OCTOBER 1976

* high-frequency receiver design 10

rnultiband hf converter 32

0 microwave amplifier design 40

two-channel vhf-frn receiver 48 ,

@ four-band vhf converter 64 ~
and much more.. . I
 . are required Solid-state 5 digit LED receive fre-

148MHz) for transmit and receive Automatic repeater

split (selectable up or down) 2 built-in programmable
channels $495.00.
For over 40 years.. .dedicated to amateur
radio.. .to offering the finest products.. .to
dependable service.

the active 2 meter enthusiast. Features all

mode operation - SSBlFMlCWlAM - with
circuitry. Has tunable VFO and 4 MHz band repeater offset capability. Advanced phase
coverage (144 to 148 MHz). Automatically lock loop circuitry, computer-type modular
construction. Preset pass band tuning pro-
vides the optimun selectivity and performance
through its built-in power supply needed on today's active 2 meter band. Com-
ing frequency stability Complete plete 144-148 MHz coverage. Built-in AC and
DC power supplies and speaker. . . . . .$679.00

Plus a large staff of highly qualified sales and service

personnel pledged to serve you. Henry Radio carries large
stocks of all major brands. We take trade-ins, sell used
bracket and power cord supplied. ATempo "best buy" equipment and offer better terms because we carry our
own financing. Our reconditioned equipment carries a
HF A M P L I F I E R S 15 day trial. 90 day warranty and may be traded back-
Solid state power amplifies for within 90 days for full credit toward the purchase of new
use in most land mobile applica- equipment. Export inquiries solicited. Also, military,
tions. Increase the range, clarity, commercial, industrial, and scientific users ...p lease write
reliability and speed of two way for information on our custom line of high power linear
amplifiers and RF power generators.
communications.

We stock the Bird Model 43 Wattmeter and accessories.

Pt~cess u b ~ c tto change wllhout notbce

, ,
, ,

11240 W. Olympic Blvd., 10s Angeles, Calif. 90064 2131477-6701

931 N. Euclid, Anaheim, Calif. 92801 7141772-9200
Butler, Missouri 64730 816f679.3127
Sends code so smooth vou'll
think it's part of your hahd
The Heathkit HD-1410 Solid-State Electronic Code
...
Keyer makes operating CW a real pleasure! Separate "There's more for
dot and dash paddles are fully adjustable so you get
the exact "feel" you like. The dots and dashes are self-
completing and always in the proper proportion, so
your CW signal is accurate and precise. Iambic opera-
tion lets you form characters with

C"J
J
=
minimal wrist movement for com-
) fortable, fatigue-free sending. And

the HD-1410's solid-state output

eliminates the bouncing and stick-
ing problems found in many relay-type keyers.
You can build the HD-1410 to send 10-35 wpm while
4

you're a Novice, and a simple adjustment will increase ,

its capability to 10-60 wpm when you advance.
,,,,m
The HD-1410 is just one of the many superb
Amateur Radio kits in the new Heathkit cats- r
,,,,,,,,,,

I
Heath Company, Oept. 122-22
Benton Harbor. Michigan 49022
-

log. Get your FREE copy now!

I Please send me my FREE Heathkit Catalog.
I am not on your mailing list. I
I
I
u
HEATHKIT CATALOG I
Send for your copy today! iI ciw State
I

i
Heath Company, Oept. 122-22
I AM-337 ZIP I
Benton Harbor, Michigan 49022 LI=I=I-=I~~J
More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134 october 1976 1
 Stay tuned for future programs.

The HAL ST-6000 demodulator lishing different tone pairs. You can of codes, including Baudot. ASCII
/keyer and the DS-3000 and DS-4000 select AM or hard-limfting FM modes and Morse. The powerful, program-
KSRIRO series of communications of operation to accommodate differ- mable 8080A microprocessor is in-
terminals are designed to give you ent operating conditions. An internal cludedin the circuitry to assure maxi-
superlative l T Y performance today monitor scope (shown on model mumflexibilityforyour present needs
-and in the future. DS series termi- above) allows fast, accurate tuning. -and for the future. The KSR models
nals, for example, are re-program- The ST-6000 has an outstandingly offer you full editing capability. The
mable, assuring you freedom from high dynamic range of operation. video display is a convenient 16-line
obsolescence.Sophisticated systems Data I10 can be RS-232C. MIL-188C format, of 72 characters per line.
all, these HAL products are attrac- or current I . These are some of the highlights.
tively priced-for industry, govern- The D S - s a n d DS-4000 series of The full range of features and speci-
ment and serious amateur radio KSRand RO terminals provide silent. fications for the ST-6000 and the DS
operators. reliable, all-electronic TTY transmis- series of KSR and RO terminals
The HAL ST-6000 operates a t sionand reception, or read-onlv (RO) is covered i n comprehensive data
standard shifts of 850. 425, and sheets available on request.Write for
170 Hz. The tone keyer is crystal- them now-and tune In to the most
controlled. Loop supply is internal. sophisticated m operation you can
Active filtersallow flexibilityin estab- ...
have today or in the future.
umlm
HAL Communications Corp., Box 365,807 E. Green Street
Urbana, Illinois 61801 Telephone: (217) 367-7373

2 october 1976 More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134

 ham
:T'0
radio magazine

VC

contents
10 high-frequency receiver design
Ulrich L. Rohde, DJ2LR

26 double-conversionhigh-frequency receiver
Jack Perolo, PY2PE1C

32 multiband high-frequency converter

M.A. Chapman, K6SDX

40 solid-state microwave amplifier design

ham radic
H. Paul Shuch, WAGUAM

48 two-channel receiver for repeater monitorin

R.B. Shreve, W8GRG

52 updating tube-type fm receivers

H.M. Meyer, Jr., W6GGV

54 RC active filters
Fred M. Griffee, W4lYB

60 wideband receiver preamp

Edward A. Pacyna. Jr., W1 AAZ

64 four-band vhf receiving converter

S.A. Smith, W3TQM

71 phasing-type signal detector

Donald B. Lawson, WBSCYY

T 4 a second look 82 new products

134 advertisers index 134 reader service
111 flea market 85 short circuits
120 ham mart 6 stop press
78 ham notebook

october 1976 3
 In their quest for new sources of needed energy, researchers at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory in
California are putting together the world's largest laser in an effort to exploit the ultimate energy source -
the same fusion energy as that used by the stars. The 200-foot (60m) long laser, which is scheduled to be
completed by early 1977, is expected to produce 25-million watts of electricity. Initially, i t will take more
energy than this to make it work, so the system will operate at a net energy loss, but scientists expect to
upgrade the mammoth to 100- to 300-trillion watts, and by 1980 it should make world history by
generating more energy than it actually consumes. When that happens, it will signal the birth of the fusion
age and the beginning of civilization's independence from scarce oil, gas, coal and atomic fuels.
Water, the fuel for fusion, has a fantastic amount of energy locked inside: the heavy hydrogen (an
isotope called deuterium) in just 75 gallons of water could light New York City for nearly 10 minutes!
Although scientists have known about this cheap and inexhaustible energy source for more than thirty
years, harnessing it is no easy trick. Stars solve the problem by compressing the hydrogen and heating it to
extreme temperatures, and then use their immense gravitational pull to confine the plasma so it can't
escape. This works just fine if you're as large as a star (our sun is 864,000 miles in diameter), but here on
earth the job will be done with a powerful laser which is carefully focused on a pinhead-sized pellet of
heavy hydrogen fuel, instantly heating i t to a tremendous temperature. Part of the pellet's outer shell is
blasted outward; the inner part, however, implodes and compresses the fuel to 10,000 times i t s normal
density. At the instant this happens the fuel fuses into lithium and emits a shower of heat and light. A thin
layer of liquid lithium, which covers the spherical implosion chamber, carries away the heat which is used
to drive turbines.
The huge laser, called Shiva after the Hindu god of destruction and reproduction, actually consists of
twenty 1000-joule lasers, each about 150 feet (46m) long, arranged somewhat like a Gatling gun. Each of
the individual lasers consists of a chain of seven elements: a master laser oscillator followed by six laser
amplifiers which pumps out an intense pulse of light - equivalent to 10-million megawatts - lasting about a
billionth of a second. Each of the 20 beams of carefully shaped and timed laser light simultaneously enter
the ports of the implosion chamber and blast the fuel pellet into oblivion. The next pellet i s then inserted
into the center of the chamber and, once again, implodes after being blasted.
Although there are still a number of problems to be resolved, scientists are confident they will have the
first successful fusion reactor in operation by early next year. It will take four or five more years to bring
the system on line, but even at that, Shiva looks like the most promising new energy source to come down
the pike in a good many years.
Jim Fisk, W1 DTY
editor-in-chief

4 october 1976
 -low It's Crystal Clear
lea, now ICOM helps you steer clear of all t h e hassles of channel crystals. The new
IC-22s is t h e same surprising radio you've come t o know and love as t h e IC-22A,
except that it is totally crystal independent. Zero crystals. Solid state engineering
enables you to program 23 channels of your choice without waiting. Now the
ICOM performance you've demanded comes with t h e convenience you've wanted,
with your new IC-22s.

ICOM WEST, INC. ICOM EAST, INC. ICOM CANADA

Su~te3 Suite 307 3891 Oak Street
13256 Northrup Way . 3331 Towerwood Drive Vancouver B.C. V8H 2M8
Bellevue, Wash. 98005 Dallas. Texas 75234 Canada
(206) 747-9020 (214) 620-2780 (604) 733-9819

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134 october 1976 55

 FIRST TWO METER WORKED ALL STATES was achieved by KflMQS when he worked K6YNBlKL7 via
moonbounce August 11th. The Alaska contact was oarticularlv timelv for K0MOS . . as he'd
just nailed his 49th state - Idaho - when he cbntacted W ~ ~ J B I on August 2. The QSO
with KOMQS was, coincidentally, K6YNBIKL7's first EME contact though the DXpedition
station had made some Perseids contacts.
VHFIUHF Bands Continued to offer "DX" treats with long-haul contacts almost a daily
happening on two meters during early August. W2BOC has asked for log data from any
stations that participated in the June 26-28 openings on two and six meters to aid in
sporadic E propagation studies he's making.
SALE OF GENERAL CLASS AMATEUR LICENSES is being checked by FBI in Indianapolis and
possi y ot er cities. An artic e in t e Indiana olis Star describes a supposed ring
of Amtieurshwho were telling pro.lpectiv;
*mA my can bypass rigorous testing
procedures by,,purchasinga General Class ham license for $200" from the gang.
A "Mr. Big in the operation is described in the article as "a government employee
in Pennsylvania" who has access to the FCC's computers and, for a price,: is "willing to
feed the data into the computers to make sure a license will be issued.
The FBI's Agent In Charge in Indianapolis confirmed that an investigation is in pro-
gress but had no further details. Contacts at the FCC in Washington were not aware of
either the story or the newspaper's report of it. Apparently a number of Indianapolis
area Amateurs have been visited by the FBI investigators, and one of them said that an
agent told him the Indianapolis investigation is "just the tip of the iceberg!"
FCC IS COMING DOWN HARD on bootleggers operating between the 27-MHz CB band and 10
meters. FCC azents and U.S. Marshalls nailed a dozen of the outlaw oDerators in a
July raid in northern New Jersey, and seized an estimated $10,000 in kadio gear.
Amateur Input On Unlicensed and/or out-of-band operators played a big part in the
investigation, and FCC/Justice Department people in other parts of the country are also
using reports from Amateur radio monitors.
Most Valuable Data is that providing general operating patterns of illegal operation
in a given area. Recent discussions with key FCC enforcement people cited reports of
specific frequencies, operating times and general location of operators as being of
prime importance, with detailed dossiers on one or two violator's activities of lesser
interest. Reporters should also specify what they use for monitoring and their loca-
tion - information can go to any FCC Field Office or Monitoring Station.
"WN" NOVICE PREFIXES will no longer be issued after October 1, and Novice licensees
dill receive the same prefixes as higher class license holders. In its announcement of
the change August 19th, the Commission cited processing problems as the prime reason
for the change - its computer has had some difficulty in translating a WN into a WA,
WB, or (recently) WD, resulting in the issuance of some duplicate calls.
Present Novice Licensees whose licenses expire after October 1 will also be changing
prefixes - the commission plans to issue them new licenses with the appropriate new
prefix - until a new license,,isfctually received, however, ,3 presently-licensed
Novice should continue using WN.
WD Callsi ns are being issued or are on the verge of being issued in the Znd, 4th,
1-ht6 areas, according to the Commission's release on the Novice change,
and WDs are imminent in the 5th, 9th and 0 districts.
TWO LETTER CALL REQUESTS have totaled about 400 since July 1st with 75 or so of
those from two-letter-call holders wishing to change. A few requests continue to
trickle in, and the fourth district has very few 1x2 calls leEt. Though the next
group of eligible Amateurs will use up some of those remaining, the next big,,influxof
requests is expected in January. Don't be surprised to hear !I prefixes and X" calls
such as W9XA by then.
PACKRATS' SOUTH AMERICAN MOONBOUNCE DXpedition in August was a resounding success
with 16 stations in 8 countries worked off the moon on 432 MHz. First contact was with
K2UYH, providing him with the first E-M-E WAC, followed by W3CCX, FgFT, I5MSH, PAflSSB,
LXlDB, K3PGP, VE7BBG, WlJAA, JAlVDV, K8UQA, W4ZX1, WlSL, WflYZS, KflTLH and SM5LE. In
addition to E-M-E operation, over 40 OSCAR 7 Mode B contacts were also logged before
the group shut down-to return to the States
AMSAT'S ASCII STA has been granted and is good through February 6. More experimental
use of ASCII through the satellites is being encouraged.
TOM McMULLEN, WlSL, has joined Ham Radio as managing editor. Tom, a well-known
VHFIUHF experimenter, has been ~ ~ ~ ' s ~ mTechnical
a n t Editor.
Charlie Carroll, WlGQO, until recently a member of the ARRL technical staff, has
also joined Ham Radio as an assistant editor. Welcome aboard!

6 october 1976
 I f you're fighting the constant battle of limited band The DenTron 80-10 AT (D.) i s a random wire, 80-10
width, high SWR ratios, inefficient low-pass TVI filter meter tuner which is ideal for portable operation or apart-
operation due to high SWR you're not alone. ment dwellers.
DenTron makes the Problem Solvers. Every serious ham knows he must read both forward
The DenTron tuners give you maximum power transfer and reverse wattage simultaneously for that perfect match.
from your transmitter to your antenna, and isn't that where So upgrade with the DenTron W-2 Dual in line Wattmeter.(C.)
it really counts? The flexibility we build into our Tuners make any
Our Super Tuners(A. 0. & E.) are the only tuners on the previous tuner you might have owned obsolete.
market that match everything between 160 and 10 meters.
Whether you have balanced line, coax cable, random or . Super Tuner 1KW PEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $129.50
long wire the DenTron SuperTuners will match the antenna Super Super Tuner 3 KW PEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $229.50
impedance to your transmitter. W-2 Wattmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 99.50
D. 80-10 AT 500 W PEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 59.50
NEW: The Monitor Tuner (E.) was designed because of E. Monitor Tuner 3 KW PEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $299.50
overwhelming demand. Hams told us they wanted a 3 All DenTron products are made in U.S.A.
killowatt tuner with a built-in wattmeter, a front panel
antenna selector for coax, balanced line and random wire.
2100 Enterprise Parkmy
So we engineered the 160-10m Monitor Tuner. It's a life
Twinsburg. Ohlo 44087
time investment at $299.50
Radio Co.. Inc. (216)425-3173
TRIO-KENWOOD COMMUNICATIONS INC.
 ither yay is the

Kenwood's superb 2-meter F M mobile transceiver.

Designed to withstand the most severe punishment
while providing consistently excellent performance.

U-- Packed with features

like t h e PRIORITY
function. . . Put your
favorite crystals in
channel 7, and the
7 2 0 0 ~switches there with the push of a button.. .
the TR-2200A
Kenwood's high performance portable 2-meter FM
no matter what channel you are on. 146-148 MHz
coverage, 2 2 channels, 6 supplied. Completely solid
state. Voltage required: 13.8 VDC. Antenna imped-
transceiver. . . completely transistorized, rugged and ance: 5 0 ohms. Frequency adjusting trimmers on
com~act. every crystal. RF output power: 1 0 watts (or 1 watt
at low power). Adjustable frequency deviation (fac-
12 channel capacity. Built i n telescoping antenna
tory set at 5 5 kHz). Automatic VSWR protection.
can be easily Or in case' Receiver sensitivity less than .5 uV for 2 7 dB. Selec-
Connector for external antenna also. External 12 VDC tivity: 1 2 k ~ ~ / d~
- 6 and 2 4 k ~ ~ i - 7d 0~ size:
.
or internal ni-cad batteries, complete with 1 2 0 VAC 7-1 / 1 6 " W x 2-3/eV H x 9-7/16" D, 5-1 / 2 ~ b s .
battery charger. 146-14 8 MHz frequency coverage.
Complete with dynamic mike, DC power cord, mobile
1 2 channels, 6 supplied. Battery saving "light off"
mount, mike hanger, auxiliary connector and external
position. Hi-Lo power switch (2 watts - 4 0 0 mW).
Speaker plug. Amateur net . . . S249.00.
Sensitivity: 0.5 uV or less/26 dB S+N /N. Built-in
The perfect companion to the TR-7200A is the PS-5
speaker. Size: 5-3/8"x 2-5/16"x 7-1 /8", 3 - 3 / 4 Ibs.
AC/DC power supply. Together they provide an
Complete with Dynamic mike, 0-T-S carrying Case, efficient and handsome base station. The pS-5 is
all cables, speaker/headphone plug and 1 0 Ni-Cad complete with a digital clock and automatic time
batteries. Amateur net. . . $229.00. control feature built in. Amateur net.. . $79.00.

-.
- - --

KEN
--i...--]-@ WOOD - - --

. . ---r- ---- 7 ..
.
.,,,,I t .\I l l l ~ l -111 ~ l l l t l l l ~ ~r (l 1l (-/ 1 0
-- - _J
 optimum design for
high-frequency
communications receivers
I f we talk about a good shortwave receiver, we must
define "good" in terms of receiver electrical character-
High-performance circuits istics. Table 1 provides these characteristics for a short-
w v e receiver that is required for today's operation.
are described Many amateurs equate "good" with noise figure or
signal-to-noise ratio. It has been recently agreed that a

for communications receivers [ noise figure less than 10 dB is not essential for high-
frequency amateur receivers. In some military and
systems-oriented applications a noise figure of 6 dB or
operating in the less is required for example, in systems using low-
efficiency antennas such as whips. Unfortunately, some-
10-kHz to 30-PlHz range times some of this equipment is used with large anten-
nas, so a large dynamic range in the receiver is needed
despite the low noise figure.
What about oscillator radiation? The technique used
by Southcom and being adapted by Atlas requires highly
The design of shortwave receivers has changed signifi- efficient shielding and filtering t o avoid oscillator power
cantly in past years. Early receivers used double- or even feedthrough to the antenna input terminal. Commer-
triple frequency conversion, and selectivity was achieved cially designed receivers for the military market must
at a fairly low frequency; for example, 455 kHz. Fig. 1 is have a maximum of 15 m~crovoltsreradiation of the
a block diagram of this type receiver. Since the i-f had to oscillator signal - a requirement that practically none of
be higher or lower than the frequency bands of these the amateur receivers on today's market can fulfill.
receivers, the i-f was usually set below 2 MHz, which
resulted in image problems. To overcome this, many
new receiver design
tuned circuits were required in the rf stages, and oscilla- Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a reciever with a first i-f
tor tracking became quite another problem. of 40.525 MHz. This receiver covers 10 kHz t o 30 MHz.
Present-day design avoids these expensive mechanical The reason for choosing this i-f is that one of the
arrangements thanks to the availability of crystal filters standard i-fs in Europe is 525 kHz (455 kHz in the U.S.).
in the 30- to 120-MHz range. If an intermediate fre- By using a 40-MHz signal derived from an in.:rnal fre-
quency higher than the highest frequency of reception is quency standard, conversion from the first t o the second
used, three advantages occur: i-f can be accomplished easily.
The signal at the antenna passes through a 30-MHz
1. To achieve constant image and i-f suppression, a
lowpass filter and, depending on the selection of the
simple lowpass filter with a cutoff frequency of 31 MHz
recep, Jn frequency, through either a high- LA lowpass
can be used, guaranteeing at least 80 dB suppression.
filter with a 2-MHz cutoff and one of eight auto-
Such a filter will also substantially reduce local-oscillator
matically selected bandpass filters in the range of 2 t o 30
power radiation.
MHz. The signal is then applied t o a balanced power
2. With both the oscillator and : crmediate frequencies
amplifier through an automatic attenuator circuit con-
higher than the highest frequency of reception, gaps in
sisting of negative temperature coefficient and positive
receiver coverage are eliminated (a receiver with an i-f at
temperature coefficient resistors. The 30-MHz filter
5.5 MHz, for example, precludes tuning between approx-
rejects image frequencies. The 2-MHz highpass filter
imately 5 and 6 MHz).
separates the broadcast range with i t s often very high
3. The ratio of the oscillator frequency range (maxi-
field strength from the high-frequency region and
mum/minimum) is, by definition, less than 2: 1.
prevents BC signals from arriving at the mixer. An

I
Additional input selectivity can be obtained by using independent agc circuit (not a limiter) is used in addition
fairly wide cross-modulation and intermodulation filters to the normal agc system. This independent agc circuit
which operate in fixed-frequency bands. Thus the
receiver can use bands of constant width; that is, in By Ulrich L. Rohde, DJ2LR, 52 Hillcrest Drive,
1-MHz intervals. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
 responds when signals equal to or above 100 mV are fed tween f75 Hz to f 6 kHz, which permits optimum
to the receiver input. This circuit acts as an automatic matching to the bandwidths required in the various
attenuator and protects all following stages from being modes of operation (slow CW, frequency-shift tele-
overdriven without introducing any measurable distor- graphy or broadband telephony). Since individually
tion of its own. A push-pull power amplifier stage switchable filters would hardly prove practical for such a
following the input filters uses heavy feedback to keep large number of different bandwidths, a new double
second- and third-order intermodulation distortion mixer with fixed-tuned filters has been designed (fig. 3 ) .
products as low as possible. The 525-kHz intermediate frequency with its side-

RF
AMPLIFIER MIXER

300 #Hz- 30 3 Mh'r

fig. 1. Block diagram of a single-conversion. l o w i-f, general coverage communications receiver typical of that
used b y many radio amateurs. The intermediate frequency is usually set below the tuning range of the
receiver, as shown here, b u t this results i n image problems o n the higher frequencies.

The signal is converted to the first i-f in a high-level band of k 6 kHz maximum is first converted into the
+17 dBm or higher double-balanced mixer and applied range 52 to 64 kHz. It is then applied to a bandpass
to a cross-modulation filter. This filter is a low-ripple, filter with a steep-edged selectivity characteristic at 64
6-pole crystal filter with a bandwidth of f 6 kHz or less, kHz and converted to the original i-f. If the oscillator
depending on i t s purpose. This filter suppresses adjacent frequency is varied in the proper direction, the shift of
signals, which might otherwise produce cross modulation the reduced i-f toward the steep filter edge clips or
in subsequent stages. A high-level double-balanced mixer completely suppresses one sideband. Using the same
is also used for converting the first i-f to the second i-f oscillator frequency for mixing and remixing prevents
(525 kHz), where main selectivity occurs. The band- any frequency errors from occurring between input and
width of the second i-f stage is selectable in steps be- output, which might affect receiver setting accuracy.
The position of the sidebands with respect to the carrier
also remains unchanged. This arrangement is followed by
table 1. Electrical characteristics for a modern shortwave receiver. a similarly designed selective circuit that can limit the
Frequency range 10 kHz t o 30 MHz other sideband. Similar selective filters are used in both
Antenna connection 50 ohms, unbalanced circuits so that the oscillator frequency is symmetrical
Preselection: lowpass filter
10 kHz-2 MHz Bandpass filters f o r about the 525-kHz i-f. Thus, a frequency variation by
-
2 30 MHz -
2 3 MHz, 3 - 5 MHz, 5 7 MHz - the same amount but in the reverse direction results in a
-
7 10 MHz, 10 - 13 MHz, 13 17 MHz - symmetrical bandwidth change. The selectivity at a
-
17 22 MHZ, 22 - 30 MHZ 500-Hz spacing from the adjusted bandwidth is at least
Setting accuracy Better than 50 Hz; counter display
10 Hz, 1 Hz preferred
60 dB, and the ripple within the i-f passband is about
Noise figure about 10 d~ k1.5 dB.
odes o f operation CW, MCW, a-m, dsb, ssb, afsk If filters with the same selectivity are used, doubie
I-f bandwidth t75 HZ t o * 6 HZ i n steps mixina- ensures an identical.. svmmetrical
. skirt selectivitv
Shape factor A t least 1:1.45 (6/60d B down)
of the i-f passband characteristic, constant skirt selec-
I-f and image rejection Greater than 80 d B
Crossmodulation Less than 2% demodulation with ,, tivity for each bandwidth, and a phase delay character-
istic symmetrical with the center frequency. With a-m
emf interfering signal and less than 10%
w i t h 5 v e m f interfering signal reception, therefore, no distortion occurs due to delav
Blocking through 3 dB w i t h an unmodulated unwanted time.. With commonly used crystal or mechanical filters
second signal signal spaced 30 kHz from, and 100 d B
above, desired signal o f 1 p V
this high phase and gain linearity can't be achieved under
lntermodulation distortion any circumstances.
I n band >50 d B w i t h t w o 50 m V emf tones This method also provides a simple means of sup-
Second order >90 d~ w i t h t w o 5 m V emf tones pressing the upper or lower sideband during ssb recep-
T h i r d order > 8 0 d~ w i t h t w o 5 m V emf tones tion. By setting the oscillator of the first and second
s meter Should be calibrated i n p V . I n p u t
voltage range <1 p V t o >I00 m V .
selective circuits to a fixed frequency, variable limiting
Outputs for accessories Audio output 0 dBm of the remaining sideband is possible.
Agc voltage for diversity reception Both conversion oscillators are synchronized with an
internal reference oscillator to increase circuit stability.
I - f outputs
This avoids an impermissible variation or shift of the
Oscillator o u t p u t for counter and
center frequency, especially in narrow bandwidths.
digital programmer Advertised crystal filters, which are 8- to 10-pole

october 1976 11
 MIXER MIXER MIXER MIXER

525 BANDPASS
MHz FILTER
>

4-I 4 6 1 - 4 6 7 kHz

fig. 3. A system for obtaining variable i-f bandwidth through the use of a double mixing scheme. This system is used i n the receiver of fig.
2 to provide selectable bandwidths from 6 k H z to 75 k H z without the expense of a large number of separate i-f bandpass filters.

designs with shape factors between 1.4: 1 and 1.2: 1, have caused by unpleasant hissing noises. More than ten years
two unpleasant effects: ago the bandwidth of the famous Collins KWM2 was
restricted to 2.1 kHz for this reason.
1. The extremely steep skirt selectivity presents a
problem for the agc circuit because of the high group I-f amplifier and gain control. The i-f amplifier boosts
delay and phase shift, which cannot be compensated. In the incoming signal to an amplitude sufficient for distor-
almost all cases strong interfering signals at the edges of tion-free demodulation and ensures a constant output
the filter response band will make the agc pump. This voltage by means of gain control. I t s amplifying action is
instability introduces distortion and overshoot. such that the inherent noise from the rf section is
adequate to drive the succeeding agc amplifier to full
2. Because of their high Q, and despite their fairly wide output. If you analyze practically any amateur tran-

.
bandwidth, these filters produce appreciable ringing. sceiver now on the market, you will discover that these
In addition, it's important to remember that, under receivers don't have enough i-f gain. The reason for this
the circumstances in which radio amateurs use their is obvious: most manufacturers want to avoid the ex-
receivers, the i-f bandwidth for ssb reception should be pense of careful shielding, which is required if the gain is
between 1.9 and 2.4 kHz to avoid psychological fatigue more than 80 dB. However, to obtain enough audio

RF SECTION
---+ MAIN SELECTIVITY
--I I-F AMPLIFIER
I-
-

T='
I 0 MHz
4 0 . 5 2 5 MHz 5a kur
I-F OUTPUl I-F OUTPUT
Q P
BALANCED
MHz FILTERS BALANCED BALANCED BALANCED BALANCED AMPLIFIER

-
AMPLIFIER MIXER AMPLIFIER AMPLIFIER MIXER AMPLIFIER I3 STAGES1
5 2 5 kHz
AUTOMATIC SWITCHABLE
BANDPASS
ATTENUATOR FILTER 1% 9

LOWPASS AGC
FILTER

DEMODULATOR -

b
I
RF GAIN

AGC
WLTAGE

AUDIO
AMPLIFIER

600-OHM
DETECTOR OUTPUT
LIMITER
/-

b-L 1 BALANCED
CW AUDIO
AUDIO
AMPLIFIER

SPEAKER

fig. 2. Block diagram of a high-performance, modern design communications receiver with an i-f at 40.525 MHz which overcomes many of
the problems of Previous designs. The noise figure of this receiver is about 10 dB, more than adequate for home-station use on any of the
amateur high-frequency bands. Cross modulation, intermodulation distortion, and other operating characteristics of this receiver are listed
in table 1.
 tion, appropriate distribution of the agc voltage must be
applied to the various stages to ensure a linear increase in
the signal-to-noise ratio at small input voltages. Fig. 4
shows the agc response provided by the design discussed
above. The agc circuit must have high gain; through pure
control action input voltages up to 100 mV emf can be
reduced to a residual error of *1 dB without additional
driving (forward-actingregulation). Furthermore, the agc
voltage must be applied in appropriate levels to the
various stages to ensure a linear increase in the signal-to-
noise ratio at small input voltages. The result i s a signal-
to-noise characteristic much better than previously
known.
I I I I J The agc response time and the type of rectification
1 w m vv roo w I "w 10m~ 100 "w
ANTENNA I N W T SIGNAL, EMF
must be different for each mode of operation. Peak
fig. 4. Optimum selection of agc action for perfect
signal-to-noise performance.

output, a total gain of about 90 dB from the antenna

input to the i-f output into the demodulator is required
to obtain distortion-free demodulation. Unfortunately
many designers use high-gain rf amplifiers and high-gain
first mixers, both of which overdrive the second mixer.
A sufficiently low overall noise figure can be achieved
with little rf gain, as explained below.
Modern integrated circuits, such as the Plessey SL600
81, I-F
series or the Motorola MC1349 and MC1590, offer a
good choice for a low-distortion, stable i-f amplifier with
a minimum of shielding. Such a design permits sufficient fig. 5. The noise sideband characteristics of the high-frequency
injection oscillator affects receiver sensitivity because strong
agc to reduce unpleasant audio level changes. In addi-
interfering signals at the mixer may convert the noise sidebands
into the center of the I-f passband.

Partially home-built receiver which tunes from 1.5 to 3 0 MHz.

The PC boards were removed from a lab model Telefunken
receiver, and the circuitry was redesigned using the techniques
rectification with a short response rise time of about 20
described in this article. The third-order intercept is + 3 0 dBm. dB per 10 mS should be used for rapid leveling of the
dynamic range is 120 dB or more, and the noise figure is 8 dB. gain to the nominal value when receiving CW or ssb
Tuning accuracy is 1 part in 1 0 million. signals; a too-short response time does, however, lead to
blocking by interference pulses. Average-reading rectifi-
cation is recommended in the a-m mode to maintain
receiver dynamic characteristics.
The agc voltage fall time should be selectable to
obtain a gain variation between 5 and 50 dB per second.
The slow response fall time maintains the dynamic
characteristics and prevents any amplification of un-
wanted noise during CW pulse intervals. It also takes
effect with a-m signals suffering selective carrier fading;
it does not eliminate the distortion but prevents audio
volume from increasing.
The modulation frequency of the incoming signal,
which is present in the control lines during agc opera-
tion, must be filtered - without affecting the dynamic
control characteristics - to such an extent that no
additional distortion arises in a-m reception due to in-
verse modulation. In ssb reception, with intermodulation
and little difference between the sideband frequencies (f
= 100 Hz), intermodulation products (2fi-f2)because
of inverse modulation must be suppressed at least 50 dB.
Demodulator and af amplifier. The demodulators for the
various operation modes are connected to the output of
the -i-f amplifier. A-m signals are rectified in a diode

october 1976 13
fig. 6. The frequency synthesizer w i t h linear master oscillator w h i c h is used i n the
high-performance communications receiver. A c o m p l e t e description o f this circuit.
OSCILLATOR
w h i c h uses f o u r separate b s c i ~ ~ a t o r is
s , contained i n t h e t e x t .

I MHz INPUT FREOUENCr

--, 2 5 0 kHz MIXER

F-M
DISCRIMINATOR
FM+zJJ
MIXER
5M-
7 5 0 "HI RESOLUTION
37-66 MHz

HARMONIC LOWPASS NEEDLE 4 0 MHz 4 0 MHz

FREOUENCI
DIVIDER GENERATOR FlLT€R
GENERAlUU FILTER

t SWlTCHEO
2 0 0 U H 1 STEPS
TD A n
SECTION

TI7 -NOPASS FILTER

AGC
PUW-PULL
4 0 . 5 3 5 - 7 0 . 5 2 5 MHz
FIRST
AMPLIFIER MIXER
7

4
CRYSTAL FILTER
-
fig. 7 . Gain d i s t r i b u t i o n o f $a;;;
4 0 5 2 5 MHz

a high-performance, high-
f r e q u e n c y receiver. H i g h
- -1 l dB -6.5 dB -4.5 dB
d y n a m i c range, as shown i n
fig. 8, is obtained b y using (NFJ - dB
-0.5 dB
NF .3.5 dB

as l i t t l e gain as possible
40 MHZ
w h i l e keeping t h e overall
PUSH- PULL SECOND
noise figure b e l o w 10 dB. AMPLIFIER MIXER

I-F AF

+I2 dB -8 dB -4 dS

NF - 2 dB NF. Z d B
circuit. The i-f, CW, and ssb signals are converted into
audio signals in a double-balanced mixer which is driven
by a vfo for CW signals, and by a high-precision crystal
oscillator for ssb signals. Frequency-modulated waves
(maximum bandwidth 6 kHz) are demodulated in a
discriminator preceded by a limiter. fig. 9. Tunable preselector which may be used to suppress local.
high-level signals. Bandpass curve for this preselector is plotted in
fig. 10.

derived in several phase-controlled circuits from selected

harmonics of a 1-MHz crystal oscillator and the fre-
quency of the variable-frequency master oscillator. The
crystal in the 1-MHz oscillator is housed in a proportion-
a l l y -controlled oven for stability. The frequencies
derived from this 1-MHz oscillator are more accurate
than those of the variable-frequency master oscillator,
which determines receiver setting accuracy and stability.
While some receiver designs use frequency synthe-
sizers which are switchable in steps down to 1 Hz, this
much resolution is somewhat prohibitive for a search
receiver. The lock time of such a frequency synthesizer
would not permit easy tuning and, therefore, this type
of receiver should only be used for channelized point-
to-point communications. The method used here,
derived from the Rohde & Schwarz EK07 shortwave
receiver, was designed in 1957. A similar method has
been used in receivers such as the National HR0500 and
H R0600.
Basically, the 40.525 to 70.525 MHz frequency range
is converted to an auxiliary i-f of 2.75 - 3.75 MHz. A
frequency- and phase-sensitive double-balanced modula-
INPUT SIGNAL (dBmJ tor is used as a comparator together with the master
fig. 8. Dynamic performance of the receiver shown in fig. 7. The oscillator to determine oscillator 4 output frequency.
third-order intercept point is at + 2 0 dBm. A t - 2 7 dBm input The master oscillator, which can be tuned over a 1-MHz
(two 2 0 m V emf signals), third-order products (d3) are down range (2.75 - 3.75 MHz) capacitor, exhibits a linear
-85 d B and second-order distortion (d2) is down - 1 0 0 dB.
frequency characteristic. This linearity permits the use

The audio-frequency signal is applied through the

function selector from the demodulators to an adjust-
able, balanced noise limiter, then to audio amplifiers.
The amplifier with an output impedance of 600 ohms is
associated with a balanced-line output. Starting from 0
dBm (1 mW into 600 ohms with 100% modulation), i t s
output level is adjustable by * I 0 dB. The second ampli-
fier feeds a built-in speaker. It also contains a switch-
selected 1000-Hz filter (bandwidth 200 Hz), which im-
proves CW audio quality.
oscillator
The receiver frequency stability and setting accuracy
depends on oscillator accuracy. The oscillator character-
istics also affect receiver sensitivity, since strong inter-
fering signals arriving at the mixer as a result of the
receiver input broadband characteristic can convert noise
sidebands and spurious oscillator responses into inter-
- 10%
mediate frequencies (fig. 5). I +LOX

The oscillator frequency of the synthesizer (fig. 6). 0

'

whose output is 40.525 to 70.525 MHz (oscillator 4), is fig. 10. Selectivity curve for the preselector circuit of fig. 9.

october 1976 15
of a directly calibrated scale with an ultimate resolution to 775 kHz. This frequency is then applied t o a 31:l
of 50 Hz. frequency divider. A phase comparator operating on the
To increase the variable master-oscillator frequency scanning principle compares the 25-kHz frequency dif-
stability, all frequewy-determining parts are housed in ference with the output from the 1-MHz crystal oscilla-
an oven and maint tined at 60°c ( 1 4 0 " ~ ) Short
. needle tor. This output voltage adjusts oscillator 4 (residual
pulses are derived from the 1-MHz oscillator output and superimposed ac voltages have been suppressed by the
are used to lock in oscillator 3 in 1-MHz steps. This lowpass filter). If this circuit is not controlled, as for
frequency is required in a down-converter system to instance when the MHz range is changed, a search oscilla-

LAMP

3.3 pH 1 6 pH

1 5 - 3 MHz

i7T
387 1600
I L I/

i 2 ' 0
2.2 pH 1.3 pH

0
OUTPUT
0
0 O

fig. High pass-lowpass elliptic filter (1.45 MHz to 32 MHz) for use at the front end of a high-frequency C ~ m m ~ r I i C a t receiver.
i~n~

obtain 2.75 to 3.75 MHz for the master oscillator. The tor generates a sawtooth voltage that sweeps the oscilla-
same needle pulses are used in a phase-locked loop tor range until its frequency is in the lock-in range of the
system to synchronize the frequency of the 40-MHz control circuit. The frequency divider reduces the
crystal oscillator, which converts the first i-f (40.525 control circuit gain to the 31st part, thus increasing
MHz) to the second i-f (525 kHz) with the 40th stability.
harmonic of the 1-MHz crystal oscillator. Oscillator 4 When the afc circuit is switched on, the 25-kHz
consists of six single oscillators, each of which is tuned reference frequency is not derived from the 1-MHz
over a range of about 5 MHz by tuning diodes. crystal oscillator but from an LC oscillator, whose fre-
The frequencies of oscillators 3 and 4 are converted quency can be varied by a varactor. If the receiver is not

16 october 1976
exactly tuned to the carrier, the output voltage of a
narrowband fm discriminator at the output of the i-f
section changes the LC oscillator frequency and hence
that of oscillator 4, so that the carrier lies at midband
except for a residual control error of about 5% of the
original deviation. The afc circuit permits adjustment to
within k1.5 kHz.
Free-running oscillator 4 has a high signal-to-noise
ratio; for example, more than 140 dB per hertz of
bandwidth at a 30-kHz spacing from the carrier. The
control circuit has a narrow bandwidth to minimize its
effect on the signal-to-noise ratio (circuit gain of 1 at
about 5 kHz). Low-frequency disturbances, such as
shock or noise caused by operating the switches or by
the built-in monitoring loudspeaker, are avoided by
mounting parts of the oscillator on shockmounts.
The mode of operation described is ideal for rapidly
scanning wide frequency ranges, since a range of 1 MHz
is covered in ten rotations of the tuning knob. The mode
with high-scale resolution provides the full setting accu-
racy of the receiver. For this purpose, the tuning knob
for the 100-kHz ranges i s turned from its end position to
the required 100-kHz step. The signal fed t o the control
circuit of oscillator 4 is a mixture of the tenth part of
the master-oscillator frequency and a frequency derived
from the 1-MHz oscillator. This signal i s switch-selected
in 100-kHz steps.
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60
A frequency divider and a harmonic generator INPUT SIGNAL (darn)
produce a 200-kHz spectrum from the 1-MHz frequency
fig. 13. Dynamic performance of a new type of push-pull rf
of the oscillator. Oscillator 1, like oscillator 2, is amplifier stage (figs. 14A, 1 4 8 , and 14C). Power gain is about 12
switched in 200-kHz steps by the 100-kHz tuning knob dB. With an input of -27 dBm (two signals), third-order distor-
and converts one of the spectral lines in the mixer to tion products are down 1 0 0 dB and second-order distortion is
250 kHz. The subsequent phase bridge compares this down 105 dB. Third-order intercept point occurs at an input of
about + 3 2 dBm
frequency with a 250-kHz frequency derived from the
1-MHz oscillator by a 4 : l frequency divider, thereby
producing the control voltage for oscillator 1. Oscillator
1 thus operates with the high accuracy of the 1-MHz
crystal oscillator on one of the frequencies divided into
200-kHz steps between 4950 and 6750 kHz.
In a further phase-control circuit, the frequencies of
oscillators 1 and 2 are converted to the 500 - 700 kHz
150 IIH I50 pH
range and compared in the phase bridge with the master
RFC
oscillator frequency, which is divided in a ratio of 5:l.
After separating the ac voltage components in the low-
pass filter, the output voltage of the phase bridge
controls the frequency of oscillator 2. By dividing the
oscillator frequency in half, the frequency of the master
oscillator, 2750 - 3750 kHz, is again obtained, but this
time in a switch-selected, 100-kHz range. Because of the
frequency divisions (5:l and 2:1), the master oscillator
covers only a tenth of the range so that receiver scale
resolution and accuracy are increased by ten times. With
a counter, the scale resolution may be 10 Hz or better
and the BCD outputs may be used to program a direc-
tion finder through a remote-control system.
This type of synthesizer permits continuous tuning
for many purposes. However, quasi-continuous tuning in
steps of 10 Hz is admissible, which simplifies the whole
synthesizer dramatically. This synthesizer has been
fig. 12. P I N diode attenuator with dc amplifier for use in a
described in detail to show what must be considered
high-performance communications receiver. All diodes are when building a practically spurious-free, low-sideband-
Hewlett-Packard P I N diodes, type HP5082-3081. noise local oscillator.

october 1976 5 17
A. Circuit using current and voltage feedback f o r 8. A n improved version of the circuit i n A. O u t p u t C. LOW-noise version w i t h emitter feedback f o r
improved linearity and transformers f o r stabilizing impedance is very high. Agc can be applied b y extremely high i n p u t and o u t p u t impedance.
i n p u t and o u t p u t impedance f r o m 1 0 0 k H z t o 2 0 0 replacing the t w o 270-ohm resistors w i t h a single A m p l i f i c a t i o n is 7 (1:7 turns ratlo) and i n p u t Im-
MHz. A m p l i f i e r has l o w o u t p u t impedance; the p i n diode shunt regulator. This circuit is less expen- pedance Is 3 0 0 ohms divided b y 7 . or 4 7 ohms.
t w o 27-ohm resistors are used t o increase this rive and slrnpier than a constant-impedance, T - O u t p u t impedance Is several hundred ohms. Noise
value. attenuator. flgure o f less than 2 d B can be obtained.

fig. 14. Three Push-pull arrangements f o r high l i n r a r l t y I n p u t r f stages.

