-60 cycles.
(ACCESSORIES:
STANDARD SPEAKER
I
dlal then becomes truly DIMENSIONS: 15" wide x 6%" high X Has tone swltch and
Ultra smooth vernler tunlng w ~ t hlarge incredible, with a shape factor of 1.28 12" deep. Weight: 23 Ibs. headphone jack ............................ $18.
knobs glves you the incomparable feel of and ultlmate rejection exceeding 140 db. DELUXE SPEAKER (illustrated)
a Swan tunlng system 600R with standard 2.7 kc crystal
Two add~tlonalcrystal lattice filter options lattice filter, less speaker . . . . . . . . . . . .$395. Includes Swan phone patch, tone switch
SENSITIVITY: Superlor front end deslgn are available: One is a narrow band CW and headphone jack ...................$59.
glves you 1 / 4 m~crovoltsensltlvlty for filter, the other is a broad band AM filter. 600R Custom with SS-16B super
selective filter, I.F.Noise Blanker, and IC I.F. NOISE BLANKER
10 db slgnal plus nose to nose ratlo at There are provisions in the 600R for the Installs ~nternallyin 600R .............. $79'
50 ohms Input Impedance At the same installation of up to 3 filters, with front Audio Filter factory installed. Less
speaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $560.
.. IC AUDIO FILTER
tlme, front end overload, cross modula- panel selection. Installs internally in 600R .............. $44.
tlon. Image, and spurlous responses A.F. SELECTIVITY: Audio response of OPTIONAL CRYSTAL LATTICE
have been reduced to "state-of-the-art" the 600R IS 300 to 3000 cycles. + 3 db, I 600T TRANSMITTER 1
mlnlmums
R.F. SELECTIVITY: Antenna tunlng clr-
with 3 watts output to a 4 ohm external
speaker. Headphone jack is provided
I SPECIFICATIONS: I I.F. FILTERS
600 cycle bandwidth CW Filter...... S20.
6 kc bandwidth AM Filter .............. $22.
cu~tryIn the 600R front-end provldes with the speaker accessory unit. FREQUENCY RANGE: Full coverage of
10. 15, 20. 40 and 80 meters. Extended SS-16B Super Selective 16 pole .... $75.
contlnuous coverage from 3 to 30 mc An optional IC Audio Filter accessory is
Thls IS accompllshed In 5 frequency available for installation In the 600R. It frequency coverage for MARS operation PLUG-IN VOX FOR 600T,
ranges selected by the band swltch 3 to provldes a cholce of either notching or wlth plug-in crystal oscillator accessory. Model VX-2 .................................. $29.
5 5 m c , 5 5 t o l o m c , 10 to16mc. 1 6 t o peaklng a selected audio frequency, and Model 51OX. SWAN DESK MIKE Model 444 ..... $25'
 fet vom

I PIV
TOP-HAT EPOXY
1.5 AMP 1.5 AMP
STUD-
EPOXY MOUNT
3 AMP 6 AMP

CAPACITORS
ALL NEW FbLL AXIAL LEADS

3
5
1 M f d @ 25 Volts
Mfd @
Mfd @
6 Volts
15 Volts
55 :: f::E
5 for $1.00
10 Mfd @ 6 Volts 5 for $1.00
30 Mfd B 15 Volts 5 for $1.00
80 Mfd @ 2.5 Volts 5 for $1.00
100 Mfd @ 15 Volts 5 for $1.00
250 Mfd O 30 Volts 3 for $1.00
500 Mfd @ 25 Volts 3 for $1.00
500 Mfd @ 50 Volts 40 ea.
1000 Mfd @ 12 Volts 3 for $1.00
1500 Mfd @ 25 Volts 2 for 1.00
I 3000 Mfd @ 16 Volts 2 for $1.00

The Triplett model 310-FET vom is an

all solid-state instrument that features
10-megohm input impedance. The bat-
6 Foot Qray Line Cord. U L Apprwad. Very tery-operated unit has a single selector
nice. 40C em. p p d
switch and provision for attaching an ac
clamp-on adapter. It has high sensitivity
of 300 mV dc full scale for transistor bias
measurements, and resistance measure-
CDE TYPE WMF MYLAR CAPACITORS
ALL 100 VOLTS ments to 500 megohms. Open-circuit
.033 M f d @ 100 V 8 t ea o r 14 for 1.00 voltage is 1.5 volts on all ranges; maxi-
.22 M f d @ 100 V 1Oe ea or 12 for $1.00
1.0 M f d @ 100 V 25e ea o r 5 for Sl.00 mum short-circuit current is 30 mA.
Accuracy is 3% of full scale on dc, 4% of

1-
AMERICAN MADE
CERAMIC DISC CAPACITORS full scale on ac, and 3% of dc arc on
YOUR CHOICE 20 for $1.00
ohms. The meter has a zero-center mark
for null measurements, and a polarity-
.001
.005
.O1 Mfd
M f d (;3
@ 1400
1000 V
V
reversing switch for dc and ohms. Sixteen
DIPPED CAPACITORS ranges include dc current to 1.2 mA, dc
ALL 200 VOLTS
YOUR CHOICE 20 for $1.00 voltage to 600 volts, ac voltage to 600
.033 M f d C 200 V volts and ohms to 50 megohms (center
.02 Mfd O 200 V
.22 M f d (@ 20 V scale). Price is $74.00 complete with
TI IN914 Diode 16 for $.DO ppd. leads, instruction manual and batteries
-
IN4007 Diodes 28e ea. ppd. from Triplett Corporation, Bluffton,
Unmarked Germanimn diodes simiiar t o 1N34. Ohio 45817, or usecheck-off on page 94.
25 for si.00;
100 for $3.00
2N3055 Transistor $1.50 ea or 3 for $4.00 ppd.

SEND STAMP FOR BARGAIN LIST

multi-tone
Pa. Residents add 6% State sales tax
ALL ITEMS PPD. USA
repeater panel
Alpha Electronic Services has intro-
M. WEINSCHENKER K3DPJ
BOX 353 . IRWIN, Pa. 15642 duced a new, smaller 10-tone repeater
control panel, the RCP-760. This unit is

76 Q june 1971 M o r e Details? CHECK-OFF Page 94

especially designed for two-way radio
repeater or shared repeater systems, INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
FACTORY FRESH - NO REJECTS
where the high reliability of solid-state
circuitry is required at low cost. The
RCP-760 will respond to the receipt of W/SPEC. SHEETS
any of up t o ten tone frequencies by
keying and modulating the transmitter
FAIRCHILD - PHILCO - RCA
with regenerated received tone. The de- MOTOROLA - NATIONAL
sired tone frequencies are determined by
merely plugging in circuit board modules; NEW LOW PRICES
up t o twenty combinations can be
achieved by the addition of the RTL or TTL LOGIC
RCP-769-1 accessory panel. UL 900 Buffer 804 10/5.50
When ordered with at least one set of UL 914 Gate 804 l0/5.50
UL 923 JK Flip-flop $1.50 10/8.50
tone modules, the RCP-760 comes com- MC 790P Dual JK Flip-flop $2.00 10/18.95
plete and ready t o install. Built-in voltage MC 890P Dual JK Flip-flop $2.00 10/18.95
regulation allows efficient operation over
a wide range of input voltages (normal
12.6 Vdc). Dimensions are only 3-112
high, 3-314" deep, on a 19" panel. A
MC
MC
MC
789P Hex Inverter
724P Quad 2 lnput Gate
799P Dual Buffar
* * *
I $1.00 ar.
10/9.25

117-Vac Power supply is available. 7400 Quad 2 lnput NAND Gate 65# 10/5.95
7404 Hex Inverter 65g 10/5.95
For more information, write t o Alpha 7441A Decimal Decoder/Driver
Electronic Services Inc., 8431 Monroe $3.50 10/29.95
7473 Dual JK Flip-flop $1.30 10/10.95
Avenue, Stanton, California 90680, or 7475 Quad Latch $2.10 10/19.95
use check-off on page 94. 7490 Decade Counter $2.40 10/19.95
709 Op Amp $1.75 10/16.50
741 Op Amp $2.70 10/25.00
CA 3035 Linear Amplifier $2.25 10/21.95
14 Pin Dual lnline socket terminals
25C 10/2.25
communications ic 16 Pin Dual lnline socket terminals
30& 10/2.75
National Semiconductor has started * * *
production of an integrated circuit which NEW NATIONAL Lon Life Nixle tubas N L
940s 0-9 w ~ t htwo iecimal points
may qualify as a general-purpose com- $4.50 ea. 10/42.95
munications subsystem. The LM373, SOCKET for N L 940s 506 each
100 KC CRYSTAL NEW $3.95
designed for a-m, f m and ssb applications, Western U n ~ o n facsimile machines, send
contains two amplifier sections (four and receive pictures and memos. Works
gainllimiters), a gain-control stage, fully on 115 v 60 cycles. Shipped with auto-
start, auto-phase pos-to-pos, conversion
balanced f m and ssb detector, and an instructions. 2 0 Ibs. $19.95
active a-mlssb peak detector whose
* * *
output matches the agc input charac-
teristics. The bandpass characteristics can 88 MH TOROIDS 1013.00
be shaped from audio t o 15 MHz with a
single external filter - crystal, ceramic, DOOR KNOB CAPACITORS
mechanical of LC. A n LC tuned quadra- 600 PF - 12 KV 75~'
4 0 PF - 5 KV 50t
ture circuit gives 80-mV audio output for 50 PF - 7.5 KV oe
75 kHz deviation at 10.7 MHz in a typical * * *

p
J
wideband f m application. I n a-m opera-
tion typical sensitivity is 5 microvolts for R & R ELECTRONICS
10 dB signal and noise. Price is $4.85 311 EAST SOUTH ST.
each in small quantities. For sales infor- INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
46225
mation, write t o National Semiconductor
Corporation, 2975 San Ysidro Way, Santa
$5.00 mlnlmum order. FOB Indtanapolls
Clara, California 95051.

More D e t a i l s ? CHECK-OFF Page 94 june 1971 rn 77

 mosley two-meter
1 June is antenna 1 antenna
[ and tower month.
I
1:
I
1
HY-GAIN
ANTENNA SPECIALISTS
CUSHCRAFT
81 NEW-TRONICS ANTENNAS
CDE and
HY-GAIN ROTATORS
ROHN TOWER

I
See or write us for your needs.