 The receiver described above is the result of com- U
bining various optimized stages and careful planning. To
predetermine the overall technical performance, it's
required to start with a block diagram containing vital
information, such as gain, dynamic range expressed in
second, third, and higher-order intermodulation distor-
tion, and noise figures.
Fig. 7 is a block diagram of a receiver with a first high
i-f and shows the amplification or losses of each stage.
As shown, the input bandpass filter and the automatic
attenuator have a 0.5-dB loss. The push-pull rf amplifier I-F

provides approximately 11 dB gain, which will compen- Q

sate for the losses of the passive, high-level, double-
balanced mixer and the losses of the 40.525-kHz crystal
filter. The overall gain from the rf input to the
40.525-MHz push-pull amplifier is 0 dB. The stages from
40.525 to 525 kHz are almost identical; however, the
second-order intermodulation of the second rf amplifier
does not exceed the high values of the first. This is not
necessary because of the cross-modulation crystal filter.
The second high-level double-balanced mixer has some-
what higher losses but provides the same or even better
inter modulation distortion suppression. The first
525-kHz filter is about ?6 kHz wide, and the overall gain
up to this point i s 0 dB.
The overall noise figure, which can be calculated from
the block diagram, is 8 dB. The second and third inter-
modulation distortion performance of the rf input is
shown in fig. 8. The main idea of obtaining a high
dynamic range lies in the concept of having as little gain
as possible while keeping the overall noise figure below
10 dB. This i s achieved by carefully selecting the charac-
teristics of each of the individual stages, as will be
described later.
For a few rare applications it may be necessary to
suppress frequencies in the immediate vicinity of a
desired signal, for example, where a transmitter and a
receiver are used simultaneously. Under these rare cir-
cumstances an rf preselector, as shown in fig. 9, is an
absolute necessity. Because of the preselector's high
selectivity, a 10-volt emf signal, f 10% away from the
frequency of reception should not create intermodula-
tion distortion more than - 9 dB down. However, for fig. IS. Double-balanced mixers. A and B are medium- and
these purposes special transceivers with duplex high-power configurations; C is a double-balanced mixer for
capabilities are used. These preselective filters have uhf/shf with adjustable bias.
about - 4 to - 5 dB insertion loss. A typical response is
shown in fig. 10.
intermodulation distortion products can be improved by
circuit analysis about 40 dB with these switchable filters.
Special Bessel-Cauer elliptical filters are used with a
Because of the new approach in the design of this
given Chebishev response in the passband. This is abso-
receiver, the circuits of a number ot stages will differ
lutely necessary, because 50-ohm impedance matching is
substantially from those commonly used. To give a
required in the stopband and passband so that filters can
better understanding of the overall system, the most
be cascaded. Fig. 11 shows a modern input filter
important stages are shown and explained here.
covering the range 1.5 to 30 MHz in six steps.
Input filter. In most cases the highly selective preselector A highpass-lowpass input bandpass filter suppresses
of fig. 9 is not required, so a combination of elliptical unwanted broadcast signals, and the lowpass filter sec-
filters selected for the frequency ranges is adequate. tion, together with the following lowpass section of the
Third- and higher-order, odd-number intermodulation individual bandpass filter, guarantees more than 90 dB
distortion products cannot be overcome by selectivity image suppression. The advantage of this technique is
unless filters are 10 kHz wide or less. Second-order that these filters can be aligned very easily with the help

october 1976 19
 3N2OO
fig. 16. Examples of fet mixers. A POT CORE
balanced mixer with high input
impedance (1 kilohm) i s shown in
A. A two-tone, 176 mV emf sig-
nal produces third-order IMD 6 8
dB down. A balanced fet mixer
with 50-ohm input i s shown in B
(same performance as the circuit
in A). C i s a double-balanced
mixer suggested by Ed Oxner of
Siliconix. Its performance i s 3 dB
better than that of the circuit in
B. An improved version of this
mixer i s shown in D (on facing
page), also by Mr. Oxner. + I 5v1-
82k
-
330

-I
1500
z=L
'-

50-OHM
INPUT
1 . 1 120
+I2V

ir OUTPUT
%-OHM

L DEPENDS ON
OPERATION FREOUENGY

20 october 1976
of a sweeper generator and an oscilloscope, and are basically constant-current devices. Because of this, a
much less complex than a mechanical tracking push-pull pin diode attenuator using only two diodes can
arrangement. be used (5082-3081 made by Hewlett-Packard).With the
constant-impedance attenuator, fig. 12, second-order
Input attenuator. Modern communications receivers intermodulation distortion products are also further sup-
should have low-distortion, automatic input attenuators pressed. However, because of the unbypassed emitter
that are activated at input signal levels above 100 pV resistors, the additional noise contribution will not per-
emf. For the frequency range from 1 MHz to 30 MHz, mit noise figures below 3 to 4 dB.
pin diodes such as the HP5082-3081 are highly recom- Fig. 14C show a low-noise arrangement in which
mended in a double-T configuration (fig. 12), where the
line impedance must remain fairly constant because of
filter matching. The intermodulation distortion products
of an attenuator such as this are about 85 dB down for
20 -
two I-volt emf signals. This means that the attenuator INTERCEPT POINT OF THE
THREE MIXERS

does not add any serious distortion to the system.

0 -
Rf input stage. In the past only certain vacuum tubes
were considered to be sufficiently linear for rf front
ends. However, recently it has been found out that if
-20 -
both voltage and current feedback are used in a transis-
torized rf stage, much better linearity can be obtained
than with any receiving-type tube. The second-order
intermodulation distortion products can be suppressed
by almost another 40 dB over a single stage when using a DOUBLE EALANCEO
MIXER (ME1 TYPl
push-pull arrangement. Fig. 13 shows the intermodula-
tion distortion performance of a single stage and a push-
BALANCE0 MIXER OR
pull stage, using the highly linear 2N5109 uhf power K T I M 4-~1SISTLK1

transistors made by RCA. The input and output

impedances are stabilized with a third feedback network
using a wideband transformer.
Fig. 14 shows three push-pull arrangements suitable
for this purpose. Fig. 14A, which was published -120 -
earlier,2*3uses voltage and current feedback to minimize
intermodulation distortion, while the transformers act as -140 -
impedance stabilizing devices. The cores recommended
are F625-0-TC9 for 1.5-30 MHz or F625-9-Q1 for the
higher frequencies (made by Indiana General ). -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20
Fig. 14B shows an improved version of the circuit in INPUT SIGNAL 1dBm)
fig. 14A. While the latter produces a 50-ohm output Comparison of three hot-carrier, double-balanced mixers
fig. 17.
impedance, the circuits of figs. 14B and 14C are showing third-order IMD performanca.

october 1976 21
 0-30 MHz

-
50-OnM INPUT
(tP 3 4 dBml

2N2219

NOISE
BLANKER
IN

+6V-OV +IPV
AGC

fig. 18. Improved version o f Martin's r f i n p u t stage. The +MHz t r a p suppresses i-f feedthrough. and t h e push-pull
fets increase dynamic range b y 4 d B relative t o the original design. i n addition, a noise blanker can be used w i t h
1-ps switching t i m e because o f the push-pull arrangement.

1-1 section of the high frequency receiver b u i l t b y DJZLR. Crystal t i l t e n are switched i n t o t h e circuit w i t h small relays.
The i-f amplifiers are located along the b o t t o m p o r t i o n o f the board.

22 october 1976
emitter feedback through a transformer is accomplished. devices. Fet mixers require about 2 volts rms across 50
As a result, the input and output impedances are ex- ohms, which is equivalent to the injection required by a
tremely high, and the voltage feedback permits choosing high-level double-balanced mixer. Because of the diffi-
suitable values. However, this push-pull stage will pro- culty in providing wideband impedance matching in fets
vide noise figures of 2 dB or less, while s t i l l having the at high impedances, in my opinion medium- to high-level
same basic dynamic range. double-balanced mixers offer an advantage over fet
In some cases it's possible to build a receiver without mixers.
an rf input stage. Especially for fixed operation, the
antenna system will have a noise temperature much
-Ie0
higher than 300 KT0 , which means that the various
noise sources being picked up by the antenna system will
provide a noise floor significantly higher than the
receiver-input noise. Under these circumstances, receiver
sensitivities up to 20 dB do not degrade overall perfor-
mance. For applications like mobile radios, however,
such sensitivity is not good enough. Since mobile anten-
na efficiency is between 10 and 30%, the noise pickup is
reduced by the same amount and, therefore, noise
figures less than 10 dB are vital. In cases of fixed stations
new circuitry can be used, which is discussed in the next
section.
Double-balanced wideband mixers. It has been found
that push-pull arrangements have advantages over single-
stage mixers; however, because of the high input
impedance of tubes, few attempts have been made to use
push-pull or double-balanced mixers with vacuum tubes
in high-frequency communications receivers. Because of
some other disadvantages the use of beam-deflection
tubes was not a breakthrough. Since the introduction of
low noise hot-carrier diodes, double-balanced mixers for
high-level operation have been constructed and various
configurations have been used, as shown in fig. 15.
Only recently double-balanced mixers with field-
effect transistors have been used which exhibit excellent
third-order intermodulation distortion suppression. Fig.
16 shows four tested configurations with fets. Figs. 166
and 16C use matched pairs.
Fig. 17 shows the third-order intermodulation distor-
tion suppression of low-level double-balanced diode
mixers, medium-level double-balanced mixers, and high-
level double-balancedmixers, including double-balanced,
field-effect transistor mixers. As can be seen, the fet FREOUENCY (kHz)
mixer shows significantly higher signal-handling capabil- fig. 19. Selectivity curve of a 4 1 - M H z crystal filter manufactured
ity. Most circuits using field-effect transistors in double- by Toyocorn in Japan (Toyocorn T Q F 4 6 3 3 , about $ 8 0 ) .
balanced mixers were originated by Ed Oxner (ex
W9PRZ) of Siliconix Incorporated. A typical application for an input stage using a
Because of the inherent gain capability, fet double- double-balanced mixer and no rf stage is shown in fig.
balanced mixers offer advantages in test instruments but 18. This is an improved version of a circuit designed by
their application in shortwave receivers remains debat- Mr. Martin, based upon an article I published in 1972.4
able. These circuits are very sensitive to load termina- The 9-MHz trap in the input suppresses image feed-
tion, and the input impedance of most crystal filters through. The grounded-gate operation of the CP643
found on the market changes significantly over fre- transistors (Crystalonics) provides a wideband resistive
quencies outside the passband. To reduce this effect, a input termination for the mixer. The magnitude of the
resistive termination is required a t the input (valid for all input impedance to the CP643s can be set by adjusting
mixers, independent of configuration). However, the the 250-ohm potentiometers.
remaining impedance jump of 1 to 2 for out-of-passband The 2N5109 transistor amplifier provides about 20
operation reduces performance greatly. dBm injection for the RAY3 high-level double-balanced
F ield-effect transistors are high-input-impedance mixer (Mini-Circuits Laboratory). This circuit, which is

october 1976 23
similar to that found in the Atlas transceiver, has a this push-pull amplifier i s 220 ohms and a crystal filter
distinct advantage: because of proper termination of the requires 500 ohms, a 2:l transformer, model T2-1 (made
double-balanced mixer, unwanted intermodulation dis- by Mini-Circuits Lab), must be used.
tortion products are at least 15 dB below those found in The 220-ohm resistor reduces the high-impedance
the Atlas circuit. The reason for this is that the Atlas characteristic effect of the filter as described in reference
circuit uses a tuned circuit between the crystal filter and 3. The output termination of the crystal filter is
the first i-f transistor (2N38663, and this tuned circuit provided by the tuned circuit, which is heavily damped
does not provide proper matching to attenuate spurious by the 2.7 kilohm resistor. This is necessary to provide
products. All manufacturers of double-balanced mixers stable operation.

50-OHM*
INPUT

4M-OHM
OUTPUT

fig. 20. Circuit arrangement of a 6-pole

crystal filter with high distortion. An im-
proved version is shown in fig. 21.

specifically require proper resistive termination for The field-effect transistor provides 60 dB gain varia-
optimum performance. tion, and the overall gain from input to output at 50
The KVG XF9B crystal filter is a popular ssb filter ohms is 28 dB. In cases where a tuned circuit is used as a
familiar to most amateurs. The first i-f stage after the first i-f amplifier between the double-balanced mixer and
crystal filter shown here provides enough gain and agc an input stage, the dynamic range of the mixer will be
action for most applications. heavily degraded. This is one of the reasons why the
The RAY3 double-balanced mixer requires a 50-ohm Atlas circuit does not provide the dynamic range that
termination, which is obtained by an rf transformer, would be expected from the mixer alone. I believe this
model T4-I.* Using a push-pull arrangement not only circuit is a good suggestion for experimenters who are
increases total dynamic performance by 3 dB but also still willing to build their own communications receivers.
provides the possibility of using the transistors as a
switch for noise blanking. For high-efficiency noise Vhf crystal filters. Until recently low-loss 6-pole crystal
blanking a switch time of 10 microseconds is essential. A filters were not available. The most significant feature

INPUT

fig. 21. Improved ver-

sion of a &pole crystal
filter with low distor-
tion. I

similar circuit, which is extremely efficient, is found in other than the shape factor of these vhf filters is the
the Swan 200 series of amateur equipment. internal loss, which must be held below 5 dB (typical 4.5
To reduce costs, or if the CP643 is difficult to obtain, dB) for narrow-band applications, i.e., f3.5 kHz. Fig. 19
two BF246C transistors, made by Texas Instruments, shows the typical response of a 41- or 49-MHz crystal
may be substituted. These are high-current vhf fets with filter.
an lossof about 100 mA. Since the optimum load for When i t was discovered that mechanical filters with
magnetostrictive transducers create heavy intermodula-
'The RAY3 mixer and T4-1 transformer are made by Mini- tion distortion at high input voltages, these filters were
Circuits Laboratory, 837-843 Utica Avenue, Brooklyn, New updated and now use piezo-electric transducers, which
York 11203. avoid this distortion. A similar effect can be observed at

24 october 1976
 Oscillator sideband noise. As explained earlier, oscillator
sideband noise contributes significantly to the large-
signal-handling capability of a receiver. Blocking and
3-dB compression are often confused in the literature.
2'"
L
Compression is the effect caused by sideband noise, i.e.,
8 20 kHz off the vfo carrier frequency, which causes
c4
@ lo blocking. This blocking effect can be expressed in terms
(3
of the sideband noise as it affects receiver sensitivity:
$
85 Assume sideband noise of 145 dB per hertz
d
C located 20 kHz from the vfo carrier frequency and
2
z a receiver noise figure of 10 dB. An input signal of
2 50 mV will cause 3-dB blocking or desensitization
of the receiver, while 3-dB compression may occur
at a point as high as 1 volt on the input signal. This
0
I20 130 140 150 relationship is shown in fig. 22.
OSCILLATOR SIDEBAND NOISE, dB/Hz AT 2 0 kHz OFF CARRIER
When designing oscillators with very low sideband
fig. 22. Receiver blocking effect caused by oscilla-
tor sideband noise. Blocking can be Improved noise, either selected fets operating in a saturated mode
dramatically by ensuring that oscillator sideband or medium-power 2N3866 transistors should be used.
noise is suppressed b y careful circuit design.
references
1 . James R. Fisk, WlDTY, "Receiver Noise Figure, Sensitivity
and Dynamic Range - What the Numbers Mean," ham radio,
the input transformer of crystal filters using toroids.
October, 1975, page 8.
Two l-volt input emf signals a t 50 ohms must not 2. Ulrich L. Rohde, "Eight Ways t o Better Radio Receiver
produce third- and second-order intermodulation distor- Design," Electronics, February 20, 1975, page 87.
tion products of 85 dB or less. Fig. 20 shows a typical 3. Ulrich L. Rohde, DJZLR, "High Dynamic Range Receiver
configuration of a 6-pole vhf crystal filter with high Input Stages," ham radio, October, 1975, page 26.
4. M. Martin, "Extrem lineares Empfaengereingangsmodul m i t
distortion because of the input toroidal transformer,
grosem Dynamikbereich und sehr geringen Intermodulationsver-
while fig. 21 shows an improved version using a tuned zerrungen," Internationale Elektronische Rundschau, April,
input transformer with almost no measurable distortion. 1975, page 73.

bibliography
1 . U. Rohde and K. Eichel, "Stand der Technik bei Amateur- g e r - V o r s t u f en m i t Feldeffekttransistoren," Funk-Technik,
f unkgeraeten i m Kurzwellengebiet," Funkschau, December, February, 1971, page 60.
1972, January and February, 1973. 15. K.H. Eichel, "Einfache Methode zur Erzielung eines konstan-
2. U. Rohde, "Zur optimalen Dimensionierung von Kurzwellen ten Eingangswiderstandes bei Breitbandverstaerkern," Interna-
E i n ga n gs t e i l e n," lnternationale Elektronische Rundschau, tionale Elektronische Rundschau, March, 1973, page 45.
November, 1973, page 244; December, 1973, page 244. 16. Franz C. McVay, "Don't Guess the Spurious Level,"
3. K. Eichel and U. Rohde, "Stand der Technik bei UKW Electronic Design, February 1 , 1967, page 70.
Amateurfunkgeraeten, Funkschau, July and August, 1972, page 17. L.S. Baar, "RF Applications of the Dual Gate Mosfet Up To
205. 500 MHz," RCA Application Note AN443 1.
4. U. Rohde, "Zur optimalen Dimensionierung von UKW- 18. Richard Brubaker, "Semiconductor Noise Figure Consider-
Eingangsteilen," Internationale Elektronische Rundschau, May, ations," Motorola Application Note AN421.
1972, page 103. 19. Ramundt, Neues von Rohde & Schwarz, "Blocking Messung
5. H.P. Lier and H. Oberbeck, "Oktavbreite, digitale Frequen- an Sprechfunkgeraeten," December, 1970; January, 1971.
zeinstellung von Mikrowelenoszillatoren," Wiss. Berichte AEG- 20. K. Zirwick, Neues von Rohde & Schwarz, "Analysatoren
Telefunken, January, 1970. fuer Sender und Empfaengermessungen," January, 1974, page
6. R.P. Rafuse, "Symetric Mosfet Mixer of High Dynamic 23.
Range," 1968 International Solid State Circuits Conference, 21. Phase-Locked Loop Systems, Motorola Data Book, 2nd
February, 1968, page 122. Edition, August, 1973.
7. E. Oxner, "Fets in Balanced Mixers," Siliconix Applications 22. B. Priestly, "Oscillator Noise and its Effect on Receiver
Note, July, 1972. Performance," Radio Communication, July, 1970.
8. S.P. Kwok, "A Unified Approach t o Optimum FET Mixer 23. W.A. Edson, "Noise in Oscillators," Proceedings of the IRE,
Design," Application Note, Motorola A N 410. August, 1960.
9. Peter Will, "Reactive Loads - The Big Mixer Menace," Micro- 24. Erich Hafner, "The Effects of Noise in Oscillators," Proceed-
waves, April, 1974, page 38. ings of the IRE, February, 1966.
10. James S. Sherwin, "Distortion i n FET Amplifiers," Elec- 25. E.J. Baghdady, R.N. Lincoln, and B.D. Nelin, "Short Term
tronics, December 1 2, 1966, page 99. Frequency Stability. Characterization, Theory and Measure-
11. E.F. McKeon, "Cross-Modulation Effects in Single-Gate and ment," IEEE-NASA Symposium on Short Term Frequency
Dual gate MOSFETS," RCA A N 3435, Application Note. Stability, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
12. H. Lotsch, "Nichtlineare Verzerrungen i n Transistorstufen," 1964, NASA SP-80.
Archiv der Elektronischen Uebertragung, May, 1960, page 204. 26. R.H. Holman and L.J. Paciorek, "Short Term Stability
13. J.M. Gerstlauer, "Kreuzmodulation i n Fets," lnternationale Measurement Techniques and Results," Syracuse University
Nektronische Rundschau, August, 1970, page 199. Research Corporation.
14. Thomas Moliere, "Kreuzmodulation bei geregelten Empfaen- ham radio

october 1976 25
 double-conversion
hf receiver
matter to change frequency if a contact is made where a
with mechanical spurious response exists in the receiver. My operation i s
largely confined to listening to shortwave broadcast.

frequency readout Tuning a signal on these bands is a different situation.

Shortwave broadcast stations emit signals on one fre-
quency. If one of these signals happens to fall on a
spurious response in the receiver, reception is difficult
and a rare DX station may be lost.
This article presents the results of my experiments to
produce a miniaturized, solid-state receiver with a
Although designed mechanical counter digital frequency readout. The re-
ceiver covers 4.2 - 5.2 MHz in five bands, but with
for shortwave broadcast, modification to front-end inductances and suitable
crystal selection, it can provide general coverage between
this receiver 3.2 and 30 MHz.

conversion method
is easily modified An extensive search was made of commercial and
military communications gear. Some mixing combina-
to provide coverage tions, excellent as they are, were discarded because of
their complexity. This was particularily true of the Col-
between 3.2 and 30 MHz lins 51J4, whose mechanical complexity is high and for
the Racal 217 whose electrical complexity is high. Other
combinations were also discarded. The Collins 75A4, for
instance, would be difficult to duplicate because of the
complexity required to build a linear vfo over 1 MHz in
Previous articles have described my ideas on monoband the 2-MHz region.
versus multiband receivers. l2 The concepts developed The Collins 75S3 series was screened in depth. I
in these articles are still true, but response to another operated a 7583 inside and outside the amateur bands
article3 indicates many experimenters aren't interested for several years and found only one spurious response
in building a one-band receiver and are willing to accept
spurious responses in a multiband unit. This is particu- By Jack Perolo, PY2EIC, P.O. Box 2390, San Paulo,
larly true for amateur-band operation where it's a simple Brazil

26 a october 1976
 at 5000 MHz caused by the second harmonic of the vfo MECHANICAL F I L T E R
when tuned to 2500 MHz. This occurred when 5 MHz
455kH1
was tuned in the 4.8-5.0 MHz band; by switching to the
5.0-5.2 MHz band, 5000 MHz was received with no
problem.
Among the advantages a duplication of the Collins
75S3 would offer is its straightforward construction.
And, even more important by amateur standards, the vfo
tunes only 200 kHz making i t easy to linearize. The
price you have to pay for these advantages, however, is fig. 1. Block diagram or receiver 3.MHz i-f strip
that if the vfo frequency excursion i s only 200 kHz, showing tuning method.
each high-frequency crystal provides coverage for a band
200-kHz wide. In other words, if you wish to use the
cover the low-frequency bands. While I've built similar
receiver over a wide frequency range, the quantity of
units, I preferred the usual variable capacitor combina-
'crystals required i s somewhat high. The model GP48
tion for this project, as most builders would probably
not be able to homebrew a backlash-free multicore
mechanism. For those who prefer the permeability
tuned version, some surplus outlets offer powdered-iron
cores with high length-to-diameter ratios and with a
spring (rather than the usual threaded pin) termination.
The permeability, p, of the cores i s unknown, but it
could be found with a grid dip meter or by bread-
boarding the front end before final assembly.
The Collins 3-MHz i-f is fixed tuned with a remark-
ably flat response over the 2955-3155 kHz range. I
didn't wish to compromise on sensitivity and, after some
experimenting, I decided to make the 3-MHz i-f partially
tunable (fig. 1). The vfo capacitor is a two-gang affair
that tunes the vfo and the input to the 3-MHz i-f
amplifier, whereas the second mixer is fixed tuned. This
improves the bandpass flatness and, by having a fixed-
tuned mixer, buffer stages aren't needed between the vfo
Rear view showning stainless-steel cabinet construction details
together with the back-panel 110-Vac input (white jacks) and
and the mixer. In fact, since the mixer is fixed tuned and
6-Vdc input (dark jacks). T w o phone jacks in parallel allow operates over a narrow frequency range (200 kHz), it
headphone operation with standard and miniature plugs. This offers a reasonably constant load to the vfo.
receiver required about $1 SO worth of parts and 150-200 hours This brings up another difference between my design
construction time. and that of the Collins 7583 line; the vfo is capacitance-
tuned in my case. I have already published an article on
receiver described here has only five bands and there- View with upper half of cabinet removed. Front panel controls
fore five crystals; earlier models had wider coverage: the are (from left) antenna input jack. af/rf gain control, preselector
GP45 had ten bands and the GP46 36 bands. At about tuning control, band switch, zero-frequency set control, and
$4 per crystal, the GP46 had about $150 worth of main-tuning control.

crystals.
I built some solid-state receivers around the Collins
75S3 mixer combination.. I was quite pleased with these
experimental efforts; then I made another unit (dubbed
GP42). The GP48 is the sixth of a series. Its schematic
appears in fig. 2. This receiver covers 4.2-5.2 MHz or,
generally speaking, the 60-meter shortwave broadcast
band. With suitable crystal selection and front-end coil
inductances, any frequency between 3.2 and 30 MHz
can be covered with the exception of 5.2-6.5 MHz.
circuit considerations
The basic circuit i s closely related to the receivers in
references 1 and 3, whereas the basic mixing scheme i s
derived from the Collins 75S3 line. There are, however,
some differences worthy of mention. The Collins front
end i s slug tuned, with parallel capacitors switched in to

october 1976 27
 MAIN TUNING

NOTES
ALL RESISTORS ARE I / 4 W A T T
C A P A C I T O R S M A R K E D S.M. ARE S I L V E R M I C A .
T I T 2 a T 3 A R E 4 5 5 - k H z i - 1 TRANSFORMERS.
T4' I S A l l O V T O 7.5V P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R

LI 4 1 NO 2 8 E N A M E L AMIOON T 3 7 - 2
L 2 5 5 1 NO 2 8 E N A M E L TOR010

L3 4 1 NO 2 8 E N A M E L AMIDON T 3 7 - 2 4 2 0 0 TO
L4 5 5 1 NO 2 8 E N A M E L TOR010 5 200

L5 3 1 NO 2 2 P L A S T I C 1 / 4 " 0 I A SLUG T U N E 0 2 9 5 5 TO
L6 5 0 1 NO 32 E N A M E L CERAMIC COIL 3 155

L7 31 NO. 2 2 P L A S T I C -) 1 / 4 " 0 I A . SLUG TUNED 055 I

L8 3 5 1 NO 3 2 E N A M E L CERAMIC C O I L

L9 5 7 1 NO 32 E N A M E L - 114" O I A . SLUG T U N E D 2 5 0 0 TO
CERAMIC C O I L 2 700

fig. 2. Receiver schematic. Crystal frequencies shown are for receiver coverage between 4.2-5.2 MHz. Receiver range may be changed to
include 3.2-30 MHz by substitution of suitable crystals and front-end inductances.
Bottom view. Mechanical filter is at top left next to the mixer coil and its circuit. The 3-MHz two-stage i-f amplifier is at left center; the
vfo circuit is at the bottom next to the gear reducer. A t top right is the two-gang front-end variable capacitor with its toroids and
trimmers. The rf and mixer circuits are at center; the band switch and crystal oscillator are at right (crystals are under the PC board). A t
bottom center i s the regulated power supply.

a permeability tuned vfo4 as well as some generalized counter eliminates paratiax problems when the receiver
considerations on linear v f o ~ .Again,
~ the average ama- is tilted upward. The receiver tuning rate is 10 kHz per
teur will find if difficult to come up with a backlash-free knob revolution, which makes for exceptionally smooth
permeability-tuned vfo and even more difficult, as in this action. The brass bevel gears for the counter, made by
case, to gang two slugs together. Boston Gears, have a 1:1 ratio.
The vfo double-gang variable capacitor is also a
construction details British import, available in the U.S. from the J.W. Miller
The photos show different views of the GP48; most Company. The capacitor has very low torque, with ball
of the construction details can be seen in these pictures. bearings at both ends. It i s coupled by a flexible (bel-
The receiver dimensions are 6 inches wide by 2.5 inches lows) joint to the worm gear reducer. The Smeter is a
high by 6 inches deep (15 by 6 by 15 cm). All front and Japanese import with a 1-mA movement. The meter face
back panel lettering was made with a pantograph; knob was replaced with one reading in S-units.
skirts were made from 16-gauge stainless steel and were The receiver cabinet, which is in two halves, is made
similarly engraved. Aluminum shields are 1/32 inch of 18-gauge stainless steel, secured by 118 by 314 by 4%
(0.8mm) for PC-boardmounting and 1/16 inch (1.6mm) inch (3 by 19 by 114 mm) spacer bars and four 4-40
for chassis mounting. Extensive shielding and capacitive (M3) binder-headscrews. Four glass-epoxy PC boards are
decoupling assure stable operation at high gain. High- used. The i-f/af board is mounted on top of the chassis,
quality components are used throughout. while the vfo/3-MHz i-flsecond-mixer, together with the
The gear-reduction unit, which has a 100:l ratio, is front-end rf amplifierlfirst mixer and crystal oscillator/
permanently lubricated in a sealed container. It's a crystal holder, are mounted below chassis.
British import made by Muffett, Ltd. The counter, made The vfo circuit was derived from previous receivers
by Veeder Root, has three vertical digits. A vertical and its circuit adapted to cover the 2500-2700 kHz

october 1976 29
 m simulate the effect of the metal receiver cabinet. Failure
to do so will result in degrading vfo linearity because of
the proximity of the cabinet when set in place.
It is important t o understand that when a vfo is
coupled to a counter, a simple change such as moving a
wiring harness can degrade the calibration by more than
one kHz at the band edge. Therefore, before starting to
linearize the vfo capacitor all screws, nuts and corn-
ponents in general must be securely tightened in place
and no circuit changes should be made during or after
linearization. The easiest way t o achieve perfect linearity
i s to file down the capacitor plates to within 1 kHz or so
of the nominal frequency desired; from then on, the fine
Right side. Gear reducer is at left; ragulated power supply at part of the linearization procedure is to slightly bend
'center top. A t top right is the crystal oscillator PC board with and adjust the side plates of the capacitor rotor. This
the crystals barely visible below. The power transformer is at the procedure has the advantage of being reversible whereas
bottom right next to the mechanical counter. Both front and
back panels are fastened with 6-32 (M 3/5) Allen-head stainless
filing i s not.
steel screws.
selectivity improvements
A major difference between amateur-band operation
range; the variable capacitor (105 pF) is correct for the and shortwave broadcast listening is in selectivity. In the
frequency excursion in question. The audio strip ends
with a complementary pair wired to avoid transformers.
Output power exceeds 0.5 W - more than enough for
headphones. The power supply is electronically regu-
lated providing, through back panel jacks, the dc power SINGLE F I L T E R BANOPlSS

to run other gear, or conversely, t o be used to feed the DOUBLE F I L T E R BINDPASS

receiver from a dc source.

circuit details C

Because of the extremely high gain of this set, proper

4 5 2 453 454 455 456 q57 4 5 8
shielding and bypassing must be used to achieve stabili- FREOUENCY IRHrJ

ty. All tuned circuits are shielded from the circuits of fig. 3. Skirt response of single and double filter arrangements.
the corresponding active devices. Heavy filtering is used When cascaded, each filter must have an identical midband
on all power lines. The vfo coil is shielded to minimize frequency for best results.
proximity effect. The vfo capacitor is not shielded
because i t must be accessible t o allow for easy filing of
first case interference may be generally avoided by
i t s plates during the linearization procedure (described
changing frequency; obviously this isn't possible when
below). It must be remembered, however, that during
receiving shortwave broadcast stations. The minimum
the filing process, a small temporary shield must be
bandwidth for a-m reception is stated in the literature as
fastened to the top of the vfo variable capacitor to
3 kHz or thereabouts. Any serious listener knows this
number i s way too high. I've used a 2.1-kHz bandwidth
Left side. Front-end double-gang variable capacitor,
(through a mechanical filter) for inany years but have
toroids, and trimmers are at upper left, installed on changed to narrower bandwidths as conditions demand.
small printed clrcuit boards. For serious shortwave broadcast listening, I'd say the
ideal receiver bandwidth is 1.8 kHz.
While mechanical filters are available with a skirt ratio
of 2:1 (-60 to -6 dB), a nearby station can still cause
interference because of the bell-shapedresponse of these
filters. A remarkable improvement can be achieved by
cascading two identical filters, but some words of
caution are in order. Using this method, the skirt res-
ponse a t -60 dB can be improved by a factor of or fi
about 1.4 times, while maintaining the response constant
at -6 dB (see fig. 3). A definite improvement in obtained;
so much in fact that comparing two receivers tuned to
the same station, one with a 1.4-kHz mechanical filter
and the other with two cascaded 2.1-kHz mechanical
filters (both bandpass figures at -6 dB), one's reaction i s
that the second receiver is more selective than the first.
To realize the full potential of this combination it's

30 october 1976
Top view. Gear reducer is at top left. One of the 3-MHz i-f coils is visible below the variable capacitor. PC board in canter includes the
three i-f amplifiers. avc amplifier, and audio strip. A t top right are the power transformer, mechanical counter. S-meter, rf/af control. and
antenna input jack. Aluminum bracket, top left. shields the vfo coil to minimize proximity effect when the steel cabinet is installed.

imperative to use two filters of identical midband fre- case i s that the counter can be used for other projects.
quency to avoid stagger tuning with consequent skirt I've found that an external counter offers less inter-
degradation. Each filter must be individually shielded to ference than built-in units, as their 100kHz clocks tend
avoid ground loops and to ensure the signal travels to show some leakage into the receiver circuits.
through the filters and not around them. You can't take
excessive precautions in this respect, because such ar-
acknowledgement
rangements are critical beyond imagination. The GP46 I'd like to thank PY2GP for his continued support in
receiver (mentioned earlier) was based on this concept the realization of this and other projects.
with entirely satisfactory results. Another i-f stage
should be added to compensate for the insertion loss of references
the second filter. 1. J. Perolo. "A Transistorized Communications Receiver with
Digital Frequency Read-Out." CO. JulyIAugust, 1970.
frequency readout 2. J. Perolo, "A Universal Solid State PreselectorIConverter for
While an electronic frequency readout could be used, the Short-Wave Bands," CO, June. 1971, page 49.
a mechanical counter is less expensive and physically 3. J. Perdlo, "A General Coverage Solid-State Communications
Receiver with Direct Digital Frequency Read-Out," CO, August,
smaller. For portable work, the mechanical counter is 1973, page 28.
also better since i t requires no power. I believe that the 4. J. Perolo, "A Solid-State Permeability-Tuned V F O with
vfo linearization work, however tedious and delicate, is Digital Frequency Read-Out," CO, October, 1970, page 18.
still more advantageous than building an electronic coun- 5. J. Perolo, "Considerations for Solid-State Linear VFOs," CO,
ter. Such a counter, however, could always be added to September, 1972, page 62.
the receiver as an external unit. The advantage in this ham radio

october 1976 31
 multiband
high-frequency converter
Many receiver designs have been published for the
80-meter band. This article provides complete design and
construction details for a multiple-band converter t o
extend the range of this type of receiver. This design
provides conversion of the hf bands and 10-MHz WWV
A VVC-tuned converter signals to 3.4-4.0 MHz for i-f amplification and
detection.
that extends Fig. 1 illustrates the converter design in which mos
field-effect transistors are used in the rf amplifier and
your 80-meter receiver mixer stages because of their superior spurious-response
rejection and signal-handling capability. The dual-gate
protected mosfet features rf gain or agc control in the
tuning range rf-amplifier ( 0 1) stage and outstanding mixing character-
istics for conversion to the i-f output (02).
to include 40-10 meters Overall gain of the converter is shown in table 1. Coil
0 for each stage is fairly high; as a result bandwidths are
plus wwv narrow, so some method of tuning is necessary to cover
each band. Tuning is by variable capacitance (VVC)
diodes in each of the rf and mixer tuned circuits.
circuit description
Fig. 2 i s a schematic of the rf and mixer stages.
Selection of each band is by band switching the appro-

y M.A. Chapman, KGSDX, 935 Elmview Drive,

ncinitas, California 92024

32 october 1976
 priate tuned circuit in the r f and mixer input stages. The end. Both the rf and mixer stages depend on source
mixer output uses a VVC that tunes a full MHz. The resistance for gate bias. The source bias in 0 2 is ex-
individual tuned circuit design centers are for the middle tremely important since i t establishes the transfer curve
of each amateur band. The VVC will allow the coils to linearity that provides an optimum combination of
cover each band with a margin of several hundred kHz at mixing and spurious response rejection (more informa-

8 0 THRU 1 0
INPUT FROM

fig. 1. Converter block diagram. Deslgn covers 80-10 meters and 1 0 MHz for WWV.

the band edges. The unloaded Q of the mixer output is tion about this source bias and mixer linearity is given in
approximately 150; the bandwidth is quite sharp and the mixer discussion that follows).
will require simultaneous tuning with the rf stages. Fig. 3 is the high frequency beat oscillator schematic.
The total converter bandwidth is difficult to specify This circuit is an adaptation of those in references 1 and
because of the variety of interpretations. The half-power 2. A conventional LC network is illustrated for 10-meter
bandwidth - that is, the width for 50% decrease in
converted signal amplitude - was measured at less than table 1. Performance summary
200 kHz on all bands. This sharp selectivity also indi- tuning i-f converter
band range ( M H z ) output ( M H z ) gain (dB)
cates that for a typical 500-kHz band-segment width,
80M 3.5-4.0 3.5-4.0 0
several peaking adjustments are required from end to 40M 7-7.3 3.7-4.0 37
20M 14-14.25 3.625-3.875 41.7
15M 21-21.45 3.5-3.95 36.5
Converter interior. Shielded partitions contain (I to r) oscillator, 10M 28.5-30 3.5-4.0 34.5
mixer output, rf amplifier output, and rf ampllfler Input sec- (any 5 0 0 k H z
segment)
tions.
WWV 9.9-10.1 3.65-3.85 28.9
w
- -

Sensitivity: <.15V rms using the I-f system de-

scribed In reference 3 on all bands.
Bandwidth: t 1 0 0 k H z for 50% decrease In signal
amplitude without peaking adjustment.
Spurious signal rejection: z 5 0 dB attenuation at + 1 MHz.

beat-oscillator conversion. This signal could have been

generated by a crystal as for the other bands; however,
fundamental crystals above 20 MHz are expensive and
restrict the circuit to some fixed segment of the
10-meter band. Down conversion is accomplished for all
bands using a beat oscillator signal approximately 3.5
MHz less than the lower edge of the receiving frequency.
For 7.0-7.3 MHz conversion we use the top end of the
80-meter band, 3.7-4.0 MHz, as the i-f output to mini-
mize beat-oscillator feedthrough in the mixer output
stage. The 20-meter band (14.0-14.25 MHz) is down
converted to the middle of the 80-meter i-f range to
maximize circuit selectivity in subsequent stages.
Regular 32-40 pF, parallel-tuned, fundamental-

october 1976 33
 r - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -------------------------------
I
I
, PC BOARD T E R M I N A T I O N
I
I
I
POINT ( T Y P I C A L 1 7 I

OSCILLATOR

- - - - _ - I
, CUASSlS S H I E L D

H I G H FREOUENCY

I - Z V . P E A K TO P E A K

10 375 I
MHz I

fig. 3. Oscillator schematic. L1 consists of 1 1 turns of A W G 26 (0.3mm) enameled wire o n J.W. Miller 4 5 0 0 - 2 form.

frequency crystals should be used. The 2.2-22 pF paral- nent capacitance and the gate source capacitance. Since
lel trimmer capacitors across the crystals may be deleted all of these components contain variations in capacitance
if you're willing to accept some error in the converted tolerance, some compensation or trimming is required
signal output. This error in most cases will be less than for exact beat-oscillator frequency generation.
?5 kHz if the capacitors are not used. The total capaci- Where digital readout schemes are used for frequency
tance across the crystal is the sum of the parallel compo- display and consideration has been given for band-edge

J3
HIGH FREOUENCY O S C
RF INPUT

9:
RF GAlN

v-T
0-8Vf'J S E E FIGURE 3
r------------- ---------------------- -t---------------
I OOlYF I
I
I

I R F INPUT STAGE ), I R F OUTPUT a M l x E R INPUT S T M E j M I X E R o u T P u 7 STAGE

,, $ 1 B S2 D E C K S
ARE GANGED
WITH 5 3 . SEE FIGURE 3
r----- -\------- -

I /

I
I
L - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - -
V V C 11) OR121 t12V VVCl3l VVCl41 +12v
SEE F I G U R E 4 VCC 0-ZOV(-1 0-121+1 Vce
0-zovr-J

fig. 2. Rf amplifier and mixer schematic. Variable capacitance diode tuning is used i n each stage.

34 october 1976
 rlsEE
0-IPVl+J
TEXT)
r--------------------------
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
t
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I

HIGH FREOUENCY OSCILLATOR

25 5 LC CIRCUIT

Z O Y E T E R CRYSTAL
C I R C U I T SHOWN

fig. 4. PC-board component layout for rf amplifier and oscillator.

determination, this frequency error is continuously general-purpose tuning can also be added if sufficient i-f
I
known. If you depend on a slide rule dial visual display tuning range is available.
of the tuned frequency, then the oscillator crystal fre-
quencies should be set precisely using some type of construction
capacitor trimming similar to that indicated in the dia- From the photos it's seen that the converter is built
gram. Both oscillator and buffer use a source inductive around a simple PC board' with attached aluminum
load. Considering the wide range of oscillator frequen- plates acting as interstage shields and a convenient
cies, this method of buffering the oscillator produces a mount for the switch decks. This PC board with the
stable, moderately uniform output level and minimizes attached shield plates is mounted in a standard LMB 136
spurious frequencies, which could fall within the tuned aluminum chassis box. The shield plates are aligned by
frequency range. In combination, the rf mixer and oscil- drilling the switch shaft clearance hole through all three
lator stages are joined to provide a comfortable 300-500 plates at the same time, then centering one plate on the
kHz segment from each of the hf bands to be converted
to the 3.5-4.0 MHz 80-meter band. Because of the wide 'Undrilled PC boards are available from the author for $3.00
tuning capability in the rf and mixer stages, MARS and including postage.

october 1976 35
end of the box to locate and align the box and shaft The PC layout of fig. 4 also indicates an unused pad
clearance hole. The PC board is attached to the bottom next to 0 3 gate. The purpose of this pad is for the
edge of the plates using self-tapping screws. The shield installation of a coupling capacitor between the oscilla-
plates are fastened to the sides of the box in the same tor switch deck common and Q3 gate to allow for
manner. This construction follows the same general a p conventional LC networks to be used for all oscillator
proach described in reference 3. frequencies instead of crystals, similar to the method for
To reduce spurious noise and birdies in other portions generating high-frequency oscillator signals for 10 meters
of the receiver, generous use is made of bypass capaci- as in fig. 3.
tors and rf chokes both a t the PC board and a t the point
on the chassis side where control and supply voltages are oscillator
applied. Each stage is individually separated and control Construction should be accomplished one stage at a
lines decoupled from each other to minimize feedback. time. The easiest place to start is with the crystal oscilla-
An examination of figs. 4 and 5 shows potential band- tor. It's not necessary to have the shields or switch decks
switching of six individual bands; however, only five are in place to verify crystal-oscillator operation. Mount the
used in this design because of physical limitations of the oscillator components to the PC board as indicated in

-
CP n,ar~a#r I RF OUIPUl
I SECTION SECTION SEE
I SEE FIGURE 4 I

/ V V F I= BUS

/ \t
RCA 40841
TOP VIEW
101 a 021

I
35-40 BOMETER
BYPASS INPUT

SECTION
111 89
I

fig. 5. R f and m i x e r tuned-circuit interconnections.

box and coils. By using a slightly larger box, an addi- fig. 4. Temporarily install any fundamental frequency
tional portion of the 10-meter band could be included or crystal between 3-30 MHz between the PC pad from Q3
perhaps a 6-meter segment. gate and the ground plane where holes are provided.
Not everyone will be interested in the conversion of Install a 100 ohm current-limiting resistor from the
all the bands shown. For instance, if only two or three +12V PC pad and apply power. The crystal signal should
bands are desired, considerably more room would be appear at the source of both Q3 and at the output
available for access. If only one band conversion i s coupling capacitor (270 pF) from the Q4 source.
desired, adequate room is available to mount the coil
components directly to the PC-board groundplane areas.
mixer
For those who may wish to experiment with a less The mixer output stage should be wired next. Esti-
complex and expensive system of fixed-band conversion, mate the service lead length required from the output
the capacitor resonant values of fig. 6 may be used. coil to the board, and allow the coil to hang free from its
Padding the coils with a 10k. %-watt resistor will de- leads. The bandswitch and shield between the input and
crease coil Q sufficiently so that no rf tuning would be output aren't required for initial testing. Install 100-ohm
required over most of the 50QkHz band segment. The current-limiting resistors to the +12V mixer coil PC pad
VVC control wouldn't be required, resulting in a further and the VVC (4) control PC bus (0-12V). By applyinga
reduction in power-supply voltages. low-level 3.5-4.0 MHz signal to 0 2 gate 1 and varying

36 october 1976
the V V C voltage on the output coil, signal gain and between 200 and 300 ohms. This resistor establishes the
selection should be apparent. The network will be de- gate 1-to-source bias on 0 2 for linearity of the fet
tuned because of oscilloscope internal shunt capacitance transfer characteristics. For ideal mixing the transcon-
if a scope probe is not placed on the coil link output. In ductance curve should approach a straight line when the
this mode we're using 0 2 as a simple single-channel fet drain current is plotted against the gate 1 voltage. Since
amplifier, tuning the drain circuit and monitoring the the zero gate voltage versus drain current varies over a
link. Additional verification can be obtained by tempo- wide margin, selection of this source resistor will opti-
mize the device operation.
table 2. Rf tuned-circuit component complement
rf amplifier
The rf amplifier PC components should be installed
next. As in the previous steps, no interstage shield is
TYPICAL RF AMPLIFIER necessary for initial testing. From the pad on the PC
AND M I X E R INPUT
COIL CIRCUIT board for Q1 drain circuit, temporarily install a 0.01pF
capacitor to the gate 1 pad of Q2 and add a 100-ohm
WINDING

rf amplifier coils nominal

bandl winding(l) link(l) cap CI ~ 2 ( ~ )
freq L l form(4) turns AWG (mm) turns AWG (mm) VVC type
40m(~) 4500-2 65 25 28 (0.3) 5 30 (0.25) MV1666(2)
20m(~) 4500-3 80 20 28 (0.3) 5 30 (0.25) MV1652(2)
15m 4500-3 65 13 26 (0.3) 4 28 (0.3) M V 1660
10m 4500-6 60 10 26 (0.3) 3.5 28 (0.3) MV1660
loMHz 4500-2 60 23 28 (0.3) 4 30 (0.25) -
Notes: 1. Turns are close wound, slightly loose over form.
2. Unloaded value.
3. CQ is a VVC, mounted anode-to-anode. Q dope all components after soldering.
4. D.W. Miller part numbers.

mixer coil nominal

f req winding(') link(l) CaP C1 C2
(MHz) L l form turns AWG (mm) turns AWG (mm) (pFI (pF) (PW
3.5/4.0 plex rod 90 48 28 (0.3) 10 30 (0.25) 185- 150 MV1403(2) V V C
3/8 in. 245 mounted anode-
(9.5mm)dia to-anode

Notes: 1. Winding is 3/4 in. (2cm) long located along center of rod. Link is on bottom end near chassis.
2. Unloaded value.

rarily grounding Q2 gate 2; the output signal should fall resistor between the 0 1 drain PC pad and the +12V bus.
off immediately. To simplify these observations the sig- Apply power to the rf and mixer drain circuits and
nal applied to gate 1 should be modulated so that a oscillator, and apply a low-level modulated 14-MHz sig-
low-frequency audio envelope can be monitored by an nal t o 0 1 gate 1. The mixer output should be similar to
oscilloscope. To verify Q2 mixing characteristics and to the prqviously described mixer test signal, with some
optimize the circuit, substitute a 500-ohm potentio- high-frequency feedthrough apparent. Q1 gain control
meter in place of 0 2 source resistor. Add a jumper wire can be verified by temporarily grounding Q1 gate 2; the
from the oscillator output PC pad (Q4 source capacitor) output signal should fall off immediately then slowly
to the input coupling capacitor on 0 2 gate 2. increase when gate 2 is left open. The rf and agc gain
Any of the indicated crystals may be used in the control features of a dual-gate mosfet can be observed if
oscillator; however, let's assume that the 10.375-MHz a variable positive voltage is applied to Q1 gate 2. The
crystal is used and temporarily mounted in the PC board output signal should be nearly zero when gate 2 is at or
oscillator section as previously discussed. By applying a near ground potential; then the output signal will rise in
low-level modulated 14-MHz signal to Q2 gate 1 with the amplitude as the gate 2 voltage is increased to about 8
beat oscillator signal applied to gate 2, and by adjusting Vdc. Maximum gain is achieved when the gate 2-to-
the V V C (4) control voltage on the mixer coil, a signal source voltage is about 6 Vdc.
envelope similar to that shown in fig. 7 should be seen You may want to adjust the Q1 source resistor.
while monitoring the mixer output coil link. Mixing Because 0 1 is a depletion device, the source could be
linearity may be optimized by adjusting the temporarily operated at ground potential with maximum gain from
installed 500-ohm potentiometer for both mixer gain the stage; however, some biasing of gate 1 is desirable for
and peak signal-to-local oscillator feedthrough ratios. device stability, and 100 ohms i s a common value for a
Next, remove the potentiometer and measure its resis- mosfet in this type of r f application. For higher frequen-
tance. Select a fixed resistor of this value, which will be cies, such as 144 or 220 MHz, a 220-ohm resistor would

october 1976 37
provide some improvement in the noise figure with a
sacrifice in gain. If you need the extra gain, the source
resistor could be reduced to 47 ohms. If plenty of
selectivity and gain are available in the i-f amplifier, my
suggestion would be to increase Ql source bias to several
hundred ohms.

final adjustment
At this point we're confident of our component oper-
ation, and all temporary connections should be removed.
ANTENNA
Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate the inductor and switch deck RF INPUT

interconnection. The switches select the crystal beat

oscillator frequency and appropriate tuning network for
4
the desired band. In the 80-meter position the signal
bypasses the rf mixer stages and is presented directly to IOKIMINIMUMI IOKIMINIMUM)

the output connector. Using 24 AWG (0.5mm) solid

hookup wire, adequate strength is available to support R F TUNE MIXER T U N E

the coil components until you're ready to install the PC fig. 7. Application diagram. Agc control may be
applied to pin 3 of the rf amplifier instead of the rf
board into the box and fasten the coil to the chassis
grin control (see reference 3).
sides.
Before installing the PC board and coil assemblies
into the box, the interface connections should be tempo- mately 3, and the mixer output V V C device has a tuning
rarily installed as in fig. 7 and a low-level signal applied ratio of 10. The reader i s referred to Motorola's applica-
to each band. This will allow you to de-bug any wiring tion note4 for design options. I
errors and initially adjust the coil slugs. A signal level of Resistors for the oscillator are %-watt; those for the rf
one or two millivolts may be required, depending on and mixer are %-watt. Low-voltage ceramic or mica
your oscilloscope sensitivity, for alignment. A typical capacitors are used. You might experiment using
modulated 14-MHz signal is shown in fig. 6 and indicates 100-ohm resistors in place of rf chokes for cost reduc-
the envelope response with proper tuning and normal tion; however, the tradeoff here is added spurious noise.
gain settings. The signal amplitudes and features may
differ considerably if the mixer output is left unloaded. application
During my initial testing, a 51-ohm, 1-watt resistor was Fig. 7 shows the typical interface for V V C control
used across the oscilloscope input terminals, and the and power bus lines. The rf and mixer tuning controls
normal input capacitance was 40 pF. may be ganged as indicated by adjusting the mixer
tuning control for maximum signal output at 3.75 MHz
additional suggestions then readjusting the coil slug to the center positions.
V V C selection was based on what was readily avail- Tracking between rf and mixer stages i s not perfect
able. Nominal resonance capacitance for middle of the because of device nonlinearity and frequency tuning
band tuning of each coil is shown in table 2. An infinite ranges; however, for nominal 500 kHz bandwidths, these
number of V V C and capacitor values will tune the cir- variations are minimal.
cuits. The total tuning capacitance of these V V C devices Reference 3 includes an agc circuit that may be used
is not fully used for the bands indicated. The tuning instead of the rf-amplifier gain control. Because of the
ratio for the rf and mixer input V V C devices is approxi- high input impedance of 01 control gate, several agc
stages may be ganged in parallel; however, the device
types in the rf and i-f stages should be similar because of
variations in gate 2 voltage and gain between device
types. For optimum receiver performance, the V V C con-
trols should remain independent so that signal peaking
will be maximum.

references
1 . M.A. Chapman, KGSDX, "A Master Frequency Oscillator,"
ham radio, November, 1975, page 50.
2. D.L. Stoner, WGTNS, "High-Stability Crystal Oscillator," ham
radjo, October, 1974, page 36.
3. M.A. Chapman, KGSDX, "High Performance i-f Detector
Reciever Module," ham radio, August, 1976, page 3 4 .
4. Technical Application Note AN-178A. "EPICAP Tuning Di-
fig. 6. Typical oscilloscope patterns from mixer output with a ode T h e o r y and Applications." Motorola Semiconductor
1000-microvolt input signal at 14 MHz and 50-ohm resistive load Products, Inc., Phoenix, Arizona.
across the scope terminals. Gain is about 4 0 dB. ham radio

38 october 1976
 ifthe 4 a ~ ~ f

FIXED STATION FOUR BAND VERTICAL 1

@@W239
The 4-BTV is longer for greater aperature, larger in diameter for strength and
bandwidth, heavier traps for precision and safety factor. Individually, each
subassembly weighs more to collectively give you an antenna designed for
convenience of assembly and installation, a wide margin in mechanical stability
and far superior electrical performance.
Lowest SWR-PLUS! without damage to the aluminum tubing.

Bandwidth at its broadest! SWR 1.6 to 1 or Guaranteed to be easiest assembly of any

better at band edges. multi-band vertical.

Hustler exclusive trap covers "SpritzWextruded Antenna has 36"-24 stud at top to accept RM-75
to otherwise unattainable close tolerances or RM-75-S Hustler resonator for 75 meter
assuring accurate and permanent trap operation when desired.
resonance.
Top loading on 75 meters for
Solid one inch fiberglass trap forms for broader bandwidth and higher radiation
optimum electrical and mechanical stability. efficiency!

Extra heavy duty aluminum mounting bracket Feed with any length 50ohm coax.
with low loss-high strength insulators.
Power capability-full legal limit on SSB and
All sections 1%"heavy wall, high strength CW.
aluminum. Length 21 '5".
Ground mount with or without radials; roof
Stainless steel clamps permitting adjustment mount with radials.

o~ settingj f40total bandcograge!

THROUGH 10 METERS
H U S T L E R A N T E N N A PROD-
UCTS-for sixteen years--0rlglna1
designs-created and manufactured
by American ingenuity, labor and
materials-used by communicators
throughout the world. MODEL
Hustler designs are patented under CBTY
one or more of the following
assigned to New-Tronics Corpora-
tlon: 3287732. 3513472.3419869.
Available from a// distributors 15 POUNDS
3873985, 3327311.- 3599214.
3582951
-
who recognize the best!
- 15800 commerce park drive,
new ronics ~Orpomt
ion
a t brook pak
Exporter: ohio Inc.,New York. N. Y
Roburn Agenc~es,
 solid-state
microwave amplifier design
space electronics, where the ultimate in performance is
essential, such perfectionism has become a watchword.
Small wonder, then, that a few discerning radio amateurs
are attempting to achieve state-of-the-artperformance in

A complete their microwave transistor designs.

This article is an exposition of state-of-the-artdesign
techniques and is intended to be instructional, rather
design approach than constructional. By briefly reviewing the design
approach applied in my previous articles, I shall attempt
for uhf and to identify the omissions which cause the resulting
amplifier performance to depart from optimum. Follow-
microwave amplifiers, ing a brief discussion of transistor parameter characteri-
zation, I will show the mathematical procedures neces-
sary to overcome the performance shortcomings of my
and the performance previous designs. This is followed by a design example
based on the MRF-901 transistor. The final section of
tradeoffs which result the article outlines the minor performance differences
between the rigorous design approach and more casual
with simplified matching computations. For those readers who are
interested, an appendix is provided which outlines some
of the rules of vector arithmetic that are required for
design methods proper manipulation of semiconductor scattering
parameters.
simple matching scheme
For any two-port device, optimum power transfer
occurs when both input and output are terminated in
In two recent articles I introduced a rather simplistic their complex conjugate impedances. That is, for any
design method for matching microwave transistors in port impedance consisting of a resistance and a series
microstripline preamplifiers for 1296 MHz.ll2 The reactive component, the termination should appear as a
designs proved entirely acceptable for amateur applica- like value of resistance in series with the opposite reac-
tions, exhibiting input and output vswr well below 2:1, tive component. For example, a port with an impedance
and yielding gains within 0.5 dB of those theoretically of 35 + j l 0 0 ohms (35 ohms of resistance, 100 ohms of
obtainable from the transistors used in the circuits. In series inductive reactance), should be terminated in 35 -
fact, these designs were so successful that they ulti- j100 ohms (35 ohms of resistance, 100 ohms of series
mately formed the basis for a commercial product line capacitive reactance).
for the 1296 MHz band. There is, however, no reason Recognizing the above, amplifier design consists of
why full maximum available gain, and true 1:l vswr, causing the ports (transistor input and output imped-
should not be achievable in microstripline amplifiers if
simplistic design methods are abandoned in favor of a By H. Paul Shuch, WAGUAM, Microcomm, 14908
more complex, rigorous approach. In military and aero- Sandy Lane, San Jose, California 95124

40 october 1976
ances) to be terminated in their complex conjugates. The meters describe a set of variables, based on traveling
problem is to identify the actual transistor input and waves incident on a port and reflected (or scattered)
output impedances occurring at a given frequency, and from it, which are evaluated with a mathematical tool
under a given set of bias conditions. called a scattering m a t r i ~ . ~
It is convenient to assume that the impedances It should be further pointed out that s-parameters are
related to the transistor's input and output reflection vectors. That is, they appear as points on a Smith chart
coefficients (sl 1 and s22) approximate the device's in- or polar plot which can be defined by both magnitude
put and output impedances. This is the approach I used and angle. For example, at a frequency of 1.3 GHz, with
in my previous articles. The fallacy (and one source of
minor errors) is the fact that s j j, the input reflection
coefficient, direct1y relates to input impedance only
when the output is terminated in a pure resistance of 50
ohms. Similarly, s22, output reflection coefficient, is
directly related to the output impedance only when the
input i s terminated in a pure resistance of 50 ohms. In
other words, varying the impedance match at one port
will affect the impedance seen at the other port.
To understand the reason for this interaction, it's
important to realize that no transistor is strictly a uni-
lateral device. Any time a signal is injected into the
output of a transistor amplifier, some signal will be
discernible at the input. The physics of semiconductor
construction allow for a feedback path which, though it
may appear minimal, nontheless allows output matching
to have an impact on input impedance, and vice versa.
If the input and output reflection coefficients of a
transistor were both zero, this feedback path would have
no effect on transistor matching. A reflection coefficient
of zero indicates a corresponding port impedance of 50
ohms, nonreactive. Since s11 is measured with the out-
put terminated in 50 ohms, and s22 i s measured with the
input similarly loaded, this is the only case in which fig. 1. Using a Smith chart to plot the load impedance which
terminating one port will not disrupt matching to the exhibits the specified load reflection coefficient, 0.7 L 39.6'. On
this normalized Smith chart this yields 1.24 + j2.17. I n a 50-ohm
other. Of course, if both the input and output imped- system the required load impedance is 6 2 + 1108.5. T o plot this
ances of a transistor were 50 ohms, pure resistive, point first locate the angle of the reflection coefficient on the
matching to a 50-ohm source and load would be con- peripheral scale and draw a line from 39.6' on this scale through
siderably simplified. Unfortunately, we are not blessed the center of the chart. Referring to the radiaNy scaled voltage
reflection coefficient below the chart, measure the distance to
with such transistors. Hence, to properly determine in-
0.7, and transfer this length to the previously plotted line on the
p u t and output impedances, the device's transfer Smith chart. The crossover point marks the required complex
coefficients must be considered. load impedance.

In addition to sf j and s22, the reflection coefficients a collector current of 10 mA and a collector-to-emitter
discussed previously, a microwave transistor is character- potential of 10 volts, the common-emitter s-parameters
ized by a forward transfer coefficient, s21 for a Motorola MRF-901 microwave transistor are:
(mathematically related to gain), and a reverse transfer sjl =0.47L+161°
coefficient, s12 (which describes the internal feedback s22 = 0.43 L -41
path). Together, these four scattering parameters fully
s12 = 0.08 L +64O
characterize the operation of the device. From them can
be calculated the transistor's stability factor (tendency s2= ~ 3.1 L +63'
to oscillate under various conditions of source and load A complete discussion of the derivation and usefulness
termination), maximum available gain, maximum stable of the four s-parameters is available in an application
gain, and equivalent input and output impedances. The note published by Hewlett-Packard.5 Tabulations of
s-parameters can be further manipulated to determine s-parameters corresponding to various frequencies and
the device's maximum linear power output capability3 bias conditions are available from the manufacturers of
although such an analysis is beyond the scope of this most microwave transistors.
article.
It should be remembered that each of the four s- gain and stability analysis
parameters varies with frequency, as well as with varying Before attempting to determine input and output
conditions of bias current and operating potential. The impedances and design matching networks, i t is desirable
term "scattering" is derived from the fact that the para- to approximate the gain capabilities of the transistor

october 1976 41
under the chosen operating conditions, and t o determine the circuit design, i t is possible to determine whether the
whether the resulting amplifier will be stable. Three performance of the amplifier is acceptable for the inten-
parameters which aid in such analysis are Maximum ded application. If the amplifier proves only condition-
Available Gain (MAG),Maximum Stable Gain (MSG), ally stable (K < I ) , or if MAG i s insufficient, select
and Rollett's stability factor (K). K indicates the ampli- another transistor or bias point, and go through the
fier's tendency to oscillate. If K is greater than 1, the calculations again with the new s-parameters.
amplifier will be stable under any combination of input
and output impedances or phase angles. Such an ampli- output conjugate matching
fier is said to be unconditionally stable. Conservative Assuming that the gain and stability analysis indicate
that the amplifier design is workable, the output circuit
is designed to terminate the transistor in the complex
p- $ -7 50
OHMS
OUT conjugate of its actual output impedance. To determine
the true output impedance requires a manipulation in-
volving not only S z 2 , but also A and B2 (eqs. 2 and 3) as
21 :2 7 4 OHMS AI.7 well as s , , . To find the desired load reflection coeffi-
2 7 /i'7 cient, first compute the intermediate vector quantity
fig. 2. Basic circuit for a 1296-MHz amplifier which uses a
Motorola M R F - 9 0 1 transistor. Input and output matching is
provided by microstriplines and 10 p F trimmer capacitors. This
amplifier is unconditionally stable and gain is about 13 dB (bias
networks are not shown). where the asterisk indicates that the complex conjugate
of the immediately preceding vector is used (that is,
same magnitude, angle has opposite sign).
design philosophy suggests that if K calculates to less The angle of the desired load reflection coefficient,
than unity a different transistor or bias condition should rMLe, is simply CZO*. The desired magnitude is found
be selected. from:
Maximum stable gain is, to quote WAGRDZ, ". . . the
most important figure of merit. Transistors with high
MSG are easy to match, easy to tune, and give high
performance, trouble-free amplifier^."^ Maximum avail-
The sign preceding the radical sign is, once again, oppo-
able gain, also easily calculated, is a fairly accurate
site to the sign on B2. The desired load reflection coeffi-
approximation of the gain you will observe in the actual
cient may now be converted on a Smith chart into a
circuit if i t is carefully designed and built. If MAG is on
complex impedance value, then matched to 50 ohms, as
the order of 2 or 3 dB less than MSG, the amplifier is
discussed in my previous articles.
likely to be both stable and reliable.
Of the above parameters, MSG i s the most readily input conjugate matching
computed because i t involves only the absolute values
Once the output load has been specified, the source
(magnitudes) of 521 and sl 2 :
reflection coefficient which will properly terminate the
transistor's input is found from
MSG (dB)= 10 log- k211
kl2l
In order to perform the remaining calculations, the vec-
tor quantity *A and the scalar values B2 are required: where the asterisk indicates the complex conjugate
(same magnitude, angle has opposite sign). This reflec-
tion coefficient may be plotted on a Smith chart to
determine equivalent impedance, and the result trans-
formed to 50 ohms.
It is now possible to calculate Rollett's stability fac- To those readers who have Hewlett-Packard HP-45
tor, K engineering calculators, I highly recommend an article
by Martin7 which reduces formulas similar to the above
to straightforward keystroke sequences. I have also pub-
lished a HP-35 algorithm for series-to-parallel complex
If K proves greater than unity, go ahead and calculate impedance conversion which may prove useful in design-
maximum available gain: ing matching network^.^ Additionally, I recently derived
a family of programs for the new HP-25 programmable
calculator which greatly simplify all of the above
where if B 2 is greater than zero (i.e., positive), the sign calculations.*
preceding is negative, and if Bz is less than
zero (i.e., negative), the sign i s positive. At this point in * A complete set of HP-25 amplifier design programs is available
from the author for $2.00 plus a stamped, self-addressed
*Rules for vector arithmetic are discussed in appendix I . envelope.

42 @ october 1976
 design example MAG (dn) = 15.9 d~ + 10 log 11.20 - d-i
As noted previously, the common-emitter s-para- = 15.9 dB + 10 log 0.54
meters for the Motorola MRF-901 transistor at 1.3 GHz,
= 15.9 + (-2.7) = 13.2 dB
when biased at 10 volts and 10 mA, are as follows:
s1 = 0.47L+16l0 Since M A G is approximately 3 dB lower than M S G , the
amplifier can be expected to tune easily.
s22 = 0.43 L -41'
output matching. To terminate the transistor in the
s12 = 0.08 L+64'
complex conjugate of its output impedance, first com-
sz1 = 3.10 L+63' pute the intermediate vector quantity C2 from eq. 6 .
Using these parameters, the maximum stable gain, M S G ,
is calculated from eq. 1: CZ = S 2 2 - .
( A s1 *)

M S G TdB) = 10 log $21 remembering that the angle of sl * has a sign opposite
2 to that of sl (in this case, sl * = 0.47 L-161'
= 10 log (3.110.08) = 15.9 dB C2 =(0.43 L-41') - [(0.054 L-25.61") . (0.47 L-1 61°)]
Before performing the remaining calculations, it's neces-
sary to compute the vector quantity A (eq. 2) and the = (0.43 L -41') - (0.02 L I 73.4')
scalar quantity B2 (eq. 3).
Converting to rectangular notation and subtracting the x
A = f s ~
' ~~2 2 ) (- ~ 1 2. ~ 2 1 ) and y components,

= [10.471 . 10.431 L161° + (-41°)] - [10.08( . 13.1 1463' + 6d0)] Returning to polar notation

Converting to rectangular notation and subtracting the x C z e = arctun C lC2, = arctan - 0.826
2Y
and y components, =-39.6'
A, = 0.049 A, = -0.025
C2 = 0.45 L-39.6'
Returning to polar notation
AtR = J
- = J E 6 = 0.055
The angle of the load reflection coefficient, rMLeis
CZe* where the asterisk indicates that the sign of the
= arctan Ay/Ax = urctun -0.500 angle is changed. In this case, C z e * = +39.6'. The
= -26.56' magnitude of the load reflection coefficient is found
from eq. 7:
A = 0.055 L-26.56'
The scalar quantity B2 is calculated from the relation-
ship

where the sign ahead of the radical is opposite to the

sign on BZ.
With the vector quantity A and scalar quantity B2 now
IFMLI =
0.96 - 4 (0.96)' - 4(0.45)'
known, it's possible to calculate Rollett's stability fac- Z(0.45)
tor, K, from eq. 4.
I + lAI2 - Isl 1' - IS ' 1
K= 22-
2 1 . Is121
-- 1 + (0.055)* - (0.47)*-
- (0.43)2
- = 1.20 This quantity may be plotted on a Smith chart to
Z(3.1) (0.08) determine the desired load impedance as shown in fig.
Since the stability factor is greater than 1, the amplifier
I . * This yields
will be unconditionally stable.
The maximum available gain, M A G , of the amplifier
is calculated with eq. 5. *The load im~edancecan also be calculated from the relationshiD

M A G (dB) = M S G (dB) + 10 log IK* d m

where Z12 is the complex load impedince (RYX), Z,,= 50 + j0, and
Since B2 is greater than zero (i.e., positive) the sign of the r,ll,is the complex load reflect~oncoefficient. Since all quantities are
radical is minus. complex numbers, vector arithmetic is required.

october 1976 43
Input matching. Now that the output load impedance the source impedance Zf,and the parallel input resis-
has been specified, the source reflection coefficient tance, R p .
which will properly terminate the input to the transistor
can be calculated from eq. 8: Z , =, f T f
With a 50-ohm source and a parallel input resistance of
15 ohms
Z, =d m 0 = 2 7.4 ohms

= (0.47 L 161 ') + ( f 0 ' 0 8 640) (3'1 630) (0'7 * At 1296 MHz this is easily provided by a microstrip
1 - [(0.7 L 39.6') (0.43 L -41°)1 transmission line 0.26 inches (6.5mm) wide and 1.16
inches (29.5mm) long on a 1116-inch (1.5mm) double-
.
(0.08 3.1 0.7) L64' + 63' + 39.6'
---)* clad, fiberglass printed-circuit board.
=(0.47L161°)+
( -

1 - [(0.7 0.43) L (39.6' - 41°)]

A similar quarter-wavelength transformer can be
designed to match the resistive component, R,, of the
complex series output impedance (62 ohms) to a
50-ohm termination, Z t . As before, the characteristic
impedance of the transmission line is given by

Converting to rectangular notation and adding the x and At 1296 MHz this is provided by a microstrip transmis-
y components, sion line 0.09 inches (2.3mm) wide and 1.21 inches
(30.7mm) long on 1116-inch (1.5mm) double-clad, fiber-
rMSx= -0.68 y 0.21
l M S=
glass printed-circuit board.
Returning to polar notation The required inductive reactance in series with the
collector (tj108.5 ohms) i s provided by shunting a capa-
citive reactance across the output end of the quarter-
r,,, + rMsYz
=drMSx2 =- = 0.71
wavelength transformer. The required capacitive reac-
=arctan rMSyIrMSx
=arctan -0.31 tance is given by

x =Z. * = -55'72- = 28.6 ohms

' X, 108.5

At 1296 MHz:
The source reflection coefficient for a complex conju-
gate input match may be plotted on a Smith chart to c= Zn(1296
I
l o 6 ) 28.6
= 4.3 pF
determine the corresponding source impedance. This
yields the series complex impedance, Z, = 8.7 - j7.4
Again, a 10 pF trimmer capacitor will suffice. The cir-
ohms (parallel complex impedance, Zp = 15 11-j17.6
cuit in fig. 2 shows the complete matching layout.
ohms).
Matching networks. An input conjugate match can be performance comparison
obtained by shunting the transistor base with a capaci.
A simplified amplifier design, in which source and
tive reactance equal to the desired parallel equivalent
load impedancesappear as the complex of the
reactance value (-j17.6 ohms) and transforming the
impedances related to s and s z 2 , yields the circuit
source impedance to the required parallel resistance 1 1.
shown in fig. 3, This was derived by matching to
value (15 ohms) through a quarter-wavelength transmis-
the following assumedshunt-equivalentimpedances:
sion line. The required capacitance value is found from
the familiar reactance equation Parallel: Zi,(derived from sl
1
C= = 21 11 j56.5 ohms
271j5,. Series: Z,, ,(derived from sZ2)
At 1296 MHz:
= 75 - j52.5 ohms
A more rigorous analysis shows the actual device imped-
ances to be:
A 10 pF trimmer capacitor will assure a proper reactive Parallel : Zi,(actual) = 15 11 +jI 7.6 ohms
termination.
Series: ZOut(actual = 62.0 - j108.5 ohms
Transformation of the resistive component (to a
50-ohm source in this case) is accomplished with a Note that the reactive components of the shunt input
quarter-wavelength transmission line which has a charac- impedance and the series output impedance differ signif-
teristic impedance Z,, equal to the geometric mean of icantly. Thus some degree of mismatch can be anticipa-

44 october 1976
ted if the circuit of fig. 3 is built as shown. Since the This is a modest penalty for enjoying the convenience of
actual device impedances are now known, this mismatch a simplistic design approach. Whether the additional
can be accurately predicted. performance available from the more rigorous design
As i t happens, only the resistive component of the method is justified depends largely upon the goals of the
transistor's input or output complex impedance sees a designer, and the intended application of the amplifier.
mismatch. This is because the tuning range of the trim-
mer capacitors in fig. 3 is sufficiently wide to properly references
terminate the reactive components. The input and out- 1. H. Paul Shuch, WA6UAM. "Microstripline Preamplifiers for
1296 MHz," ham radio, April, 1975, page 12.
2. H.Paul Shuch, WAGUAM, "Low Cost 1296 MHz Preampli-
50
fiers," ham radio, October, 1975, page 42.
3. Kenneth Rlchter. "Predicting Linear Power Amplifier Perfor-
mance." Microwaves, February, 1974, page 56.
4. K. Kurokawa, "Power Waves and the Scattering Matrix,"
IEEE Transactions o n Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol-
ume MTT-13, March, 1965.
5. S-Parameter Design, Application Note 154, April, 1972.
fig. 3. 1296-MHz amplifier which was designed with a simplified Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, California 94304.
method. Input and output matching is provided by microstrip- 6. Will Alexander, "Feed Back Strays," Fairchild Journal o f
liner and 10 p F trimmer capacitors. This amplifier is uncondi- Semiconductor Progress, MayIJune, 1975, page 13.
tionally stable and has about 0.5 dB less gain than the circuit 7. William J. Martin, "HP-45 Calculator Speeds RF Amplifier
shown i n fig. 2 (bias networks are not shown). Design," Electronics, March 20, 1975, page 134.
8. H. Paul Shuch, "SeriesIParallel Conversion in Reverse Polish
Notation," Microwves, July, 1975, page 62.
put mismatches are determined by transforming the
actual resistive components through the existing appendix 1
quarter-wave length transformers and comparing the vector arithmetic
resulting impedance to 50 ohms. Referring to fig. 3, In the application of s-parameter deslgn equations, it's necessary to
perform numerous computations involving vector quantities. Vectors
ZI2 - 32.42
Zin(amplifier) =-- - . -- = 70.0 ohms may be expressed either in conventional polar notatlon (magnitude R
Rp in 15.0 and associated angle 0 1 or may be resolved into their rectangular

Z O u , (amplifier) = zI2 -
- -- - 74_82 = 90.2 ohms
Rs o u t 62.0
Thus, the input vswr is 1.4:l and the output vswr is
1.8:1, calculated values which correlate quite closely
with those values observed in the actual amplifiers.
These input and output mismatches will result in
somewhat lower stage gain than available from a proper-
ly terminated device Actual stage gain is found from
A,, (dB) = M A G + GI + C2
where G, and G2 are both negative and represent the
mismatch losses at the input and output, respectively.
Since GI (for a 1.4:1 vswr) i s about -0.1 dB, and C2
(for a 1.8:lvswr) is about -0.4dB, components ( x and y displacement on Cartes~ancoordinates) as shown
below. Since the vector is part of a rlght triangle, man~pulatlonbetween
Ap = 13.2 + (-0.1) + (-0.4) the two forms of notation involves the application of trlgonometrlc
functions. These manipulations may be accomplished on a slide rule,
manually with the aid of trig tables, or on'a hand.held digital calculator.
This closely represents the measured gain of the ampli-
fier shown in fig. 3.

summary I
A method has been outlined for using device s-
parameters to analyze the gain and stability of a micro-
wave amplifier, and to determine appropriate source and
load impedances for a complex conjugate match. It has
been shown that designing around the reflection coeffi-
cients of a particular transistor (while ignoring the
transfer coefficients) resulted in input and output mis-
matches of 1.4:l and 1.8:1,respectively, while de-
grading overall amplifier gain by approximately 0.5dB.

nctnhnr 1976 45
Readers who have advanced scientific calculators which include polar-
rectangular conversion and summation keys will find the process
considerably simplified. The following review is for the benefit of those
not so fortunate.
1. Resolving vectors. Vector arithmetic often requires that the x and y V, = arctan ( Z y l Z x ) = a r c t a n (-0.7712.15)
components of the vector be known. Any vector. V, described by
magnitudg, R , and angle 0 , can be resolved into its x and y components
with the following formulas V, = V1 + V2 = 2.28 L- 19.70'
x = R cos 0
y = R sin 6 4. Vector subtraction. Any two vectors V1 and Vz, which have been
Example: What are the x and y components of the vector 9.22L 40.6' resolved into x and y components V1 , Vly, VZx, and VZy, may be
( R = 9.22, 0 = 40.6Oj? subtracted one from the other by subtracting their respective x and y
components. The results of such subtraction comprise the x and y
x = R cos 6 = 9.22 cos 40.6' components of the resulting vector Vt, which may be constructed t o
.
= 9.22 0.76 = 7.00 yield magnitude VtR and angle Vt,.
y = R sin 6 = 9.22 sin 4 0 . 6 ~ Example: What is the difference when vector V2 is subtracted from
= 9.22 - 0.65 = 6.00 vector VI ?

2. Constructing vectors. The results of vector addition and subtraction

(reviewed later) generally appear as x and y components of the resul-
tant vector. These coordinates can be converted t c a polar vector of
magnitude, R, and angle, 0, with measurements on a graphical plot, or V1, = VIR cos Vls = 0 . 8 c o s - 4 0 ~ = + 0 . 6 1
by using a trigonometric solution. Since the vector is represented by the = V I R s i n Vlo = 0 . 8 s i n - 4 o 0 = - 0 . 5 1
lJly
hypotenuse of a right triangle formed by dimensions x and y , the
Pythagorean theorem may be used to find the magnitude R: V Z x = VZR cos VZ0 = 0.4'0s l 2 o 0 = - 0 . 2 0

R=- VZy = VZR sin V2, = 0.4 sin 120° = i0.35

Trigonometry is used to calculate the angle 0

(2-,) = V, - Vz, =+0.61 - (-0.20)=+0.81
(C.,) = Vly - VZy =-0.51 - (i0.35)~-0.86

I ~ = 6
I
5. Vector multiplication. For any two vectors, V1 and V2, each
I
described by a magnitude, R, and an angle, 0, the vector product is
I
found by multiplying the the magnitudes and adding the angles:
9 = ARCTAN f
= ARCTAN 0 8 6 = 4 0 6.
I

Example: What is the vector product of V1 and V2 when

Vt = 0.8 L45'
Example: What is the magnitude, R , and angle 0 , of the vector V2 = 0.65 L-118'
described by the Cartesian coordinates, x = 7, y = 6 ? x VZR = 0.8 x 0.65 = 0.52
VtR = Vl
Vto = V,, + V2, =+45" + (-1 18") =-73"
C', = V, lr2 = 0.52 L- 73'
=* = 9.22
6. Vector division. For any two vectors, V, and V2, each described by
0 = arctan y i x = arctarr 617
a magnitude, R, and an angle, 0, the vector quotient IS found by
= arctun 0.86 = 40.6' div~dingthe magnitudes and subtracting the angles:
3. Vector addition. Any two vectors VI and Vz, which have been
resolved into x and y components Vl,, Vly, VZ,, and Vzy, may be
added by summing the respective x and y components. The summed
components may then be constructed into a resultant vector Vt, of
magnitude VIR and angle Vto. Example: What is the vector quotient when V1 is divided by vector V2?