The midwest's newest

communications center. The new omni-direction vertically-
polarized Diplomat 2 antenna from
COMMUNICATIONS WORLD, INC. Mosley features low angle of radiation for
4788 STATE ROAD maximum coverage. Gain is specified at
CLEVELAND, OHIO 44109 3.4 dB as compared t o a %-wave ground
(216) 398-6363 plane, and vswr is 1.5: 1 or better. Input
impedance is 52 ohms. The vertical
element is made from high tensile
strength aluminum; the base is high-
AT ELASCETdd impact polystyrene. The Diplomat 2 is
)9 SP'ECH TOMPR~<5UY?mr rated at 1 kW a-m or cw, 2 kW PEP ssb
REALLY WORKS ! (input t o the final amplifier). The base
mounting fits up to a 1%-inch mast. The
Diplomat 2 is available at your dealer for
$10.58; similar antennas for six and ten
meters, the Diplomat 6 and Diplomat 70,
are $21.75 and $29.30 respectively. For
RPC-3M MODULE more information, use check-off on page
(ONLY $22 50)
94, or write t o Mosley Electronics, Inc..
I [.OW DISTORTION
CIRCUIT
FUI-LY W I R E D A
RPC-3C CABINET
- MODEL I 4610 North Lindbergh Boulevard, Bridge-
ton, Missouri 63042.
TI-STF.1) NO1 A KIT
WORKS WITH
I'IlONl: I'Al C H
INTFRNAL UNITS new fcc form
R MOIIULt S \\'ORK
MORILE \ . Effective July 1, 1971, the Federal
FU1.L W A R R A N T Y Communications Commission will accept
-ONE YEAR
INTRODUCTORY for filing only editionsof FCC Form 610,
L O W PKlCfiS RPC.3.3U INTERNAL UNIT
( Illino~rre'iidenl'i ; ~ d d ($24.95) Application for Individual Amateur
5 % Salcs Tax) Radio Station and/or Operator License,
Write for specifications
dated July, 1970 or later. These forms are
(free) currently available. No applications on
BOX 1 2 0 1 H
I)crnonslrntion Tape (cas- FCC 610 forms dated before July, 1970
scllc) available ($2.00 de- ILL.
posit) 61820 will be accepted for filing after July 1,
1971.

78 june 1971
 NIXIE READ OUT STAGE
"NEW TTL L O G I C "
4 I

AT A
I
t LOW
r
I

.I LOW 3
J

I
PRICE READ OUT STAGE
SPECIFICATIONS

NL 940s Read Out Tube

$12~~
KITS ARE PURCHASED
belo*
$,I rl~ll~r
w ~ t htwo lor
supplted dectmal
equ~valentl
polnts
* 2 x 3 etched and dr~lled
glass epoxy pr~nted c ~ r c u ~ t
board
"
1
AS LISTED Accepts 10 pln PC board
connector
Voltage requ~rements 5 volts
OC 80 ma for ~ntegrated
NL 940s nixie
NL 9401 tube
7490 Decade
a.,d
so<beI
out lube
c rcults 170 to 300 volts
DC a1 2 ma for the read
out tube
,
7441 Deroder driver
NX 101 3111 INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
7490 Decade suppltes a BCD 8

I E1.h.d a n d D r i l h d gl-s. epoxy P C . board code output

7475 Quadlatch stores the
NX100-Q SAME AS N X 100
count wh le the decade IS
WITH ADDITIONAL QUADLATCH re countlng not used In
, READ OUT d ~ g ~ l aclocks
l (when quad ;'
latch IS not used jumpers
1,
PI1 940s n ~ x l eread
out tube
STAGE are requtred)
7441 Decoder Drtver converts
NL 940s lube sochlt :
the BCD code to ten d~fferent
7490 Dcclda
7441 Da.adar/dr,rar
tlrhrd 6 Dralld II em.? PC bolrd
TL LOGIC st~nals needed to dr~ve the
read out tube
1
7 a l r > Quid Lnlth
2 I 6 Pan I C swhal .sscmbly
I 1 % Ptn locket oslcmbl~ BY INTERCHANGING
10 ptn PC b a r d racket ALL BOARDS O F 3 JUMPERS THE
PLEASE ORDER BY DIVIDE BY 10 PC BOARD IS
ADAPTABLE T O
1 KIT NUMBER OR DIVIDE B Y 6 O R
1 DIVIDE BY 6 DIVIDE BY 10
I

R & R ELECTRONICS
311 EAST SOUTH ST.
Indianapolis, Ind. 46225

More D e t a i l s ? CHECK-OFF Page 94 june 1 9 7 1 79

 LAKE COUNTY ILLINOIS FAIR GROUNDS
JULY 10 & 11,1971- 8 am to 6 pm

THE LARGEST MEETING OF

RADIO ENTHUSIASTS IN THE MIDWEST

Displays -Technical Motion Pictures - Reserved

Space for Indoor Flea Market - Indian
Village and Dances - Amusement Rides
for the Kids - Practical Door Prizes
Camping Area - And Lots More
Halfway between Chicago and Milwaukee -Rts. 45 and 120

Tickets - $3.50 for both days

Advance Sales - $3.00 (Children under 12-No Charge)

For advance sales, write to:

RADIO EXPO '71
Box 271
Northbrook, Illinois 60062
sponsored by the

CHICAGO FM CLUB
 with Stnss Tested TRI-EX MW Towers
The MW serles IS a modular, all steel, crank-
4 I,
u p tower, destgned t o support u p t o 9% sq f t
of antenna area I t s "W" b r a c ~ n gIS except~onal
.;
w ~ t ha rn~numumo f torque and t w ~ s reslst
t
The MW's range u p to 65' I n he~ght,nested d o w n 4

IS t h e dle f o r m gutde that prov~desthe spaclng

between secttons, and makes one sectlon s l ~ d e
I n t o the other f o r extremely easy erectton
Towers are ava~lableI n 10' and 20' sectlons
G~ve y o u r Antennae thew great o p p o r t u n ~ t y l
M o u n t t h e m o n a T R I - E X Tower

CORPORATION
7182 Rasmussen Ave., Visalia, Calif. 93277

MEET THE STUD-NUT

A NEW UNITIZED FASTENER FOR CONVE-
NIENT RELIABLE MOUNTING OF THREAD-
ED STUD SOLID STATE DEVICES

.6 REPLACES FIVE SEPARATE ITEMS OF HARD-

WARE NOW REQUIRED FOR MOUNTING
SCR's. ZENERS DIODES AND POWER
TRANSISTORS.
REDUCES MOUNTING TIME AND ELIMI.
NATES STOCKING AND HANDLING OF
MANY SMALL ITEMS.
RATED AT 30 AMPERES CONTINUOUS
UTILIZES STANDARD 7/16# HEX NUT
DRIVER FOR MOUNTING.
Typical #10.32 threaded stud devices which
can be mounted by the stud-nut shown at
the upper rtght

The stud-nut consists of a n internally threaded, cadmium plated brass insert molded i n a
hl~h-temperature, glass.filled nylon base. The unique patented design of the molded base
insures perfect centering of the device stud for maximum voltage insulation and locktng action.
Thru holes are provlded In the upper end of the metal Insert for external lead connections.

PACKAGE OF FOUR STUD-NUTS - $1.00 ( Q u a n t ~ t y Discounts A v a ~ l a b l e )

SCF CORP., P. 0. Box 999, Hightstown, N. 1. 08520

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 94 june 1 9 7 1 81
 Digital
Frequency Meter
RndtoAmateur I
I Emblems engraved

,/'
r' I

M J , >, ,
.-
1.71 6

Monitors your "transmitted" signal I

Measures kHz and MHz call letters I
I
Operates with any exciter-transmitter $6.00 Ea. 1
(1 t o 600 watts - up to 35 MHz)
I

I
Large-bright "Nixie" display I I
Now - 100 Hz ( . l kHz) Readout I
through 35 MHz n Rhod~um I
I
FM-6 K i t . . . . $119.50 I W 9 X Y Z
call letters
I
I
(170 MHz Rescaler - $45.00 extra) $6.00 Ea. I

Micro-Z Co. Two or more /emblems at the same t ~ m e$5.00 each. II

i RWL order re: RADIO A M A ~ R CALLBOOK, 1.c. i
Box 2426 Rolling Hills, Calif. 90274 Dept. E. 925 Sherwood Drive. Lake Bluff, 111. 60044 !

FOREIGN HAMS
DO YOU NEED AMERICAN
CONSTRUCTION COMPONENTS?
I NEED CRYSTALS? I
Send us a list of your needs and we will
give you a quotation on any standard Amer-
ican parts which you may require.
No longer need you avoid construction
projects i n Ham Radio or any other U. S.
amateur publication because of hard t o find
parts. We'll find them and send them t o you.
supply crystels
Send 4 IRC's for catalog. : to 80 MHz in
b many types of holders.
HAL DEVICES SPECIALS
BOX 365 HF
URBANA. ILLINOIS 61801 U.S.A. Cola, N cnstal 13579. 545KHz) wlrr Irads 11.60 4 tor $5 0 0
100 KHz Irrqurmy standard cryslal (HC 13fU) 4 50
1000 KHz trequcmy standard (HCbIU) 4.50

F.M. MOTOROLA GOVERNMENT Any CB crystal, trans. or rrc.

IrI(ep1 synthrl#r?r cryslals)
Any amalrur band cr)l\trl In FT.243 holders
2.50

1.50 4 tor $5 0 0
S U R P LUseUI S
Re-Cond:
(rxcrpl 80.160 mrtrrs)
80 m r l t r crystals !n FT.243 holders 2.50
R-394 RECEIVER
152-172 MC $14.95 $22.50 Wr have i n s l f f k w r r r i l millnan c r y s t l l ~ which
1-278 TRANSMIlTER lntlvdc IYWI CRIAIAR. F7243. FT241. MC7. HCbIU
HC13/U. HC25/U. H C I I I U , r l c . Send l o r l o r our
152.172 MC 18.95 24.95 1970 cataloq l ~ t ho~ctllator c!rruits, llsllng thovsandr
R-257 RECEIVER 01 f r r q ~ e m ~ r m
(n %tack (or ornmrd!alt dtl8vrry (Add
25-50 MC 19.95 l o r p r r cry$tal t o above P r k n to, sh8pmrnl I r l clnrr
1-208 TRANSMllTER mad; IS( each l o r a&, mall )
Also - Power Su~~lies 25 50 MC 29.95 Special Quantity Prices to
Amplifiers CY-938 CABINET 7.95 9.95 Jobbers and Dealers.
Modules, 6lc. C-847 CONTROL BOX ORDER DIRECT
Write - Dept. HR 8.95 12.95 with check or money order
Send For Our BIG CATALOG No. 71 to
2400H Crystal Drive
Fort Myers, Florida 33901

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 94

 VHF NOISE BLANKER -
See Westcom a d i n Nov.,
Oec. '70 and Mar. '71 H a m Radio.
-

fleaa ket -
MUST SELL T I 5 0 with new 6146A's $45, Lafayette
He 74 VFO 80.6 meters m i n t condition $25. Lafa-
yette He 35 6 meter transceiver, mike, crystal $25.
WAPUKI, 8337 256 Street, Floral Park, New York,
(212) 343-5372. -
ORIGINAL EZ-IN DOUBLE HOLDERS display 20
cards i n plastic. 3 f o r $1.00, 10 for $3.00 prepaid.
Guaranteed. Patented. Free sample t o dealers.
-.
j666,- John
Teoahco. - - K4NMT. Box 198R. Gallatin. Tenn.
-
*
--9-
ASK FOR FREE LIST of used H a m gear o r for
p r o m p t personal attention o n any new gear. M a i l
your order direct t o Vansickle Radio, WPKJF,
Indianapolis, lndiana 46205. 40 years experlence.
-
THE ZERO BEATER AMATEUR RADIO CLUB will
I RATES Commercial Ads 25$ per hold their annual Hamfest a t t h e Washington, Mo.
City Park o n August l s t , starting at 10 a.m. Free
word; non-commercial ads log: per word H a m Gear Auction. Many fine H a m gear door
payable in advance. No cash discounts prizes and free entertainment f o r t h e children
and Yl's. -
or agency commcsslons allowed. WANTED. WALKIE TALKIE, hand held type, World
War II vintage. Se!wyn Luben. WOERF, 3641 Troost
I COPY No special layout or arrange- Avenue. Kansas C ~ t y , M ~ s s o u r i64109.
ments available. Material should be type- -
CONNECTICUT HAMS: Come and see all t h e
written or clearly printed and must in- goodies a t Roger S. Miner Surplus Electronics, 246
clude full name and address. We reserve Naugatuck Ave.. Milford. Conn. 06460. Telephone
-
877-0555.
the right t o reject unsuitable copy. Ham WANTED R390, R3?0A, R389. 5154, 51S1, Racal.
Radio can not check out each advertiser Nems, Clarke, M a r c o n ~receivers. SWRC. P. 0. Box
10048, Kansas City, Missouri 64111.
and thus cannot be held responsible for -
--
claims made. Liability for correctness of WANTED: BULOVA ACCUTRON TE13 series clock.
material limited t o corrected ad i n next 17/s" diameter dial. Please give condition a n d
lowest price. N. Ross. 1425 Walnut. Berkeley.
available issue. Deadline is 15th of California 94709. -
second preceding month. FOR SALE -
KNIGHT T-150A transmitter, 150
watts A M and CW,, ,80.6 meters, bu1lt.m VFO or
I SEND MATERIAL TO: Flea Market, crystal. Good c o n d ~ t ~ o n Also
. Elco 753 SSB and
CW., Transceiver, does n o t operate, f o r parts or
Ham Radio, Greenville, N. H. 03048. repalr. Bill Jennings. 47 Allen Road, North Haven,
Connecticut 06473.
-
THE SECOND ANNUAL MUSIC CITY HAMFEST
HAMFEST: lndiana Radio Club Council's annual wil be held in Nashville, Tennessee on Sunday.
picnic Sunday, July 11th. LaPorte County Fair. June 20. a t Edwin Warner Park Picnic Site #3.
nrounds. LaPorte. Indiana. Large Flea Market with Lots of free parking, shelter and a playground for
reserved locat.ons available for large exhibitors t h e children. Brine a ~ i c n i c lunch, or food and
and vendors on t h e Midway and Main, Building. soft drinks, ice cFeam.. etc. will be available a t
Mobile FM Clinic. Prizes. Tech Sessions. For the site. M a i n drawing will be a t 3:30 p.m.
flyer, write: Dave Osborn, K9BPV. P. 0. Box 272, Three m a i n prizes plus many other rizes, with a
LaPorte, lndiana 46350. special d r a w ~ n gf o r t h e ladies and g v o r s for t h e
children. M a i n prizes will be a n H W 101, with
75A2A M I N T CONDITION $200. 2 meter Gonset . . - a n H A 460 Xceiver and a portable
Dower suoolv,
-
Comm. 11 $50. SX-99 $35! 1 0 6 with VFO $50. 2 TV set.
meter FM 80W base s t a t ~ o n $50. 1-319-337-7114. EXCLUSIVELY H A M TELETYPE - 19th year. RTTY
K9EIF. 3305 Shamrock, lowa . City, lowa 52240. Journal, articles, news, DX. VHF, c l a s s ~ f ~ e d ads.
- Sample 30C. $3.00 year. Box 837, Royal Oak,
ELECTROSTATIC PHOTOCOPY SERVICE - 8% x 11 Michigan 48068.
o r 8 % x 14 - any original - 1 to 10 @ . l o t . 10 -
and o n @ ,084 - immediate postpaid return - QSLS. SECOND TO NONE. Same day service.
complete d r a f t i n g service also available. R. K. Samoles 256. Rav. K7HLR. Box 331. Clearfield,
Wildman - 6142 Glenbrook Lane - Stockton. Calif. - .- .. -
95207 - ....
YOU ALL COME TO International Independent
EVANSVILLE INDIANA HAMFEST 4H County Hunters Convention i n Kansas City. July
( H ~ g h w a y41'North 3 miles) ~unda;, July 1P,r01"9"7"? 2. 3. 4. 1971. SASE t o WAOSHE for information.
alr condlt~oned, auctlon, o v e r n ~ g h t camplng, ladles -
bingo, reserved flea market b%oths, advance re- The LINCOLN, NEBRASKA AMATEUR RADIO CLUB
gistration. For flyer contact Morton Silverman will operate a special prefix amateur radio statlon
W9GJ. 1121 Bonnie View Drive. Evansville. lndiana using the call KQONEB. Operations will commence
-, . --. at 2100 GMT September 1. 1971 and will be con-
SURPLUS CRYSTALS BLANKS: Range 4100.6800 tinuous 24 hours a day through 0500 GMT Sep-
kHz. 7200.8600 kHz. Assorted freq. our selection. tember 9. 1971. Transmitters will be on 10, 15.
30/$1 N a t Stinnette Electronics. Umatilla. FL 32784. 20, 40 and 80 meters. both CW and SSB. DX
contacts will be SLed via Bureaus. Stateside
TOROIDS! Lowest prlce anywhere. 40/$1000 contacts m u s t sen! cards with SASE to WOYOY,
POSTPAID (5/$2,00). center lapped. 44 or 88rnhy. Box 5006. Lincoln, Nebraska 68505. As with past
32KSR pane ~ r ~ n t e r e. c o n d ~ t ~ o n e d~. e r f e c t $225. operations of t h e Club, a special QSL card w ~ l l
MITE UGCTlKSR page, printer,, reconditioned, $250. be used. -
Mod28 Sprocket t o frlctlon klt, $25. 28LBXD TO. MANUALS - $6.50 each: R-390/URR, URM-25D.
$70. 28LPR reperf with gear shift. $170. Model BC.639A, CV-591A/URR. TS-497B/URR. FR.5/U.
ISKSR, $65. Matching RA87P.S. Unused, $7. TS.587B/U. UPM-45, SP-600JX. Hundreds more.
Lorenz 15KSR. $75. Sync motors. $7. 14TD. $20. S. Consalvo. 4905 Roanne Drive, Washington. DC
OPE punch, $14. HPPOOCD Oscillator. $95. R390/ 20021. -
URR. $550. 11/16" tape, 40/$10.00. 33ASR. THE TWO RIVERS AMATEUR Radio Club will hold
complete, $700. Stamp f o r listing. Van WZDLT, its annual hamfest July 18 at the Balcon Hotel
302H Passaic, Stirling, N. J. 07980. grounds i n McKeesport located 15 miles east of
- Pittsburgh. For information write Charles E.
MECHANICAL FILTERS: 455 Khz. 2.1 Khz $18.95. Thomas WA3MWM. 7022 Blackhawk. Pittsburgh.
300 Hz $22.95. J. A. Fredricks, 314 South 13th Pa. 15218. -
Ave.. Yakima, Washington 98902. TELL YOUR FRIENDS about H a m Radio Magazine.

june 1971 83
. . . THE BEST
2 METER

Only
$32.50
lless batteries)
POSTPAID USA

Precision crystal
144-146 MHz in. 28-30 MHz o u t
o r 146-148 MHz with a second crystal
available for $5.95 e a c h Fully guaranteed
A full description o f this f;~nt.~\tic converlpr would
fill this pngr, h ~ VOII
~ t can t . ~ k r our urord for it
(or thl~seof thtrnsancls ~ r fsati.;Red users) that it's
the best. The rr;lson is simple - we use three
RCA dual cate hlOSFETs, one h i p ~ l a r . and 3 Markers ot 100, 50, 25, 1 0 or 5 kHz se-
cliodes In tllr hect circuit ever. Still not con- lected by front panel switch.
vinced? Then send for onr free cntnlog and get Zero odjusf sets fo WWV. Exclusive circuit
the full clr*cription, plr~s photos and even the suppresses unwanted morkers.
schematic.
Can't wait? Then send us a postal money order Compact rugged design. Atfroctive, com-
for 542.05 and we'll rush the 407 ont to you. pletely self contained.
NOTE: The hlndel 407 is also available in any Send for free brochure.
fre rlency combination up to 4.50 h41Iz (some at
1
h.I X er prices) as listed in our cntnloa. New York
City and State residents add local sdes tax.