Example: What is the sum of vectors C', and Vz when

V2, = VZR eos VZ0 = 2.0 cos -60' = 1.00 7 . Maximum angle. Whenever a vector manipulation yields an expres-
sion whose angle exceeds +180°, subtract the absolute value of the
VZy = VZR sin Vz0 = 2 . 0 s i n -60" =-1.73 angle from 360°, and assign to the resulting angle a sign opposite t o
Z , = Vlx + VZx = 1 . 1 5 i 1.00=2.15 that of the original angle.

46 october 1976
Examples: - 196' = +360 - 1 - 1961

8. Compound expressions. I n expressions involving both vector and

scalar quantities. treat the scalar quantity as though i t were a vector of
angle 0".
Example: I n the expression for the source reflection coefficient which
will properly terminate the transistor's input (eq. 81, the product of the CRYSTAL FILTERS and DISCRIMINATORS
load reflection coefficient, l',,ll,,
and s2, are subtracted from one. I f
-
s j 2 ) = 0.65 L- 1 1 ~what
~ . is the value of the expression, 1 -
9.0 MHz FILTERS
XF9-A 2.5 kHz SSB TX $31.95
([-.,ll. .~22)'
XF9.B 2.4 kHz SSB RX $45.45
XF9-C 3.75 kHz AM $48.95
XF9-D 5.0 kHz AM $48.95
XF9-E 12.0 kHz NBFM $48.95 Export
XF9-M 0.5 kHz CW $34.25
XF9-NB 0.5 kHz CW $63.95 Inqlriries
9.0 MHz CRYSTALS (Hc25/u) Invited
XF900 9000.0 kHz Carrier $3.80
XF901 8998.5 kHz USB $3.80
XF902 9001.5 kHz LSB $3.80 $1.2-5
XF903 8999.0 kHz BFO $3.80
F-05 Hc25/u Socket .50 per filter
9.0 MHz DISCRIMINATORS
XD9-01 k 5 kHz RlTY $24.10
XD9.02 & I 0 kHz NBFM $24.10
XD9-03 '12 kHz NBFM $24.10

9. Angular functions. Since most trigonometry tables show only the

146 MHz f--) 440 MHz FM TRANSVERTER
functions t o t90". when working with vectors which may fall i n any of Use your 2 meter Transceiver on the 440
the four quadrants below ( 0 through 360 degrees) this can lead t o MHz band with addition of the FMt440
TRANSVERTER. No changes needed to your
ambiguities in specifying the angle 0 of a resultant vector. Note that the
2 meter transceiver. Connect FMt440 i n
place of regular 2 meter antenna. Switch
selected band changeover. Write for appli.
cation note.
FMt440 Specifications:
2 meter Drlve Power 25 W max
440 MHz Sensitivity 0.5 #Volt
S I N +I T O 0 S I N 0 T O +I Frequency Ranges 144.150 MHz
COS 0 T O - I
T A N -m TO 0
COS + I T O 0
TAN 0 T O + -
-
430 450 MHz
Price: S 179.95 Repeater Groups write for terms
OUADRANT II OUADRANT I Shipping $3.50 Application Note available free
+.
OUADRANT El OUADRANTIP
ANTENNAS
S I N 0 T O -1 SIN - I TO 0
COS - I T O 0 COS 0 T O + I 144-148 MHz
TAN 0 TO +M TAN--TO 0
8 over 8 J-Beam, Horizontal polar.
Gain +12.6 dad. Feed 50 coaxial.
Model 08/2M $39.95
Vertical polar mounting kit (for
long range repeater access) 59.80

tangent function varies from zero t o +m, from zero t o 90 degrees, from
- m t o zero i n the second quadrant (90 t o 180 degrees), from zero t o +m
i n the third quadrant (180 t o 270 degrees), and from - m t o zero in the 420450 MHz
fourth quadrant (270 through 360 degrees). The sine and cosine func- 48 element J-Beam MULTlBEAM
tions are also ambiguous, as shown, but this doesn't create a problem i n
vector arithmetic.
1 1 Gain +15.7 dad. Feed 50 coaxial.
Model 70/MBM48 $49.95
I n the expression for the angle of the source reflection coefficient, J
1. ,,,,yo, i n the design example l',,ISr = -0.68 and I',,ls, = 0.21.
Shipping: Antennas FOB Concord, Mass. via UPS.
Therefore.
Write direct for Polar plots. Gain & VSWR curves.

This is i n the fourth quadrant whereas the x and y values place the
vector in the second quadrant. Therefore, the correct value for the
Spectrum
angle is 180° + (- 17.3O) = 162.7~.The same sort of ambiguity exists for International, Inc.
the first and third quadrants, and can only be resolved by inspection.
Post Office Box 1084
ham radio

october 1976 47
 two-channel scanner
for were necessary to monitor the two club repeaters with
my lcom IC-2F.
The first problem was how to use diode switching
repeater monitoring with the IC-2F receiver oscillator. WA2GCF described
circuitry for switching crystals in oscillators requiring +5
volts to turn on, and oscillators requiring a ground for
turn-on. Both are designed for circuits where one side of
the crystal is grounded. The IC-2F, however, like many
other Japanese receivers, has a receiver oscillator in
Simple modifications to which the crystal is connected between the collector and
base of the oscillator transistor (fig. IA). Neither side of
WA2GCF's the crystal can be grounded. At first i t appeared it would
be necessary to redesign the oscillator circuit, but the
switching circuit modification shown in fig. IB, which
popular channel scanner required rewiring only the switch, proved useable.

squelch recognition
for use with the Scanning action i s stopped when a carrier opens the
lcom IC-2F and receiver squelch. The original scanner could be stopped
by a squelch circuit that goes to ground when an in-
coming signal is received, or with alternate wiring by a
other vhf-fm transceivers squelch circuit that is at ground potential when the
squelch is closed and goes high when it is opened.
Unfortunately, the IC-2F does neither. Its squelch cir-
cuit i s high when the squelch is closed, and goes to a
lower voltage when i t opens, but not all the way to
The two-channel scanner described in this article was ground. The scanner stopped for strong signals but not
never really designed - i t evolved. I wanted a simple for ones that were weak but still quite readable.
scanner to monitor two repeaters, using a small solid- The original circuit used to stop the scanner multi-
state transceiver. The simplest circuit I found was one vibrator is modified by changing 0 1 to a pnp transistor
described by WA2GCF in an article in ham radi0.l The with its emitter connected to the positive supply voltage,
unit proved to have all the advantages the author and adding an npn transistor, QIA, to control it as
claimed; it was inexpensive, small, easy to assemble, and
operates directly from the 13-volt transceiver power By Pat Shreve, W8GRG, 2842 Winthrop Road,
supply or an auto battery. Only minor modifications Shaker Heights, Ohio 44120

48 october 1976
shown in fig. 2. The base of Q1A is biased so that i t will many club members want to do. If the repeater carrier
be turned off when the squelch circuit connected to i t s does not drop between users' transmissions, the scanner
emitter is high; i t is turned on by a voltage less than the locks on that repeater and will stay there for the entire
bias but still above ground potential, which occurs when conversation. Without a periodic search-back feature

30k ,--.
--

CHANNEL SWITCH

8 CHANNEL

--- ,jt-

-
S WI TCH

v+ TO
SCANNER IN914

-
IN4148
OR

::lo*
I--- A

-1 -1 - 4
:'lo*

- -
9'< 7e

m m
+ 6 V FROM + S V FROM
SCANNER SCANNER

Q
fig. 1. IC-2F receiver oscillator circuit. (A). As originally wired.
(B). Modified for diode switching. Heavy lines show wiring changes.

the squelch opens. When Q1A is off, Q1 and Q2 are also there is no way for the listener to know what may be
off, and the multivibrator can oscillate. When the three happening on the other repeater.
transistors turn on, the multivibrator i s locked and To prevent lock-up on any channel for long periods a
scanning action stops. lock release, rather than a priority channel circuit, is
The scanner still had one disadvantage for monitoring needed. This can be done by adding a timer to the
our two repeaters, which all our control operators and squelch recognition circuit described above. Instead of

I
I
I OUTPUT
I
I
STOP SIGNAL FROM I
RECEIVER SQUELCH
(GROUND POTENTIAL STOP1- 1 O3

ORIGINAL LO - STOP I
I

MOOlFlEO LO . STOP

STOP SIGNAL FROM

-
RECEIVER SQUELCH0
I W I N 0 1 GROUND1 STOP
*ADJUST VALUES AS NECESSARY ( S n T.rt1

flg. 2. Multivibrator circuit modification to stop scanning action with low but above-ground Stop signal.

october 1976 49
 fig. 3. Two-channel scanner w i t h search-back feature.

providing bias for Q1 A from the V+, i t is supplied from are shown in fig. 4." Component placement is shown in
the output of arl NE555 timer IC which is programmed figs. 5 and 6. All of the components except the circuit
t o be high for about 15 seconds and low for a fraction of boards can be purchased from ham radio advertisers for
a second. Each time the IC cycles the scanner will move less than $5, or obtained locally. Tolerances are not
t o the next frequency. With a two-channel scanner both critical, and almost any switching diodes and general-
frequencies are checked at least every 15 seconds. Even purpose silicon transistors can be substituted for those
with four channels none is unguarded for more than a shown without affecting operation.
minute. The 680-ohm resistor and 33-pF capacitor in the bias
supply of Q6 unbalance the circuit sufficiently to insure
control switching
The scanner does not switch transmitter crystals, so
fig. 4. Full-size printed-
manual switching to a selected frequency is necessary circuit layouts f o r t h e
when the operator wants to talk. My IC-2F is a six- switching circuit ( t o p )
channel transceiver, with a six-position, double-pole, a n d the scanner
channel selector switch. As originally wired in fig. IA, (below).

the common terminal on the receive side was connected

to the collector of the oscillator. Rewired as in fig. 16,
this half of the switch controls V+ t o the crystal
switching circuits of four crystals. The other two posi-
tions, in which there are no crystals, control V+ to the
scanner and the synthesizer, so that the scanner is dis-
abled when the switch is turned to any transmitting
position.

construction
The scanner modifications shown here can be easily
applied to the scanner described in WA2GCFfs article.
For those who want only two channels, the complete
circuit is reproduced in fig. 3. Full-size circuit board
patterns for the scanner and the crystal-switching circuit

* A set of drilled, glass-epoxy, printed-circuit boards is available

for $5, postpaid, from D.L. McClaren, 19721 Maplewood Ave.,
Cleveland, Ohio 4 4 1 35

50 october 1976
 Ultra-conservative, super-ruggeddes~gn
1.8 through 30 MHz
8877 E~macTr~ode
Full QSK break-~n
Vacuum tunlng and T/R
Wh~sperqulet
Full year warranty
fig. 5. Prlnted-circuit component layout for the scanner v~ewed
from the component side of board. Circles Indicate external
connections.

the start of scanning action. With the scan rate provided

by the multivibrator circuit components shown in fig. 3,
and the NE555 timing values, the scanner should stop
every time it senses an active frequency.

adjustment
The scan rate can be varied by changing the values of
the multivibrator capacitors. The length of time the
scanner will stay locked on a single frequency can be No-Tune-up - ALPHA 374
Bandpass or manual tunlng 10-80 meters
COUUQN
Max~mumlegal power conttnuous duty all modes
LEAD TO
OSCILLATOR

CRYSTAL CRYSTAL
NO I K) 2

fig. 6. Printed-circuit component layout for oscillator switching

circuit shown in fig. 18.

changed by replacing the 1-megohm NE555 charging 2+ Kilowatts SSB PEP

resistor with a different value. If these timing compo- Full KW CW/FSK/SSTV
10-160M Standard
nents are changed, i t may be necessary to change the Two El MAC 8874's
value of the 47k discharge resistor, also, to limit the Fully self-conta~ned
multivibrator to only one cycle each time the NE555
output goes low. Excessive low time will cause the t factory delivery
scanner to miss a signal on the next channel.

reference
1. Jerry Vogt. WA2GCF. "Improved Channel Scanner for VHF
FM," ham radio, November, 1974, page 26.
ham radio

october 1976 51
 how to improve
receiver performance
of vacuum-tube 1/ Vhf f m operation is becoming increasingly popular with
radio amateurs, with tens of thousands of fm trans-
mitters and receivers now in use, and more being put
vhf-fm equipment ! into service daily. Not an insignificant number of these
rigs are converted from commercial service - equipment
1 that was originally manufactured by firms such as
Motorola, RCA, and GE. However, most of the older
; receivers use vacuum-tube front ends so they don't pro-
vide the sensitivity that is possible with modern solid-
state devices. This article describes a simple, proven
Simple circuit modification I mosfet circuit that can be easily substituted for those
noisy tube-type front ends.
for replacing 6AK5 receiver I
The most popular receiver rf amplifier used by
communications equipment designers back in the late
rf amplifier stages 1950s and early 1960s was based on the 6AK5 pentode
- a workhorse used heavily during the war in vhf radar
and communications systems. Typical receiver sensitivi-
with a low noise, I ties provided by this tube are on the order of 1.5 to 3.0
I microvolts for 20 dB quieting. Considering the state of
dual-gate, mosfet '
the art for those days, that was not shabby performance.
In recent years the communications designer has been
provided with a proliferation of very reasonably priced,
high performance, dual-gate mosfet devices from several
different manufacturers. One example is the 3N204 by
Texas Instruments which has optimum spot noise figures
of 2 dB a t 200 MHz, 3 dB at 400 MHz, degrading to 7
dB a t 900 MHz, all for $1.25 in small quantities. Anyone
who has worked with a 41 7A/5842 vacuum-tube con-
verter from the 1950s can certainly appreciate how
rapidly technology has marched forward during the past
two decades.

By Hank Meyer, WGGGV, 29330 Whitley Collins

Drive, Rancho Palos Verdes, California 90274

52 5 october 1976
 It's a relatively simple task to replace the 6AK5 rf following connections to the 6AK5 tube socket:
amplifier in your present rig with a 3N204 or other
Drain to pin 5
dual-gate device. Fig. 1 shows the circuit of a typical
Source to ground (pin 3 or 4)
6AK5 rf amplifier stage found in many commercial rigs,
Gate 1 to pin 1
while fig. 2 shows the base diagram of the 6AK5. The
Gate 2 to pin 6
following steps describe the circuit modification, which
can be accomplished in less than an hour. 8. Disconnect the antenna input lead and reconnect i t to I

the top of the rf input coil as shown in fig. 3. I

1. Remove the center pin from the 6AK5 tube socket by
bending i t over and breaking it with a pair of pliers. Cut
any wires which are soldered to the center grounding
pin.
2. Install a 33k, 112-watt resistor from pin 6 to ground.
If there is already another resistor from pin 6 to ground, fig. 2. Base diagram (bottom view) of the 6 A K 5 tube socket.

9. Using a signal generator or on-the-air signal, repeak

ALTERNATE
INPUT CIRCUIT
the tuned input and output circuits for maximum
INPUT output.
I CII

10. Remove the 6-volt filament wiring from the socket,

but before you do, check to see if two or more tubes are
wired in series. If they are, install a 36-ohm, 2-watt
resistor in series with the filament line to compensate for
7 7 the current drain of the 6AK5 filament. This completes
the conversion.
HIGH +ISOVOC
a+ LINE
I have converted several 6AK5 rf amplifier stages to
T O AGC
IK
dual-gate mosfets using this simple procedure, and all
CONTROL
LINE have provided outstanding results. Sensitivity measure-
d7 ments using a Hewlett-Packard 6080 signal generator
fig. 1. Typical 6 A K 5 receiver rf amplifier stage found in many indicate a sensitivity of about 0.25 to 0.30 microvolts
older commercial vhf-fm rigs. Performance of this circuit is
for 20 dB quieting - a marked improvement in
typically 1.5 to 3.0 microvolts for 2 0 dB quieting. Replacing the
6 A K 5 with a vhf dualqate mosfet, as described here, increases performance.
sensitivity to 0.25 to 0.30 microvolt for 2 0 d B quieting.

remove it. Make sure that there is a 0.001 pF disc bypass

capacitor between pin 6 and ground.
3. Remove the original resistor from the B+ line to pin 6
(BOTTOM V I E W )
and replace it with a 120k, 112-watt resistor.
4. Remove the voltage-dropping resistor(s) from the B+
line to the B+ point on the 6AK5 rf amplifier plate
output coil and replace i t with a 300-ohm, 112-watt
resistor.
5. Break the B+ line from the high-voltage feedpoint to
the 6AK5. Now install a 3-lug terminal strip (two insula-
ted lugs, one grounded lug) by soldering the ground lug fig. 3. Modified receiver rf amplifier using a 3 N 2 0 4 dual-gate
to a convenient point on the chassis. Install a 6.8k, mosfet. Components marked with an asterisk are new.

2-watt resistor between the two insulated tie points and

connect one end of the resistor to the previously
removed B+ line. Connect an 18-volt Zener diode (400 In addition to the 3N204 1 have tried several other,
mW to 1 watt rating) from the other end of the 6.8k similar dual-gate devices, including the 3N201 and
resistor to ground. From this same point connect a wire 3N200, all with good success. All of these devices are in
to the former B+ feedpoint for the 6AK5. the same price class, although the 3N204 has a bit better
performance. If you're using an older tube-type
6. Insert the 3N204 mosfet into the center hole of the
commercial rig, this simple modification can significant-
6AK5 tube socket.
ly extend your receiving range and operating pleasure.
7. Using the 3N204 basing diagram in fig. 3, make the ham radio

october 1976 5 53
 RC active filters
using op amps arrangement R1, C1 form part of the network, allowing
a symmetrical response about center frequency. This
added input network increases the lower-frequency skirt
selectivity, which otherwise would not fall off as fast as
An overview the upper-frequency skirt characteristic. The frequency-
response equation including phase relationships is:
of three of the
most popular
filter circuits,
A narrow bandpass filter of small size and low power
consumption is often needed for increased receiver The response equation remains in this form since i t
selectivity or other communications applications, such as becomes rather cumbersome to deal with if expanded
RTTY. Active filters are also presently found in IC form further. The design equations for the filter are:
for applications in modems, function generators, and
level detect0rs.l This article presents information that
has been omitted from the many articles on the subject
in the amateur literature. Three of the most popular RC
active filters are described together with their design
equations and response characteristics. Also included is a
discussion of breadboard testing and results of filter
performance both singly and in cascaded form.
where cx = 6
choice of circuit
The parallel-T network is a popular narrowband filter,
which is used in the feedback loop of an op amp in
various ways. In this case the network was inserted
between the inverting input and op-amp output: In this for eo
-- = 1
ei

Typical values chosen for this filter were:

R 1 39,000 ohms R 4 1727 ohms C3 0.05 M F
R 2 39,000 ohms C1 0.006 MF fo 1000 Hz
R3 3454 ohms C2 0.1 MF 3dB BW,
Q 14 (four stages); shape factor 13 (four Stages
71 Hz)

I- The Q can be made very high if desired, but the skirt

By Fred M. Griffee, W41YB, 8809 Stark Road,

Annandale, Virginia 22003

54 october 1976
 OOlpF

1001 +

CASCADED FILTER SECTION

fig. 1. Input bandpass filter section, A, and cascaded sections. 6, used for analysis.
The rationale for component values is discussed in the text.

selectivity or bandpass-filter shape factor with only one

stage remains poor. With three or four stages, the skirt
selectivity and shape factor become fairly good for a
narrow-bandpass audio filter; however, the component
tolerance sensitivity is high.
Another circuit employing feedback in a slightly
different manner (the same approach used by the popu-
lar MFJ-CWF2 filter2) to acquire the bandpass character-
R l = %foC, where C = C1 = C2
istic is given below (for one stage):

Q na,letting a=&'

Again, this filter will not have good skirt se!ectivity and
cascaded stages must be used to obtain a good shape
factor. Otherwise, regardless of Q, signals will still be
heard with respect to sideband frequencies far removed
The response and design equations can be derived in the from the center frequency, f a . Values chosen from the
usual manner as in the previous case using flow-graph design equations for this filter are given below for four
analysis. They are given below for reference: stages:

R1 975,000 ohms C1 0.001 pF fo 1000 Hz

eo jw[l l R l C i ] R 2 13,165 ohms C2 0.001 pF 3-dB BW 71 Hz
- (a)= - (6)
ei R1 + R 2
R l R2R3ClC2
- 2,
] j, [C1R3C1
+ -
-IC2+I
I R3 1.95 megohms
Shape factor 13
Q = 14

october 1976 55
 F R E Q U E N C Y (HZ1

fig. 2. Response characteristics of single and cascaded filter sections. Cascading offers a more practical
approach for R 1 and R 2 values, which are used to vary filter gain and Q (see fig. 1).

Still another circuit that i s probably a little more ing stages for R3. (See fig. 1.) R1 varies the overall filter
complex i s shown in fig. 1. The response and design gain, R2 the Q, and R3 tunes each stage t o the same
equations for this filter are: desired center frequency. A value of 50k was more than
adequate to cover the tolerance variations and range of
e0 j u [ 1 IRICI ] interest. The variable pots, R1 and R2, were 500k maxi-
-(u) =-
mum for the input stage. The remaining stages included
ei
[i3R~clcz (+)- Y;]+ j u [ IRZCI
~ 1 the values given above except for R3, which was chosen
to be 50k in series with a 10k resistor.
This approach shows no improvement in skirt selec-
tivity over the others and, in the same manner, requires
cascaded stages or building blocks as they are sometimes
called.3 However, this circuit has the advantage of not
being so component-tolerance sensitive. In fact, the Q
can be varied without affecting the gain or center fre-
quency by varying R2; the gain can be varied indepen-
Choose CI = C2 dently by varying R1; and the center frequency can be
R4 = R5 varied independently by varying R6 or R3. The filter can
R3 = R 6 be easily tuned using components with 10-percent
tolerance. Also, you can adjust the tone or output level
without varying other filter parameters, such as frequen-
Typical component values chosen for this circuit were: cy or Q.
This completes the basic description of the three
R1 98,000 ohms R4 10,000 ohms C1 0.01 FF more popular bandpass filter circuits. The following dis-
R 2 98,000 ohms R5 10,000 ohms C2 0.01 pF
R3 15.91 5 ohms R 6 15,915 ohms f, 01000 Hz cussion addresses the breadboard testing of each circuit,
3-dB BW 71 Hz (four stages); shape factor 13 with a final filter design using the circuit having indepen-
(See fig. 1 for final values). dent characteristic control.

The values for R1, R2, R3 were made variable for the
filter-circuit breadboards
first stage, while a potentiometer was used in the follow- The parallel-T network was evaluated first. The feed-

56 october 1976
 back network using a parallel-T network was very sensi-
tive to component variation. The measured filter charac-
teristics agreed with theoretical results, using a pro-
grammable hand calculator, almost to the point where
one would be satisfied without evaluating a breadboard
circuit (if 1-percentor better component tolerances were
used).
The second circuit evaluated was that used in the
popular MWJ-CWF2, which uses matched components
for each section - difficult to implement unless you
have an impedance bridge. The measured results again
agreed with theoretically derived results when 1-percent
component tolerances were used.
When reviewing the references on this subject, I
found that all attained the same success between
' theoretical and measured results at audio frequencies

when using close tolerance value^.^ As in the parallel-T

circuit, the second circuit was sensitive to component-
value variation and only slight improvement was
obtained regarding characteristic control.
The third circuit was by far the most superior in
terms of varying filter characteristics independently of
each other. Again, theoretical results agreed with
measured results after tuning each stage to the desired
center frequency. In all cases, the measured results
departed from those of the theoretical case only when
the operational amplifier characteristics no longer were
allowed to assume a very high input impedance, a near-
zero output impedance (power limited of course), and a
very high open-loop gain (with respect to the Q and skirt
selectivity plus stage-to-stage isolation).

construction and cost T o p and bottom (above and below) of the Vector board con-
struction used for the experimental active bandpass filter using a
Cost was kept to a minimum by using available
single ~ 7 4 op
1 amp.
barrel-kit components. In this case, 14 good p741 ICs
were found among fifty purchased, for a little less than
two dollars. The quad operational amplifier, LM324, portant observation noted from the response curves is
although a little more expensive, provided a much neater that only one stage needs a variable pot for varying Q, at
layout and also showed a slightly higher open-loop gain least within the ranges normally desired. If a greater Q
at 1000 Hz, where the p741 drops of quite a bit. range is desired, pots can be used in all four sections.
Construction and layout were arranged so that either The more practical approach for wide Q variation is
the quad operational amplifier chips or the single ~ 7 4 1 to use a four-stage pot with a common shaft coupling.
could be evaluated. The photos show top and bottom Similarly, the frequency adjustment requires only one
component layout. Printed circuit boards could have pot per stage unless a wide frequency range is desired.
been used, but construction time and cost would have Normally R5 is chosen to equal R4; C1 to equal C2; and
increased. Batteries were used; however, a separate R3 to equal R6 for maximum dynamic range. However,
power supply might be more desirable. The filter draws varying only one of the resistors, R3 or R6, seems to
only about 17 mA. allow ample dynamic range, especially if the filter is
installed immediately after the detector in a receiver. A
concluding remarks center frequency between 700 and 1500 Hz i s usually
Fig. 2 illustrates the response characteristics as the chosen.
stages are cascaded. At first I thought that one stage It will also be noted from fig. 2 that the response is
with a higher Q would suffice (the dashed curve shows not affected nearly as much near the center frequency
the response characteristic of a single stage with a Q of when cascading stages as it is far removed from the
63). This arrangement didn't provide the desired skirt center frequency. This further illustrates the need for
attenuation for rejecting strong signals close to center cascading stages to obtain the desired skirt selectivity.
frequency, so additional stages were cascaded to improve The two circuits shown in fig. 1 illustrate the input
the shape factor (60-dB bandwidth divided by the 3-dB stage, A, which includes the pots for Q and gain adjust-
bandwidth). ment and the following additional cascaded stages, B,
Cascading stages offered more practical and less each of which uses a pot for tuning to center frequency.
component-sensitive values for R1 and R2. An im- The op amps, with their near-infinite input impedance

october 1976 57
 . . and near-zero output impedance, provided excellent
isolation between filter stages in the feedback loop. In
this case, the noninverting inputs were connected to
ground along with the center common point of the two
bias sources of plus and minus 9 volts.
Very weak signals could be pulled out of the noise by
increasing the first-stage filter gain and Q. The filter
exhibits an increase in weak-signal level when the gain
and Q are adjusted carefully by presenting energy near
the center frequency of the filter, which causes it to ring
slightly. Filter ringing increases the desired signal output
level and provides an apparent signal-processing gain,
which strengthens the lower signal voltage levels. This
does not mean that energy i s created, but that energy is
added to the amount detected.
It was not the intent of this article to describe each
filter in great detail but rather to present an introduction
and the supporting design equations. Many other con-
figurations are possible, but I feel that those discussed
. . . J- -;.-
.. , ,: a,,'.i
LC
' ;.:
8.
. here are of primary interest. At any rate, you can use the
,.
I .
.
..I .. ,+.... .
"
design equations for your own audio bandpass filter and
tailor it to your requirements.

references
1. G.S. Moschytz, Linear Integrated Networks Design, Bell
Laboratories Series, Van Mostrand Reinhold, New York, 1975.
2. J.G. Graeme, G.E. Tobey, and L.P. Huelsman, Operational
Amplifier Design and Applications, 1973 Burr-Brown Electronic
-- 3 . - .- Series, McGraw-Hill, New York.
3. P.E. Fleischer and J. Tow, "Design Formulas for Biquad
Active Filters Using Three Operational Amplifiers," Proceedings
of the IEEE (letter), May, 1973, page 662.
The experimental quad op amp active bandpass filter showing 4. S.K. Mitra, Active Inductorless Filters, IEEE Press, New York,
component layout, above, and wiring. below, using Vector board 1971, page 105.
construction for flexibility and low cost. ham radio

V I Take care that thou tampereth not with safety

ten commandments devices and interlocks, for this incurreth the wrath of
thy supervisor and bringeth the fury of thy safety in-
for technicians spector down upon thy head.
I Beware the lightning that lurketh in the undis- VII Work thou not on energized equipment, for if
charged capacitor, lest it cause thee to bounce upon thy thou dost, thy fellow workers will surely buy beers for
buttocks in a most untechnician-like manner. thy widow and console her in other ways.
II Cause thou the switch that supplieth large quanti- V l l l Service thou not equipment for electrical
ties of juice to be opened and thusly tagged, that thy cooking. It i s a slothful process and thou might sizzle in
days in this earthly veil of tears may be long. thine own fat for hours upon a hot circuit before thy
Maker sees fit to end thy misery.
I l l Prove to thyself that all circuits that radiateth and
upon which thou worketh are grounded and thusly I X Trifle thou not with radioactive tubes and sub
tagged lest they lift thee to radio frequency potential stances lest thou commence t o glow in the dark like a
and causeth thee also to make like a radiator. lightning bug and thy wife have no further use for thee
except thy wages.
I V Tarry not amongst those fools who engageth in
intentional shocks for they are surely nonbelievers and X Thou shalt not make unauthorized modifications
are not long for this world. to equipment, but causeth thou to record all field
changes and authorized modifications made by thee, lest
V Take care that thou useth the proper method when
thy successor tear his hair out and go slowly mad in his
thou takest the measure of a high-voltage circuit lest
attempt to decide what manner of creature hath made a
thou incinerate both thyself and thy meter, for verily,
nest in the wiring of such equipment.
though thou hast no account number and can easily be
surveyed, the t e s t meter doth have one and, as a conse- Reprinted with permission from Newcastle, publication of the
quence, bringeth much woe unto the supply department. U.S. Army Engineer District, Los Angeles Corps of Engineers.

58 october 1976
 The Drake SSR-1
provides real Compare these features
with any other general
coverage SW receivec

PORTABILITY and
Complete general coverage
operation from 500 kHz to 30 MHz
with synthesizer circuitry. No
range crystals to buy. Dial
calibration accuracy within 5 kHz
at all frequencies

VERSATILITY
Built-in telescoping antenna with
provision for external antenna.
Built-in ac power supply. Provision
for internal "D" cell batteries in
built-in battery holder. Receiver
automatically switches to batteries

in a if ac power fails.

Product detector for ssblcw

general coverage reception.

SW receiver ... Clarifier for extra fine ssblcw

tuning.

1 0 W solid state. Dc power cord

available for external 12V dc
operation from auto or boat.

Built-in loud speaker. Drake HS-1

cushioned, impedance-matched
headphones also now available
For more information on this and other for SSR-1
fine Drake products, please contact:
Small size: 13" wide, 11"deep, 5.5"
high (33 x 28 x 14 cm). Weight 14
Ibs (6.4 kg).
R. L. DRAKE COMPANY
540 Richard Street, Miamisburg, Ohio 45342 Phone (513) 866-2421 Telex 288417

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134 october 1976 59

 wideband preamp
performer well into the vhf range. However, the coupling
and bypass capacitors, balun transformer, and circuit
layout may need to be changed to reach the higher
Construction details frequencies. In certain cases, as when using a wideband
antenna or equipment with poor intermodulation or
for a low noise. spurious-response characteristics, it may be necessary to
use bandpass filters1 on the amplifier input or output.
wideband receiver preamp acknowledgement
that covers the I would like t o acknowledge the contributions of Jim
Jenkins, KIJXK, who's early ideas led to my writing this
f requency range from artice.

1000 kHz to 50 MHz

Here's an effective yet inexpensive wideband preamp

that covers the amateur high-frequency bands. Use it to
soup up old receivers of the pre-1970 era or improve
performance of more modern equipment. The circuit is
easy to build, requires no exotic parts, and should go
together in one or two evenings. Total parts cost is less
than ten dollars.
The circuit (fig. 1) features a 2N5109 npn silicon
high-frequency transistor, which i s used in CATV ampli-
fiers requiring low cross-modulation distortion and low-
noise input. The 2N5109 has a 3-dB noise figure a t 200
MHz, current gain-bandwidth product of 1200 MHz,
cross-modulation distortion of -70dB. and collector-
emitter amplifier voltage gain of 11 dB (50-216 MHz). I t
The printed-circuit board for the wideband rf preamplifier is
sells for about $3.00 in small quantities. A PC-board built into a 4x4x11/? inch ( 1 0 x 1 0x3.8cm) aluminum enclosure.
layout is shown in fig. 2. LED is mounted inside rubber grommet t o the right o f the
While the circuit was intended to be used in the in/out switch knob.
frequency range from 1 to 50 MHz, the 2N5109 i s a hot
reference
By Ed Pacyna, WlAAZ, Danbury Circle, Arn- 1. Wes Hayward, W7ZOI. "Bandpass Filters for Receiver Pre-
herst, New Hampshire 03031 selectors," ham radio, February, 1975, page 18.

60 october 1976
 047pH OSPF

430 430

05°F

ANTENNA

6
O O
2N5109
(BOTTOM VIEW)

fig. 1. Wideband preamp schematic. The .47 pH inductor can be a couple of ferrite beads placed over a short loop of no. 20 t o no. 30
AWG (0.8-O.2Smm) insulated wire. The 4:1 wideband transformer i n the transistor collector circuit is made by twisting together two
'
pieces of insulated 20 t o 30 AWG (0.8-0.25mm) wire. then winding 8 t o 10 bifilar turns on a $14 t o 1/z inch (6-13mm) toroid core.

fig. 2. Foil side of the printed-circuit layout for the wideband amplifier.

fig. 3. Component layout for the wideband high-frequency preamplifier.

october 1976 61
 W& -8 %+. FALL SPECIALS

I WILSON 204 MONOBANDER PLUS DB33 I

The Wilson 204 is the best and most economical antenna of its type on the market.
Four elements on a 26' boom plus a Gamma Match (no balun required) make for
high performanm on CW & phone across the entire 20 meter band. The 204 Mono-
bander is built rugged at the high stress points. Using taper swaged slotted tubing
permits larger diameter tubing where i t munts, for maxlmum strength w ~ t hminimum
wind loading.

The DB33 is the newsst addition to the Wilson line of antennas. Designed for the
amateur who wants a lightweight economical antenna package, the DB33 compli.
ments the M204 for an excellent DXerr combination.

WILSON AMATEUR ANTENNA WECIFICATIONS

All Wilson Monoband and Duoband beams h m the following common features:
Taper Swaged Tubing Adjustable 52 Gamma Match

..
Full Compression Clamp Quality Aluminum
No Holes Drilled in Elements Handle 4kw
2" or 3 Alum~numBooms Heavy Extruded Element to Boom Mounts

All Wilson Antennas are FACTORY DIRECT ONLY1 The low p r i m are possible by
eliminat~ngthe dealer's discount. Most antennas in stock. I f y w order any antenna.
you may purchase a CDR Ham II tor $129.95 or a CDR CD44 for 5109.95. Send
check or money order, or phone in BankAmericard or Master Char*. All 2" Boom
antennas shipped UPS. 3 by truck.