VANGUARD LABS
Dept. R. 19623 Jamaica Ave.. Hollis, N.Y. 11423

A "broadband isn't an all rirl ''

FM'ers
Here is 13.6 Volt D.C.
POWER
For your Regency, Standard, Varitronics or
similar 1 0 watt, solid-state FM transceiver.
100-130 volt 50-60Hz input

IMPROVEVOURAWTENNA PATTERN
BLULYNE XP-500
A N D REDUCE T V l ...........
FOR O W L 1 13.6V Nominal at 2.5 Amp Transmit.
14.OV Nominal at 2 0 0 Ma Receive.
SPICIFICATIDNS
A well filtered, regulated solid state power
BANDNIDTH ..........................lT n n O u c n 30 MH: C~NTINIDUS
VSNR. ...............................I I WHEN TERMINATED WITH A supply ready to plug in and use.
BALANCED I? OHM LOAD
POWER RATING .................... I K N DC 2KN PEP
IMPEDANCE RAT10 ................
1.1 AT 52 OHMS
INPUT CONNECTOR ...............$0-239
Only $34.95
OUTPUT CONNECTIONS .......... STANDARD TERMIIIAL LUGS Check, money order or
N E A l H E R PROTECTION .........II(TCR)IILLI SEALED
use your Mastercharge o r BankAmericard.
ORDER TODAY FROM
BLULYNE ELECTRONICS CORP.
E l ~ c t r o n i xS a l ~ a 9 1 STATE STREET
23044 S. CRENSHAI BLVD.. TORRANCE. CALIF. 9 0 9 5
NORTH ADAMS, MASS. 01247
213-534-4456 413-662-2876
HOME 0 1 L A AMArEUR R r D l O S r L E S

84 june 1971 More Deta1ls7 CHECK-OFF Page 94

THE PINE RIDGE AMATEUR RADIO CLUB of
Chadron, Nebraska will hold thelr seventeenth
annual hamfest at Chadron State Park located 9
ATLANTA HAMFEST
miles South of Chadron on Hlgnway 385, Sunday.
June 6. 1971 All amateurs and f a n i ~ l ~ ewelcome.
s
AN0 GEORGIA ARRL CONVENTION
Brlng a covered dlsh and your own utens~ls. The
Club will furnlsh soft drlnks and coffee, no charge. JUNE 12 & 13, 1971
DON'T BUY QSL CARDS from anyone until you LENOX SQUARE, ATLANTA, GEORGIA
see rrly free samples. Fast servlce. Economical The Atlanta Radto Club IS pleased to announce
prlces. Llttle Prtnt Shop. Box 9848. Austin. Texas the annual Atlanta Hamfest and Georgta ARRL
78757. - Convention. Events unprecedented In history.
SURPLUS MILITARY RADIOS. Electronics. Radar

...
H ~ g h l ~ g hwill
t s Include:
Parts, tons of materlal for the ham, free catalogue
available. Sabre Industries. 1370 Sargent Ave.. ARRL Forum
Mars Meetinqs
Wlnnlpeg 21. Manitoba. Canada.
- .. Manufacturer s Dlsplays

.
TELETYPE g 2 8 LRXB4 reperforator.transmitter "as FM Technical Sessions
1s" $100. checked out $175. Includes two 3-speed Left Foot CW Contest
gearshifts. Alllronics-Howard Co., BOA 19. Boston.
Carnival for the Harmonics
Gala Banquet and Dance Saturday Evening.
Mass. 02101. 617.7424048.
- Prizes will be the largest and best ever!
2 METER FM -
standard SRC826M $339.95. Clegg YOUR CHOICE OF A COLOR-TV OR DRAKE
22'er FM $369.95 Includes moblle antenna. Send TRANSCEIVER.
for specs. and lnformatlon. H & H Electronics. REGENCY HR.2
824 Read. Lockport. l l l l n o ~ s60411. TEN.TEC RECEIVER
- COMPLETE ANTENNA SYSTEM
PASS FCC Extra. Advanced. General Exams easily A SURPRISE (A TRANSCEIVER THAT WE'RE
wlth slmplifled, economical books and code re- OBLIGATED NOT TO DISCLOSE 'TILL SUNDAY,
cords. Free catalog. Ameco Publishing. 314H JUNE 13TH).
Iilllslde Avenue. Wllllston Park, N. Y. 11596.
Reservations are available a t the Roadway
WANTED: HEATHKIT PANADAPTER,any model or Inn. 3387 Lenox Road (261-5500). This fine
motel is directly across from the Hamfest
surplus 455 Khz model. Used Hy-Gain 14AVQ
vertlcal antenna. R. J. Brubaker WODYR. 3932 site. In fact, once you get t o Atlanta, you
Charlotte, Kansas City. Missourl 64110. won't need your car again.
For fun. fellowship and a n all around good
PLAN AHEAD1 June 19th & 20th Colorado Springs time bring the famtly. (Note the carnival.
Antlers Plaza Hotel. 1971 A R R ~Rocky ~ o u n t a l ; bowling and a fine selection of ladies prizes.)
Dtvlslon Convention is coming! Pass the word!
Contests - Prizes -TOD S ~ e a k e r s . Wouff Hone.
Join us i n Atlanta. June 12 & 13, 1971. Lenox
Square.
The blggest Ham event of the year! Watch f&
your pre.registratlon blank In the mail - take our FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT
vacation! Qutt your job! GET HERE SOMEHOL ! ! WA4VWV, STEVE SMITH
-
TOROIDS 44 and 88 mhy. Unpotted. 5 for $1.50 5258 SEATON DR., DUNWOODY, GA.

QSL'S BROWNIE W3CJI

-
ppd. W. Weinschenker. Box 353. Irwin. Pa. 15642.
- - 31 118 Lehigh. Allen.
town. Pa. 18103. Samples lot. Cut catalogue 25C.
WORLD QSL BUREAU
--
-
- see a d page 88. ALL SOLID-STATE
SALE: COLLINS 75A4 Receiver, mods per factory,
fllters. $300.00; Heathkit SB610 Scope $60.00;
HD15 Phone Patc.~. $20.00; HM15 SWU Brldge
SSB TRANSCEIVER -
$20.00; 14AV Antenna. $25.00; Phasor 40 ~ n t e n n a '
System. $5080. WB6TFO. 1682 Rainbow Drtve.
Santa Ana, CA 92705. (714544.1208).

SELL OR TRADE for two meter equipment: Mobile

SIX meter FM GE Progress Line Transistor Supply.
100 watt output. Very clean on 52.525. With
manual, two frequency head, all accessories.
Daniel Vernler. 19741 Broadacres. Mt. Clemens.
M lchigan 48043. 3 13-791-8364.
ZENITH Parametric Amplifier 1296MHz $75. Alfred
TWT amplifiers w/pwr 500-1000MHz and ' 1 - ~ G H Z
$45 e a c h Gertsch FMJA (30 GHz capabilit ) $145.
4 3 z ~ H zj 0 3 4 / 4 ~ 2 5 0 ~
a m ~ l ~ f i e$75:
432MHz transverter $10.0; swap list VHF/UHF
r
.
UHF Jroduct;
Complete single-band SSB transceiver 4 to 5

...
components SASE. W4API. Box 4095. Arlington.
Virelnia 22204. - watts PEP output 15. 20. 40, or 75 mtrs.
VXO tuning up to 100 KHz o r 2 fixed freq.
J O ~ N S O N VIKING 1 kilowatt amplifier
15 meters. SSB-AM-CW for sale or trade for SSB
. 80 thru
Suitable for dry battery operation.
transceiver. Jack Hamilton. Route 1, Sylvester. Light weight, small size makes excellent
- -
Georgla 31791.
"DON AND BOB'' NEW GUARANTEED BUYS. Dealer
Tempo. Kenwood write spec~ficat~ons. Monarch
. portable boat. aircraft, flald or mobile.
Contains 15 transistors, 1 MOSFET. 2 darling.
ton amps.. 1 I.C. and 17 diodes. Four-pole
KW SWR relative power dualmeter bridge 14.95.
Amphenol PL259/S0239 3.90/10; Swan 1011 demo;
. filter.
Some options available t o customer require-
399.00 Hy-Gain Hy-Quad 99.00 Ham.M 99.00 TR44
59.95. ' A R ~ ~29.95R
.
write q u i t e SPR4 G T ~ ~Tri-
Ex. day 6LQ6 3.50;' Motorola HEP170 'epoxy hiode
2.5A/1000PIV 39c; GE 3A/600V 33c; transformer
O ments.
Furnished with spare switching and final amp.
transistors, dummy load and extra plug.
Stancor RT202 12-28V/2A 6.95 8A. RT204 10.95.
12A. RT206 15 95. 6 ~ . 1 2 ~ . 2 8 ~ ) 11.95. ~. 1000~h;
Knight crystal ' 9 6 1 ~3.95: PB relay ' ~ ~ ~ 1 7 ~ 1 3
4PDT/48V 1.95; 4 ft. test leads Simpson Triplett JUSTIN, INC.
1.49/pr; NEZU lamp 6c ea: Prices FOB Houston 2663 NORTH LEE AVENUE
GECC, Mastercharge. BAC. Quotes specific ttems:
Service guaranteed. Madison Electronics. 1508 SOUTH EL MONTE, CALIF. 91733
McKlnney. Houston. Texas 77002. (713) 224-2668.

M o r e Details? CHECK-OFF Page 94 june 1971 85

 USED TEST EQUIPMENT
All checked and operating unless otherwlse
noted! FOB Monroe. Money back (lass
shipping) if n o t satisfied.
Boonton 202D-175.250mHz s i g gen ............285
Boonton 207E-Unlvertor f o r s i g gen ............ 95
Fluke Monotronics 207-1 Precision VLF Re-
c e i v d r - ~ o m p a r i t o r transistorized .............. 640
GR736 A-Wave analyzer ................ ........................ 249
GR821A.Twin-T Imp. bridge 235
GR1603A-Z-Y bridge ................................................ 176
Gertsch FM3/PS3 20-1000MHz f r e a m t r 275
HP120AR-200kHz scope 135
~ ~ 1 7 5 A . 5 0 m Hscooe.main
z f r a m e onlv ...450
H P ~ Z ~ B . iGq ~ O -counter
~ H ~ . . . . . . . ..- .....325
HP524R-W/plug-in t o lOOmHz ...................... 385
HP525A-10-100mMz plug-in f o r above ......115
Standard's SR.C826M Transceiver HP525B.100.220mMz plug-in f o r above ...135
HP525C-100-500mMz olua-in f o r above . 225
12 C h a n n e l s ( 4 s u p p l i e d 1 H P < ~ K R . T ~ & Pinterval' ol;e-in f o r above 65
10 w a t t p o w e r o u t p u t ~ ~ 6 6 8 A . 15OOmHz
0 stahd ;lg gen 400
H o t MOSFET r e c e i v e r front e n d Meas 6 5 8 75kHz 30mHz s l g gen 265
L o w drain-all silicon semiconductors Meas 82.20Hz-200kHz. 80kHz-5OmMz
stand s i g gen .......................................................
275
Full 6 month w a r r a n t y NE Eng 14-20C.lOmHz f r e q counter
Complete, r e a d y - t o - g o ! Connect power and (as i s less t i m e standard) .............................180
NE Eng 14-20C.complete. checked ............... 295
a n t e n n a and y o u ' r e on the air! O n l y $339.95 N E ENG 14-20C.W/plug-1n t o lOOmHz .......355
NE Eng 14-21C-10-10mHz conv f o r abv ...114
851SH ...
NEW! 25W. $449.95
3W./6 channel 811SH 199.95
Send OSL or clrcle number for defeiled brochure
.only NE Eng 14.22C-100-220mMz for abv
N E Eng 14.24C-Time interval conv for abv 65
Tektronix 513D-20mHz sc
Tektronix 517A-Hi-speed
URM25E-10kHz-50mHz s t
.....135
75
45
15
USM24C-8mHz t i m e base scope ...................125
USM50-22mHz t i m e base scope ....................... 145
ERICKSON USMIOSA-Mil version
w/dual trace plug.in 50
COMMUNICATIONS (Send SASE f o r complete list)
4657 North Ravenswood Avenue Electronics
C h i c a g o , 111. 6 0 6 4 0 (312) 334-3200
8 division of Carl E. Erickson Co
GRAY P. 0.BOX 941 M o n m . MI 4816
M Specializing i n used t e s t equipment