1 I1 1

I
-- ACCESSORIES AVAILABLE

220 and 450 ES

SPECIAL
DESCRIPTION PRICE
BC1 BATTERY CHARGER ..
$34.95
BP1 10 EA. A A GOULD
NICAD BATTERIES .....
14.95
BT1 EXTRABATTERY
TRAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.W
-
SWITCHABLE 1 2.5 WATT (1 & 1.8W O N 450) LC1 LEATHER CASE
1402 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.95
6 CHANNEL - A L L PLUG-IN XTALS WlTH TRIMMERS LC2 LEATHER CASE
1405.2202.4502 .......12.95
. O N BOTH T X & R X CRYSTALS
1 2 kHz CERAMIC FILTERS BATTERY INDICATOR
HAS .3/JV SENSITIVITY FOR 20 dB QUIETING
SMl SPEAKER MIKE FOR
EARLY MODEL 1402
9 PIN CONNECTOR
SM2 SPEAKER MlKE FOR
. . . . .24.%
A L L NEW HAND HELDS
10.7 & 455 kHz I F O N 220 (21.4 & 455 kHz O N 450) WlTH ROUND 6 PIN

. CURRENT: 1 4 m A RX, 500 m A TX O N BOTH

CONNECTOR
TE.1 SUB-AUDIBLE TONE
ENCODER
......... .24.%

.. MODELS @ 12.0 VDC

MICROSWITCH PTT BUTTON
WEIGHT IS LESS THAN 2 2 OUNCES (WID NI-CADS)
INSTALLED . . . . . . . . . . .34.95
TTP TOUCH TONE PAD .... .49.95
INSTALLATION A T
TIME OF RADIO
PURCHASE ........... .FREE
SIZE IS 8.9" x 1.7" x 2 . 9 INSTALLATION A T
LATER DATE. A D D . . . . . 15.00
UNBREAKABLE L E X A N @ CASE XF.l 10.7 KC MONOLITHIC
XTAL FILTER ......... .9.95
BOTH UNITS USE THE SAME ACCESSORIES AS THE CRYSTALS
TX or RX
2-METER 1402 & 1405 H A N D HELDS ICommon Frequency
Onlyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.75
OPTIONAL 12 BUTTON TOUCH-TONE PAD AVAILABLE
COMES COMPLETE wlRUBBER DUCKIE, NI-CAD CASE,
(223.50 INSTALLED OR 446.00 O N THE 450)

SPECIAL @ 90 D A Y
* 220 mHz MODEL 2202SM - $219.95 WARRANTY

*450 mHz MODEL 4502SM - $269.95 D A Y MONEY BACK

10 GUARANTEE
I
WILSON ELECTRONICS CORP., 4288 S. POLARIS AVE., L A S VEGAS, NV. 89103 U.S.A. (702) 739-1931 TELEX 684-522 2
62 a october 1976 More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134
 2.5 and 5 WATT 2 METER
6 CHANNEL HAND HELD TRANSCEIVERS

** -
. 3 pV RECEIVERS 12 kHz CERAMIC FILTERS
FACTORY
OPTIONAL 12 BUTTON PAD AVAILABLE FOR ANY HAND HELD INSTALLED
* AVAILABLE FOR MARS OR CAP 10 DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE
* 90 DAY WARRANTY INCLUDES 52 SIMPLEX and "DUCKIE" ANTENNA

TRIMMER CAPS ON RX & TX

ALL PLUG-IN CRYSTALS 1 or 5 WATT
(Same as WE-224 Mobile) MODEL 1405SM
i

.
-10.7and455kHzIF
.3P V SENSITIVITY FOR
20dB QUIETING

CURRENT DRAIN @ 12 VDC

MODEL 1402SM:
OPTIONAL
RCVR. 1 4 m A - X M T R 5 0 0 m A
TOUCH-TONE
MODEL 1405SM:
RCVR. 1 4 m A - TX @ 1W' 400 mA
T X @ 5W: 900 m A AVAILABLE
FACTORY
1402 HAS S METER & BATTERY
INDICATOR
-1405 HAS A SENSITIVE BATTERY
INDICATOR
BOTH MODELS FEATURE MICRO-
SWITCH PTT

THE 1402 CASE IS HIGH IMPACT

.ABS PLASTIC
WEIGHT (w/o NI-CADS) IS LESS THAN
22 OUNCES
OVERALL MEASURE IS 8.9" x 1 . 9 x 2.9"
10 NICADS (ORDER BP-1) ARE EXTRA

O V E R 2000 UNITS I N STOCK

SPECIAL @ $164.95

TO: W I L S O N E L E C T R O N I C S COUP., 4288 S. Polarls Ave., Las Vegas, Nevada 89103, (702) 739-1931, Telex 684-522

1
FALL SPECIAL DIRECT SALE ORDER BLANK
PLEASE P R I N T CLEARLY
-1402SM 8 $164.95 -TTP @ $49.95 CHECK MONEY ORDER
ENCLOSED IS
-1405SM @ $229.95 -XFl@ $9.95 UMC OBAC
-2202SM @ $219.95 -EXTRA CRYSTALS @ $3.75 ea. CARD #
-4502SM @$269.95 P L E A S E PUT A L L INSTALLED
XTALS ON FREQ. ($7.50 Extra EXPIRATION DATE
-BC 1 @ $34.95
per Radio)
-BPI
-BT1
@ $14.95
@ $6.00
INSTALL THESE CRYSTALS
TX ! RX
NAME

B . . q " TizEl
ADDRESS
-LC 1@ $12.95 A-
-LC2 @ $12.95
-SM1 @ $24.95 c- -ZIP
-SM2 @ $24.95 D- J. PHONE ( 1
-TEl @ $34.95 +~
K
--E. SIGNATURE
F
SHIPPING
Specify Freq. on Tone Encoder TE-1
HANDLING PREPAID FOR FALL SPECIAL
NEVADA RESIDENTS ADD SALES TAX
Hz I SPECIAL PRICES G O O D T H R U N O V . 30.1976

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134 october 1976 63

 four-band
vhf receiving converter
MHz (3 x 46 = 138); 179 MHz (4 x 46 = 184); 179 MHz,
189 MHz (4 x 46 = 184); and so on.
Now, 46 MHz is not just a number plucked out of
One 46-MHz crystal thin air for this example. It was developed after weeks of
doodling, and is a key ingredient in the design. To
and an ingenious understand why, consider this:
1 x 46 = 46 (used on 6 meters)
mixing scheme 3 x 4 6 = 138 (used on 2 meters)
5 x 46 = 230 (used for 220 MHz)
provide coverage between 7 x 46 = 322
9x46=414
(not used)
(used for 420 MHz)
six meters and 420 MHz Therefore, it should be possible to use only one crystal
and some sort of odd-harmonic generator to meet the
design objective of all-vhf-band coverage. 420 MHz is
picked up as a bonus (vhf ends at 300 MHz).
circuit description
How would you like an inexpensive way to monitor
Fig. 1 is the complete converter schematic with parts
your local two-meter repeater?Or how about a 220-MHz
list. Ignoring the broadband r f preamplifier ( 0 1 through
receiver? In fact, how about a receiver covering 6 meters
0 3 ) for the moment, let us continue our study of the
through 420 MHz? These are a few of the questions that
harmonic mixer. Crystal Y1, a plated, overtone unit,
were buzzing around in my head, so I decided to build a
oscillates at 46 MHz in a series-resonant mode. Transis-
general-purpose receiver capable of covering all vhf
tors Q5 and 0 6 form the differential amplifier oscillator:
bands. The result i s the front end of an all-band vhf
rf voltage at Q5's collector is fed back to Q6's base by
converter.
capacitor C5 and the crystal.
design Harmonic emphasis i s supplied by tuned line L1 con-
nected from Q6's base to rf ground. L1 is a shorted,
At .a recent test-equipment seminar, a nifty but little-
quarter-wave transmission line cut to resonance at the
used fact concerning mixers surfaced once again: Not
crystal frequency. It is 314 wavelength long at the third
only is the local oscillator's fundamental frequency avail-
harmonic, 514 wavelength long at the fifth harmonic,
able; but the mixer itself, being a nonlinear device,
etc., and acts as a parallel-tuned circuit at all odd har-
produces harmonics of the oscillator frequency that can
monics. Therefore, the fundamental and odd harmonics
be used in the mixing action.
of the crystal are present a t the base of mixer transistor
Example: Use a 46-MHz local oscillator and an input Q6, as desired. Construction details for a miniaturized
of 51 MHz to generate an i-f at 5 MHz. The local quarter-wave line suitable for PC-board mounting are
oscillator's 138-MHz third harmonic can produce the given in fig. 2, which is self-explanatory.
same i-f from an input at 143 MHz. In fact, this i-f will The remainder of the converter consists of a broad-
be produced from any of the following input frequen-
cies: 87 MHz, 97 MHz (2 x 46 = 92); 133 MHz, 143 By S. Smith, W3TQM, Laurel, Maryland 20810

64 october 1976
band, cascode preamplifier (transistors Q1, Q2, and Q3) to figs. 2 and 3, you should have no difficulty building
that is R-C coupled to mixer driver Q4. No tuning is one of these converters.
incorporated purposely so that the converter may be The six transistors, in two differential amplifier con-
conveniently used on any of the four bands. Of course, figurations, are packaged as RCA's CA3049T integrated
external tuning is required, or the device will work on all circuit. This IC was reportedly designed for low-noise

fig. 1. Schematic of the four-band vhf receiving converter. Resistors are '12 watt, 10% composition. A l l transltors are part of R C A C A 3 0 4 9 T
integrated circult. Circled numbers are IC Pin numbers. Capacitor voltage rating is 25 volts working or greater. Construction of
transmission line resonator. L1, is shown in fig. 2.

bands at once! It also converts local TV and fm frequen- vhf amplifier service and was chosen for i t s small size
cies, because even harmonics of the crystal are not and cost.
eliminated in the design.
performance
construction Several converters I built had sensitivities below 1 p V
Fig. 3A i s the foil pattern I used. A glass/epoxy on 50, 144, and 220 MHz, and sensitivities of about 2
board, 2 by 2 inches (5lx51mm) is used. Fig. 3B is a pV on 420 MHz. Image rejection and i-f feedthrough,
parts layout diagram. Note that all components mount being functions of the input tuning, are not meaning-
on top of the board; the foil is the bottom. By reference fully measured on such a broadband device. These para-
meters vary according to the tuning scheme used. Fig. 4
N O 3 0 AWG (025 mml ENAMELED WIRE. ONE TWIST PER INCH 125 5 mml is a simple tuner that serves the purpose and matches the
converter input to a 50-ohm antenna. Note that, with a
bit of care, this input tuner could be bandswitched.
Conversion gain i s a function of the band in use. The
output level obtained during sensitivity checks, at 10 dB
s/n ratio, is 10 pV. Power required is 12 Vdc at approxi-
I MEG. 1/2W-
n mately 15 mA; the circuit works well on a 9-volt supply
with slightly reduced sensitivity.
C 1 .
X
WIND WIRE ON RESISTOR
applications
I use one converter to monitor 146.76 and 146.94
MHz on a broadcast-band transistor radio. To do this,
the crystal was changed to 48.5 MHz, achieving an
injection frequency of 3 x 48.5 = 145.5 MHz. The
resulting i-f is in the broadcast band, and the segment of
two meters between 146 and 147 MHz can be tuned by
tuning the broadcast receiver through the i-f range of 0.5
fig. 2. Construction details for a
miniaturized I/.-wave transmission
to 1.5 MHz. For 146.76 MHz, the i-f converts to 1260
l i n e suitable f o r PC-board kHz, while 146.94 MHz converts to 1440 kHz. Another
mounting. common vhf fm frequency, 146.52, converts to 1020 kHz.

october 1976 Gkl 65

fig. 3. Foil side of detection is used to recover fm; some distortion is
the PC board. A.
experienced because of the receiver's selectivity, but no
and parts layout. B.
Note that all com-
trouble is experienced copying traffic.
ponents are mount- Yet another unit is in use converting both 15- and
ed on top of the 10-meter signals to an i-f in the range of a surplus
board; foil is the BC-348 receiver. A crystal frequency of 25 MHz was
bottom.
chosen. It was necessary to replace the tuned line, L1,
with a parallel-resonant circuit at the crystal frequency.
The converter may also be used as a general-coverage
vhfluhf receiver. Any i-f up to 35 MHz may be used
without modification of the original circuit, and other
intermediate frequencies could be adapted by modifica-
tion of the output stage.
As all crystal harmonics are present in the mixer, a
1.F frequency in the 25 to 1000 MHz range can be convert-
OUTPUT ,
ed to an i-f of less than 35 MHz. As an example, using

CCNMRTER 2 5 mH
OUTWT RF CHOKE

The i-f output can be inductively coupled to a pocket

transistor radio or directly coupled to an auto broadcast
receiver. See fig. 5 for suggested coupling methods. In
either case, fm can be recovered quite successfully by
slope detection. When using a pocket transistor set,
interference from broadcast stations can be removed by
wrapping the radio in aluminum foil. Be sure to put the
rf choke of fig. 5 inside the foil and as close as possible flg. 5. Methods for coupling the vhf converter to a pocket
to the radio's Loop-Stick antenna. transistor broadcast-band radio. A. or an automobile broadcast-
Another of the converters is used to monitor the local band set, B. Transistor radio and rf choke should be wrapped in
repeater output at 146.76 MHz on my Drake R-4A aluminum foil to eliminate BC-band interference.

receiver. Again, a crystal other than 46 MHz is used, so

that the i-f can be tuned with the receiver. In this case, a the second harmonic of 46 MHz (92 MHz), 121.5 MHz
46.5-MHz crystal yields an i-f of 7.460 MHz, which is in would be converted to 29.5 MHz. Using the third har-
range of the Drake's 40 meter band. Once again, slope monic (138 MHz), this same signal would be found at
16.5 MHz. Thus, the converter can be used to monitor
aviation, police, business, and other frequencies. Again,
15-10
PF
the tuned input circuit should be resonated to the
desired frequency. Problems experienced when the signal
frequency falls close to or on a crystal harmonic can be
circumvented by using a second crystal differing in fre-
FROM ANTENNA quency from the 46-MHz standard, so that low i-fs are
avoided.
F R E ~ ~ N C( Yw l L - LENGTH. H lmml
50 26 16601
Now there's little excuse for not monitoring the
144
2ZO
5
125
11271
(321 higher-frequency amateur bands. This project can be
420 0 101
built in a few evenings, and for less than $20.00. It's
ALL STUBS CUT FROM RG-UI W L E inexpensive, simple, and it works. See you on vhf.
fig. 4. Simple tuner for reducing fecdthrough and images. ham radio

66 october 1976
 Ham Radio Magazine

October 1976

Page numbers 67,68,69 and 70

were skipped in this issue.
There were no articles on these pages.
 Ham Radio Magazine

October 1976

Page numbers 67,68,69 and 70

were skipped in this issue.
There were no articles on these pages.
 Ham Radio Magazine

October 1976

Page numbers 67,68,69 and 70

were skipped in this issue.
There were no articles on these pages.
 Ham Radio Magazine

October 1976

Page numbers 67,68,69 and 70

were skipped in this issue.
There were no articles on these pages.
 phasing-type
single-signal detector
works are described in the appendix for unwanted side-
band suppressions of at least 30, 37, and 60 dB,
depending on the audio bandwidth and circuit complex-
ity. A simple network for CW reception offering 50 dB
Phase-shift rejection is also described).
The circuits were chosen for their ease of construc-
tion and adjustment. No special LCR precision bridges
network design are needed t o set the audio phase network capacitors. I f

and construction data

for improving receivers I-F
INPUT
AUDIO
OUTPUT

~+@)-J-U- VOLTAGE
ADDER

with marginal selectivity

, -

PHASE-SHIFT
NETWORK

0-/h
fig. 1 Phasing-type
block diagram.
detector,

Phasing-type detectors, despite their superficial complex-

ity, are the only means of avoiding audio images in a you can tune a musical instrument the only test equip-
direct-conversion receiver. Likewise if a superheterodyne ment needed is a grid-dip oscillator and a vtvm. A
receiver has inadequate selectivity or is plagued by frequency counter and oscilloscope are useful but not
broad-band i-f n o i ~ e , l .the
~ cure lies in either additional absolutely required. The system costs between $5 and
i-f filters or in a phasing detector. $25 more than a simple bfo-product detector combina-
Although the circuits described here would make a tion depending on how good a scrounger you are.
good direct-conversion receiver, they were designed for (Compare this price with the cost o f crystal filters!) The
use in a superhet with lots of i-f noise and inadequate phasing detector block diagram is shown in fig. 1.
stop-band rejection. While this system can't offer all the
advantages of a second crystal filter, it does give substan- By Don Lawson, WBSCYY, 4601 Jay Drive, Madison,
tial improvement at moderate cost. (Phase-shift net- Wisconsin 53704

october 1976 71
 The audio phase-shift networks described here are should be chosen so that the combined drain current of
also suitable for use in ssb phasing-type transmitters. For both mosfets is equal to the average of their individual
such applications wire the two inputs (C and D of fig. 3) values of ,I so that about 9 volts are between the
together and run the outputs (TP1 and TP2) to the source and drain of each transistor (whichever condition
balanced modulators. gives the larger value of R4).
R2 and R3 can have values anywhere between 470
bfo and product detector ohms and Ik and should be closely matched. C4 and C5
The bfo and product detector schematic is given in should also be matched to 5% or so (using the method
fig. 2. L2 and C2 resonate a t the bfo frequency; R1 is described later). L3, L4, C6, and C7 form a lowpass

0 1 . 0 2 - MPFll2 R I - 1 0 % TOLERANCE 0 1 11 9 0 MHz

-
0 3 ZN706. 2N2222 C 2 . L 2 - SEE T E X T 72 8 9 9 8 5 MHZ
-
0 4 . 0 5 MPF-121. 4 0 6 7 3 R 2 . R 3 - I% TOLERANCE
-
R 4 SEE T E X T
C4.CS - 1% TOLERANCE

fig. 2. Bfo-product detector schematic. Components that must be closely matched are discussed in the text.

equal to the reactance of the capacitor or inductor a t filter to prevent the bfo signal from getting into the
resonance. For an i-f of 9 MHz, representative values are op-amps. The bfo-product detector assembly should be
R l =18O,C2=100pF,and L2=3.13pH. built into a shielded enclosure to keep the bfo signal out
The bfo uses about the simplest method I know for of the i-f strip.
switching parallel-resonant crystals, and with MPF-112s
at 35 cents apiece, it's fairly inexpensive. The product audio circuits
detector's dual gate mosfets, Q4 and Q5, can be The audio phase-shift network is shown in fig. 3.
MPF-121s or 40673s. If you buy three of four mosfets There are simpler circuits in the literature but this one is
(instead of just two), you can be fairly sure of finding by far the easiest to build. C1, C2, C3, and C4 should be
two that have similar values of V,,,,, and I,,. R4 set to equal values by padding with small capacitors in

0 02
88mH 52mH

+I( 7
FROM 047
AUDIO
GAIN POT
k 6 3 Q b 4 1

::680k
3 3h

t12V
,TOZZ ?

fig. 4. Audio amplifier and filter schematic. Cutoff frequencies are respectively 3 kHz and 800 H z for the single- and double-section filters.

72 october 1976
 parallel. Several 50, 100, and 200 pF capacitors are
handy for this. I f you want to use some other value for
the capacitors, multiply R1 through R4 by your capaci- PRODUCT
DETECTOR
CIRCUITS
tor value divided by 0.022; i.e., for 0.1 pF, R1 would be
23.03k x 0.110.022 or 104.7k. The phase-shift network
is designed to work from 300 to 4000 Hz and theoreti-
cally provides at least 31 dB suppression. For this cir-
cuit, R5 through R8 form voltage dividers. In the circuit
of fig. 3 they have a ratio of resistances of 14.94 to 1.
DETECTOR
CIRCUITS

fig. 5. Setups for checking and presetting the rf phase-shift

network. Methods ( A ) and (B) are for oscilloscopes with and
without triggered sweep.

the network frequency range would be shifted slightly.

The resistors can be made up from parts on hand, using
an accurate volt-ohmmeter, or 1% wirewound resistors
may be used.
The capacitors can be matched quite well by using
14.94k 50k
the oscillator circuit of fig. 6. Be sure to use an uncom-
INPUT 2 R4

I,
R
- T O FREO METER
(SEE T E X T )

+12V-P PIN 7 01
ALL O P A M P S 741. ETC.
741 POWER SUPPLY
R I - R E : 1% TOLERANCE OR B E T T E R CONNECTIONS
R 9 - R I 3 ' 1 0 % TOLERANCE G N 0 4 PIN 4

fig. 3. Audio phase-shift network schematic. C1-C4 should be

matched by adding small capacitors in parallel.

R9, R10, R11, and U3 form the voltage adder of fig.

1. U4 gives a good ac ground for the networks. Trying t o
substitute a large bypass capacitor for U4 isn't good
enough. To eliminate U4 you'd need dual power supplies
for U1 through U3, so that dc ground i s also a suitable fig. 6. Oscillator circuit for measuring capacitance. A n uncom-
ac ground. The audio output can be applied to an pensated op-amp should be used. 9 1 . 9 2 are general-purpose
amplifier with sharp filters; a typical circuit is shown in audio transistors.
fig. 4. The single-section filter is a 3-kHz elliptical low-
pass; the two-section filter has a cutoff frequency of 800 pensated op-amp, such as a 748 or a 709. The internal
Hz for CW reception. compensation in a 741 will slow down the oscillator and
construction and alignment measurements will be unreliable. Try t o keep the fre-
quency between 1 and 10 kHz for best accuracy. If
A grid-dip oscillator is all that's necessary for building you're going for readings of four significant digits, power
and checking the bfo and product detector. If an oscillo- the oscillator from either batteries or a regulated supply
scope is available, i t might be a good idea at this point t o t o eliminate effects of line-voltage variations.
set L2 initially for the point where the signals at A and B
(fig. 2) are 90 degrees apart in phase. (Use the circuit of
I n l
fig. 5A if a scope with a triggered sweep is available; use
fig. 56 if one is not). TPi u
V H
SCOPE

All capacitors in the audio phase-shift network should PHASE-SHIFT

NETWORK TPZ
0.-

be matched as closely as possible and R1-R4 should be " Q

proportional to their calculated values. The ratios of
R5lR6; R7lR8 should also be as close as possible to
their computed ratios. For example, if all your capaci-
tors were equal t o 0.019 p F and R1-R4 were 0.9 times fig. 7. Test circuit for checking the audio frequency
their computed values, the only bad effect would be that phase-shift network.

october 1976 73
 signal generator past the bfo frequency and decide which
sideband (upper or lower) is being rejected. If it's not
the sideband you want, try wiring A t o D and B to C. (If
you want to select sidebands by a panel switch, try using
the circuit of fig. 8). Now, alternatively adjust L2 of the
bfo and R 9 of the audio phase-shift network for the best
unwanted sideband rejection.

results
fig. 8. Method for sideband selection through a panel switch. If you use the circuit in fig. 3, you should be able t o
Adjust the 5 0 k pot so that the signal amplitude at pin 6 of the easily get about 30 dB of unwanted sideband rejection
741 is the same as at point A. between 300-4000 Hz. For better rejection, use one of
the other circuits in the appendix.
The "frequency meter" should be either a digital
If
frequency counter or a tape recorder. A meter-move-
ment type instrument won't allow sufficient precision. I f
you use a tape recorder, find which capacitor gives the
lowest-pitch tone then pad the other capacitors to give
this same frequency. By taping the lowest pitch, you'll
save having t o switch constantly between capacitors for
comparison. I f you use a counter, choose one capacitor
as a reference and note its frequency. Assuming i t equals
i t s marked value exactly, the relative capacitance of the
other capacitor is: A L L CAPACITORS 0 01 p F MATCHED

Unless you're using a very good ohmmeter t o measure

the resistors, there's little point in matching the capaci-
tors t o better than 0.25%. I f possible, use high-stability
capacitors (polystyrene is best)." If you're using carbon-
composition resistors, coat them with epoxy t o reduce
fig. 10. Cascaded filters to obtain an 8-pole network. Circuit
provides at least 6 0 d B unwanted sideband rejection between
200-4000 Hz using 741 op-amps.

I hope this article provides some ideas for those who

build or modify receivers. When it comes to improving
the selectivity of a marginal receiver, this system is the
best for the money.

references
1. W.H. Sabin, WOIY H, "The Solid-State Receiver," QST, July,
1970, page 35.
fig. 9. Portion of a phase-shift network with singular frequencies,
2. W. Hayward, W7ZOI. "A Competition-Grade CW Receiver,"
fa and fb. Formulas are used with table 1 to compute compo-
QST, March, 1974, page 16; April, 1974, page 34.
nent values.
3. Shirley, "Optimum Design of Phase Shift Networks," IEEE
Transactionson Circuit Theory, May, 1969.
4. Shirley. "Shift Phase Independent of Frequency,' Electronics
variations of their values with humidity. Use fig. 7 t o Design, September 1, 1970.
check the operation of the phase-shift network. With the 5. Budak, Passive and Active Network Analysis and Synthesis,
scope setup shown you should be able t o see a circle on Houghton, M i f f l i n and Company, 1974, page 451.
the scope screen.
Referring to figs. 2 and 3, in final adjustment first bibliography
wire A t o C and B t o D. Sweep the grid-dip oscillator or
1. G. Kent Shubert, WAOJYK. "Solid-State Phasing-Type SSB
Communications Receiver," ham radio, August, 1973, page 6.
*Polystyrene capacitors can be obtained from Weinschenker, 2. D. Norgaard, W2KUJ. "Practical Single-Sideband Reception,"
Box 353, Irwin, Pennsylvania 15642. QST, July, 1948, page 11.

74 october 1976
 I KENWOOD HEADQUARTERS 1
appendix
The design of any phase-shift network is a trade between com-
plexity, bandwidth, and phase accuracy. Phase-shift networks are a
special category o f "all-pass filters," meaning that the network gain is
constant regardless of frequency. Phase-shift networks are characterized
b y a set o f "singular frequencies." The calculation o f these frequencies
is too involved t o be covered here, but an algorithm is i n the literature
that requires nothing more than a calculator with a square-root key.3*4 TS-820
160-10M TRANSCEIVER
For those who don't like lots of arithmetic, I've compiled the results of
several design computations i n table 1. Network 1 is the general-
purpose network shown i n fig. 3. while network 2 is for more narrow-
band ssb use. Network 3 is for use i n directconversion CW receivers.
These networks are all o f the four-pole variety since each has four
singular frequencies.

table 1. Phase-shift nrtwork design data.

minimum unwantd
fmq r m g . sideband r q r t i o n singular fmqumcm TS-700A
network (HZ) (dB1 fl f2 f3 14 2 M TRANSCEIVER
1 300-4000 31 148.9 625.8 1916. 8049.
2 3002500 37 136.2 525.2 1428. 5507.
3 225-950 49 88.7 298.6 672.0 2265

As noted before, the circuit used here was chosen for its simplicity
of construction as compared t o other circuit^.^ (Unless you have a
frequency counter or precision LCR bridge, it's much easier t o set
capacitors equal than it is to set them to arbitrary ratios). To compute
component values from table 1, we take either odd. or wen-numbered
singular frequencies and plug them into the formulasof fig. 9. ,
&
,..,."

As an example, let's try designing the network shown i n fig. 3. As a 80-10M TRANSCEIVER
start, we take odd frequencies o f 148.9 and 1916 Hz. Converting t o
radianslsec, we get w, = 935.6 and w , = 12,O 38. Assuming C = 0.025
P I : ( 2 . 5 ~O1- x F ) , we compute

R2 = . -- 2-
--
= 61 66 ohms
(935.6 + 12.038) x 2.5 x 1 0 - *

Likewise,

R1= - - . -. I - -
935.6 x 12,038 x (2.5 x 10-*)* x 6166
= 23,040 ohms = 23.04k

TR-7200A 2 M PORTABLE TRANSCVR

Finally, since we have a couple of l k 1% resistors on hand, we choose 2M MOBILE TRANSCVR
R4 = 1k and
PS-5
AC/DC POWER SUPPLY

We now have half of our network designed. For the other half we
follow the same procedure except that we work with f2 and f4.
Note that at dc the circuit gain is KJI(R3 + K 4 ) . Since this is an
all-pass network, all audio frequencies are attenuated b y this same
amount. Hence, this network attenuates the signal by 24 dB. Because
the 741 op amps have internal noise i t may be desirable. especially i n
direct-conversion receivers, t o put low-noise amplifiers (such as an R-599D T-599D
160-10M RECEIVER 160-10M TRANSMITTER
LM381) between the product detector and the phase-shift network.
A final note: It's possible t o cascade phase-shift network sections t o
get an %pole network. A practical &pole network is shown i n fig. 10. Request ED1 Wholesale Catalog Today!
According t o a computer simulation, this circuit provides at least 60 dB
of unwanted sideband rejection between 200-4000 Hz. This simulation All Models of Kenwood Gear and Accessories
was with 741s. It may be possible t o get an a d d ~ t ~ o n5a ldB suppression Always Available at:
b y using 556 op-amps since their input impedance is much higher than
that of a 741. Of course, the components would have t o be set very
accurately t o realize this theoretical figure and a preamplifier would be
ELECTRONIC DISTRIBUTORS, Inc.
necessary t o overcome the network signal attenuation. This circuit Communication Specialists for over 37 years
would be ideal for a high-quality, phas~ng-typessb direct-conversion
receiver.
1960 PECK ST., MUSKEGON, MICH. 49441
ham radio TEL. (616) 726-3196 TELEX 22-8411

october 1976 75
-
-
FAIRCHILD ANNOUNCES THE
-
-
FAIRCHILD

soLrD STATE TECHNOLOGY KIT

FOR THE EXPERIMENTER WlTH TASTE FOR "STATE OF THE ART" PRODUCTS
C O M P L E T E SPECIFICATIONS ARE PRINTED ON THE BACK OF EACH TECHNOLOGY KIT

M FTKWll
N TTKm20

-
SOLID STATE SOL1D STATE

TECHNOLG TECHNOLOGY
KIT '

24 WUF

TECHNOLOGYRY W TECHNOI.OC
Y..

I
1,
-

J _I
FAIRCHILD F I1 LD
-.- -A;.-*
Y)01 MIRANDA AVENUE. P A L 0 ALTO. CA 94- 4M)l MlRANnA AVENUE. P A L 0 ALTO CA 94304

CARD FRONT CARD BACK CARD FRONT

DIGITS PHOTO ARRAYS

FTK0001 0.5" High Common Cathode Digit 9-Element Tape Reader Array 16.00
FTK0002 0.5" High Common Anode Digit 12-Element Card Reader Array 24.00
FTK0003 .357" High Common Cathode Digit Reflective Opto Coupler 4.00
FTK0004 0.8" High Common Cathode Digit 2.00 COUPLERS
FTK0005 0.8" High Common Anode Digit 2.00
FTK0050 3 General Purpose Opto Couplers 1.OO
0.8" HIGH DISPLAY ARRAYS FTK0051 Darlington Opto Coupler 1.OO
12 Hour, 3% Digit Clock Display MOS CLOCK CIRCUITS
24 Hour, 4 Digit Clock Display
FTK0400 Digital ClockICalendar Circuit 7.00
LED LAMPS (FCM7001)
10 Red LED Lamps FTK0401 Digital ClockICalendar with BCD 7.00
5 Mixed Colored LED Lamps Outputs (FCM7002)
10 LED Mounting Clips FTK0402 Direct Drive Digital Clock Circuit 5.00
5 Three Piece LED Mounting Adapters with AC Output (FCM3817A)
FTK0403 Direct Drive Digital Clock Circuit 5.00
PHOTO TRANSISTORS
with DC Output (FCM3817D)
5 Flat Lens Photo Transistors FTK0405 Direct Drive Digital ClockICalendar 6.00
5 Round Lens Photo Transistors Circuit (FCM7015)
3 Flat Lens Photo Darlingtons KITS
3 Round Lens Photo Darlingtons FTK0106 Automobile Clock Kit 40.00

@FULL
TO FOLLOW
-
@THESEPRODUCTS ARE PACKAGED FOR OUT-
STANDING WALL DISPLAY APPEARANCE

FAIRCHILD PRODUCT LINE

@ DEALER'S AND WHOLESALER'S INQUIRIES
INVITED-PRICE LIST AVAILABLE.

B U Y WlTH PRIDE T H E PRODUCTS BUILT BY

-

THE INDUSTRY'S LEADER -

-
FAIRCHILD

Satisfaction Guaranteed. $5.00 Min. Order. U.S. Funds.

-
California Residents Add 6% Sales Tax
Send a 13c Stamp (postage)for a FREE 1976 Catalog. PHONE ORDERS - (415) 592-8097

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134 october 1976 77

 tebook

another
signal conditions. A carrier activates the abrade the surface t o be lettered gently
squelch circuit LM380. R6 determines the length of the with very fine (0000 or finer) sandpaper
Interest has developed in the squelch squelch tail, and R5 controls the and water, and then to dry i t thor-
circuit appearing in the September, promptness to which the circuit res- oughly before lettering. Alternatively,
1974, issue of ham radio, page 68, ponds to carrier signals. Increasing the swab the area t o be lettered with ace-
which was published before the inex- value of C1 increases the noise-amplifier tone (most nail polish removers will do).
pensive and popular LM380 audio amp- gain, but the smaller the value of C1, Other solvents probably would work as
lifier IC became readily available. Fig. 1 the less susceptible the circuit will be in well, but I have not experimented with

NOISE
NOISE AMPLIFIER AUDIO AMPLIFIER

DETECTOR
AUDIO IN

DETECTOR
AUDIO INPUT

fig. 1. Squelch circuit using the M-380 audio amplifier I C .

shows a squelch circuit with excellent responding to heavy voice peaks, thus them. Either of these methods should
performance and greater simplicity.* the more positive its operation. Cost of always be used before trying to letter a
Transistor Q1 amplifies random noise the parts at the time of this writing: 01 raw aluminum surface that has been
which is greater in frequency than the $0.45, Q2 $0.77, U1 $1.65. Not bad! handled, or etched in a sodium hydrox-
normal spectrum occupied by voice Robert Harris, WB4WSU ide bath (this process leaves a waxy film
communications during no-signal condi- on the aluminum, and the letters will
tions. Diodes CR1 and CR2 rectify the not adhere to it).
noise, which is filtered by R6, C5. Q2 transfer letters Michael Tortorella, WA2TGL
conducts and clamps U1 off during no- In the past I have had great difficulty
with dry transfer letters failing to ad-
*A complete kit, including circuit board, of here to various surfaces, especially un-
voltage safety valve
the audio amplifier section only (less volume The safety circuit in fig. 2 was
finished aluminum. There are two tech-
control and speaker) is available for $4.25
from Tekpro Design Systems, Box 6324, niques which I have found helpful in developed after several accidents where
Virginia Beach, Virginia 23456. overcoming this problem. The first is t o a power transistor shorted in a low-

78 october 1976
voltage power supply causing the trans- each side of the pot t o give finer control
former output voltage t o be supplied t o (see circuit in fig. 3).
a solid-state transceiver. This voltage After doing this I can still insert
could be up t o three times the rectified enough carrier t o get full power output
voltage and could cause considerable from the Swan 250. Before the modifi-
EXTERNAL
damage t o the transceiver. cation I had about 150 mW of output COIL

A high wattage zener diode could be power w i t h the carrier completely

used across the output of the power nulled; now, with the carrier completely
supplied, but i t takes a very large zener nulled, output is only 1.5 mW. All
t o blow a fuse. Furthermore, the zener measurements were made with a Bird fig. 4. The rf pickup coil i s rectified by the
could burn open if used t o carry cur- Thruline wattmeter. diode and indicated by the meter.

rents above its rating. Charles A. Beener, WB8LGA

What was needed was a circuit that
may be plugged in at the far end of an
would respond when a set limiting volt- extension cable. I use 4 feet (1.2m) of
age was reached and cut off the current
ordinary shielded audio cable and find
flow. The circuit in fig. 2 is simple and
that 8 turns around a 1/4 inch (6.5mm)
cheap, and uses a relay with contacts
polystyrene coil form works well up t o
large enough to handle the required cur-
the frequency limit of the generator (40
rent ( 6 or 8 amperes should be ample). MHz). An RCA phono plug is mounted
The relay coil should be about 200 on the coil form.
ohms, the potentiometer 100 ohms or When you are ready to test the ab-
more, the zener diode is a 6 or 8 volt, sorption device, couple its search coil t o
10 watt unit. a grid-dip meter. At resonance, the
This circuit can be adjusted t o trip at meter will read about full-scale with the
14 t o 24 volts. When the limiting volt- coils 1/2 inch (13mm) apart. Turn o f f the
signal generator when making absorp-
tion measurements.
fig. 3. New carrier-balance circuit for the
Swan 2 5 0 increases carrier suppression to 5 0
I. Queen, W20UX
12-14 VDC
(200-OHM dB or more. The 2000-ohm pot is a miniature,
precision 10-turn unit (Bournes 3707).
soldering tip cleaner
A clean soldering-iron tip helps make
using your signal reliable solder connections. Fig. 5 shows
an inexpensive tip cleaner made from a
generator for half-pint (YI liter) milk container and
fig. 2. Over-voltage protection circuit.
Potentiometer can be set so relay picks absorption some sponges cut t o f i t the container.
up at any preset voltage between 14 and
24 volts.
measurements
An absorption meter measures the SPONGE

frequency of an rf circuit t o which i t is

age is reached the relay opens up, break- coupled. Like a conventional signal gen-
ing the circuit t o the transceiver. The erator, i t uses an rf tank circuit t o tune
residual charge in the circuit will hold over the desired band. Therefore, i t is
the relay open until the voltage drops or logical t o combine both functions in a
the power is disconnected. single instrument. I modified my RCA
Harold C. Dressel, W2UVF model WR-50A signal generator t o also
operate as an absorption meter. Per-
formance of the generator is not af-
fected in any way.
Swan 250 The following are added: two RCA-

I
MILK CARTON
type phono jacks on the front panel, an
carrier suppression rf detecting diode, and a pickup (search)
Most Swan 250 transceivers have coil (see fig. 4). J1 is for the coil, J2 for SOLDERING IRON TIP CLEANER
only about 30 t o 35 dB carrier rejec- a 50 p A meter. There is only a slight
fig. 5. Soldering iron tip cleaner.
tion. I have done some work on my unit error in the dial calibration for absorp-
and now have obtained more than 50 tion measurements (due t o the pickup
dB carrier rejection. All I did was put coil shunting the cathode portion of the Best results are obtained when the
1% resistors in the plate and screen cir- generator tank). sponges are kept moist. To clean your
cuits, remove the original 5k carrier The search coil does not have t o be soldering iron, just insert the tip be-
balance pot, and install a ten-turn plugged in at the panel where i t would tween the sponges.
2000-ohm pot with 1.5k resistors on be awkard t o couple t o anything, but Gary Tater, W3HUC

october 1976 79
 Advance Registration $12.50 per person; with
Hotel Sahara Late Show and two drinks $23.00
per person or with Hotel Sahara Congo Dinner
Show (entree Cornish Hen), no drinks $30.00
per person. Tax and Gratuity included.

Totie Fields and Bert Convy are scheduled enter-

tainers in Hotel Sahara's Congo Room.

Advance Registration must be received by

1- on or before January 1, 1977.

The NATION'S TWELFTH ANNUAL LAS VEGAS PRESTIGE CONVENTION

HOTEL SAHARA'S CONVENTION SPACE CENTER

January 6-9, 1977

Registration includes: registration
tickets, admission to technical sessions, Friday
cocktail party hosted by T. P. L. Communications
and TRI-EX Tower Corp. with 1-1 ; Sat.
urday cocktail party hosted by Ham Radio Maga.
zine with1 - ; Hotel Sahara Buffet Brunch
on Sunday, Tax and Gratuity.

Hotel Sahara room rate for 1 - registered

delegates $17.00 per night plus room tax, single
or double occupancy.

Hotel Sahara room reservation request card will

be sent to - 1 registered delegate.

Send your check or money order to 1 - , P. 0. Box 945, Boulder City, NV 89005

80 october 1976 More Details?CHECK-OFF Page 134

We have the perfect mobile/portable -

HI? SSB Transceiver for you.

The Atlas 210x/215x

The Atlas 210x or 215x measures only
9112" wide x 91h' deep x only 31/2' high, yet
the above photograph shows how easily the
,
I 0 .-t
+ , -

-- . -
- +
,
-
01 m l a l ~ n e l oor rnnrl#lul#na
I I I V "l8lllli (11 a !.,,,,I
0 1 "1lllnl.1111, In ~l.\,,ol!d to a

l<,.",,*~
,I,,

,,,l,,""l
"',
,,,I
'
EXCEPTIONAL MMUNlTY TO STRONG
SIGNAL OVERLOAD AND CROSS MOD-
ULATION. The exc:lusive front end desixn
-
%",,'.I86
Atlas transceiver fits into a compact car. ~",~,l.!Cllt~ in the receiver allows you to operate closer
And there's plenty of room to spare for '.(I. + ~ - Wrhslr, . in frequency to strong neighboring signals
VHF gear and other accessory equipment. than you have ever experienced before. If
With the exclusive Atlas plug-in design. you have not yet operated an Atlas trans-
you can slip your Atlas in and out of your ceiver in a crowded band and compared it
car in a matter of seconds. All connections *.-. . with any other receiver or transceiver, you
a r e made automatically. have a real thrill coming.
8 '
BUT DON'T LET THE SMALL SIZE FOOL 50
I ATLAS AMATEUR RADIO EQUIPMENT:
YOU!
Even though the Atlas 210x and 215x trans- s o . .I.~o'os)~.6 Model 210x or 215x Transceiver. . . $679 ..
ceivers are less than half the size and With noise blanker installed $719
weight of other HF transceivers, The Atlas
is truly a giant in performance. ACCESSORIES
!
. . .
'Graph D b t l l n M lrem Iypocal
produrllon 8 Pole LADDER
AC Console 110/220V . . ...
. . . . . . . $147 .
200 WATTS POWER RATING! FILTER ~ n r l a l l r dand ope, With VOX $194
This power level in a seven pound trans- , aim. on an Allar t r m s < c w o - Portable AC Supply 110/220V. . . . . .$I00 .
ceiver is incredible but true. Atlas trans- N e l r o r h Scocnrt-I Inr
Plug-in Mobile Kit . ... ..
. . . .. . . . . . . $48
ceivers give you all the talk power ou need Auxiliary VFO Model 206
to work the world barefoot. Signarreports Includes Digital Dial . . . . . . . .$299 ..
constantly reflect great surprise at the sig- Model DD6-R Digital Dial only. . . . . $229 ..
nal strength in relation to the power rating. lox Osc. less crystals . . ..
. . . . . . . .$59..
Matching Transformer MT-1 . . . . $27.. ..
FULL 5 BAND COVERAGE
The 210x covers 1080 meters, while the
Model VX-5M Self-contained VOX .555...
215x covers 15-160 meters. Adding the NEW FROM ATLAS
Atlas Model lox Crystal Oscillator provides DL 200 Dummy Load
greatly increased frequency coverage for 200 watt intermittent or 60 watt
MARS and network operation. - 1 . . I ! . - A continuous power rating. Housed
NO TRANS!WTTER TUNING OR
11,,11 ., .II
, H.
I ii D M - %.,*"
t .. . . ...
m a compact one p ~ ncan . . . . . $9
(Thest! new prlcnli nffactlve Oct. 1. 1978)
LOADING CONTROLS PHENOMENAL SELECTIVITY
with Atlas' total broadbanding. With your The exclusive 8 pole crystal ladder filter For complete details see your Atlos dealer,
Atlas you get instant QSY and band change. used in Atlas transceivers represents a or drop us a card and we'll moil you a bro-
MOST ADVANCED STATE OF THE ART major breakthrough in filter design, with chure with dealer list.
SOLID STATE DESIGN unprecedented skirt selectivity and ul-
not only accounts for its light weight, but timate rejection. As the above graph shows.

- - =AS
assures you years of top performance and this filter provides a 6 db bandwidth of
trouble free operating pleasure. 2700 Hertz. 60 db down of only 4300 Hertz. & ! I ! ?
and a bandwidth of only 9200 Hertz at 120 V_A-.W R A D I O INC.
PLUG-IN CIRCUIT BOARDS dh down! Ultimate rejection is in excess of
and modular design provides for ease of 130 db: greater than the measuring limits 417 Via Del Monte Oceanside. CA 92054
servicing. of most test equipment. Phone (714)433-1983

More Details? CHECK-OF F Page 134 october 1976 81

 capacitors.
high-current These air-variable capacitors may be
regulated power ordered directly from Dentron Radio
Company, 2100 Enterprise Parkway,
Twinsburg, Ohio 44087. For . -. more
...- . -
VHF Engineering, Binghamton, New information use check-off on page 134.
York, has announced two new regulated
12-volt dc power supplies for -use in
amateur and commercial applications. bipo1arlrnos
The two power supplies have current
ratings of 15 amps at 10 to 12 volts dc,
and 25 amps at 10 to 12 volts dc,
respectively. Voltage regulation is 2%
from no load to maximum rated cur-
rent.
These new power supplies feature
over-voltage protection and fold-back
current limiting. Over-voltage protection
is provided by a crowbar circuit which
will shut down the supply if i t s output
products voltage exceeds 14 volts, thereby pro-
tecting the equipment being powered.
The foldback current-limiting circuit
limits the output current to a maximum
of 1 amp if the output is shorted. This
sub-audi ble tone protects the power supply from damage
encoder and prevents high current from flowing
into a piece of equipment that may have A new bipolarlmos op amp, the
developed an internal short. When the CA3140, featuring a pmos input stage
short is removed, the power supply out- and a bipolar output stage with a wide
put returns to normal. output voltage range, has been intro-
These regulated power supplies have duced by RCA Solid State Division. Its
been designed to commercial standards versatility permits i t to fill virtually all
and use tinned, glass-filled epoxy circuit 741 sockets and, at the same time, most
boards and high quality components. of the premium op amp sockets cur-
Additional i n f o r m a t i o n may be rently served. The pmos input stage is
obtained from VHF Engineering, 320 similar to the one used in the RCA
Communications Specialists an- Water Street, P.O. Box 1921, Bing- CA3130 op amp but with internal com-
nounce their new ME-8, a sub-audible hamton, New York 13902 or use pensation and the ability to operate
tone encoder for repeater access. check-off on page 134. from a supply voltage between 4 and 44
M e a s u r i n g o n l y 2 x 3 ~ 9 inches volts, dual or single supply. A s~ecial
(5x7.5x22.5cm) and operating on any feature is the addition of bipolar diodes
voltage between 6 and 16 volts dc, the capacitors which protect the input to. such an
~-~

unit is capable of generating any eight Among the components which are extent that preliminary tests, under
of the 32 EIA tone codes between 67.0 most difficult to find these days are air- simulated electrostatic conditions up to
and 203.5 Hz. variable capacitors, especially those 1000 volts, show the CA3140 to be
Frequency selection is made by sup- rated for transmitting powers. Now, more rugged than any other device yet
plying ground or positive voltage to the
desired control lead, and plugging in the capacitance voltage
desired K-1 element. The unit is com- model type minimum maximum rating price
D-88-120 single 53 PF 208 p F 6000 523.50
pletely immune to rf and has a start-up
0-140-75 single 23 PF 140 P F 4500 16.50
time of only 10 milliseconds. Frequency 0-232-45 single 23 PF 232 PF 3000 16.50
accuracy and stability are excellent and D-500-45 single 48 PF 500 p F 3000 19.50
the output i s a low-distortion sinewave 1313-150 dual 33 PF 205 p F 3000 20.00
at 3 volts rms. (per section)

The ME-8 i s priced at $79.95 and

includes eight K - I elements. Extra ele- however, the Dentron Radio Company tested, including bipolar and fet input
ments are available for $3.00 each. For is offering a line of air variables which op amps.
additional information write Communi- are suitable for most amateur applica- Typical performance features for the
cations Specialists, Post Office Box 153, tions in transmitters and antenna tuning CA3140 include: an input impedance of
La Brea, California 92621 or use check- units. Listed in the table above are the 1500 rnegohms; input current of 10 pA
off on page 134. electrical specifications for these at + 15 volts, low input-offset voltage of

82 october 1976 More Details?CHECK-OFF Page 134

 5 mV, wide common-mode input
voltage range, -0.5V below negative
bus; output swing to within 0.2 volt of
negative supply; high and low operating
supply voltage of 4 to 44 volts, high
slew rate of 9VIps; high gain bandwidth
product of 4.5 MHz; and fast settling
time of 1.4 ps, to 10 mV with a 10
volt,-, signal. The new device is avail-
able in the basic TO-5 package or the
dual-in-line package.
The breadth of applications permits
the device to replace numerous op amp
categories such as general purpose, fet-
input, and wideband or high slew-rate
types. The wide bandwidth feature
reduces costs by permitting wideband
video and audio circuits at lower cost
than with current op amps, as well as
lower-cost wideband TTL interfaces.
The strobable output stage allows the
output to be driven low, independent of
the input signal. The fact that the out-
put swings to within 0.2 volt of the
negative supply permits power transis-
tors to be driven directly, thus elimina-
ting level shifting circuitry.
For additional information, including
copies of the 20-page data sheet, File
no. 957, and a descriptive applications
brochure, Publication no. 2M1144,
offering a free sample, write to RCA
Solid State Division, Box 3200, Somer-
ville, New Jersey 08876 or use checkoff
on page 134.

digital pulse generator

Continental Specialties Corporation

has introduced the Design Mate-4, a
versatile, laboratory-quality generator
which lists for $124.95. The DM-4 may
be used as a clock source, delayed pulse
generator, synchronous clock source,
manual system stepper, pulse stretcher,
or clock burst generator.
The DM-4 is designed to fill the bill
wherever a source of clean, crisp, fast
output pulses compatible with virtually

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134 october 1976 83

 all logic families and descrete circuits is
required. It is capable o f generating
symmetrical and asymmetrical pulses
f r o m 0.5 Hz - 5 M H z and has a positive
o u t p u t o f 1 0 0 m V t o 1 0 V, w i t h a rise
and fall t i m e o f less than 3 0 nano-
seconds. Additionally, the D M - 4 offers
an independently controlled pulse w i d t h
and spacing f r o m 1 0 0 ns t o 1 second i n
seven overlapping ranges, as well as in-
dependent variable-amplitude CMOS,
and fixed-amplitude TTL outputs. The
u n i t operates either continuously o r i n
manual one-shot fashion. It also features
TWO METER MOBILEERS external triggering f r o m d c t o 10 M H z
RCA SUPERCARFONES and synchronous o u t p u t gating.
These rigs are ideal for two meter ham o r commercial uses. N o conversion F o r m o r e i n f o r m a t i o n contact
needed for the ham band. Continental Specialties Corporation, 4 4
Frequency range: 148 t o 174 m c Output power: 3 0 watts Kendall Street, Box 1942, New Haven,
Receiver sensitivity: .35 microvolt for 12 dB SlNAD Standby drain: 200 mA. Connecticut 0 6 5 0 9 o r use check-off o n
Fully transistorized receiver and exciter.
Plug in any tone coded squelch accessory designed for 12 volts. page 134.
While they last - ONLY $175.00 each. with accessories.
2 t o 5 units $160.00 each 6 o r more $150.00 each
ACT NOW, AT THESE PRICES WE WON'T HAVE THESE RIGS VERY LONG. electronic keyer
PORTABLE USERS: We still have a few RCA TACTECS available for two meter
use. Prices start a t $375.00 each. Call any evening for details.
I Send check or monev order to: I

TERMS: A l l items sub~ect to prlor sale sold as IS. I f not as represented return for exchange or refund (our
option) within 5 days of receipt, freight brepatd. All items are shipped freight collect, Illinois resldentr add 5%
sales tax. Accessor~esdo not include antennas, relays, crystals or reeds.

T h e CW S e n d i n ' Machine was

designed b y an amateur and allows y o u
t o write i n your log while it sends your
routine information. N o t o n l y a fine
keyer w i t h iambic operation and d o t
and dash memories, it is also equipped
w i t h t w o random-access memories that
can store short CW messages and send
them a t the push o f a button.
The model 2048 is equipped w i t h a
cord and plug t o be connected t o your
favorite paddle, The keyer contains n o
relays and can operate i n t o open-key
voltages o f u p t o 1 5 0 volts and closed-
key currents t o 1 0 m A . Sidetone level

Handymen! Hobbyists! (@Ti ;,

can be controlled b y a volume control;
pitch can be varied b y a p o t o n the PC
board.
DO-IT-YOURSELFERS! T h e CW Sendin' Machine model
2 0 4 8 comes w i t h t w o 1024-bit memo-
Let Kester Solder aid you in your home repairs or hobbies. For that household
item that needs repairing - a radio. TV, model train, jewelry, appliances, minor ries, and an automatic reset feature is
electrical repairs, plumbing, etc. - Save money - repair it yourself. Soldering available as a modification which can be
with Kester is a simple, inexpensive way to permanently join two metals. added t o y o u r board. The PC board is
When you Solder go "First Class" - use Kester Solder. o n a connector for easy service. The
For valuable soldering information write Kester for your Free copy of "Soldering board operates o n 5 volts at 4 0 0 mA.
Simplified". F o r more information write H.A.
Harp, WA4SVH, 7 1 8 Magnolia Dr.,
Lake Park, Florida 3 3 4 0 3 o r use check-
KESTER SOLDER off o n page 134.
Litton 4201 WRIGHTWOOD AVENUEICHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60639

84 october 1976 More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134

short circuits
frequency synthesizers

GETTO
Several errors crept into DJ2LR's ex-
cellent article on frequency synthesizers
in the July, 1976, issue of ham radio. In
,
fig. 13 (page 16). the wiper of the 4.7k
potentiometer between the emitters of
the two 2N3570 transistors should be
grounded. In fig. 17 the input labeled
THE TOP
"10 kHz from divider" should show a
pulse width of 200-500 nanoseconds
(not microseconds). In fig. 20 the
FAST!
CD4000 gate should be a 74C00, and
in fig. 23 the gate with three inputs
which is not identified is a 74LS30. NOW YOU CAN CHANGE,
Finally, the caption to fig. 24 on page ADJUST OR JUST PLAIN WORK
23 is incorrect - this circuit adds 41 ON YOUR ANTENNA AND
MHz to the synthesizer readiqg. NEVER LEAVE THE GROUND!

DT-600 RTTY demodulator Rohn manufactures towers that

In the schematic of the DT-600 are designed and engineered
RTTY demodulator in the February, to do specific jobs and that is
1976, issue of ham radio one end of the why we have the FOLD-OVER
10k balance pot (at the input to U1, TOWER . . . designed for the
wiper connected to R9) should go to amateur. When you need to
- 12 Vdc. This pot should be labeled R8. "get at" your antenna just turn
I n :ig. 5 the horizontal axis was the handle and there it is. Rohn
measured in Hz but mistakenly labeled "fold-over" towers offer unbeat-
in baud; none of the standard RTTY able safety. These towers let
speeds (60, 75, and 100 wpm) are atten- you work completely on the
uated. Potentiometers to fit the circuit ground for antenna and rotator
board are available from Data Technol- installation and servicing. This
ogy Associates, Inc., Box 431912, eliminates the hazard of climb-
Miami, Florida 33143. A set of four ing the tower and trying to
pots is priced at $2.00. work at heights that could
mean serious injury in a fall.
DT-500 RTTY demodulator So use the tower that reduces
the risks of physical danger
Due to an editorial oversight, the
to an absolute minimum.. .the
names of co-authors Garey K. Barrell, Rohn "fold-over"!
K 4 0 A H , and Archie C. Lamb,
WB4KUR, were inadvertently deleted Like other Rohn big communi-
from the cover page of the DT-500 arti- cation towers, they're hot dip
cle in the March, 1976, issue. In addi- galvanized after fabrication to
tion, in fig. 2 (page 26). the negative provide a maintenance free,
return from the +I70 volt loop supply long lived and attractive instal-
should be connected to ground through lation. Rohn towers are known
a 2500 ohm, 20 watt resistor. Printed- and used throughout the world
circuit boards for the DT-500 are priced . . . for almost a quarter cen-
at $10.50 from Data Technology tury.. . in most every type of
Associates, Inc., Box 431912, Miami, operation. You'll be i n good
Florida 33143. A set of four PC potenti- company. Why not check with
ometers is available from the same your distributor today?
source for $2.00.

S-line frequency synthesizer

In the S-line frequency synthesizer
article published in the December,
1975, issue, in fig. 3 (page 12) R2
should be connected to pins 4 and 5 of
UIB, not pin 6. The parts layout in fig.
10 is correct.

More Details?CHECK-OFF Page 134 october 1976 85

 SWAN METERS HELP YOU
GET IT ALLTOGETHER
These wattmeters tell you what's going on.
With one of these in-linewattmeters power readings?For whatever purpose
you'll know if you're getting it all we've got the wattmeter for you. Use
together all the time. Need high ac- your Swan credit card.Applications
curacy?High power handling?Peak at your dealer or write to us.

DON & BOB'S

SUPER BUYSOCTOBER RECEIVER DEALS
R-4C, R599D, SSR-1, SPR4 ... Call or W r i t e
HY GAIN THCDXX .............................................................................................$192.00
TH3MK3 3 ELEMENT BEAM, 20, 15, 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$160.00
Special Introductory Offer, $4995*
(Reg. 559.95) Offer extended through Oec. 31, 1976
MOSLEY CLASSIC $179.00
GREAT BUYS ON FEATURES:
BN86 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............. ........................................ $15.95 CONNECTS I N LINE BETWEEN MIC. AND
MIC. JACK, REQUIRING NO MODIFICATION
CDE HAM-II ROTOR
KLM (KENPRO) R
18HT HY TOWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.............
. . . . . . . $218.00
$129.00
$100.00 .TO TRANSCEIVER.
SOLID STATE RELIABILITY.
AUTOMATIC TIMER CAN BE SET FROM 1
MIN. TO 10 MIN.
ROHN 2 5 6 TOWER 8 ACCESSORIES Call or Write
ADJUSTABLE CODE SPEED FROM 5 TO
BELDEN 8214 R G I / U FOAM COAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23$/FT. 40 WPM.
BELDEN 8237 RG-B/U . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19$IFT. ADJUSTABLE CODE TONE AND AUDIO LEVEL.
BELDEN 8 WIRE ROTOR CABLE #8448 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14$/FT. EASILY PROGRAMMED WITH ANY U.S.
CALL SIGN.
AMPHENOL PL-259 .......................................................................... 5%
CALL FOR QUOTES - TS-520, TS-820, TS-700A, 210X.
SPECIALLY DESIGNED CIRCUITRY ASSURES
CORRECT AND FULL ID. EVERY TIME.
OPERATES I N AUTOMATIC OR MANUAL
TEMPO 2020 & MULTI 2700 MODES.
BOOKS IDEAL FOR BASE, MOBILE, OR REPEATER
SWAN SWR-1 OPERATION.
ELECTRA BEARCAT 101 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $319.00 KIT INCLUDES:
RAYTHEON 811A, SEALED BOXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $15 per pair QUALITY 5 X 7 PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD
PENETRATOR 200 W BASE AMPLIFIER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $275.00 COMPONENTS AND 20 PAGE INSTRUCTIO~
1 . .- .ASSEMELY
AND -.- -- MANUAL.
ALL PRICES FOB HOUSTON. CALL TODAY FOR ITEMS NOT LISTED
1 FULL 9 0 DAY WARRANTY.

MADISON ELECTRONICS SUPPLY, INC. A V A I L A ~ ~NOW!

~
*Calif. m add 6Oh tax
Sc" c k c k a MO to:
SECUR~TRON
1508 McKlNNEY AVENUE, HOUSTON, TEXAS 77002 I Include $2 shw./handling p. 0. 24899
71316584268 Nites 7131497-5683 I Phon (408) 263-3107 San Jose. Ca 95154

86 october 1976 More Details?CHECK-OFF Page 134

There is no
substitute.
Amateur Radio Syskms.
Hy-Gain Electronics Corporation
8601 Northeast Highway Six; Lincoln, NE 68505 0 1976 ~ y - ~ a i n
 er mu!
ty alike, :
action
146-A,
of able fc
id ruggec

P.O. Box 9:

I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I

lncrsdib~e
I I
I I
1 I
1 I
I I
I I
I I
I
I

i
J
eounteme
I

-
I
I
I
I I
I I
I
I HIGH QUALITY HEAVY DUTY GEAR- j
j MOTORS - made by BODINE as j
: - I
~m ,rice! used by Xerox
anteed perfect.
surplus but guar-

-
I
I
I
I

8pie
I Gear Input 1650 RPM Output 28 1
A 50IOmHz (8Digit) FREQUENCY 7501)rnHz
j RPM -
Shaft 5/gn steel wlth '/8"
cotJHTERfor under 40 cents per mnz! F YCY COL Key and Keyway capaclty 44 - j
Figure ~tout. It adds up to unheard-of j Inch/lbs. 1
1
I
sawngs! With guaranteed quality to 115 V 60 Cycle 1/15 HP Complete j
matt% and exceed overpriced brands.
Let rISprove it to you no^
I with Capac~tor. I
I

j Price $16. F.O.B. Dallas. Shipping

3699*
$199.95 assembled
Perfect for: CBers, I enrice Tc
--- 3
Experimenters!
I
I
Welght 20#. Send Cash with order
- sh~ppedUPS or advlse.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
HAM. f iRClAL BANDS WIRED 6 TESTED AVP HZ READOUT 6 DIGITS
'CRYS SE'1Hz OPTIONAL MASTER CHG I e D OK ADD $2 SHIPPING
-- -
shcraft Company
Huko Incrediblecountersslarltngat $45 %are atso ava~latile
All counters can be facIwy wwed and tested Wnte or c
Box 357, Dept. 61, Rovo, UT 84601 (8011
1 5626 DYER ST., DALLAS, 75206
"

L----------------------------------I
O...,.. I

III

1
I
I

88 october 1976 More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134

 DATA-TONE KEYBOARDS
Five Styles Gold Plated Contacts DATA TONE
*. Slimness -0.050" Stainless Steel Domes TO DIAL PULSE
Positive Tactile Feedback Conforms t o c u ~ e d - s u r f a c e s CONVERTER
Positive Audio Feedback Best keyboard for Hand Helds
Convert standard 0.9 Data
Keyboards are designed. Tone dt tts to Bell System
fabricated and guaranteed compatgfle dtal pulse code. Completely soltd state Includes state.
by Data Signal of-the.art Phased Locked LOOD antt-falsina Data Tone decoder.
large capacity 64-digit memory'and solid state pulsing. Starts dial.
ing on ftrst incoming digtt. Memory wtll not become congested due
Sizes: t o rapid succession of incoming digits. Cancel and redial function.

Bfg&jM -
.

Style A
%
@
C
-
Style B
a

Style C
.
Style D
,
- 1%" x 3"
2%"
- 2" x 1%"
- 2%" 2%"
2"

X
and # digits are decoded and provtded for remote control
purposes. Available as p.c. board or rack mounting.
DPC-121
DPC-121R
P.C. Board
Rack Mount
$195.00
$285.00

Any Style Keyboard . . . . . ..

. . . . . ......................... ..
. ANTI-FALSING
DATA TONE
DECODER
DATA-TONE ENCODERS Now, a true anti-falsing de-
RF Proof Choice of Five Keyboards coder/receiver. Virtually im.
Cmos IC Encoder Single Tone Capability mune to high noise or audio
faking. Twelve or 16 d i i t
Sub-Miniature HC-43 Crystal Lowest Cost capability. Completely s o f d
Easy Installation state, uses latest Phased Locked Loop decoding. Single 5-volt
power supply. Heavy duty transistor output. Available as p.c.
SELF-CONTAINED board or 1 9 , rack.
Complete 12 or 16 digit encoders for mountin directly t o hand TTD-12612 12 digit P.C. $149.95 Rack $219.95
held portables. All electronics included WITHIN feyboard, includes TTD-12616 16 digit P.C. $ 169.95 Rack $239.95
LED and adjustable output control. Only % " thick. Select style
when ordering.
-
DTM ................................................................................................... ................... $49.50 REPEATER
AUTO PATCH
I SUB-MINIATURE MODULE AND KEYBOARD I It's complete - a single
dieit access/disconnect Auto
The smallest encoder, allows for mounting encoder INSIDE hand- ~ g t c hfacilky. All you need
held portable, whtle ,050 thtck keyboard mounts on portable. As- is a re eater and the phone
sembled for quick tnstallatton. Select style keyboard when ordering. line. C!omplete with auto-
matic disconnect, dial-tn capability. two way audio monitor lus
SME ...............................................................................................................................
$29.50 remote control. When used with a rotary dial exchange. t a t a
Signal's DPC-121 dial converter is also required. P.C. board or
Rack Mount available.
DO-IT-YOURSELF KITS RAP-2 PC $99.50 Rack $149.50
Ala.cart encoders are here, now buy the parts and build your
own DATA-TONE Encoder. Parts come with complete set of in-
structions and schematics.
Keyboard, Your choice of styles ................................................................ $8.50
Di ital IC Encoder with I-MHz, H C 4 3 Crystal ....................... $13.50 Complete C-MOS key-
P.&. Board with all resistors, capacitors. etc. ............................ $2.50. er i n kit form. or
('FREE with purchase of keyboard. encoder and crystal.)

AUTOMATIC DATA TONE acter weight varia. l

Automatic mobile telephone
dialing is now available. By
the push of a single button
you can automatically dial
up t o six separate 7-digit power. eliminates all those annoying relay problems and IS
numbers. All solid-state compatible with both grid block and soltd-state circuitry. With
micro.power COS-MOS de- its side-tone monitor and 90 day warranty the Data Stgnal PC
sign. Automatic PTT operation . Low proftle dash mount, easy in- Keyer is the one for you.
stallation. Available with keybolard for manual dtaling of numbers. C-MOS Keyer Wired $24.95; Kit $19.95
Manual o ~ e r a t i o n Drovides automatic PTT operatton with 1 %
second transmitter 'hold.
AM D-6 DELUXE RECEIVER PREAMP
Factory programming of numbers $7.50. Specially made for both OLD and NEW receivers. The smallest
and most powerful single and dual stage preamps available.
-
Brine in the weakest signal with a Data P r e a m ~ .
I DATA TONE PADS I ;or,
r nL". ---",.-. ..- .......
net ttYc drwAMm IFIFn
n....
I

I I
Standard size 12 and 15 digit Data Tone Pads. Automatic PTT (MHz) USE STAGES GAIN dB NF dB KIT WIRED
operation with 1 % second transmitter hold. Self powered via SINGLE 20 2.5 $ 9.50 $12.50
internal 9V battery. Audio and PTT outputs, low volume audio 144 to 148 2 METER DOUBLE 40 2.5 $18.50 $ 2 5 5 0
monitor for acoustically coupling of tones to microphone. Zero 1 thru 30 HF BROADBAND 19-36 3 - $17.95
quiescent current. R. F. proof.

I
TTP-1. 2 Others Available.

Today New C
C A n
DA'
I03 COMMERCE
HLBANY, GEORGIA 3 1707, 912-883-4703

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134 october 1976 89

CALL TOLL FREE 800-521-4414
SAVE $80,000.00 IN CRYSTALS
LISTEN T O 16,000 D I F F E R E N T FREQUENCIES W l T H NO CRYSTALS

BEClffCCrr lu TC_K-~#C (SBEI

16 c h a n n e l s MCP 1 WHAMO-10 OPTISCAN
30-50MHz 16 c h a n n e l s 10 c h a n n e l s 10 c h a n n e l s
146-174 MHz 31.1 8-51.655 30-50MHz 30-50MHz
41 6-512 MHz 151 18-171 655 1 46-174 150-170 or 140-160
CE's P r ~ c e- $296.95 451 .IS-471.655 440-512 450-470
CE's P r ~ c e- $399 95 C E s P r ~ c e- $278 95 490-510
C E ' s P r ~ c e- $339 95

Toll free U S A 2 4 hour order & lnformatlon Irne 800-52 1-441 4 Outcrde U S A & Mrchlgan
24 hour phone 31 3-994-4441 Certrfred check or charge card on mull orderr for rmmed~are
shrpment Dealer inqurrres lnvrted Mrchlgan resrdents add tax Foreign orders rnvlted Call
toll free or wrrte for your / w e complete catalog R ~ p e c ~ f l c a t l oSatl~fatfron
n~ guararlteed or
your money back For englneerlng advlce, call after 6 00 P M E S T

cTMCOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING
P.O. BOX 1002
ANN ARBOR M I 48106
CALL TOLL FREE
800-521-4414
313-994-4441
or

"q \-

:C
s<
f: n- *,

?+
/
.z /
MODEL C T R 4
FEATURES - SPECIFICATIONS
-
BASIC WITH PRESCALER the indispensable BIRD 43
8 Digit Display Frequency 50 MHz 500 MHz THRULINEm* WAnMETER
Large 3" LED Readouts Input Z 1 Meg/20pf 50 ohm
30 mv @ 50 MHz 15Dmv 8 500 MHz R e a d R F W a t t s Directly.
Automatic Dp Placement Sens~t~v~ty
10 mv @ 25 MHz 0 4 5 2 3 0 0 MHz. 1 10.000 w a t t s -1- 5%. Low
Resolution l o 1 Hz
Range 10 Hz to 50 MHz 10 MHz to 500 MHz l n s e r t ~ o nVSWR - 1 0 5
Hlgh Input S e n s ~ t ~ v ~ t y
Automat~cInput L ~ m ~ l ~ n g Max Input Voltage 12Ov RMS to 10 MHz 2 5V U n e q u a l l e d e c o n o m y a n d f l e x ~ b ~ l l t yB u y
Input D ~ d eProtected TIN Base 10 MHz XTAL o n l y t h e element(s) c o v e r l n g y o u r p r e s e n t
-t 2 ppm 15' t o 55.C f r e q u e n c y a n d p o w e r needs, a d d e x t r a
Selectable Gate T~mes,1ms and 1x c
Provls~onfor 10 sec Power 117V 50/60HZ 15W r a n g e s l a t e r ~f y o u r requirements e x p a n d
High Stabil~ty10 MHz Crystal TIN 8 a v 'lze 8 8" x 8'' x 2 8"
(223 5 x 203 2 x 71.12 mm) AUTHORIZED
Plug-~nTlme Basp 3 Ibs, 10 or
Weight

BlRD DISTRIBUTOR
Plug-~nPrescaler (164 k g )

Kits ~ncludeall parts dr~lledand plated PC PRICES MODEL

boards cablnet swliches hardware and a
compl;te Instrukl~on mahal ~ncludlng call-
50 MHz KI~ CTR-2-50K $199.95 WEBSTER COMMUNICATIONS
brat~on lnstructlons 500 MHz KI CTR-2-500K 249.95
50 MHz Factory Asvmbled CTR-2-50 289.95 115 BELLARMINE
Factory assembled unlts a n tested and call- 500 MHZ Factory Assembled CTR.~.~OO 349.95
brated to spec~ficat~ons Please a d d $ 2 . ~sh~pping
ROCHESTER, MICHIGAN 48063
6 3 6 S h e r ~ d a nDrlve. Tonawanda, N. Y. 14150 (313) 375-0420
DAVIS ELECTRONICS (716) 874-5848 .T M o f B I R D ELECTRONIC CORP.

90 october 1976 More Details? CHECK-OFF Pa

 - CLEAN SIGNAL -
- ALL CHANNELS -

ONLY RP GIVES YOU BOTH

PLUS
SUPER ACCURACY (.0005%)
FULL 2M FM COVERAGE
144-148 MHz

-
WORKS WiTH MOST FINE AMATEUR
OR COMMERCIAL GRADE RADIOS

MFA-22 SYNTHESIZER

-
NOW SAVE 20°/0
MFA-22 $260.00
with 5kHz Stops $300.00
KENWOOD'S TS-820 Shipping (UPS) $3.00
Fully wired, tested, I yr. warranty
This is the PACESETTER for the industry and no small wonder
when you consider these features: Factory direct
IF shift, RF speech processing, digital readout (option), digital 9 Elactronics
hold, monitor circuit, monoscale VFO dial, PLL circuitry, RF nega-
tive feedback, RTTY, 160-10 meter coverage, front panel VOX
controls, RF attenuator, phone patch terminals, IF OUT jack, . . .
:%D
FULL
DETAILS
m] BOX 1201H
CHAMPAIGN. ILL.
61820

Treat yourself to all these operating conveniences now.

Announcing
TS-820 . $830.00 ppd. in U.S.A.
Accessories for the TS-820 are: BIG EAR
The plug-in digital kit (DG-I), a DC-DC converter (DS-lA), 500 by
cycle CW filter (CW-820), deluxe remote VFO (VFO-820), MC-50 John Kraus, W8JK
microphone, TV-502 2 meter transverter, etc. Director and Founder
Ohio Stste-Ohio Wesleyan
Send SASE NOW f o r detailed info on this system as well as on many other fine Radio 0bsewstory
lines. Or, better still, visit our store Monday t h r u Friday f r o m 8:00 a.m. t h r u 5:00 p.m. Author - ANTENNAS
BIG EAR is a new book by a
long-time amateur and in-
ventor of antennas, a pioneer
8400 N. Pioneer Parkway, Peoria, IL 6 1 6 1 4 radio astronomer and map-
per of the Cosmos.
Jim Plack WBSBGS - Phone 309-691-4840
BIG EAR is about the Ohio
telescope, how it has probed
the universe t o its limits and
now searches for intelligent
FAST SCAN AMATEUR TELEVISION EQUIPMENT life beyond Mars.
Accounts of personal exploits
from early amateur days t o
SOLID STATE the present provide revealing
behind-the-scenes glimpses.
BROADCAST QUALITY A n authoritative book written
AX-10 TRANSMITTER i n a warm, entertaining, non-
PERFORMANCE
technical style.
FOR TECHNICAL DATA 226 poges, illustrated
Published July 1976
AND PRICING,
WRITE TO: AM-1A RCVR MODEM Paperbound $3.25, hardbound
$6.25, postpaid
Cygnus-Quasar Books, Box 85,
Powell, Ohio 43065

92 october 1976 More Details?CHECK-OFF Page 134

Solder is for sissies.
Are you still designing circuits the old fashioned way? Soldering
and unsoldering? Burning up valuable IC's? If so, it's time you made
a switch to solderless breadboarding. E&L Instruments offers a
complete line of breadboarding products from sockets to the most
complete systems for professional use. Here are five ways you can
go solderless . . .

SK-10 Socket Digi-Designer #DD-1K

Thisprecision solderless bread- A must for every student, engineer or
,,,*: boarding socket will pay for technician doing digital
# a .; itself in one afternoon. Inte- circuit design. Handles
grated circuits and discrete corn- both IC and discrete
,.. . 9 ponents insert directly, without components without
,<",
.," . .
, adapters. All interconnections are soldering. Connec-
. . made with 20 to 26 gage solid tions to the SK-10
conductor wire. $17.75. socket are made
using any solid 22 gage
insulated wire. The DD-1K includes a
Breadbox Ill clock, power supply, logic lights, pulsers, logic
level switches and much more. All circuitry is
An approach a now in one circuit board. $70.00 in kit form.
large breadboarding area.
Three SK-10 sockets, four
5-way binding posts, two
BNC connectors, six BP-22
solderless breadboarding CIRCUIT DESIGN, INC.
pins. $65.00. Dlvlslonof E 8L Instruments.PO Box 24. Shelton.Conn 06484

It's time you went solderless! Order any one

Op-Amp Designer #OA-2K of the five products above by completing and
Powerful design tool for linear work and sending in this coupon. Please don't forget
CMOS digital circuitry. SK-10 t o sign coupon and include check, money
socket. Heavy current capac- order or charge card information.
ities on all three power
supplies [+/- 15V & +5V Please send me your model #
DC]. Sensitive null - -_ pictured above for $ . -- -

detector and a full func- Enclosed find my Check Money

tion generator with exter- Order _ or Charge information for
- nal frequency adjustment. All BankAmericard or Master Charge
interconnections are solderless.
$95.00 in kit form. (Make sure you sign the order
blank.)

signer #OA-3K NAME:

SK-10 socket. Plus and
minus variable supplies ADDRESS:
(1 to 15V). This
adjustable feature CITY: STATE: Z I P :-
makes the unit
exceptionally flexible,
SIGNATURE:
,, allowing it to be more
useful for odd voltage require-
ments. The fixed 5 volt supply Circuit Des~gnwill prepay s h ~ p p ~ n
anywhere
g In the U.S.
allows interfacing with TTL circuitry.
$80.00 in kit form.

More Details?CHECK-OFF Page 134 october 1976 93

 I 1 ALUMA I
FREQUENCY COUNTER -
6 - ~ 1 g i t.33 inch 7 seg. L E D Latched Display (Can be
expanded t o 8 digit) Crystal Oscillator TiFebase .001%
TOWERS
f 1 count. Readout M H Z o r K H z t o over 4 0 M H z . (-iGxq
MULTIMETER - MADE IN ALUMINUM

I
11 Megohm I n p u t Impedance. 100°% Overrange except 1
6mP ranqe. AC-DCV 0-1.000, 10.00, 100.0, 1000.
A C - D C M A 0-1.000. 10.00. 100.0. 1000. O H M S 0-100,
0-10K. 0-1Mesohm. I n o u t .orotection. auto oolarltv. over- j, TELESCOPING
I
*
range and negative sign indication. . '
(CRANK UP)
Frequency Counter A d d S 3.00 Shipplng/Handling
I GUYED
*
O n l v SI39.95 K I ~ A l l o w 5 Weeks for delivery

NEW
TILT OVER MODELS I
FOR THE QUALITY M A D E
EXPERIMENTER A T A PRICE
T H E HOBBYIST
-
s$c~bbQv\t \oh
ASSEMBLED TESTED CAN AFFORD
-.. MODULES
1. Crystal T~mebase,1 M H Z w i t h six $21.95
KIT $6995
divide b y 1 0 Outputs 1H Z t o 1 M H Z
(size 3" x 5")
2. Frea. Counter Gate M o d u l e
incl"des 8 0 M H z + 1 0 Schottky
$16.95
D I G I T A L CAPACITANCE COUNTER
4 D i g i t L E D Display HAM
(Size 3" x 5") Ranges t o 1000 MFD.
3. F o u r d i g i t 7 seg. .33 inch L E D $34.95 COMMUNICATION
Latched Display (Size 4" x 5" x 2%'' high) +_ 0.5% (k 1 P F D Below 100 P F D )
1 0 M O D E L S MFG.
I (Above Require 5 V D C )

I
T o w e r s to 100 feet. Spe-
4 F u n c t i o n Generator M o d u l e $19.95 A d d $2.00 ShippinglHandling c i a l s designed B m a d e . S e e
Sine, Saw, and Squarewave O u t p u t s A l l o w 4 Weeks Delivery dealer o r send for free
-
1 H Z l O O K H Z t o 1 0 V o l t output. catalog.
Requires Switches & Pots.
5. F u n c t i o n Generator K i t $39.95 California Residents a d d 6 % Sales T a x
Includes assembledltested module,
Send Check o r Money Order t o
Switches, Case, Hardware. (Requires t w o 9
V o l t Batteries.) L I N CORPORATION
15311 S. Broadway Gardena, Ca. 90248
A d d $1 .OO Shipping A n y A b o v e
A l l o w 3 Week Deliverv (213) 532-8809

A Better K e y b o a r d
Home
training in
Output Level S e t Pot
Crystal Controlled-Digitally
$54.95 AMATEUR
POSTPAlD
S y n t h e s i z e d Tones
S t r a p p i n g for Hi-Low Z Output
IN U.S.A.

TEXAS RESIDENTS
RADIO
I n t e r n a l 5 V. Regulator ADD 5% SALES TAX N R I , leader i n Communications,
Supply V o l t a g e R a n g e 7 to 24 Tclevision. Electronics a n d T V -
RFI Suppression CHECK OR M.O. Radio home t r a i n i n g , n o w offers the
WRITE FOR BROCHURE ON f i r s t i n A m a t e u r Radio courses, de-
Velcro and Case Included
- -
Size 2.80 2.00 0.60 Inches
AUTOMATIC UNIT ATD-30 signed t o prepare y o u f o r the F C C
A m a t e u r l i c e n s e y o u w a n t o r need.

Don't lose your favorite frequency

'LEME ELECTRONICS CO.
A T h e F C C has anid "either-or" o n

I BOX 12171 - DALLAS, TEXAS 75225 I licensing. b u t t o pass Advanced a n d

E x t r a Class exams, y o u need the
technical guidance as offered b y N R I .
N R I Atlvanced A m a t e u r Radio i s f o r

I
t h e h a m who alrcndy has a General.
PO BOX 1682,~ e p t H,
. Largo, Fla. 33540 C o n d i t i o n a l o r Tech Class ticket.
Basic A m a t e u r Radio i s f o r t h e be-
DIPOLE A N 0 WIRE ANTENNA KITS, complete wlth H1.Q BALUN. 100' rope, copper g i n n e r ant1 i n c l u d e s t r a n s m i t t e r ,
antenna wore and ~nsulators 3-band receiver, code practice equip-
80/40/15 parallel d ~ p o l e $36.95 160 short. 130' length $36.95 ment. T h r e e traininp. plans offered.
40/20/15 parallel d ~ p o l e $30.95 80 short. 63' length $31.95 Get a l l the facts. M a i l coupon. N o
80/40 trap dcpole $41.95 40 short. 33' length $28.95 obligation. N o salesman w i l l c a l l o n
40/20 trap dtpole $36.95 S ~ n g l eband models from
VERTICALS - complete wtth Un~versalM o u n t ~ n gBase. Folds
to 5' for Easy Transport, Hvy Duty A l u m ~ n u mTub~ng.
20/15 trap. 13' hgt.
40/20/15 trap 22' hgt.
$29.95 160 compact 23' hgt.
44.95 80 compact 20' hgt.
$44.95
39.95
$24.95
NEW
Apartment / Portable
apt. roof or patlo.
camper. trader. mo-
you. N A T I O N A L R A D I O
I N S T I T U T E . Washington.
D.C. 20016.
..........MAIL NOW .............
@
80/40/20 trap 30' hgt. 69.95 40 compact 15' hgt. 34.95 tor home. All bands NATIONAL RADIO INSTITUTE
: Washington. : 46-076
80/40/15 trap 20' hgt. 59.95 20/15/10full slzevertccal 29.95
80 10. folds to 5'
easily, 13, height,
: tratntng.
D C 20016
' Picase send me Informatoon on . Amateur Radio
10 meter cov for above add 9.95
TO ORDER - Include 51 95 shtPPln9 ($2 95 West Coast)
80 40.20 15-10 $49.95
. Name Age- :
24 hour sh~pment 30 day guarantee Address
For Info. SASE or 1st Class Stamp. : city Statezip- :
: ACCIEOITEO MEMBER WATlOllAL nOME STUDY COUMCll :
.......................................
94 october 1976 ore Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134
 HERE'S A HOT NUMBER!
CALL

(TOLL FREE)

FOR

NEW & USED

AMATEUR RADIO EQUIPMENT

H A M RADIO CENTER INC.

8340-42 OLIVE BLVD., P. 0. BOX 2 8 2 7 1

ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI 6 3 1 3 2

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 1:34 october 1976 95

( 2 METER FM TRANSCEIVER
I
3 1n1.l
unnu nnnL n r ~ r o A
FREQUENCIES
4 on

Clegg HT-146
Drake TR-22
Drake TR-33 rec only
Drake TR-72
Genava
--
Heathkit HW-202
Heathkit HW-2021 rec onlv
IcomIVHF Eng
Ken/Wilson
Lafayette HA-146
Midland 13-505
Regency HR-2A
Regency HR-212
Regency H R - 2 6
Regency HR-312
Regency HR-2MS
+ 143 to 149.99 MHZ in digitally dialed 5 KHz steps Ve"low transmitter spurious wtput S.B.E.
mthout buying a single 142 + Be'yllium copper printed circuit card guides ~ f 0 ~ i d 0 Sonar 1802-3-4, 3601
SOLID retent~onot plug in modules, as well as Standard 1461826
coverage opt~onal.
+ 25 Watts RF outnut excellent ground connectton to the modules.
Standard Horizon
.25 uV. 12 Ob. SINAD sensitivilv All of *IS plus o ( , f m ~plug
I on modubs f w Ton, Bursf, Tempo F M h
r Completely independent transmitlRaceive fm- Dial Tone, Sub-Audible Tone, and a Touch T o n e
auencv control. vet simplex with the flip of a interface module.
TriolKenwood T R 2 2 W
i n g l e switch. TriolKenwood TR7200
Send tor our six page COLOR brochure which givss
Includes dynamic mi-
AMATEUR N f T vOu the full stow, ins& and w t l Send ]or free frequency
crophone and moble
mounttng bracket $650.00 Touch T o n e - trademark of lha Western Eleclric Co. list and order blank to:,

NEW PRODUCTS! KENSCO

EOMMUNIEdTlOYYI
Y~$i3

Box 469
Quincy, M A 02169
(617) 471-6427

+ REPEATER AUTOPATCH A N 0 CONTROL

3 d l g ~access,
t slnqle d~qltdisconnect + 650 MHZ PRESCALER KIT
3 dl911repeater ON OFF control Why pay 975 00 to $100 00 or more for a 250 MHZ
AGC w ~ t h30 Ob dynamlc range On all Inputs and prescaler when you can get one that goes all the

/b
outoutsl Just connect repeater Rcn. TX, Ider. wav to 650 MHZ lor lust
~o"ch- one line and power.
Size PI,." x 4%;' $199.95 As~embled

Aha, the SECRET of PC

Board s r l c c e s s finally revealed.
A perfectly balanced lighting
+ REPEATER A N 0 RTTY CW IDENTIFIER
+ TOUCH.TONE KEY BOAR0 tool combining magnification
254 bit cspscily allows you to send your call plus
P ~ i t i v snap-act~on
e push-buttonIwibheal
other desirable lnformalion.
No need to worry about long tlnger nails.
with cool f l u o r e s c e n c e . Excel-
Easily programed.
$62.50 Assembled No more mis-d~al~ng because of interminent switch lent for fine detail, compon-

!#
Size 6" x 4.1,:'
contacts.
I-r 1 ent a s s e m b l y , etc. Lens i s pre-
1
/ Standard touch-tone format.
S~ze2"/,." x 2 x 'I,." $8.00 ground and
SATAN,~LECTRONICS, INC. cision polished.

IBLOG. 3~.41RlWl~Nl~~UT AREA + COMING SOON . the P.A.D. The . .