GET YOUR NEW

ISSUES NOW!
O v e r 285,000 QTHs I n
t h e U.S. e d ~ t ~ o$8.95
n
Over 165,000 QTHs I n
the DX e d ~ t ~ o$6.95
n

\ NEW EOITION EVERY:

MARCH 1 - SEPT. 1
JUNE 1 DEC. 1-
These valuable EXTRA features Included in both ed~tions!
PSL Managers Around the Prefixes by Countries!
1 - 4 X B TRANSMITTER World! Zips on all PTH's!
Census of Radio Amateurs A.R.R.L. Phonetic Alphabet!
throughout the world!
l:;tn IIVt1.6.11 ni~h\I,'() 111 I.II~I.~
or '1'-1\11 Iur Iri~n.c.t.i\~n~..
11-111
Radio Amateurs' License
Class!
World Prefix Map!
:
~ r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e u ~ e a r i n g s
International Postal
\1,.1111ttn 111i- i l t l ~III~I
t \ t . WIIIi ~ r v - l ~ 1111.
i~! international Radio Information!
I~~I~ III
i~l~!al~o.rv III 111,. I .>. \ ....... Amateur Prefixes Plus much more!
See your favor~tedealer or order dlrect (add 25C for mailing
in U . S . , Possess~ons& Canada. Elsewhere add 50Ci.

TORRANCE. CALIFORNIA 90505

213-534-4456 925 Sherwood Drive

Dep''
I ake Rlofi Ill 6On44

86 june 1971 More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 94

KCOKC WILL BE HEARD on all bands for t h e period

I
July 1st 1971 through July 5th 1971 GMT around
the clock. KCOKC w ~ l lbe on 10. 15. and 20 meters
berinrilnn around 1300 GMT u n t i l late i n the
e v e n l n g . - A c t ~ v ~ t yo n 40 and 80 meters w ~ l lprob-
WIRED AND TESTED
ablv begln around 2100 hours GMT uritll 1300 GMT
the followlng day. However, actlvlty will generally
be on any band at any t ~ m ethat band IS open.
INTERDIGITAL
A c t l v ~ t y IS planned around the followlng frequen.
cles: CW 3550. 7050, 14050. 21050. 28050. Phone
PRE-AMPLIFIERS
3880. 7205. 14205. 21280. 28600 For s p e c ~ a lQSL
send SASE or 21RCs to KCOKC, P 0 Box 753,
Sliawnee M l s s ~ o n .Kansas 66201
826 TUBES WANTED FOR CASH. Pay $100. each
f o r 445A WE Klystrons. C. Hutnan. 308 Hickory
St.. A r l ~ n g t o n .N. J. 07032 Factory wired and aligned 6, 2 and
THIRD ANNUAL H A M CAMPOREE - Florida Camp. 1-1/4 meter state of the art ultra low
lands. June 11.13. Contact WA4YNW o r Brandon noise lnterdigital Pre-amplifiers and
Amateur R a d ~ oSociety. Box 828. Brandon. Florida
33511. - filters - as featured in February 1971
FOR SALE: 755.1. 32s-1. 516F.2. S700. MP-1. o r
516~.1. $100. 3 5 i ~ . 2 , s i o o . 3 o i - i , $350. 3is.3. HAM RADIO!
516F.2. $650. P.150.DC (for SR150/SR160). $50.
tialaxy.300. PSA.300. $185. Waters Nuverter, new. I N T E R D I G I T A L PRE-AMPLIFIERS
$100. C. E. 100-V, manual, $275. Waters H y b r ~ d
Coupler, model 3001. $40. Motorola 80.D (low-band).
w ~ t h accessories, $50. Capac~tors. 2 ea 4 MFD/
50 M H z Model IPA-50
144 MHz Model IPA-144
. . .. .. ........ ....
$29.00*
$29.00*
IOKV, $15 ea. S ~ r n p s o n 4 ~ 2 6 0 VTVM, factory-
recondit~oned, $45. Telex headset, new, $5. F ~ l t e r 220 M H z M o d e l IPA-220 $29.00' .. . . . .. .
F455Y.60 ( f o r 75S.l/S.2/S-3), $18. Messenger Ill. INTERDIGITAL BANDPASS FILTERS
new. $100. Transformers: 5VCTS30A. $8; 6.3VCT
( w 2OA. $7; UTC S.49. $15; UTC S.57. $4; UTC S.60, 5 0 M H z IS-BPF-50 . . . . . . . . .. . . $19.00*
.
$9: UTC S-63. $7: Henrv 2.K. 2500: 4-K. $895. 1 4 4 M H z Model IS-BPF-144
220 M H z M o d e l IS-BPF-220
.. .. .. .. .. $19.00'
$19.00*
*Plus $0.50 postage

A l l o w 3 weeks f o r r e c e i p t o f o r d e r

I BOB'S DISCOUNT ELECTRONICS 1

KW Match.Box, meter. $135. M o b l i e - M o u n t fo; 7 2 0 N Hudson. O k l a h o m a City. Okla. 7 3 1 0 2
SR-150, new, $20. Heath KL-1 C h ~ p p e w a L ~ n e a r ,
wlth K S - I supply $200. Swan SW-140 $85. KWM.1 (405) 232-1384
A. C.. D. C., a n d ' Moblle Mount. $32<. Federal ~ e :
ceiver Model 123 (tunes 15.650 khz). $50. James
W. Craig. 29 Sherburne Avenue. Portsmouth, N. H.
03801. (603) 436-9062.
OLD TIME RADIO SHOWS. SASE. Box 724, Red-
mond. Washington 98052.
THE PENTICTON CIVIL DEFENSE Amateur Radio
Club are pleased to announce their sponsorship
of the annual l n t e r n a t ~ o n a l Okanagan Hamfest i n
co-operation with t h e clubs In Kelowna, Vernon C A M P ALBERT BUTLER INVITES
and Karnloops. This centennial year, we plan t o HAM R A D I O E N T H U S I A S T S O F A L L AGES
change the location t o t h e Gallagher Lake Lodge
and grounds of RR#2, Oliver, B.C. Dates July 24 7'0 . I l l y 1,OIt YOLfR
and 25. Motels, trailer, tenting and c a m p i n g space GENERAL CLASS TICKET
are all ava~lable, as well as shower. washroom,
laundry, small lake and pool w ~ t h crystal water.
There will be a giant auction, transmitter hunt. This Summer! Our 12th Season
contests and games f o r b o t h young and old. STUDY INSTRUCTION
Evening entertainment assured. A registrat~on LEADING to GENERAL ADVANCE
door prize value $40.$50 and b i g raffle prlze value
175,s 125. Admission for licensed OM'S $3.00. and AMATEUR EXTRA LICENSE
XYL's , a n d YLls $2.00, Family Ticket $5.00. Re- This m-rd Amntctlr Rndio Cnmp. Y.M.C.A. owned nnd
g l s t r a t ~ o n beglns 10:OO a.m. Saturday. July 24. operated, can archmnital:ttr 60 r.rnlpprq. Them IS no n r r
For further information contact Denny Warner I~rnil. \Vr have hncl c:lrnlrrr from 7 thmurh 74 yenm r~,f
VE7ASY. Secretary, RRk4. Crawford Road. Kelowna. nrc. I t IS vrrv helgfttl I / ? o u r;tn m p \ . Swpm or hove i t
B.C., Canada. - Salvice or 7'vrhnirl.tn ticket hut 11 i s not nt*rrvnry. Tnmr,
FOR SALE: Drake 1-A Heath HD-10 keyer HG.1OB I.; divided hetwern r;~dilnclnsar~ in nnlr nnrl theory itnd
VFO, HM.15 SWR bridke, Collins 353C-31 h e c h a n i . tlrttnl rnmp ~ C ~ I V ~ ~ I C st~ch
S. 8 s swimn~tng. ;xr<hpn., rifler,.
cal filter, plug-ln adapter (3KHz BW), and never hik~ne. etc. Gt~lfprtvilerrr are included nt t h ~heitt~tiful
used 811-A wlth socket. N o trades please. A l l Ntw Rivrr Cornntn (.lrxh mane.
other offers considered. R. 0. Crosmer, 1241% I.:nt~r? st.~R con\tsts r n f licensed hnms who nrr instnlrtaws
In pl.ectrir.~lcncmeemc in srune of our finest mllrarc nnd
C o l u m b ~ a ,Orange. C a l ~ f o r n i a92668.
- ~ ~ n i v e r c i t ~(:.amp
~. <,ms Jttly Olst nod closes Aaetnrl
14th. Tuttion of 1080.00 ~ncludrs nll cnmp rrprnrrs.
2m F M TRANSISTORIZED TRANSCEIVER. Multi- n,t>m. menls. notehr,tvk<, textbooks. and instlr.tncr. Srnd
channel 12 v d c / l l O vac. 1.10W, $170. D. Anderson, f o r our bnrchure.
(213) 478.6738. -
FOR SALE: Nixies. new. 0 t o 9. 8.5440, 8.5991
$5.00 each. H. P. 512A Freq. Converter 0.100 MHZ:
p.- - - - - - - - - - - - -
L Peters, K4DNJ
General Secretary
--I
I
Hughes Memo-Scope 104; H. P. P.C. Mixers: ~ o d e i
105348 50K-150MHz. Phil1 Lupi. 1225 Hillside
I Gilvin Roth Y.M.C.A., Elkin, N. C. 28621
I
Place. North Bergen. N. J. 07047. I'lease send nie the Booklet and A p lic.llion Blank
1 f o r the (:;imp Albert Duller Radio gessic I
ClNCY STAG HAMFEST: Attention hams: M a r k t h i s 1 NAhfE I
date. Sept. 26, for the 1971 Cincinnati 34th Annual CALL
STAG Hamfest, the one b i g STAG Amateur Radio I
event of t h e '71 year. Meet all o f your friends I ADDR
I
here. More details later. W8DSR. Hamfest Secretary. STATE ..... ZIP . . . . ,

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 94 june 1971 87

 Radio Amateurs
Reference Library
of Maps and Atlas NEW!
WORLD PREFIX MAP - Full color. 40" x 28". shows
pref~xebon each country . . . DX zones, time zones.
1971 EDITIONS
cltles. cross referenced tables . . . . postpaid $1.25
RADIO AMATEURS GREAT CIRCLE CHART OF THE
WORLD- from the center of the United States! Full
color. 30" x 25". listing Great Circle bearlngs in de-
Popular
grees for six major U.S. cities; Boston. Washington.
D.C.. Mtami. Seattle. San Francisco & Los Angeles. HOWARD SAM'S
. . . . . . . . . . postpa~d $125
RADIO AMATEURS MAP OF NORTH AMERICA! Full
color. 30" x 25" -includes Central America and the
Handbooks
e ~. ' -
Caribbean to the equator. showing call areas, zone
boundaries. prefixes and time zones, FCC frequency
chart, plus informative ~nforrnat~on on each of the 50
United States and other Countries. . . postpaid $1.25
Q ,&'l."-- ._..
WORLD A T U S -Only atlas compiled for radio ama-
teurs. Packed with world-wide information - includes
11 maps, in 4 colors with zone boundaries and coun-
try pref~xeso n each map. Also includes a polar pro.
iection map of the world plus a map of the Antarctica
- a complete set of maps of the world. 20 pages.
size 8%'' x 12" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . postpaid $2.00
-
Complete reference library of maps set of 4 as listed
above ............................ postpaidf3.50 HANDB'
See your favorite dealer or order d~rect.

RAOlO AMATEUR

Dept' 925 Sherwood Drive

Lake Bluff, 111. 60044

rWORLD QSL B U R E A U 1
THE O N L Y QSL BUREAU to handle a l l
of your QSLs to anywhere; next door, the
next state, the next country, the whole
world. Just bundle them u p (please arrange
TRANSISTOR SUBSTITUTION HANDBOOK
(11th Edition)
alphabetically) and send them to us with
payment of 46 each. by the Howard W. Sams Engineering Staff. This
updated guide lists over 100,000 substitutions.
Tells how and when to use substitute transis-
tors. Also includes manufacturers recommen-
dations for using popular replacement transistor
lines. Computer-compiled for accuracy. 160
pages: 5 % x 8 % ; softbound.
$2.25 Postpaid

TUBE SUBSTITUTION HANDBOOK

(14th Edition)
by Howard W. Sams Engineerin Staff. The
most complete, up-to.date DIRECP
tube sub st^.
tution guide available, including more than
12.00 substitutions for all types of receiving
tubes and picture tubes. Instructions accom-
SEE YOUR panying each section guide the reader in
making proper tube substitutions and explain
how to cross-reference between sections for
DEALER FOR other substitutes. 96 pages: 5 % x 8 % ; soft-
bound.
$1.75 P o s t p a i d
Order these useful books today
f rorn
book division
EQUIPMENT =
r
n
,-,
NEW CATALOG AVAILABLE. WRITE:
A E R O T R O N , INC.
Box 592 . Amherst, New Hampshire 03031

P.O. BOX 6527. RALEIGH, N.C. 27608

88 june 1971 More D e t a ~ l s ?CHECK-OFF Page 94

SHACK CLEARANCE: Heath HW-20 Pawnee. 2
meter, excellent condx.. $90.00. Heath Tunnel
Dipper $17.00 CV-253111. converter. 38lOOOMh~; T Y M E T E W ~
I.F. 3 d ~ h z ,V; gud $40.00, Jennings UCSLPS-750. ' rr. A, A oh.
750PF/5KV New. $15.00, Jennings tCSC-30. 30PF/
lOKV New. $10.00. Much more: RTTY, VHF, RE-
PEATER GEAR, ETC. Send S.A.S.E. for list and
photos.
Idaho 83201.
Gerry, K U G D 4 5 Cottage, P o c a t e l o
- CA 1- 1 D E NT
SWAN 5WCX, 117XC. 14X. DC module, VX2 VOX.
Excellent condx. $495 firm. Bob Dufon, 4114 North-
cote. East Chlcago, Indiana 46312.
-
WANTED: CUSTOMERS: No experience necessary:
W r ~ t eor call "HOSS TRADER ED MOORY" for the
best deal on new or used equipment: NEW EQUIP-
MENT: New ROHN 50 Ft. Foldover Tower Prepaid.
$219.00: Waters 334A Dummy Load/Wattmeter,
$135.00; Mosley A-203.C, 20 meter beam, $112.00:
Yaesu N d x 4 0 0 VFO, $79.00: GT-550. $395.00:
USED EQUIPMENT: Collins PM-2 AC, $95.00: Drake
TR-4, $449.00: Drake RV-4 VFO, $69.00: T4.XB.
$365.00: Ham M Rotor $85.00: Vlking Valiant
$135.00: R4-B. $349.00: ' NCX-3. $149.00: AUTHOR: 10-minute repeating timer buzzes warning to sign in your
IZED Dealer for all new Drake. Galaxy, National,
Regency. Varitronics, ~ r i - E ~Mosley,
, ~ i ~ call
~ y - ~ and , letters. Walnut or ebony plortic core. 4 " ~ 7. ? / 4 " ~ ,
many others: Moory Electronics Co., P.O. BOX 506, 4"D. 110V, 60 cy. One Yeor Guoronlee. Mode in U.S.A.
Dew~tt. Arkansas 72042. 501.946.2820. A t Your Dooler, o r DIRECT FROM

features $95.00- Other scopes from $45.00 t o

$500.00.' James R. Walter, 2697 Nickel, San Pablo.
California 94806. -
7289 (3CX100A5) ceramic replacement for 2C39A.
Pullouts. Guaranteed. 3/$10; 12/$30. plus postage. AT THESE PRICES
Wtll trade for 2 m t r gear. W4SOD. Folly Beach.
S.
- C. 29439.
~ - Until June 15 Only
SAROC 1972 - The Las Vegas FUN convention.
$87.00 $50.00
January 6-9. Watch for further details. SAROC,
Two Element Quad Extra Element
Box 73, Boulder, Nevada.
- After June 15, 1971
CALIFORNIA VACATION. XYL and I want t o trade
houses, cars and ham rigs with h a m near Boston
or Washington for month of August. Write K6SN.
$107.00 $60.00
Two Element Quad Extra Element
7551 Westlawn Ave., Los Angeles, Cal~f. 90045.

CALI VI PANAMERICAN GAMES Contest.

Amateurs from the Pan-American countries. Con-
Only
GEM-QUAD FIBRE - GLASS
tacts are valid on the 15, 20 and 40 meters bands. ANTENNA FOR 10, 15. and 20 METERS.
The objective will be t o contact as many Pan-
american stations as possible. Contacts with sta-
tion HK5 CCP will give 20 points. Contacts with Submit Payment with Order
station HK5 VD will give 10 points. Contacts with Shipped Freight collect.
HK5 stations will glve 5 points. Contacts with Price includes
other Panam.Stations will give 2 points. Contacts Canadian Federal Sales Tax
are valid with the same station on the three bands, o r U.S. Customs Duty.
but cross-band contacts o r relays are not allowed.
Single operator, single station, phone only. Start KIT COMPLETE WITH
at 2400 GMT Friday, June 18, 1971 and i t will end
at 2400 GMT Sunday June 20 1971. Call and SPIDER
number exchange: ~ h ; call will be "CQ Panameri- ARMS
can Games". The report will be a five digit number: WIRE

~
signal report (RS) and a three d i g ~ t numeral
order: eg. 59018, 58132, etc. Logs: Separate BALUN KIT
sheets must be used for each band. The log must BOOM WHERE NEEDED
contain: date and GMT time, station worked, I '
number given and received and the points credited.
It must be s ecified if the station was AM o r SSB. SEE O U R F U L L PACE IN MAY ISSUE
20 points w i l be credited t o the s t a t ~ o nthgt sub-
mits in his log the list of countries that w ~ l ltake
Dart in the VI Panamerican Games and 10 more
Buy two elements now -
a third and fourth may
hnints to the station who fills in this information: be added later with little d o r t .
&o&aphic b & l i ~ o n of Cali, altitude above sea
level average temperature, populat~on, date o f Enjoy optimum forward gain on DX, with a
founbat~on and the name o f the founder. Logs maximum back to front mtio and excellent 8fde
must be mailed before August 31, 1971 to: Cali discrimination.
Concurso Panamericano (HK5 CCP), P. 0. Box

I1
6149. Cali, Colombia. Sur America. Get a maximum structural strength wfth laco
weight, wfny our "Tddetic" am.
I
QSO's EN ESPANOL and auf Deutsch on tapes end
cassettes. 11/4 hour Spanish course $11.95, 1 %
hour German course $13.95. Manuals only, $2.50
each. FOREIGN LANGUAGE QSO's, Box 53, Acton,
Mass. 01720.
I MANITOBA DESIGN INSTITUTE
AWARD W I N N E R

YOUR AD belongs here too. Commercial ads 25t

per word. Non-commercial ads 10C per word.
Commercial advertisers write for special discounts. 20 Burnett Avenue, LVinnepeg 16, Manitoba, Canada
for standing ads not changed each month.

M o r e Details? CHECK-OFF Page 94 june 1971 89

 . . .........
,

. sk
.
I- ..
• a INSTANT CIRCUIT BOARDS!
....
...I . .
- . a .

I NO ETCH NO MESS NO FUSS

INSTANT CIRCUIT BOARDS is a com-
plete new system of component sub-
jects with integrated circuits and tran-
sistors a real breeze. Sub-elements are
available for 8, 10, an 12-lead IC's all
elements and materials designed t o work transistors, dual in-line IC's, plus copper
together t o produce durable circuit boards. tape to complete the wiring. Other special
) CIRCUIT-STIK eliminates all drilling, photo sub-elements are also available. Three
work, and etching. Just stick the pressure different assortments are available. The
sensitive sub-elements down on pattern more expensive assortments contain more
P Vectorboard. They stick down firmly, sub-elements of a type and a larger piece
withstand soldering temperatures, yet can of board.
be picked up and moved for circuit Assortment CS-20 $5.50
changes. In fact, they make building pro- CS-30 $7.95, CS-40 $9.95

DELUXE SPACEIONE
RTTY DEMODULATOR
1 Visit Roger Miner's Surplus Electronics 246
Naugatuck Awe.. Milford, Conn. Ph. 8774555.
Nights 7 prn to 10 p m and all day Saturday.
F O ~ Sale: ~ohnso; Invader 2000. $500.00,
I Completely Solid Slate featuring
the latest integrated circuitry
Choice of three shifts 850-170-425
-
Heath SB.200. $165. NCX-3 - $175 w/ps. DX- - Choice of AM or FM operation
20 - $20.00. Super-Pro. $100.00, Swan 250c limiter or limiterless -
Sharp but-
-
w/ps $385.00. Collins 75S1 w/nbr $300.00. - terworth bandpass input filters -
HEWLETT-PACKARD 202c audio osc. - $30.00. Auto start - Anti space - Regulated power supply -
-
205ah audio osc. $40.00. 450a wide band Modern desk type gray hammertone cabinet llYzx8x7 -
amp.-$20.00. 460b wb amp. $25.00, 521 Many extra features and controls - 90 day warranty.
-
freq. counter f 150.00. 522b counter. $180..
415b swr meter - $40. Thousands of parts. SPECIAL INTRODUCTORY PRICE $250.00 FOB
High power amp. parts, power supplies. etc.. OPTIONAL EXTRA: J & J'S LOW DISTORTION HIGH
come see us. OUTPUT AFSK GENERATOR AT AN AOOlTlONAL COST

1 ' 3 6 4'o9.r 6 ,-ljinr.r

S U R P L U S ELECTI'RONICS COMPANY t m
OF $75.00.
J J & J ELECTRONICS
CANTERBURY. CONN.