PROGRAMABLE AUTOMATIC DIALER. Send f m Regularly $70.00. Now, over
more lnformat~on. d i s c o u n t (only $49.00)
30C
I 91318232235
to a l l l i c e n s e c l Hams. verified
in Callbook. U s e s T-9 bulb

COMPETITIVELY PRICED!
+ L L I ~ > I ~ C - I S LIII\
I \<<I \II~II I, IISII

~~~:~~~Z~::~~t,:;~.~~;:,;:::V:~::::::1:l~,1':,,,1,,l,,
IB \ \ l , n \UN~\III)
I
::;,;'?~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ' ~ (not
, ~ supplied).

Include $3.00 U.S. p o s t a g e , or $4.00

in Canada. $5.00 elsewhere. Cali-
fornia R e s i d e n t s include (3% s a l e s tax.
532.95 $39.95 Or s e n d s t a n l p e c l envelope for free
EPC-I 44-R LA- 144 brochure of other i n c a n d e s c e n t or
2 Meter FM Transmitter 30 Watt 2 Meter Power Amplifia
f l u o r e s c e n t l a m p s s u i t i t b l e for all en-
o Built-In I I ? sac 1d.I llZ powcr sul,ply o 2 Channel,. 141.148 MtlZ o Frequency ranpr 144148 MHZ
o Swr 3'4" w x 2%" h x 4" L 0 Power Outpul 2 walls tvvical. I watt o Max~mumRF output powcr 30 watls g i n e e r s , a r c h i t e c t s , students, etc.
mnn 6 12.5 V K o Mar8mum R T mpul powrr 5 wall$
0 BNC input. output conncclon
o 50 ohm oulpul ~mvdancc o Supply voltapr 13 6 VDC
o Input impcdancc = 50 ohms
o Narrow hand FM ?. 5 KHZ a Small rwr 1 718" w x 518" h r 3H" L
8 0 Output l T L . Fan out of I
o Rupeed balanced cmtttrr oulput
0 Senrlriv~ty14 mv 6 I50 MHz.
150 mu 6 300 MHZ
Iranssstor
o V~rtuallyhurn.out prnof halanccd
rm~clcroutpul trsnslstor D-D ENTERPRISES
o Small rwc I 718" w x I" h x 3%" L o Fully compatahlc mth thc EPC.144-B
Dept. A, P. 0. B o x 7776
o 50 ohm snpul& oulput lmpcdanm
..r . -- -.. o Sald asa lullv tcrtcd & aucmhkd San Francisco, CA 94119
I %nd %If Addcrud Sum@
E k r l o a tot ~ wlnfotnutton
.
ELECTRONIC PROTOTYPE CONSULTANTS
1907 W Camphcll Phnntx. Antons R5OIC
r~rcub ~at r d Irss caw, connecton
and hral sank I
96 october 1976 More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 1:
THE FACT THAT YOUvVEGOT
A HAM RIG,

Now you tlwit have to let everyone know that you've got a
mobile ham transceiver. Our model ASPR798 gain cbsguke antenna
looks ancl acts just like a normal Forcl antenna, operating on AM ancl
FM broadcasVas well as the 2 meter bancl. We know the disguise is
effective because we've been making them for law enforcement
agencies for years. Antenna Specialists has an entire line of clisguke
antennas to prevent the theft of your VHF FM rig. Exact replacements
for Chrysler and Forcl pmlucts ant1 universa,l mounts for everything
else on wheels.
When it comes to choosing the right amateur antenna, don't
settle for less than the best. Look for the Stripes of Quality. At your
Antenna Specialists Dealer.
\\ 111 I, [ I - 4 11 \ \ l t l l 8 0 1 l#'.18011#I111L! ,11111 1111*$ < (111111t'l

the antenna specialists co.

., <.r ' The Allen Croup Inc.
~?>t.r>l
'2235 t - c l . 0 A:trn.o. C r v e . l r l d Oh1044IOfi
F xpvrl 7200 St>.trv~.'\ Drokc Nrstbury L I New Yolk 11590
Canada A C Strrnr~lunds8 Suns. Ltd
1'47,. ,.Il ' i t . r\n,t.nn.r 5n1.t tail>,%c o
 If you want a microcomputer
with all of these standard features.. .

B eRAM Complete-
d
( ~ t hmaximum capacity of
2K Bytes)
ly factory assembled and tested
-not a kit
Tn Serial I10 OTional accessories: key-
* EIA Serial 110 boardlvideo display, audio
3 arallel 110's cassette modem interface,
P
A CIIIBaudot terminal com-
patibility with TTY machines
power supply, ROM pro-
grammer, and attractive
or video un~ts cabinetry.. .plus more
Monitor having load, dump,
display, insert and go functions
options to follow.
The HAL MCEM-8080. $375 I The F T - ~ , ' ~ )YAESL;
B Transcc~ver
Solid stair. 6 m e t e r s SSB. 4 . I
...then let us send you our card. I CTC UIfFlVHF
POWER TRANSISTORS FOR AMATEUR USE
J l O l UNOERWDOO CAPACITORS I
HAL Communications microcomputer you can
I c 1 Check o r M 0 mrh o r d e r
2 BankAmer!crrdor Masrerrharge
3 C 0 0 120%d c p o s ~ rplease1 I
Corp. has been a leader in bu For details on the
digital communications M~EM-8080, write today.
for over half a decade.The We'll also include compre-
MCEM-8080 microcom- hensive information on
puter shows just how far the HAL DS-3000 KSR
this leadership has taken microprocessor-based
us.. .and how far it can terminal, the terminal that
take you in your applica- gives you multi-code
tions. That's why we'd compatibility, flexibility
like to send you for future changes,

l3ul
our card -one PC editing, and a
.' ,. . * . . , , I , I C I P I . . l l
board that we feel convenient, large Pla"<.,m..I.. i. I . A , , \

is the best-valued, video display I.-.-.",' .... ........

Stmple ss A.B.C.
" B r *.-11.- C ,r. rr.

most complete format.

HAL Cornrnunications Corp. .....*"* ~

Box 3 6 5 , 8 0 7 E. Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801

Telephone ( 2 1 7 ) 3 6 7 - 7 3 7 3
PLUS -_:7:
~90s5-pLur ,,,I INGINLCRING N C
BOX C
- -

P0St.g. & SCI1IMGrltlD VIRGINIA I2151

nandling 103,~sd0513

NOW AVAILABLE IN KIT FORM

6:1,4:1 and 1.1 Baluns
rn Frequency Range 3-30MHz
rn 2 KW Rating
rn Lightning Protection Built In
All Prices Postpaid in USA / Add Shipping outside USA
Shipping Wt. 1 Ib. 6:l Assembled - 22:95
[California Residents Add 6%Sales Tax]
Kit - 16.95
1:l & 4:l Assembled - 16.95
FIVE NINE PLUS Kit - 11.95
3402 Campus Case Only - 7.95
Claremont, Ca 91711 Core Only - 3.50
(714' 621*1658 Antenna Products for the Amateur

98 october 1976 More Details? CHECK-OFFPage 134

 DIGITAL DATA RECORDER
for Computer or Teletype Use
Up to 4800 Baud
Uses the industry standard tape saturation (NRZ) method to beat all FSK systems ten to one. No
modems or FSK decoders required. Loads 8K of memory in 17 seconds. This recorder enables you to
back up your computer by loading and dumping programs and data fast as you go, thus enabling
you to get by with less mem-
ory. Great for small business
bookkeeping. Imagine! A
year's books on one cassette.

Can be software control-

led. Comes complete with a
software program used to test
the units in production (8080).
Manual includes software con-
trol hook up data and pro-
grams for 8080 and 6800.

SPECIFICATIONS -
MODEL CC7:
A. ~ecording Mode: Tape
saturation binarv (NRZ).
This i s not an F'SK or Home type recorder.
No voice capability. No Modem. Runs at Also available - MODEL CC7A with variable
motor speed which i s electronically regulated.
2400 baud or less Asynchronous and 4800
baud Synchronous. Runs at 3.l"/sec. Speed Runs 4800 baud Synchronous or Asynchronous.
mechanically regulated *.5% or better. Recommended for quantity users who require tape
interchangeability. Comes with speed calibration
B. Two channels (1) Clock, (2) Data. Or two tape to set exact speed against 60 cycle line.
data channels providing four (4) tracks on
the cassette. Can also be used for Bi-Phase, $169.95
I Manchester, etc.
- 8080 I 1 0 BOARD with ROM
C. Inputs: Two (2). Will accept TTY, TTL or RS
232 digital. Permanent Relief from "Bootstrap Chafing"
D. Outputs: Two (2). Board changeable from This is our new "turnkey" board. Turn on your
TTY, RS232 or TTL digital. Altair or lmsai and go (No Bootstrapping). Con-
trols one terminal (CRT or TTY) and one or two
E. Erase: Erases while recording one track at a cassettes with all programs in ROM. Enables you
time. Record new data on one track and to turn on and just type in what you want done.
preserve three or record on two and pre- Loads, Dumps, Examines, Modifies from the key-
serve two. board in Hex. Loads Octal. For the cassettes, it
F. Compatibility: Will interface any computer i s a fully software controlled Load and Dump at
using a UART or AClA board. (Altair, Sphere, the touch of a key. Even loads MlTS Basic. Ends
IMSAI, M6800, etc.) "Bootstrap Chafe" forever. Uses 512 bytes of
ROM, one UART for the terminal and one USART
G. Other Data: 110-220 V - (50-60) Hz; 3 Watts for the Cassettes. Our orders are backing up on
total; UL listed; three wire line cord; on/off this one. #2SIO (R)
switch; audio, meter and light operation
monitors. Remote control of motor optional. Kit form $140.00
Four foot, seven conductor remoting cable Fully assembled and tested $170.00
provided.
H. Warrantee: 90 days. All units tested at 300
and 2400 baud before shipment. Test cas-
sette with 8080 software program included. F i l l out form and send check or money

I;
NATIONAL MULTIPLEX CORPORATION . ......... .Data Recorder CC-7 $149.95
g 3474 Rand Avenue, Box 288
South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080 201-561-3600 . .......... Data Recorder CC-7A @J $169.95
Please enclose $2.00 Shipping & Handling
SHIP TO:
- on each Recorder or I/O Board.

I
JI Operating & Technical Manual
(Schematics) Includes Software
& Hookups for 8080, 6800, and
-? CARD NO. ZIP 1/0. $2.00
z EXPIRATION DATE
N. J. Residents add
5 % Sales Tax 1-

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134 october 1976 99

INTRODUCING THE

AMPLIFIER FOR 2
WORLD PREFIX MAP - Full color, 40" x 28".
shows pref~xeson each country . . . DX zones,
time zones, ctties, cross referenced tables

SPECIALTY COMMUNICATIONS
SYSTEMS MODEL 2M10-70L
SCS's AMPS ARE BUILT FOR All solid state-microstripline
ALL MODES OF OPERATION! design.
See your favorite dealer or order direct.
Want more power on FM? You've got Broadband-requires n o tuning
it with the SM10-70L. Want more across band.
power on SSB? Just flip the switch Variable T-R delay for SSB/CW
on the 2M10-70L and you've got it. operation.
A TRUE 70 WATT P.E.P. OUTPUT Full VSWR and reverse voltage
with 10 watts input. protection.
WITH LOWER INPUT POWER. THE Under 1 dB insertion loss in receive
2M10-70L GIVES APPROXIMATELY or bypass mode.
A 10 dB GAIN.
Harmonics levels typically -40 dB
SCS's ALL MODE LINEAR AMPS or better.
ARE FULL CAPACITY PRODUCTS!
Not economy I~nes. The Model 2M10- Measuresonly 7.1 ~ 1 0 . 16.5cm.
2 ~
70L is the finest linear amplifier for Wt. 1 kg.
2 meters that can be purchased. One year warranty on entire unit.
, DX Englneering, Antenna Special-
Components are of the highest
quality. $139?5
If not available at your dealer, tell him to get up to date, and call the SCS factory
your repairs. Please write us on your arn-
for name of your nearest SCS dealer. ateur needs. We Have A Large line of
--- cornmerc~al line linear amplifiers from

SPECIALTY
COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, INC.
AY. NY. N Y 10012
8160 Miramar Road. San Oiego. CA 92126 Louis N. Anciaux WB6NMT

YOUR BEST BUY IN KITS

ANALOG-DIGI-LAB FREQUENCY
Features 3 R e g u l a t e d COUNTER
power Suppl~es 3 Out- 7 Dlglt 0-300 MHz Freq. Counter $99.00
put wave forms. 8 dlgb 7 D l g ~ t0.500 MHz Freq. Counter $139.00
8 D l g ~ 0-30
t MHz Counter
t a l level sw~tches 2 no wlth O p t ~ o n s (Special) $99.00
bounce pulser sw~tches 0-300 MHz Prescaler
8 LEDs w ~ t hdrlvers 1 AP Super strlp for 8 D l g ~ tCounter $19.95 Handy Logging Area
Eas~ly constructed Deslgned by RETS 0-600 MHz Prescaler for
Electron~c Schools 8 Dlglt Counter $39.95
1st t ~ m eoffer $139.00 Cabinet accessory package available for Case: 2x4"; shaft %'
- all of the above $24.95
Clock Kit (complete less case) $12.95 Anyone of the above klts ava~lablepre-
Functlon Generator Klt $10.95 assembled for a n additional $50.00.
Please add $1.00 Sh~pp~ng/Handling o n any order under $15.00
Send SASE for flyer. Featuring Electron~ccomponents and kits ava~lable.
HAL-TRONIX
P. 0. Box 1101 Southgate, Mich. 48195
(313) 285-1782

100 october 1976 More Details?CHECK-OFF Page 134

 The last few years have seen a One of the most exciting possibili- companies which package and
remarkable quantum jump in the ties which has come about as a market microcomputer related
cost effectiveness of computing result of the inexpensive LSI com- items as kits, finished products and
power brought about by the advent puter is the fact that a general related items for personal use. The
of inexpensive microcomputer purpose computing system is within products range from complete
systems. You've been reading the budget range of you, the system kits with hardware and
about these machines for some individual with an interest in the software to peripherals, software
time in the technical press. You've technology and an appreciation of and literature on the subject. But
seen stories of applications rang- both the intellectual challenge and where do you go to find out about
ing from specialized numerical fun of building and using a per- this personal involvement aspect
control systems for machine tools sonal computing system. There is of microcomputer technology?
to intelligent traffic light controllers. now a whole micro industry of --.

Turn to EUTt, The Small Systems Journal for a wealth of

information on the personal use of computer systems. BYTE is a
monthly compendium of information you need for personal use
applications of microcomputers:
Theoretical: Speculations:
Computers are Ridiculously Buck Rogers and the Home
Simple Computer
What is A Character? Could A Computer Take Over
Total Kitchen Information Frankenstein Emulation
System Biorhythm for the Computer
The Magic of Computer
Languages
Data Paths News and Reviews:
Processing Algebraic Son of Motorola
Expressions The LSI-11: A New Mini-
The Software Vacuum Microcomputer System
Microprocessor Update:
Practical: CP-1600
Build a Graphics Interface Microprocessor Update:
Powerless IC Test Clip TMS9900
Let There Be Light Pens Assembling an Altair 8800
Golf Handicapping By The HP-65: World's Smallest
Computer Computer System
The COMPLEAT Tape The SR-52: Another World's
Cassette Interface Smallest
Assembling Programs By Hand The CT-1024 Kit
Add A Kluge Harp to Your Build a 6800 System
Computer With This Kit
WTt is professionally edited and packed with the information
you need on this fast growing field of personal computer applications. Please allow six weeks for processing
Don't miss a single exciting issue. Order your subscription today,
using the coupon below, or phone your request directly
(ca11603-924-7217 and ask for the subscription department).
h4BVTEFFR."GG-- -a
:
DEPT. HO NH 03458
you are into computers, I Please enter my subscription to BYTE.. .
if you are planning I $12 One Year $22 Two Years
$30 Three Years
a computer of your own, Bill me. Enclosed is my check for L
or if you're just curious, Bill BAC NO. Bill MC No.
send this coupon today.. . Credit Card Expiration Date I
Name (Please Print)
subscribe to BYTE. I
S t a t e Z i p s9

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134 october 1976 101

 T S l MICROMINWTURE ENCODER-DECODEI
0 Available in all EJA standard tones 67.OHz-:
Microminiature in size, 125x2.0x.65 high
Hi-pass tone rejection filter on ~MX
Powered by 6-16vdc, unregulated,
Decode sensitivity better than lor lax, limited
Low distortion adjustable sinewave.--- r - -
Frequency accl '5Hz, frequency
stability k 1 Hz
0 Encodes continuuus~yarid simlltar
A m . T ; n decode,
UUlll't ~ independent of mi
hang-IUP
Totalhi immune
wlrea ana resrea, complete
K-1 elemc
$59.9!
K-1 field replaceame, plug-111,I requer I L ~
determining elements
$3.00

COMMUNICATIONS SPECIALISTS
.1 BOX 1:
UFORNl
i) 99830

FOR FREQUENCY STABILITY

1
Depend on JAN Crystals. Our large stock

I
of quartz crystal materials and com-
Like magic. Hufco's Digi-DialAdaptor turns
frequency counter Into an absolutely accurate
DIGI-DIAL ADAPTOR
dlsplay! Inexpens~vely! With continual d~splay
-
transm~tand recelve frequenc~es as fast as 1n.5
I
turn your transcelver d~all
W& the DI~I-D~al Adaptor your'Countereasily I kit fo!
npo. Drake (:L~ne.CollinIS. ! embled
ranscelvers.(Tell us whlclh other
. . . . . . . . . . .s.1 A n CRYSTAL SPECIALS
Operat~onrequlres only aconnectlng cable to the
transcelver VFO plug. Translates VFO output to 2 Frequency Standards
through 2 5 mHz. No ~ntemal connect~onor mod~fi- 100 KHz (HC 131U) . . . . . . . . . . . $4.50
cat~onsnecessary1Complete lnstruct~onsincluded.
No frequency counter? Gel both the DI~I-Dl-'
4 1000 KHz (HC 6lU) . . . . . . . . . . . 4.50
Adaptor and a frequency counter from Hufco Almost all CB sets, TRor Rec . . . . . . $2.50
have counters startlng as low as $45 95l (CB Synthesizer Crystal on request)
Amateur Band tn FT-243 . . . . . . . ea. $1.50
. . . . . . . . . 4185.00

Order vour!
- P today
I

I Please rush me:

- D~gt-D~alAdaptor
-
$39 95 kR form $'49.95 assen ~twzip-
trder enclose
Hufm
S
I I6 Son E
tal Dr.,
Fla. 33801
f ~ tonlcs.
r he.

102 october 1976 More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134

 $29.95 each communieationr rpecia~i, K-1 FIELD REPLACEABLE,
PLUG-IN, FREQUENCY
Wired and tested, complete \n P. 0. BOX 153 DETERMINING ELEMENTS
K-1 element BREA, CALIFORNIA 92621
$3.00 each
(714) 998-3021

More Details?CHECK-OFF Page 134 october 1976 103

 I Your Next Purchase.-> I I I

ELECTRONIC KEYER PADDLE C W TRANSMITTER MORSE-1835 SPEECH PROCESSOR

MODEL10 B MODEL 11B MODEL 50 MODEL 12 MODEL 60 A

Reed relay output (1 amp, DiffDah travel adjustment. 15 watts input. Full break- C-MDS circuitry. Solid state 200Kl500 OHM inputs. PTT
250V. 20VA). 10-30 WPM @ No mechanical switches. No in keying. All solid state. output switch. (250V, 1 AMP on connector. Instantaneous
6V-DC supply, 12 MA drain. bearings to fail. Paddle as- Crystal control. 160. 80 or MAX.) 8-45 WPM. Fixed attack and release. 2. 9V-DC
15-45 WPM @ 9V-DC supply. sembly wei ht is 1 5 pounds. 40M plug-in coil. Zener reg- &pacing. Dot 1:1, Dash 1:3. batteries (not included).
15 MAdrain. 3 MAidle current Reversible b i t and' Dah ulated chirpless keying. Has Self-completing DotiDash. 1.5 MA drain. Frequency is
drain. Fixed spacing. Dots connections. Rubber feet. bullt-in 120 Vac power sup- No onlofl switch required. - 1 1 2 db.. 300-3000 HZ.
1. I . Dash 1 3 . Self-complet- Damplng on paddle operator ply. OPTIONS. Bullt-in keyer Sidetone has 2-inch speaker. Process gain control has an
ing DotiDash. Manual dash in lever Feather gltde paddle andlor sidetone. Paddle Paddle travel adjustment. inlout sw~tch.The process
tune position. (Batteries not movement. Model 110 is compatible with Rubber feet. 4 penlight threshold IS: 1.5 MV-RMS
included.) Use the Model 10B bulk-in keyer option batteries (not included). (HI-Z). 400 micro V-RMS
Keyer with your paddle or our (LO-Z). Output voltage 100
Model 1 l B malchlng paddle. THE WORl!DAT YOUR FINGERTIPS! MV-RMS nom.
MODEL lOBWA KEYER wlth MODEL llBW assembled 511.95 MODEL 501 (Kit) $49.95 MODEL 12 assembled $49.95 MODEL 6MW assembled $29.95
Sidelom assembled $39.95 MODEL llBK (Kit) 8.95 MODEL 50W (Wired) 569.95 S h i ~Wt. 2 Lb.. add S 1.35 MODEL 60AK (Kit) $23.95
MODEL lOBW assembled 529.95 Ship. Wt. 2 Lb.. add 5 1.35 Add-on optlons: Ship. Wt. 1 Lb.. add 5 1.00
MOOEL lOBK (Kit) 523.95 SIDETONE 200-21 Kit S 5.95 (PA RES. ADD 6% SALES TAX)
200-2K PC BOARD KIT 514.95 (PA RES. ADD 6% SALES TAX) 200-21 Wired $ 8.95 (PA RES. ADD 6% SALES TAX)
200-3K SIDETONE KIT 5 5.95 KEYER 200-22 Kit 513.95
Ship. Wl. 1 Lb.. add S 1.00 200-22 Wind 518.95
Ship. Wt. 4 Lb., add 5 2.10
(PA AES. ADD 6% SALES TAX)
(PA RES. ADD 6Y. SALES TAX)
SEND FOR CATALOG 8 DEALER LIST.
ORDER FROM DEALER O R DIRECT.
FOR U.P.S., C.0.D S H I P M E N T S - A D D 8 5 d
(All ,tsi come with 4 0 plug-
in coil unless otherwise
specified. (Additional coil
klts $3.95 each postpa~d.)
~
4!&
RD-1 BOX 185A FRANKLIN, PA.16323
T E L E P H O N E (8141432-3647

CA$H 2-WAy

FiL---Gl
SSB & cw Filters for Superlor reccptlon through FOR F M RADIO
CONNECTOR MOTOROLA. GE. RCA, ETC. EQUIPMENT
,., ,,.,
F:Er I ' Z
SSB filters are for CB or
H V E QUE (HQ 11 dipole
has C O A X S O 19 5 o r h r t
91155 I IIC* DI,.IIC b~,r~l ,"
~onn~clor
mo~d..~ ,,,to
ILC.I
c o a x P l 751 plug on I r c d l ~ n c D r w
MOBlLES BASES PORTABLES MOBILE-
TELEPHONE< REPEATERS R E M O ~ ECONTROLS,
TONE E Q U I ~ E N T , 2-WAY TEST EQUIPMENT
OE-lO2A SSB filter $51.95 C a p LCIDI c o a x f~lttngr d r y l n a l r u ~
Operational Unlts Only
OE-1O3A CW & SSB 559.95 tlonr l n r ~ u d t d ~ u a r a v t ~ e d
AI
I., .hrlr OE-104A CW filter $49 95 dealers or $3 95 PO~I~.W
z/s
panoon ~ n r u ~ a t 99 ~ ~ ~
2.": Comm~sstons/F~nders
CAL-COM SYSTEMS INC
Fees
Other filters & products
are ava~lable. BUDWIG MFG. CO. PO BOX 9 7 ~ R*rnon..
. CA 92065 7 0 1 - 5 1 ~KINGS ROW SAN JOSE'CALI;. 95112
Telephone 24 ~ o u r 408/9b~-4444
r
DYNAMIC ELECTRONICS, Box896, Hartsellc,AL35640

104 october 1976 More D e t a i l s ? CHECK-OFF Page 134

 WINTER IS JUST AROUND THE CORNER. NOW'S THE IDEAL TIME TO PUT UP THAT ANTENNA SYS-
TEM OR TOWER YOU'VE BEEN THINKING ABOUT ALL SUMMER. DURING OCTOBER SAVE $ $ ON
THE ANTENNA PACKAGE OF YOUR CHOICE . ..

FULL SPEC SHEETS AVAILABLE ON REQUEST. A WIDE SELECTION IS AWAITING YOUR PHONE CALL
OR LETTER.

OF SPECIAL INTEREST ...

MOBILE CHARGERS
We have a limited supply of mobile, SOLID STATE RECEIVER STRIPS
rapid chargers for the HT-220 Ornni. We have some Motorola "H" series
These chargers are similar t o the hi-band receiver strips i n stock. They
Convertacom Console, but Converts. have the cavity front end for selec-
corn goodies are n o t installed. tlvity. Ideal for repeater receiver or
Chargers are checked out and print standby use. Limited supply.
of PC board is included.
$49.00 each
Only $75.00 Plus Shipping
Plus Shipping

I I
.
We'll be at the following Hamfests . . Hope to see you there . ..
Sept. 26 Louisville, Ky Oct. 2, 3 -
Memphis, Tn - Oct. 8, 9 Omaha, Nebr. If not send for your FREE Buyer's Guide and shop with con-
fidence from your own home.

SPECTRONICS, INC. HOURS

-
STORE HOURS:
1009 GARFIELD
Mon-Thurs 9:30-6:00,Frl. 9:30-8:M)
OAK PARK, IL. 60304 Sat. 9:30-3:W,
Closed Sun. & Holtdays.
3 12-848-6777
TELEX 72:8310 till@! -I
More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134 october 1976 GZ/I 105
 150-170MHz
LED CLOCK
MOBILE
H 4". D 16"
i UNITS

A SUPER QUALITY kit that features: Transistorized Progress L i n e , FE53JA6,

Handsome extruded aluminum case in black, gold, Front M o u n t , 150-174 M H z , 12 volt, 35 w a t t s ,
silver, bronze or blue fully solid state receive, 4 tubes in transmitter,
Large .33" bright LED display fully narrow b a n d , complete with a c c e s s o r i e s ,
12 or 24 hour readout format shipping weight 50 Ibs.

Regular slw
NEW LOW PRICE $118.
(Schematic available on request)

2-METER LINEAR (KW)

DON'T MISSOUT ONOSCAR AND 2 METER DX. AM-SSB-CW-
FM MODES. 16 in W X 5 in. H X 17 in. D IN A CASE THAT
EVEN THE XYL WILL WANT IN THE L M N G ROOM! ALL
NEW AMERICAN PARTS-FULLY ASSEMBLED AND TESTED.
(requires power supply offered below or equivalent)
fob san bernardino. calif. L-2-K $450
COMMERCIAL QUALITY
any counter. Completely 2KW POWER SUPPLY
220/115 v POWER SUPPLY THAT DELIVERS: B+: 2.200 v at
500 ma. WlTH METER/FILIMENTS: 0-6.3 v AC WITH METER/
SCREEN: 0-250 v WlTH METER/ BIAS: 0-90 v WITH METER.
SUPPLIES ALL REQUIRED VOLTAGES FOR THE ABOVE
LINEAR. MATCHING CASE WlTH THE L-2-K. 16 in. W X 8 %
in. H X 17 in D. (the XYL will like this one too). ALL NEW
AMERICAN PARTS-WEIGHT APPROX. 100 Ibs. ASSEMBLED
AND TESTED.
fob san bernardino, calif. Ps-2oOo $790
PERCENT OF QUIETING MEASUREMENT
FINELY. A SYSTEM TO MEASURE THE PERCENT O F
QUIETING IN FM RECEPTION. ACCURATE AND CONSIS-
7447 LED driver TENT PERCENT QUIETING REPORTS PLUS FINE TUNING FM
7 - 100 O h m current limit resistors RECEIVERS AND ANTENNA SYSTEMS MAKES THlS A
7 segment LED readout WINNER! THlS PIECE O F GEAR IS A MUST FOR THE
SERIOUS VHF'ER. ASSEMBLED AND TESTED.
shipped paid in U.S.A. PQ-A $ 6 5
FREQUENCY DEVIATION MEASUREMENT
A 2 METER FREQUENCY DEVIATION METER AT ITS BEST.
STABLE, ACCURATE AND EASY TO OPERATE. MULTI-
RANGE FOR WIDE OR NARROW FM DEVIATION. SUPPLIED
WlTH BATTERY AND 146.94 MHz XTAL (other freq avail).
ASSEMBLED AND TESTED.
shipped paid in U.S.A. FD-2 $ 85
SORRY-NOCOD'S CALIF. RES ADD 6% TAX
- -- - -

CHM products inc.

t o . box 6193
san bernardino, california 92412
I
More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134
FIRST
Make this
-
!I n
-R-~ - *-O-O- - T ...
2-meter FM 100 channelI combi-
.,...... ......
.....,...,
n ~ t ~ n nm
e 'wrttc
.
~ 8 t hf.dLIUIY
i
I
installed tone encoder (Incl.
comparison: 146.94 MHz)

The GTX-1 gives the high

q u a l i t y performance that
0611.200 I
compares with Motorola, GE, 2-meter FM, 100 channel comblna-
tlons, 30 watts (lncl 146.94 MHz)
I
RCA or any other hand-helds
that sell for $700 or more.

GTX-lo-s I
THENCheck these
2-meter FM. 10 channels. 10 watts
(Xtals not ~ncluded) I
8rlAb95.

features:
Small: only 8"x2.6"x1.28". . . 2-meter FM, 10 channels, 30
Appearance: slim silhouette watts with pushbutton frequency
all black metal . . . Service- selector (Incl. 146.94 MHz)

able: easy access to sepa-

rate receive and transmit
. .
circuit boards . PLUS: 6
$24gg5
pole xtal filter for superlative 2-meter FM. 6-channel. 3.5 Wats
receiver operation . . . and:
trimmers on receive and
transmit xtals: standard 10.7
Hand-Held

Same as CTX-1, plus Factory

r*t5e(Bat. not incl.)

MHz 1st IF. Installed Tone Encoder

(Bat. not incl.)
and specs: -
IJRingo Ranger ARX-2 6 db 2-M Base Antenna
Rec. Sens.: .2@v for 12 db @ $29.95 $ I
SINAD ... ~ d j a c e n tchan- Lambda14 2-M and 6-M Trunk Antenna I
nel rejection: c 3 0 kHz 55 @ $29.95 $ I
.
db . . Spur. Resp.: more
than 65 db . .. Audio Out- TE-l Tone Encoder Pad for
put: 500 mw . . . Power out- plug-in installation on most
put: Hi 3 w, Lo I w . .. amateur transceivers @ $59.95 $
Audio Quality: Distortion TE-ll Tone Encoder Pad for installation on
free, crisp, clear receive and I most Hand-Helds @ $49.95 $ I-
transmit.
PS-1 AC Power Supply for use with all makes
of transceivers 14 VDC-6 amps @ $69.95 $ I

,
and the following standard crystals @ $4.50 each $
Non-standard crystals @ $6.50 each: .... ......... . $
I
I
I
at the Price: GTX4
r
~ ~, ] i - ,
I
ACCESSORIES FOR 6TX-1 and GTX-IT I
.-.. . 7 ( PSI-11 Optional Nicad battery pack
2 Meter 6 channel ... -
wltn aullt-ln
$29.95 $
Hand-Held
Tone Encoder 0 PS-2 Charger for GTX-1(T) battery pack
(without encoder) $39.95 $

$24995 $29g9' !
(Bat. Not Incl.) (Bat. ~ o Incl.)
t
IJ CLC-I Leather carrying case .. $12.95 $
TE-Ill Tone Encoder (for use with Gfx-1)
I
rn (
GENAVE stocks most common 2-M
Xtals for immediate delivery
II
$49.95 $
Add $4 per Radio for Shipping.
Handling, and Crystal Netting.
'I I
w
i Check/Money Order
C.O.D. Include 20% Down
Personal Check I
I
I Note: Orders accompanied by personal checks will require
about two weeks to process.
I
I
Phonc-~norders accepted (31 7 +546-1111)
20% Down Payment Enclosed. Charge Balance To:
BankAmericard # Expires - rn
I
I Master Charge # Expires -I
INAME Interbank # Expires -I
I

IADDRESS CITY
IN residents add 4% sales tax:
CA residents add 6% sales tax:) $
A / / orders shipped post-pa~dwithin continental U . S .
1
0
AMATEUR CALL (allow 8 weeks delivery.)
HAM ,
7

! Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134 october 1976 107

 FREE
IC or FET's W l T H
55 5 $10 O R 0 E R S . t
DATA SHEETS
W l T H M A N Y ITEMS.

KIT $1195 OlOOES TRANSISTORS TRANSISTORS TRAMSISTORS LINEAR ICS

ADVA ASSEMBLED $17.95

ADD $1.25 FOR
:::::&', Z::
IULII.

,m,w
114111. ::::
wm INIWI
rn
"g %: %: EZ: Z Z: 7:;
sn E::: 5nl
1 2 zmatre :rd. E
i:n r cnsa uoo I S :::
15 1
:::::LMMOI
: I
118416 2~1111 n 2~424s two ant 14 15 t ~ w o r I
POSTAGEIHANDLING ;:;::m
IM'IIC
,::;= : :;
IM INIZIY IIN~IJ~
:;: ::;;
snl ~ 1 7 5
;;: :;::
JISI LMION
;::
t n
1~9121. yn 1~2222 1n8 1~1102 101s Y?FTIY~. IIIIIY. MI
INPl6 1W2212A. 5/18 2N1101 21 UWlU NII16L IS I0
IMJlk( IjXl 21236) 1111 2W11I I! Y l f l t 2 4/59 IHIOICW n

VARl AB1 F POWER SUPPLY ;;;? :; E -

1*a011
114001
1zn1 1121WA
tznj 1N1101.
m: ET;lizs ;;/ ;;;;!;; ti
14 IYUII 2118 ~ 1 1 0 0 t 4 x 1 L U ~ B n DO
s n l ~ N W ~ B AW ~ O ! S I ~ O O Z 4111 LUWICII ,is,
Continuously Variable from 2V to over 15V l"4005
IMaIll
ID,S, IN1551
I061 211161
n w Nl aIU.I
8111 2N*161
8PtlOOlm LMI4ICN. ml

IM4001 1011 211W US1 2 W l l l t UtlI:::::: $30 ::::1(

Short-Circuit Proof IWI48
lM4354.
1s'II 1I1Wlm
25,lt ZN3568
2Wlllt
2N4883
1/511115!3 1 1 ,m l 4 l U 0,.
S Z ~ Q I ~ ~ S ~ % I49C) O W
15
1.W
Typical Regulation of 0.1%
Electronic Current Limiting a t 300mA
Very Low Output Ripple
Fiberglass PC Board Mounts All Components VARACTORl > r , s ~ vr , lm5ll7

Assemble in about One Hour vriuuw rn 1M1122 ,0 2M1101 2nt LINfI\RI~~ RLaIYII. L50

Makes a Great Bench or Lab Power Supply Fl~lZYMz 51 2111121

I1VI111.
Y V ~ I ~
2#>881
1~11011.
a0 2MII.ll
75 Z M Y J I
,,, ,wun
1150 LYlWll
8 9 0 LY3DlAM
J ~ tIv ~ o r n
ll10 Rr419LVl' 1.25
27 R L I I I 5 I I ' 125
21 twzor* l a
Includes All Components except Case and Meters YVllM
YYllml.
I,ll Y5556V
IIL,LIIOw #I
IS

-- MV11661.
YVII,l
,;:;Mi
2u1108
2*1911 mDI zNwlI
,6
IYu
2NY86
120 2 l l Y l
8 3 1 1lY1mK
1 >
13011
!
S
I( I(
1 0 M11111
115 iililliOIUC
1
125

OTHER ADVA KITS: MORE SPECIALS: fl MY2201 1.

wno, " ::%: 11'1 2 U I M
l o o zwslsl
1100 L Y I Z O K S
2 I D L Y I I O I I I II S , E l l "l.
woo tuvar 8s uls ourwe1
115
RC1(1s5DN V
L
II 50mA IC. Vry
LWlC P R W E KIT-U* rlthN O S ITL. DTL W l l . WTL. Y l N l l .n( n*l. UOS IC.3
M*m a ** H'ghlv Supplv lor OP AMP"'
.",I, n W.,,.".,"~ina !A",," .nu", .r.o-,,.r annm,r.I..m*I,a."llll,
R.qY'-' mlv ul"w""l"J DC l18-30Vl H*1 2 bV- almc-.
M a r lm Dml LED r-ul
FIXED REOVUTEO POWER IWLY
k p m . l n or-. u- u. 01. bmr
I I I ~ S - ~ vmf ~ ~ *.,m
W L V -88
~ ~ ,him.\
~ , , Nlrnl
W'm Schamn'n mOIP
LM741 FREO COMPENSATED OP AMP. fi741. MC17.1.
11.25
.tr.mDlP 5/51
I, *SUPER SPECIALS: fl
Im,vm. wpn .lr. .m rrLol rwpUI.,m of 05% nul. N . *.I I- ~ ~ 1 DUAL ~ 6 7418 OP AMP 3/51
mnl wl

- -
w o r n . &a.t.ak t a sv e -A. BV e -r\ w -A, 11" ..am*. ~ s v . RC455.9 DUAL 741 OP AMP mOlP 31~1 1 ~ 9 1 I4W V ~ ~ OD ~BA~ . ~ ~ ~ -HZ1 0 RF 2 Amr
-A %d. 4
, - *hn-drl* m.sr 2N3904 NPN TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER/SWITCH m W m A 8100 6/51 IN4001 l W V / l A R.n 15/11 40673 MOSFET RF Amp $1.75
ZENERS-Smdv Volt- 33.39.4.3.5.1.68.82 4 W m W 4/51 W 1N4154 30V 1N914 2S/Sl LM324 O w d 741 OP Amp .M
-rr,Dd,,,,, ,naanw ,a,*d dr*.,d
vnruna
m",",l(DIm -mmn", Idda, I)P, ,or ,,, 9 1. 10. 12. 15. 16. 18.20.22.24.27,~( 33f lllml 1 Wan 3 B l . W B R I 5 0 V H A %+ RRr 4/51 LM378Po$Volt R q m O I P .55
m 2 2 2 Z A NPN Tramurn*. 61S1 NE555 T v n mDIP 2/51
MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE

-
mu h m h l ~
2 N m 7 PNP Tr.ns#lta 6/51 LM723 2 37V Req DIP 3/51
ALL TESTED AND GUARANTEED 2 ~ x 5 POW5 x l r t a IOA w ~ ~ 7 camp
4 1 op~ m p DIP 4/51
t-OL mn rnrr DATA w r r n wa mn M* nrna I- mn .a FREE (u, 2 N 3 9 M NPN Amp/% J l W 8/51 LM1458 Dual 741 mOIP 3/51

ADVA
REOUTST- M I O. A w wIm rrr 0, $5 ol -.-74S h u t O Am+ a la Elm
2N%06 PNP A r n p i k ,ilW BiSl CA3086 5 Trans A n m 01P 55
PET\-lm-w&dltOlxmor. p n l m t d w n l o 1751171 h . f r r a l n m & l

All
WRI~E~ 0 1
.,.
ORDER TODAY AII #lm.u b W $0 r w U rrt Cr.r u b C I lo mng.
,,-, rrr YIDkn w, I U n -.,dl.
F ~ E ECLTALM
.ntd
ol(r,rg ar 1~ m - u l w ~
.Dl-

u r w ul - I& ELECTRONICS
CP650 Powm FET 'hAmp

~ ~ T ~
$5 RC4195ON .15VErOmAmDIP 1.25

~ ~ l 3/51~
$6.00 ~
S d IY.lrn0
TERMS y l n d ~ ~ m m w d n tund.~wth-dr
~ u s w . w ~nciaarnstwtous BOX 4 18 1 D, WOODSI DE, CA 94062 RC4194TK D u a l T r d m u R w M o r t O 2 t o m V Q Z M m A T O W
RC4195TK Dual Traekmp R w l a t o r : l 5 V Q l W m A I T 0 8 8 1
$2.50
$2.25
a-a nd ~ . ~ < r.
. e nm m &I#,) $1 m h d h v d..p. on w a n ua %I0 -111 m,
...,.as~.h,, r,.c, coo,~.-.wa~rn,.~~~.~ Tel. ( 4 15) 851 -0455 8038 W . W ~ O G
~.W~.IO~ \ ' W.H wtm c l r c u t t * ~oat. SP 75

TEST EQU I P M E N T
y-tebuild Immnz (IH 6mcirr ( 5 0 mHz F:~t) A l l P q u t p m r n l l ~ s t c d 1s operal~onal nnrl un

tncy Courlter for a rr 3EQUEMSY COUhITERS c o n t l ~ t # o n a I l y r ~ u a r a n l r r d M o n r y h a c k !I n o 1

5 , > 1 ~ \ l r c t l r q u i p m c n t h c ~ n q r r t u r n c d 111U51 bt-
ra easy-refindparts, roo!(unltn ~ h ~ p p c pt rl r p a t d l n c l u d c c h e c k or n i o n c y orr1t.r
w 1 1 l 1 O r d P r . P r ~ c c sI ~ C I U UPS
~ Cor m o t o r I r r t u t l t
other kits.) Any Radio Shacki has them c~~ILII-s
Uses 7 segment L.ED read01uts -no B E C K M A N 7570A Counter F r e q conv
scarce Nix~evubc 3s! No trickry crystal 10 IOOOmHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275
BOONTON 190A Q m t r 30 2OOmHz . . . . 325
ovens, either! BOONTON 2028 A M F M s ~ gen g
Kit inchides a classy cabinet with front 54 216mHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