E&WUWIC FIST . . T H E PROFESSIONAL KEYER

WE PAY HIGHEST 9
OST. March 1971 m POP. ELECT.. July 1970
CO. January 1971 m 73. January 1971
Ham Rzdao. Augun 1970. December 1970. March 1971
PRICES FOR ELECTRON r I C MEMORY FOR EK-39M n o r only 339 9 5 1 1
B m From your ham dcaln or dnr~ct.
TUBES AND SEMICONDUCTOR$ DtVlCfS -
no. m.~ " l . . vor. C.,,*nni. WDUI

-
H & L ASSOCIATES BOUND VOLUMES and BINDERS
Binders $3.95
ELIZABETHPORT INDUSTRIAL PARK 1969 & 1970 Bound Volumes each $14.95
ELIZABETH. NEW JERSEY 07206 Order f r o m
HAM RADIO MAGAZINE
(201) 351-4200

90 j u n e 1971 M o r e Details? CHECK-OFF Page 94

i BRAND.NEW SOLID-STATE SCOPE BARGAINS:
Wt a n now thc Dcslribvlor lor Lradtr Imlr. Corp. QUALITY.CONTROLLED
~mporls. Warranty IS 2 years on parts, 6 ma. on labor. Wt pay sh~ppmg
to your door at advertirtd pr(cts! H ~ r they r avr'
LB0.301 3" Porlablr t r ~ w r r t d . vtlh bolh wrlical 6 horiz. accurattly
r a l ~ b r a l d . CC.7 ~ ~ z ' p a r r3V1 mu rnlr stnstt. Swp 0.2 urrc 6 u .
5"~8"r12", 14 Ibs. 334.?0
WE PAY CASH
/ I
LBO-501: 5" tr~gqtrrd bflh wvt. 6 horiz. acc~raltly calib. DC.10

FOR TUBES
MHI 7 m* ;mr ~ensbt.'Sws 0.2 vsrc 6 up. 1 1 ~ ' ~ 8 ~ , 1 1 720 ~ ~ Ibs.
.
339 50

- - -

SCOPES 6 COUNTERS AT LOWEST PRICES EVER'

All xopcr chcrkcd for srttp dtll. qcd CR tubc. OHC 1OnrHaultd Lewispaul Electronics, Inc.
Calib.1 can b t added at cok, 9rtb m t to rrcrcd S75.W per (tern:
Some alrradv OHC'd Woll srnd drtaoltd $prcr on anything you ark aboul.
-- -
- -- - - -- ---- - 303 West Crescent Avenue
TEKTRONIX OSCILLOSCOPE BARGAINS:
503: 450 KHz p4Jr X-Y Scope . 395.00 Allandale, New Jersey 07401
519: DC-1000 MHz rral tlmr, OHC'd 2750.00
535: Blur, round-cmlxr DC.11 MHz. .02 uwc/cm 6 up. Clllbratrd
Variable Delay. Alrtady mtrhaultd 6 crrtlfttd 495.00
535A: Lalrr model, OC to 15 MHz, alnady mrrhavltd Jnd Callbzlcd_
>7,.w
911: DC to 30 MHz, 20 nstc/div. a d up . 550 00
545A: Same plus calib. variablr delay . . 750.00 MONARCH
RM45A: Sam, for rack m o v m i ~ .. , 700.00
RM545B: Rack-mtq 33 MHz pass, w/ublmt 875.00 SWR AND
5458. Clbimt model 925.00 POWER
5b4. Storaqr, woth 383 and 2-trace 311, alnrdy OHC'd .
. 1650.00
570: lvbc c u m tncer . 275.00 METER
575: Trrnrisla c u m t n c r r 675.00
bb1: W,th 451 6 5TlA, 2.tracr ull.lripgrrlq ramplira scow, DC.1000 Reads output and r e f l e c t e d power simultane-
MHz .. . 850 00
PLUGINS: 1U: 2.1nce 33 MHz 1225. 3576: 2.tract sampler $275. watts. Low
o u s l y . M a y be l e f t in l i n e up to 2000
8 : 5 mv 12 MHz 140, CA: 2.t;act 24 MHz 1125. CA already' 0HC.d insertion loss. Size 5 x 2 ~ 2 . Good to 175 Mhz.
5150. 5 1 / 9 0 : i mvlcm 135. 5 3 / 9 6 '20 MHz dlfIrrrnt&al 150:
G 560, L: 5 n, 30 MU,, 575. 5- Olcdt movrry, 1175. 86.~80.5 PRICE $14.95 Insured Postage & Handling $1.50
altm., SM. 82: 1 3 M
HEWLETT.PACKAR0 SCOPE BARGAINS:
MADISON ELECTRONICS SUPPLY
1 W A With 1405A 2.tracr 5 MHz 6 1422A rwrrwr plugins 6 2 pmbes.
With 1 4 2 A 2.tncs 20 MHz h 1420A nmpr. no pmbcs
m.00
750.00 1508 M c K l N N E Y - HOUSTON. TEXAS 77002

I OVERHAULED 6 CERTIFIED COUNTERS (713) 224-2668

Sol~d.Sutr 220 MHz CMC 737CU. 7 niuts, plus 525A 6 B Llphl 6
compact. 750 00
510 MHz Subrtltutr 52% for 5258. add 100 W
10 Hz.15 pHz. Rtad fng. on 7 DCU's, m rlpcbral B&mn 7370/7580
950 00
I ROTARY QSL FILE MODEL CB-8-H I
AN0 PLENlV RE^
Ask fw List #11& Displays and protects QSL'r
i n clear plastic pockets (3%
x 5%) i n c l u d e d f o r 160
cards, holds u p t o 500 cards.
Refllls available. Rotates on
b a s e a n d a turn o f k n o b
brings new cards i n t o view.
Cards held securely w i t h o u t

Morse Telegraph Club, Inc.

I -- glue o r mounting.
PRICE: 59.00 ppd. U.S.A.
Non.prof~t -
Historical i l l i m i s residents add 59'0
Fraternal Sales T a x
Dues $2 per annum
Write: S. L McLean. GS&T M-B PRODUCTS & SALES
5125 A ~ a d aStreet 1917 N. Lowell Ave., Chicago, 111. 60639
Torrance, C a 90503

NEW ! u€P€aTER /DtUT/F/€U !

The bfa, h box you ve. bet-n arknng lor

l W V A CARRIER RELAY. AUDIBLE MONITOR

MEETS FCC REOUIREMENTS. -40 TO +14D7F
Complete. p o g r a m m d IDE YOUR CALL).
R m $129 95 plus rh*ppong14 p w n d s l

'pd
.
OIPOLE lNVIRTLO VtL ON 160 MITERS
H a n d l e s 250W PEP (140W DC)

TOP BAND S r ~ mMade

~ ~ In U.S A - G u a r a n t e e d

5349 A b b e y f i e l d . Dept 3. Lon8 Beach. Calif. 90815

92 june 1971 More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 94

Many thousands of you have be-
come very familiar with the vari-
ous Radio Society of Great Britain
books and handbooks, but very
few of you are familiar with their
excellent magazine, Radio Com-
munication.
This is the oldest and most widely
read British amateur radio maga-
zine. Published monthly it pro- 7441 -- 2.00 7490 - 2.50
vides complete coverage includ~ng
such popular features as: Techni-
cal Topics, a monthly survey of
the latest ideas and circuits, Four
Meters and Down, a rundown of
the latest in VHF and UHF and
much more.
It includes numerous technical
and construction articles in addi-
tion to a complete rundown on
the month's events in amateur
radio. Surely a most interesting
addition to your amateur radio
activities.
-- -
- -
- -
--- -
-
- -

FIRE B BURGLAR ALA

We can now offer this fine maga-
zine to you along with the other 1971 Handbook LI Catalog
advantages of membership in the I
Save
RSGB (such as use of their out- Hundreds
going QSL Bureau) for $9.60 a of
year. Dollars
I'r,~fc.\cional equipment frolrl famous manu-
factl:rrr\. Kits). step by step illl~rtrnted instructions,
book division no spcci;~l tools required. Snve 1117 to 75%. This
handl,ook is a must h,r every hirrnt.owner and bosl-
nrsslnan. Jl~st$ 1 cash, check or M.O.
\\'rite \I' 1 JFT
corn- ALARM COMPONENT DISTRIBUTORS
Box 592 . Amherst, New Hampsh~re03031 33 NEW HAVEN AVE.. DEPT. HR
MILFORD, CONN. 06460

More Details? C H E C K - O F F P a g ~9 4 june 1 9 7 1 Q 93

Advertisers
1 I
A d ~ r l s e r index
!
check-off I I Amidon
Aerotron, Inc. ....................
Alarm Component Distributors .
.
..........................................
............................
Associates ........................................................
93
88

92
I Atlanta Hamfest ................................................................ 88
. . . for literature, in a hurry - Baker & Wlnnay .................................................................. 88
..........................................................69
wh your name to the companies I I Barry Electronics
Bob's Discount Electronics .................................87
whose names YOU "check-off" I Blulyne Electronics Corp. ............................................. 84

INDEX C
-Aerotron -Madison I Communication
-Alarm
-Alpha
-Meshna
-Micro2
II Comtec Books
-Amidon -Miner I1 Curtis Electro
-Atlanta -Morse Telegraphers I Dynamic Communications, Inc. ....................... 48, 49
--Baker & Winnay -Mosley I Ehrhorn Technological Operations .......... Cover II
-Barry
-Bob's
-National
Semiconductor I Eimac Division of Varian ............................. Cover IV

-8lulyne -Newtronlcs I Erikson Communications .................... . .................. 86

-Camp Butler -Palomar II Fair Radio Sales ................................................................. 82
-Circuit Specialists
--Communications
-Pearce.Simpson
-Pennwood
I Goodheart
G & G Radio Electronics Co. ......................................65
CO., Inc.. R. E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
World -R & R II Gray Electronics ..................................................... 86
-Comtec
-Curtis
-R-P
-Radiation
II H & L Associates ............................................... 90
-Dycomm -Callbook II HAL Devices ................................................ 55. 82
-Ehrhorn --Radio Constructor II Henry Radio ...................................................................
2
-Eimac
-Erikson
-SCF
-Sentry
II International Crystal Manufacturing Co. . . . . . 39
-Fair -Spectronics II J-J Electronrcs 90
-Goodheart -Spectrum II Jan Crystals 82
-Gray
-H & L
-Structural Glass II Just~n, lnc. 85
-Swan LA Electronlx Sales 86
-HAL -Top Band Lewtspaul Electron1 92
-Henry -Tri.Ex
-International Crystal -Triangle MB Products an 92
-.Id -Triplett Mad~sonElectro 92
-Jan -Vanguard Meshna. John 93
-Justin -Weinschenker M ~ c r oZ Co. 82
-L A -World QSL 90
-Lewispaul Morse Telegraphers 92
-M B
Newtronlcs Corp 5
Palomar Eng~neers 84
June 1971 89
Please use before July 31, 1971 R & R Electron~cs 77, 79
R P Electron~cs 78
Tear off and mail t o Rad~oAmateur Callbook. Inc 82. 86, 88
HAM RADIO MAGAZINE - "check.off" R a d ~ o Constructor 72
Greenville. N. H. 03048
SCF Corporation 81
1
Spectronlcs 95. 96. Cover I l l
NAME ............................
............................................................. Spectrum lnternatlonal 73
Structural Glass, Ltd. 89
CALL................................................. Swan Electron~cs 27. 74. 75
Top Band Systems 92
STREET. ............................................................................................. Trl Ex Tower Cor 81
Tr~angle Antennas 91

CITY.......................................................................................................... Vanguard Labs 84

Weinschenker, 76
STATE ZIP World QSL Bu 88
 Now you don't have to pay
-

twice the price

to get twice the rig.
T.-

Picture this pair in

your shack. The Yaesu
FLdx 400 transmitter
-0 - 0 -6:6 -.
--.. ' 1
a n d t h e FRdx 400 1 b 0 ' I . w v 3
receiver. Loaded with .- - - - - -- . -- - -- _- 2 L _
power. Loaded with w
-- - 1 11 II
sensitivity. Loaded with features. Loaded meters -with an optional provision for
with value. Read on, and discover how you certain other bands that you can person-
can have the most up-to-date receiver- ally specify. For all that, you pay just
transmitter rig in the world.. . and at an $299.95.
unbelievably low price.

The FRdx 400 Receiver

Get a big ear on the world with complete
amateur band coverage from 160 meters 4
through 2 meters, including WWV and CB
reception. Four mechanical filters do it- II IJ
they provide CW, SSB, AM and FM selec-
tivity. Separate AM-SSB-FM detectors are FL2000 B Linear Amplifier.
included, along with squelch and transmit Ideal companion to the Series 400, this
monitor controls. Plus a noise limiter and hand-crafted linear is another example of
a variable delay AGC. And a built-in notch Yaesu's unbeatable combination of high
filter with front panel adjust for notch depth. quality and low cost. Designed to operate
The FRdx includes calibration markers at at 1500 Watts PEP SSB and 1000 watts CW,
100 KHz and 25 KHz, with accurate cali- this unit provides superb regulation-
brator checks verified by WWV. A solid- achieved by a filter system with 28 UF effec-
state FET VFO for unshakable stability. And tive capacity.
a direct-reading 1 KHz dial affords fre- Other features include dual cooling fans
quency read-out to less than 200 Hertz. (one for each tube), individual tuned input
The FRdx 400 sells for $359.95. coils on each band for maximum efficiency
and low distortion, and a final amplifier of
the grounded grid type using two rugged
carbon-plate 572 B tubes. Ready to operate
The FLdx 400 Transmitter at only $299.95.
Here's how to set yourself up with dual
receive, transceive or split VFO operation.
The F L ~ X 400 with its com~anionreceiver SPECTRONlCS WEST
brings you the ultimate in operational flex-
ibility. Flexibility like frequency spotting,
VOX, break-in CW, SSB, AM and even an
optional FSK circuit.
SPECTRONlCS
- - EAST
- - - - - - -~ - - -

I)rpl I I . Iiox 1457. >l<vw,Oht,> .1.12?.1 / (21hl 'I?7-.15h:

The completely self-contained FLdx 400 I--------------------
features a built-in power supply, fully adjust- Please send new color catalog of a l l Yaesu I
able VOX, a mechanical SSB filter, metered I ~roducls. I
ALC, IC and PO. A completely solid-state II '
Enclosed find $
I
FET VFO provides rock-solid frequency I
stability. I Please send model(s) -- i
We rate the FLdx 400 very conservatively. I I
1 Name-- - _____-__ I
That rating guarantees you 240 W PEP input
SSB, 120 W CW and 75 W AM. The FSK I Address - - I
option will go all day at a continuous 75 W. II City---State- Zip--_
I
And you get full frequency coverage on all A l l prices F.O.B. Signal Hill, Ca.
I
amateur bands-80 meters through 10 I-------------------- I

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 94 june 1971 95

 Here's just half a dozen
reasons why the Yaesu FT-101
is the world's best portable rig.

Those six computer-type plug-in modules hold The FT-101 is a thirty-pound package of DX
most of the FT-101's 10 FET's, 3 IC's, 31 silicon punch, air-ready when you are, wherever you are.
transistors and 38 silicon diodes. Being solid- Just add an antenna, feed it 12 or 117 volts, and
state, they're built to give you years of superior you're ready to work the world.
performance. But if any one of them ever gives So sure are we of the 101's solid-state relia-
you trouble, you simply mail it back to us for a bility, we guarantee it for one year from date of
factory-new replacement module. purchase. And we guarantee you that it will be
Not that you should expect trouble. What you a very good year.. .the first of many to come.
should expect - and what you get -
is the most The FT-101 -only $499.95.

SPECTRONICS WEST
SPECTRONlCS EAST
I
....................
i)(,~'l H, liox 14i; \l,iw OIII(, . l i ? ? i i ( 2 1 h l Q:1 -150'

Please send new color catalog of all Yaesu I

sensational portable rig ever offered to the Amer- I products. I
ican amateur. With features like these: a built-in
VOX, 25 KHz and 100 KHz calibrators, the WWV
I Enclosed find l
I
I
10 MHz band, a high Q permeability tuned RF i Please send model(s) I
stage and a 5 KHz clarifier. And 260 W PEP, 180 I I
W CW and 80 W AM. With 0.3 microvolts receiv- I Name I
ing sensitivity - for a 10 db signal-to-noise ratio.
Not to mention a built-in 12 VDC and 117 VAC i Address II
power supply. Plus an in-motion necessity - a
noise blanker that picks out noise spikes, leaving
i city S t a t e
All prices F.O.B. Signal
z i p
Hill. Ca.
i
only clean noise-free signal copy behind. I,--,--,--- I

96 june 1 9 7 1 More Details? C H E C K - O F F Page 94

The Yaesu FTdx 560
is a great rig,
but it's no bargain.

At $450, it's a steal.

Considerina all the FTdx

560 offers, you might think its
$450 price tag was for a kit.
But it isn't.
You get a powerful, air-
ready station. A handsome,
completely hand-crafted
transceiver that's fully guar-
anteed for one year.
You'll have maximum input
of 560 watts PEP in the S-Sf3
mode or 500 watts CW. And
except for speaker, mike and 1
antenna, you'll have nothing
else to buy. Power supply, WWV,
calibrators, VOX, warranty and
I
all the other items you usually have 7
to pay extra for are included.
One more point: About 90%of
the amateur stations in the Orient are
Yaesu: in E u r o ~ e it
. runs about 80%.
~ h e ~ 'good.
r e it is quite likely Yaesu
is the best transceiver made anywhere in
the world.
Send for our free information packet
that tells the Yaesu story and gives you
facts, specifications and schematics for
the FTdx 560. The radio you can steal.
1 a
....................
Please send new color catalog of all Yaesu 1
I ~r0duCtS. I
I Enclosed find I
I
I
I Please send model(s) I
SPECTRONICS WEST II
I
Name
I
I
[)(%plH, 14'11 E. 2 R l h . 51!:n.ll II1II. Cd. OllllM) 1 ? 1 3 ) 426-2593
I Address i
I
SPECTRONICS EAST S t a t e z i p - -
All prices F.0 B. Slgnal Hill, Ca.
I
I ) ~ p lI I Hox 14;- 5iow 01,111 J J ? ? I / (216,'121 I50' I 1
 <*E"*>

/' L
- r r -
- 7*
(2000 watts output at 30 MHz is easy)

On your right is the new, rugged, ElMAC segmented, self-focusing cathode

ceramic/metal8877 high-mu power triode provide low grid interception and the low
by EIMAC. Another state-of-the-art tube. grid drive requirement; both of paramount
Only three and one-half inches high, importance in the VHF region.
this low-profile, heavy-duty tube Although primarily designed for
has a plate dissipation rating o superlative linear amplifier
watts, a maximum plate volt- service demanding low
age rating of 4000 and a intermodulation distortion,
maximum plate current the 8877's high efficiency
rating of one ampere. In the permits effective operation
HF region, typically, the as a class C power amplifier
8877 coasts along at a continuous or oscillator, or as a plate
duty level of 3500 watts PEP modulated amplifier. The
input. A peak drive signal of zero bias characteristic is
only 65 watts is required. This impres-
sive power gain is achieved with 3rd
1( ( 1 useful for these services. as plate
dissipation is held to a safe level if
order intermodulation distortion drive power fails, up to an anode
products - 38 decibels below potential of 3 kV.
one tone of a two equal-tone The sophisticated circuit
drive signal. connoisseur will appreci-
This magnificent power ate the many advantages
triode is rated at full input to of this newly developed
250 MHz. The low impedance power tube. Write for detailed
grid structure is terminated in information. And remember
a contact ring about the base of -the 8877 is another example
the tube, permitting very effective of EIMAC's ability to provide to-
intrastage isolation to be morrow's power tube today.
achieved up to the outer For additional information
frequency limit of opera- on this or other products,
tion. The close tolerance contact EIMAC, 301 Indus-
grid, moreover, is composed trial Way, San Carlos,
of aligned, rectangular bars California 94070. Phone
-GRID
to achieve maximum grid -EMITTER
(415) 592-1221 (or call the
dissipation and controlled ?YFF2
-L, '-CATHODE nearest Varian/EIMAC
transconductance. This Parallel electron ' guns" pro- Electron Tube and Device
v ~ d e electron focusing, low
aligned grid, plus the ~nterrnodulallond ~ s t o r t ~ o nand
, Group Sales Office.)
low g r ~ dlnterceptlon