panel, I>Cboards, hardware, instructions, D E I T D U 2 30rnHz videodisplay . . . . . . . 55
GR546C A u d ~ omicrovolter . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
and diagrams. A Fjroven design! An
--
unbeatiable offer!
WrHe or call tod
-- GR821A Twin T i m p h r ~ d g e to40mHz . 165
GR1302AAudioOsc .01 IOOkHz . . . . . . . . . 75
HP160B(USMIOS) l5mHz s c o p e w ~ t h
n o r m horiz, dual t r a c e v e r t plugs . . . 375
P.O. Box 357, De$ HP166B(Mil) Delay sweep for above . . 130
Provo, UT 84601 ( HPIRSA Samplinq Scope l gHz 1868
xstr rise pluq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,335
HP202B L F Osc .5Hz 50kHz 10v. out . . . . 75
HP20SAG L a b Audio Gen .02 2OkHz. . . . 195
HP212A Pulse Gen .06 5kHzPRR . . . . . . . 65
HP430CR Microwave P w r M t r . . . . . . . . . 40
HP54OB Transfer Osc to 12.4gHz for
L

C
&rder now use w i t h HP524 type counters . . . . . . . 115
l N N l R <ONDUCTOR
HP571 B 5618 Digital clock/rcdr . . . . . . 245
11.3 Rl W and save HP6ORD(TS510) std sig gen 10 420mHz 425
FOAM DIELECTRIC 450
HP616 Sig gen 1.8-4gHz F M CW . . . . . . . 385
H P686 Sweep Gen 8.2 12.4gHz Sweep
FOR AMATEUR USE ranqe 4.4mHz 4.4gHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595
HP803A V H F Ant br1dge50 500mHz . . . . 95
50 O H M JACKETED H A R D L I N E
@aPP UQ ,.. very low l o s s per 100 ft.
SINGER SSB4 Sideband spec anal
0 4OmHz, res. to lOHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685
T E K 181 T i m e m a r k scopecalib. . . . . . . . 45
we aw tb dew improved receiver s e n s i t i v i t y T E K 190 Sig gen(const a m p l ) 50mHz . . 125
T E K 551 Dual beam 27mHz scope
.45 DB to 50 MHz less plug ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735
T E K 565 Dual beam 1OmHz scope
WIRE CONCEPTS INC. .go DB to 146 MHZ less pluq ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
TS 505 Std V T V M ( r f to5OOmHz) . . . . . . . 65
1.90 DB to 450 MHZ For c o m p l c t c llst o f a l l t e s t cqu~pmc!nl
207-227-17'7 4.20 DB to 1296 MHz send s l a m p e d , sell a d d r e s s e d cnvclopr

GRAY Electronics
P.O.Box 941, Monroe, Mich. 48161
Spcciallzing In used l c s l e q u i p m e n t
 perfection.
Since 1969, the year in which TEN-TEC introduced
the first solid-state HF transceiver, progress has been It is notably significant that TEN-TEC is the only
rapid. It was in this year that we produced the POWER- manufacturer that has placed a five-year pro-rata war-
MITE which triggered the booming QRPp activity. Two ranty on output transistors -
with an unlimited guaran-
years later, the ARGONAUT followed, demonstrating that tee the first year against failure from any possible cause
Ham Radio can be more than just push-button com- under normal operating conditions.
munication.
You can put your full trust in the Integrity of design,
Then, in 1972, a break-through -the 100 watt "405" quality, craftsmanship and performance to specifications
solid state linear amplifier.which requires but two watts of any TEN-TEC product. Year after year after year . . .
of rf drive power. And in 1973 the 200 watt TRITON See your local TEN-TEC Dealer, or write for full details.

SSB/CW 5 watts ~nput.F u l l y solid-state.

100 watts inpul. F u l l y solid-state.

TEN-TEC
SNIERVILLE. TN. 37862
SSBICW 200 watts input. F u l l y solid-slate. EXPORT:5715 LINCOLNAVE.
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, 60646

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134 october 1976 109

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134
 RECONDITIONED TEST EQUIPMENT f o r sale.
Catalog S.50. Walter. 2697 Nickel. San Pabio,
Ca. 94806. - - Barlow Wadley
flea iS
KLM, LARSEN, ARCOS a n d HENRY RADIO
We stock popular items, KLM Echo II, Echo
70CM. Multi-7. Multi-U11; KLM antennas. 7
t o 470 MHz. L a n e n mobile antennas and
XCR-30 Receiver
market
mounts for 2 meters and 450 MHz. ARCOS
432 MHz tranrverter and kilowatt amplifiers.
Henry Radio solid state amplifiers 50 to 500 I
MHz. Write/call for information. Tycol Com-
munications. At. #3. Mt. Airy. Md. 21771.
301-831.7086.
-
MOBILE IGNITION SHlELDlNB provldes more
range with no noise. Available most engines.
Many other suppression accessories. Litera-
ture. Estes Eng~neering, 930 Marine Dr., Port
Angeles, WA 93862.
-
RATES Non-commercial ads 10$ LOOKING FOR USED GEAR? Buyers & Sellers
r a d ~ obrokerage has the equipment ou want
per word; commercial ads 40$ per word at the right prices. Call our Ham l e a r Hot-
line 617.536-8777 Monday-Friday.

*
both payable in advance. No cash dis- -
counts or agency commissions allowed. GOVERNMENT SURPLUS C o m m u n i c a t i o n
Equipment. FREE catalog. Colonel Russell, Only general coverage direct
HAMFESTS Sponsored by non- 9410 Walhampton. Louisville, KY 40222.
profit organizations receive one free Flea
Market ad (subject to our editing). Re-
peat insertions of hamfest ads pay the
-
FREE Electronics Surplus Catalog. Electronic
Specialties, 1659 Wetmore. Tucson. AZ 85705. ** frequency readout portable
Original Wadley loop circuit
Tunes 500 kHz to 30.99 MHz
non-commercial rate.
COPY No special layout or ar-
rangements available. Material should
HOMEBREWERS: Stamp brings list o f high
quality components. CPO Surplus. Box 189,
Braintree. Mass. 02184.
COMPLETE LINE KLM, CushCraft. Covenraft
** Receives AM, CW, USE and LSB
Clarifier fine tunes SSB
be typewritten or clearly printed and dust covers. SCS amplifiers, Regency, Triex

*>l*e
Towers. Call or write Radios Unlimited, 86
must include full name and address. We Balch Ave., Piscataway, N. J. 08854. 201. One microvolt SW sensitivity
reserve the right to reject unsuitable 752-4307. - Reset or readout within f. 5 kHz
500 MHz PRESCALER 10 or +I00 $59.95.
copy. Ham Radio can not check each Free information. CBS interprise, P. 0. Box
advertiser and thus cannot be held re-
sponsible for claims made. Liability for
correctness of material limited to cor-
1356. Cocoa Beach. Fla. 32931.
-
DIRECT CONVERSION RECEIVER KITS for AM
or CW. Write WB9MBH. 3132 North Lowell
Avenue, Chicago. l l l ~ n o ~60641.
s
* Zero set adjustment on panel
Average 300 + hour battery life
rected ad in next available issue.
-
- Antenna "Multi-tuner"
FERRITE BEADS: Ferroxcube beads w/speclfi.
DEADLINE 15th of second preced- cation and application sheet -
10 @ $ 1.00
ing month. postpaid. Includes latest catalo CPO Surplus.
Box 189, Braintree. Mass. 021f4.
SEND MATERIAL TO: Flea Market.
Ham Radio, Greenville, N. H. 03048. FREE Catalo Calculators $4.95 each, ultra-
sonics, digita(f.thermometers. strobe light kits,
UARTS. memories. DhOtOEra~hiC electronic
- --
flash u n i t s . rechargeable- batteries, LEDS.
WANTED: SSB TRANSCEIVER for mountain transistors, IC's. piezoelectric crystals, tor-
backpacking o r design information for same. oidal cores. unique components. Chaney's. Box
Also need 3 channel RC rig, modestly priced. 27038. Denver. Colo. 80227.
W6DOM. 6017 Marjorc3 Ct.. San Jose. Call-
fornia 95120. - NEW POWERFUL THREEOUTPUT REGULATED
STOP don't Junk that television set. ASE man. POWER SUPPLY PLUS 900 arts worth Matches any antenna to any
$400.00 list. s o l i d state TV r e c o d r electronic
ufactures the world's most complete line of
unit. Schematics, parts cross reference. Free shortwave receiver
television picture tubes. Over 1700 types.
brochure. $17.95 plus $3.50 S&H, USA. Master
Most types immediate delivery. Tubes for Old
or New TV's. black & white and color. 2 year Charge. BankAmericard. Satisfaction guaran- Usable from 2 to 35 MHz
teed. Madison Electronics Compan , Incorp-
f a c t o h warianty. Lowest prices anywhere.
Allled Sales & En neer ring. Inc.. Dept. 22. orated. Box 369. D77. Madison,
- AL. 35758. Choice of 5 matching circuits
Pimento, IN 47866. Belephone 812-495.6555.
YAESU EQUIPMENT OWNERS -
Present o r
Prospective - Join the five-year-old. 2000-
Coaxial or long wire input
WANTED: Mint 500CX. 117XC. VX2. Indicate
member. 40-country, International Fox-Tango 10-position coil tap switch
-
s e r ~ a lnumber. WB21WH.
Club. Members receive valuable monthly News-
letter, money-saving purchasing service, tech.
ETCHED CIRCUITS glass epoxy. drilled and
plated. $.25/square inch. Send artwork t o
Ready Circuits, P. 0. Box 34, Pinesdale. Mon-
nical committee consultation, free ads. FT
net. more. Back issues of Newsletter ava~lable CILFER C-10 Calibrator
tana -59841. -
VARIABLE CONDENSORS, Johnson 154-3, 19-
from 1972. To join. send $5 for calendar year
(includes all 1976 issues of Newsletter) or $ 1
488pt 2KV used, excellent condit~on, $12 creditable towards dues. for c o m ~ l e t e lnfor-
each 'or 3 'for $30. postpaid. KP4DSD. Box mation and sample Newsletter. Milton Lowens.
297. Sabana Seca. P. R. 00749. WA2AO /4, 248 Lake Dora Drive, W. Palm
Beach. $1. 33411.
VERY in-ter-qjt-lngl Next 4 b i g issues $1. "The

-
Ham Trader. Sycamore. I L 60178. RUBBER STAMP, name/call/ TH $2.50 ppd.
- (CA residents add tax). L 8 M Press. Box
SYNTHESIZER. See Ham Radio, July 76 g.
20-23, figures 2 1 t o 24. Kit for $ 115. assenibyed -
22161. San Diego, CA 92122.

and tested, $140. Power supply t o run from CRYSTAL FILTER, 8 ole. 10.7MHz, 13 kHz Calibrate any type of receiver
117 volts additional $15.00. CTD, P. 0. Box BW Piezo model #1493. Equivalent t o K.V.G.
f ~ l t e r model #XF107-A. $12.00. J i m Wingen. Strong harmonics every 10, 25,
708. Cambridge. MA 02139.
- horn. K8DRN/4. 7791 NW 42nd PI.. Coral
50, 100 and 1000 kHz
FREQUENCY COUNTER BOARDS. Jan. 76 Ham
Radio includes 500 MHz prescaler circuit
and LED board with instructions. $15.00. A D I A N JUMBO KLUS
08 L Nlogs. and Parts Cata- Adjustable output level
March 76 s ~ e e C h comDressor. $10.00. Both Bargains Galore. Send $1. ETCO-HR, Box
projects come with parts source listing. Double 741. Montreal "A" H3c 2V2.
- Modern CMOS integrated circuits
sided glass epoxy, drilled aand plated. CSJ
MOTOROLA HT-200 GOODIES. Unmodified
Electronics. 5201 Cameron Ct.. Lincoln, NE.
- H23DEN.lllOA $ 125. NLN6259B charger. $25. Accurate-completely drift-free
68512.
HEATHKIT BY ANDREA -Excellent building
and check-out services of most Heath equip.
NLN6316A c a i e with NLN6320A cover and
NLN6349A strap, $7.50. NAD6219A flex an. Identifies by "Gate" circuit
ment. We ship finished product to you. For tenna. $2.50. Complete system $150. Un-
rates / information, Tycol Communications, modified H23DCN.1010A. $100. NLN6260A Easy to use-long battery life
Route 3, Mt. Airy. Md. 21771. 301.831.7086. twelve unit charger. $125. Bill Wood, WB6FXJ.
31094 Hemlock Ave.. Barstow. California 92311 See our mini-catalog for other SWL
SAVE1 Bomar FM, xtals $4.00 p d Dentron, or call 714-256.9576 after 5:30 PST.
supplies including books, clocks, an-
Hustler. CushCraft. W. M. Nye, k e c o . Used
gear. Complete catalog -
write Ferris Rad~o. PORTA-PAK the accessory that makes
mobile really portable. $59.95 and ~ 3 4 . g
tennas, headphones, log sheets, re-
308 E. Harry. Hazel Park. Mich. 48030. ceivers, QSL albums, etc.
- Dealer inquiries invited. P. 0. Box 67. Somers.
Wisc. 53171. -
TELETYPE EQUIPMENT FOR SALE for begin-
ners and experienced operators. RTTY ma.
chines, parts, sup lies. Special beginners
NEW CANADIAN MAGAZINE. "Electronics Work
Shop". $5.00 yearly, sample $1.00. ETCOB. CILFER ASSOCIATES, INC
Box 741. Montreal. H3C 2V2.
package cons~stsof Lode1 15 pa e printer and
TH5.TG demodulator $125.00. ~ t y a n t i cSurplus
- P.O. Box 239, Park Ridge, NJ 07656
Sales, 3730 Nautilus Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. TELL YOUR FRIENDS about the BIQ NEW H a m
11224. Tel: (212) 372-0349. Radlo Magarinat
 This Month's Specials flea market SUPER CALCULATOR VALUE!

NEW
Fairchild VHF Prescaler Chips
HAMMARLUND HQ180 RECEIVER
coverage and Ham band spread
MHz. $195. W60SU. 7811 Agnew Ave.. Los
Angeles. CA 90045. Phone: 213/670-5486.
-
-
General
-
0.5 to 30

NOT C.B. decals. 1 x 2 inches. black over

white. plastic, weatherproof, peal and stick.
0
Great for load coils, radios, control heads, etc. New Calculators made b y one o f the
Stop having your radio gear mistaken for C.B. largest calculator manufacturers (their
rad~o. 10 for $1.00, with SASE 12 for $1.00. name has been removed so that we can
Description Prlce 100 for $7.00. WA4SGI. Ronald P. Pitts. 2113 offer these at this low, low price).
Lester Lane. Birmingham. AL 35226.
High Speed Dual 5-4 Input DR/NOR
$15.40
- Check These Quality Features
SWAN, 1200X. linear amplifier, new, i n sealed Full 8 digit capacity
1 GHZ Counter Dlvlde By 4 $74.35 carton, $250. Russell. 19680 Mountville Dr.. All 4 functions plus constant (I0 switch
1 GHZ Counter Divide By 4 $110.50
UHF Prescaler 750 MHz D TYW
Maple Hts.. Oh. 44137.
- Floating or 2, 3,4 decimal pt. set switch
Clear last entry key
QRP TRANSMATCH f o r HW7, Ten-Tec, and Automatic display time o u t t o conserve
Flip/Flop $12.30 others. Send stamp f o r detalls t o Peter Mea- battery
Dual TTL VCM $2.60 cham Associates. 19 Loretta Road. Waltham. lndicator for input greater than 8 d l g l h
Mass. 02154.
Phase Frq. Detector $2.60 - Indicator for answer greater than 8
digits
ECL VCM $4.53 FOR SALE: AR.88 RCA WW.11 comm. receiver. lndicator f o r low battery condltlon
600 MHz Fllp/Flop With Reset $12.30 Top condition. $ith manual and complete Quality aluminum keyboard with tectlle
1 GHZ 248/256 Prncaler $29.90 spares. Tunes 540 kHz t o 30 MHz i n 5 bands. feedback buttons
Art Fillebrown. 48 Hunton St.. Warrenton. Size approx. 6" x 3%'' x 1%".White
650 MHz ECL/TTL Prescaler $16.00 Va. 22186. - case with black trlm.
650 MHz ECL/TTL Prescaler $24.60 MAXI TUNER solves antenna problems1
Matches coax, random wires. and balanced These were originally designed t o operate
650 MHZE C L / m Prescaler $16.00 from six AA size nicad batteries, however.
feedlines from 160 t h r u 10 meters. Features
650 MHz ECL/TfL Prncaler $24.60 Johnson 229-203 rota? inductor. vernjer dials. they were removed by the manufacturer
250 MHz Prescaler $9.50 optional SWR meterln , styled cablnet and before we purchased them. It's u p t o you
250 MHz Prescaler $16.55 color ootions t o comoyement Collins, Heath. to power the calculator -there js room
and ~ i a k elines. spec. sheet, pricing, and i n the battery compartment t o wlre pen-
250 MHz Prescaler $9.50 amateur market antenna tuner comparison light batteries in or use a small trans-
250 MHz Prescaler $16.50 chart from RF Power Components, P. 0. former and rectifier t o make a handy
Box 11. Ladysmith. WI 54848. (715) 532-3971. desk calculator.
Please include $1.00 f o r shipping.
RF TRANSISTORS
MOTOROLA HT220, 4 freq., 2 mtr. $275. Mo-
trac U43HHT.3100 vhf $210. Mocom D34DRT-
M size nicads (used
dition)
-
excellent con-
59C ea.
New 3100 UHF $190. Mocom D33CMT.3100 vhf
$190. Daniel M. Herlihy. K6KTP. 2338 Berry
RCA 40290 12.5v, Ft. Typ. 500MHz 2 watts St., Lemon Grove. Cal. 92045. 714-466-7558.
mln. at p. In 0.5 watts $2.48
SALE: Model 28 ASR's -
KSR's repurfs key - &..ANEYIS
$1.85
$7.00
2N6080
2N6081
15.45
$8.60
boards TD's -
printers parts -
all priced for electronics
hams. All in excellent condition. A.D.M. Corn.
$1.08 2N6082 $11.25 munications. Inc. 1322 Industrial Avenue. P. 0. Box 27038 * Denver. Colorado 80227
$1.50 2N6083 $12.95 Escondido. Ca. 92'025. (714) 747.0374.
$1.20 2N6084 $13.75 - Send for our free catalog listing hundreds of bar-
gains on nicads, IC's, transistors, digital ther-
5.68 2N6166 $85.00 MANUALS NEEDED. RCA ET-4336-H. Water-
$4.60 MRF511 $8.60 mometers, clocks, ultrasonics, strobe Ilghts, kits,
m a n S-14 Pocketscope and H P 5248 Counter. cryslals, resistors, capacilors, elc.
56.30 MMCM918 $2.50 State price first letter. WIKCR. Claremont.
$10.35 MMT2857 52.50 New Hampshire.
-
$20.70
TRAVEL-PAK QSL KIT -Send call and 25d:
receive your call sample k i t i n return. Samco.
Box 203. Wynantskill. N. Y. 12198.
TUBES -
ARTS ON 7103 KHZ DAILY 13002 t o 19002
for emergency or routine traffic. Amateur
Radio Telegraph Society. 2730 South Tabor
-
- . New M e x ~ c o88061.
Avenue. Silver Citv.
WANTED: Car telephones and mobile tele.
phone parts, heads cables etc. Greg Hyman.
87 Yonkers Ave.. \ionkers.'~. Y. 10701. 914-
476-4330. -
TELEVISION SYNC GENERATOR. Broadcast MILITARY
standards. Best offer or swap f o r VHF or UHF
transcetver. CB SSB etc. Manual WBYLU.
6731 N. Hermitage. dhicago, I L 60626.
SURPLUS WANTED
- S p a c e b u y s m o r e a n d p a y s more. H i g h -
MANUALS for most h a m gear. 1939/70. List est prices e v e r on U . S . M i l ~ t a r y sur-
$1.00. Send SASE (or 25c) f o r one specific plus, e s p e c ~ a l l y on C o l l i n s e q u i p m e n t
model quote. Hobby Industry. W0JJK. BOX or p a r t s . We p a y f r e i g h t . Call c o l l e c t
- - . Council
JUST ARRIVED1 These radlor haw just been
HR64.
. -
-
Bluffs. Iowa 51501.
now f o r our h ~ g ho f f e r . 201 440-8787.
pulled out of service. Set up for approx. 150 MHz. THE ,PERFECT GIFT FOR A HAM - His/her
c a l l s ~ g n cut Into s o l ~ d redwood. Type one:
SPACE ELECTRONICS CO.
Clean. All tubes included. No accessories. Prlces d i v . of M i l i t a r y E l e c t r o n i c s Corp.
just the call. approximately 18" x 5%". $7.50.
FOB Phnenlx. Type two: the call plus any handle, seven 35 R u t a C o u r t . S. Hackensack, N.J. 07606
Motorola U43 GGT 549.95 letters or less, approximately 18" x 9%".
$12.50. Callsigns Ltd., P. 0. Box 101. Hurley. 1 I
GE TPL
GE MT-33
$99.95
$39.95 -
N. Y. 12443. N. Y. State res~dentsadd sales
tax. 1 125 Hz Crystal Filter I
NICAD Batteries, AA, 1.25 volts 490 ea.
RADIO MUSEUM now open. Free Admission.
15.000 pleces of equipment from 1850 tele-
graph instruments t o amateur and commercial
transmitters of the 1920's. Amateur statlon
1 For Drake R-4C I
W2AN. Write for information. Antique Wireless
GEL/CELL #GC1215,12 volts, 1.5 amp hrs $19.95 Assn.. Main St.. Holcomb. N. Y. 14469.

We have all types of test qulpment. Call or OSCILLOSCOPE AN/USM-14OD, dual trace, 24
MHz $325. HP-140A/1415A tlme domaln re-
write today! flectbmeter $600 HP-130BR oscilloscope 300
k ~ r ~. 7 0 0 . ~ 8 k 445 CRT tester. $50. AN/ Cuts QRM, Ideal for OX and Contest Work. Dnes
- -
IIRM.<?A- -
..... -. . fGouencv
. . -. meter. $100. Boonton
207H univerter $ 1y0 H P - 3 0 2 -wave
~ analyzer
whal no audio filter can do. A must for CW oper-
ators who want the best. 125 Hz @ -6 db, 325
$550. Hickok i600B ' VTVM, $75. A N / U S M . ~ ~ Hz @ -60 db, 8 poles.
VTVM $35. Both with RF probes. All instru- CF-125/8 $125.00
ment; in working condttion with manuals.
l a m a s Walter. 2697 Nickel. San Pablo. Ca. Return in 10 days for full refund if not satisfied.
94806. - ' -
2543 N. 32ND STREET
SIDESWIPER only $13. Airmailed USA. Kungs-
import. Box 257, Kungsbacka. Sweden.
Sherwood Engineering, Inc.
Dept. A
PHOENIX, ARIZONA 85008 MOTOROLA HT220. HT200. Pageboy. and other 1268 South Ogden St.
popular 2M FM ,transceiver (Standard. Re- Denver, Colo. 80210
gency, etc.) sewace and m o d ~ f l c a t ~ o n per-
s
PH. 602-957-0786 formed a t reasonable rates. WA4FRV (804) (303) 722-2257
320-4439 evenings.

112 october 1976 More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134

 Great for Clocks
orany LED Digital
project. Clear-Red
Chassis serves as
Bezel to increase

fiberglass) ................................... $2.95

1 "x2"PC Board

Size: 6"H,4'/3"W,3"D
-
#I7001B [6 .4" DigitslMan-641
-
II7001C [4 .6" Digits12-.3"Seconds]
#I7001D [4-.a" Digits12-.3" Seconds]
ALL KITS ARE COMPLETE INCLUDING IC SOCKET,
TRANSFORMER, LINE CORD, SWITCHES, etc.

KIT LESS CABINET. FEATURES: MM5314 IC, 12/24 HR,

............................................
JUMBO DIGIT CONVERSION KIT

BY Chomerics

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134 october 1976 113

 flea market Test for resonanq

1 and HF too. ..
FIGHT TVI wlth the RSO Low Pass Filter. For
brochure write: Taylor Communications Manu-
facturlng Company, Box 126, Agincourt. On.
tarlo. Canada. MIS 3B4.
RlTY -
tested $29.95
-
NS-1A PLL TU (HR 8/76). Wired/

-
pd. Board $4.75 ppd. SASE
for tnfo. Nat gtinnette Electronics. Tavares.
FL 32778.
TELETYPEWRITER PARTS, gears, manuals, s u p
plles. tape. toroids. SASE list. Typetronics.
Box 8873. Ft. Lauderdale. FI. 33310. Buy parts.
resistance
with an omega-t
antenna noise I
Chicago .Iatm - -
...- .r..n- -a..~...h- i. n ~ ~
TECH MANUALS for Govt. surplus gear
$6.50 each: SP-600JX. URM-250. OS-8A/U.
-
Area PRC-8. 9. 10. Thousands more available. Send
50c (coin) for 22-page list. W3IHD. 7218
Roanne Drive. Washington. D. C. 20021.

Hams! QSL'S - BROWNIE W3CJl -

30358 Lehigh.
Allentown. Pa. 18103. Samples w ~ t hcut cat-
alog 500. -
GOOD CONDITION -
Conrac video monitors.
Come in or call for the model CUA17 with rack mount frame and non
glare face plate. Ideal for use with slow to
fast scan converters, $100 each. Robot model
708 SSTV monitor i n original packing. $300.
W5DFC. (713) 862-7875.
-
EXCLUSIVELY HAM TELETYPE 21st year.
The Omega-t Nose Brldge IS an lnexwnstve and
tlex~bletest~ngdev~cethalcanetfect~v~ly measure 1

II
RTTY Journal. articles, news, DX, VHF. clas- antenna resonant lrequency and impedance Th~s
sified ads. Sample 35C. $3.50 per year. Box un~queptece of test equlpmenl does the work ol
837. Royal Oak. Mlchlgan 48068. more expenstve devtces by uslny an exlsttng
Cash or trade deal on:
BUY - SELL -
TRADE. Write for free mailer.
recetver for a brtdge detector There 1s nu longer
a need lor power loss because 01 tmpedance
Ameco ASP Atlas Give name, address and call letters. Complete
stock of major brands, new and reconditioned
mlsmatch Get more deta~lsor order now1
equipment. Call for best deals. We buy Col.
Belden Bird CDE lins. Drake. Swan, etc. SSB & FM. Associated Model TE7-01 tor 1-100 M H z Range $29.95
Radio, 8012 Conser. Overland Park, Ks. 66204. M o d e l TE7-02 l o r 1-300 M H z Range $39.95
CES Collins Cushcraft 913-381-5901. -
OSCAR 7. SSB-CW TRANSMIT CONVERTERS.
Data Signal Dentron For 28 or 50 MHz input at 20 mw. 432 MHz
output at 1 watt. Solid state, for 12 volt sup-
ply. 35 watt solid state amplifier available
Drake ETO HAL
I1
for this converter. Units designed and built 320 TERRACE VILLAGE
by WnENC. Write for information. UHF.VHF RICHARDSON. TEXAS 75080
Hy-Gain lcom KLM Communications. 53 St. Andrew. Rapid City. TELEPHONE (214) 231-9303
S. D. 57701.
Kenwood Larsen MFJ - Soldat Amereur Radto Dealers
CIRCUIT BOARDS. Artwork, negatives, etching.
SASE for detalls. Karl Raup. WB40XG. Box
, or Direct lrom Electrospace Systems, Inc.
Midland Mosley NPC 8013. Orlando. Fla. 32806.
Newtronics Nye FREE! Over 100 electronics items. "Electronics
Sourcebook" tells how, where t o obtain free
Regency Shure Swan samples, manuals. publications. Write Techni-
cal Publications. 1405 Richland, Metairie, La.
Standard TPL Tempo 70001.
- measurements for AM-SSB, 0.2 to
VARIABLE AND TRIMMER CAPACITORS Mil- - 300 MHz, $29.50 (Kit: $19.50)
len, Johnson. Hammarlund. Erie. Arco. In
stock for immediate shipment, write for free
price list "A". D & V Radio, Parts. 12805 W.
D. R. CORBIN MFG. CO.
-
Sarle Rd.. R#2, Freeland. Mlch. 48623. P. 0. Box 44, North Bend. Ore. 97459
YOU CAN INSTALL YOUR OWN SECURITY
SYSTEM a t a price you never dreamed pos-
s~ble. Our 1976 Burglar-Fire Alarm Catalog
describes our complete line of commercial se.
curity equipment. It has everything you need
VH F/UHF CONVERTERS
PREAMPS
to ~ r o d u c ea durable, custom installation - Ten melerr through 432 MHz. A post card
just as good as the professionals. Free Cata- will br~ngour full 1976 Catalog.
log. Emel Electronics, P. 0. Box 146-D. Shef-
field, Mass. 01257.
laboratories
HEATH HW-I01 with CW filter. HP-23B and 3312 S.E. V A N B U R E N BLVD.
SB-600. With new tubes and aligned. Used CORVALLIS. OREGON 97330
less than one hour on tubes $380. Tennelec Telephone: 503-757-11 3 4
MS.2 scanner. brand new $240. Clegg 66er
rarely used $100. Kenwood TS-700A new $635.
Also Yaesu FR-101 d i g ~ t a lreceiver and FL-101
transmitter. Write or call. All equipment meets L.E.D.5
factory specifications and is i n m i n t condi. High Dome: Re /$1.00
tion in performance and looks. WBBGOA. Gr
Mike Folta. Laddonia. MO 63352. 314-373-2325. Ye
TIL 3 1 Infrared LEOS $1.20 each
SB-34, m i n t condition, with mic and xtal cali. LED panel mounts 12/$100
brator. $240. John Abdnour. WBgTQB, 806 Capacitors
Arcadia. Bloomlnnton. I L 61701. 5 p f B 15V 20/$1.00
330 pf @ 15 V 0/$1.00
YOUR AD belongs here too. Why not send i t 120 pf @ 5KV

I-
in today. 180 p f @ 5KV
.1 m f d @ 200 0/$1 00
\
1 Hours: 9:30-9Mon. & Thurs,
9:30-1:30TUCS.Wed. & Frl. I Coming Events
Electrolytics
1000 mfd. @ 6.3 V
220 m f d @ 16 V
6/$1.00 '4
6 / $ l 00
Dynamic Mike Cartrldge @ 40 o h m
$1.50 each
9-3Sat. MEMPHIS I S BEAUTIFUL I N OCTOBER! The
Memphis Hamfest, blgger and better than the
2 % amp, 1000 V PIV Diodes
6/$1.00 --
-
3.500 who attended last year. will be held at Orders over $5 wlll be shipped prepaid
State Technical Institute, Interstate 40 at Macon i n continental USA
Road, on Saturday and Sunday. October 2 and Use "Chcck.OR" for complete product catalog.
3. Demonstrations. displays. MARS meetings.
flea market, ladles' flea market, too! Hospi- HOSFBLT
- 5935 N. Milwaukee Ave.
iicano. IL 60646 I t a l ~ t v room. informal dinners. X Y L entertain-
m e 6 , many outstanding prlzes. Dealers and
distributors welcome, too! Contact Harry Simp-
son. W4SCF. Box 27015. Memphts, TN 38127.
@ eLeCTRONlC8 q
2610 SUNSET BLVO
STEUBENVILLE OH10 43925
Phone 614 2€4 6464
phone 901 358.5707.

114 october 1976 More Details? CH ECK-OFF Page 134

1BULLET ELECVE8N1CS
PO DO1 19442 DBBIJ86 013186 OGlOCJO QO, 752, (214) 823-3240
4
PS-OIA POWER
SUPPLY KIT
SFG 10 7 FOR FM
APPLICATIONS Iwtdeband) SINGLE IC GENERATES THE STAN-
A COMPACT WELL REGULATED
SPECIAL PRICE DARD 16 TONE PAIRS FOR TOUCH- , TRIPLE OUTPUT POWER SUPPLY
REDUCTION TONE DIALING KIT FEATURES
GIVES t5VDC @ l 5 A and +15 @ 150MA
Small Sue I 1 5 x 2 25' 1
AND-15@15OMA THE PS-OlA USES
NO Tuning Requtred
THE SUPERIOR 78L SERIES OF 3
PTT Ctrcult has built en 1 recond delay BATTERY CLIPS
TERMINAL REGULATORS
Low Level output 1% adjustable
Audio output ctrcult for tone monltartng
or XOUS~IC coupllng
Kit ~ncludesall parts Voltage t5@1 5A
Plug compatoblew~thDIGITRAN@ +_15@150MA
KEYBOARDS Rlpple Less than lOmv
Complete wlth PC Board Regulat~on Laad 50mv
TAB TRANSISTOR
Lme lOOmv
SIMILAR TO TIP30
I N SPECS HOUSE NO
GUARANTEED

PS-OlB AS ABOVE BUT WITH 212

OUTPUT INSTEAD O F i 1 5

HARDWARE 100V 6 0 M A
A VERY USEABLE
ASSORTMENT OF BRIDGE RECTIFIER
WE BOUGHT A WHOLE HOUSE NUMBER
2-56.4-40.6-32 and 8-32
TRUCKLOAD OF VARIOUS
SCREWS AND NUTS VALUES FROM 20 mfd t o
A FULL 225 gms 100 mfd ALL FROM 15 t o
OF NEW HARDWARE
50 VOLT RATINGS
150W 60V NPN
POWER TRANSISTORS
Most popular unlt for high
current power w p p l ~ s l or
LOW VALUE
NEW-GUARANTEED HIGH WATTAGE
WIREWOUND
RESISTORS
lohm@lOW
3/1-00 0320hm@lOW
2ohm@lOW

AIRCRAFT/MOBILE
CLOCK TIMER KIT
A FULL 6 DIGIT LED READOUT CLOCK THAT GIVES 24 HOUR (ZULU) REALTIME
AND ELAPSED TIME IN SECONDS MINUTES AND HOURS UP TO 24 HOURS READOUTS
CAN BE TURNED OFF OR DIMMED PC BOARDS ARE SMALL TO FIT INSIDE A STAN-
UNMARKED N CHANNEL FET
DARD INSTRUMENT CASE (2% Dla )
NPN GEN PURPOSE FET

KIT IS SUPPLIED WITHOUT SWITCHES OR CASE Ouallty plated boards

I SUPER QUALITY COAX

CONTINUITY SLIGHTLY LARGER I N
TESTER KITS DIAMETER THAN RG-74
A FANTASTIC LITTLE DEVICE BUT BETTER SPECS
LITTLE WARBLE KIT IS LOUDER!
COMPLETE DUAL TONE WARBLE THAT HAS A HUNDRED AND
11 1 0 0 ft. ROLL
6 DIGIT ALARM ALARM WITH 10 WATT OUTPUT ONE USES AROUND THE SHOP
INCLUDES ALL PARTS AND BOARD
CLOCK CHIP
MM5375AB Cont~nultyTest
NEW LOW PRICE1 Tranststor Test
LED & DIODE Test Monthly Prsze Gwen far best ctrcult
GREATFORBURGLERALARMS Tone vanes wtth ressstance 1 All entrtes become property
DRILLED AND PLATED 6-15VDC REQUIRES 3 t o 6 VOLT BATTERIES
of BULLET
PC BOARDS FOR 5375 ISpeaker not ~nclvdadl 2 Entry should include Ehematlc
Com Cathode - 1 50 and clrcuot dercr~ptlon
Com Anode - 1 SO

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134 october 1976 115

 flea market HELP!
FLEA MARKET sponsored by LIMARC. October
10. raln date Oct. 24. N. Y. Institute of Tech-
Sending Device noiogy. Rte. 25A & Wh~tney Lane. Old West.
bury. L. I . N. Y. Largest tlea market in the
N.Y.C. area. Talk-in on 25/85 & 52. $1.25 per
buyer. $2.50 per seller space. Hank Wener,
WB2ALW. 516 484-4322. MIXED VALUES.
- DISC CERAMIC CAPACITORS
NOW YOU ALL COME, YOU HEAR. Where?
Why ARRL Hudson Division Convention. No- $5.00/LB. PPD. IN U.S.A.
vember 13 and 14. Playboy Resort and Coun. I f you don't I~kethe pound you get - call or
try Club at Great Gorge. McAfee. New Jersey. write and we'll send another pound FREE. (And
Many exhibits, giant Indoor flea market. FCC you keep the first pound )
and ARRL forums, FCC exams, special YL .7-9pF Glass P~stonTr~mmer, JFD, VC-1 $2.25 ea
programs, technical sessions and a Saturday 10 for $1.75 ea
night banquet with Jean Shepherd. KZORS, 4.7 MFD/lOV Sprague 158D $7_.50/Hundred
world traveler, c o l u m n ~ s t and famed r a d ~ o
and TV personality as the speaker. For infor-
mation write t o A1 Piddington, WAPFAK. 4
Acorn Drive. East Northport. N. Y. 11733.

6TH ANNUAL SOUTHERN MINNESOTA SWAP- -

FEST - Minnesota's tar est h a m gathering 215-265 MHz - Plug In front-end and video

$ Adlwtabk to Any - Saturday. October 91h.%:00-4:00 - Contact

VARS. Box 3. Waseca. Minn. 56093
on 94 or call 507.83502679.
-
- Talk.in
unlt w~th8W 1 5 KC to 1 MC bu~lt-indeviation
meter. Defense Electron~csModel TMR-SA. Only
2 ~n stock $315 00
Now a v a i b b k from Palomar
Engineers -the new Ekcttonic IC SAVE THIS DATE: October 9 1976 for the
KEYER. Highly prized b y 22nd Annual VHF conference.' Western Mich-
igan University, 1 & ET Bldg.. Kalarnazoo,
professional operaton b e c a m it
i s EASIER, QUICKER, and
Michigan. Registration 8 a.m.
activity. Write:
- full day of
Dr. Glade Wilcox. Chm.. RVCR 2 to 30 MHz depend~ng on the plug-In
W9UHF/B. Dept. of Electrical Engineering, front end Prov~slon for XTAL control Makes a
MORE ACCURATE. fine single-channel H F RCVR (Westcars, e l c )
Western M i c h ~ g a nUniversity, Kalamazoo. M I
49008. Get on the malting list for yourself $125.00
it transmits with amazing o a r and your club. CAVITIES . ..
CU 691 antenna cwpler, 200-400
MHz, contains 6 very Hi-Q s~lwrplated cavit~es
CLEAR, CLEAN-CUT s i g ~ at h & 4 d~rectlonalwattmeters $100 00
any desicudspeed. Savm the arm. THE NEXT CEDAR, VALLEY AMATEUR RADI.0 SPECIAL OFFER One R-390 overhauled
Prevents cramp, and e ~ b k s CLUB HAMFEST IS Sunday, October 3. In complete - $590.00: ~bsolutely the Cad~llac 01
Cedar Rap~ds.Manufacturers and dealers wel- HF receivers.
anyone to send with the ski11 of an come. ARRL representation. Held at Hawkeye
Downs Exhibit~on Bulld~ng, ample parking. WE ARE BUYERS as well as sellers. What have
expert. you' We don't haw a catalog, by thc tlme we'd
camping. Tickets $1.50 advance; $2.00 at gate.
First table - $3.00; others .
$5.00. Saturday publish 11 the merchandise would be gone.
afternoon setup available. Talk In frequencies
146.16/.76. 146.52. 3.970 MHz. Prizes are
Collins 75S.3C Receiver. HyGain TH-3MK3
DISC-CAP, im BmEMoRE m.
Beam. Wilson WE-224 Mobile XCVR, Wilson NORTHRIDGE. CA. 91326 213-360-3387
Equippd with large spoelally 1402SM H/T. Heathkit HW-8 QRP XCVR, plus
constructed contact points. Keys more. Wr~te:CVARC Hamfest. P. 0. Box 994.
any amateur transmitter with Cedar Rapids. Iowa 52406.
ease. Sends Manual. Semi- -
Automatic, Full Automatic, Dot INDIANA - Marshall County swap.n-shop. Sun.
Memory, Squeeze, and Iamblc - day October 31 1976 at the Plymouth In.
d i a i a National ~ ' u a r dArmory located at 1220
MORE FEATURES than any W. Madison St. from 7:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.
..other keyer. Has built-in Talk-in on 146.07.67 and 146.94 simplex. Free
tables. no charge for set-up! Tickets 52.00 at
sidetone, speaker, speed and the door. Food,, drink and door prizes. For
volume controls, BATTERY further informat~oncontact WA91NM. Route 3. and lm PLZ'19 SR7.95 < n \ h PPD I n USA.
i t n l r ~ ~ r i d Rl d O l I ~ c Ill
: T e x a 5 r e l ? d e n t \ add 5 1 sale5 lax.
.
I

OPERATED.
-. - ~
h..w shielded die- Box 526, Plymouth. Indiana 46563. nox .6'1Jl L I :,,,?. 1 1 79926 Order anreti. M ~ t t rCnarse accepted.
'eIe~n,~r,ne
(011 -9)-1910 i e n d S t a n E d c n v ~ l o mf o r ~ n f n r m a t i o n .
~

u s ? metal case. FULLY A D

JUSTABLE contact spacing and PASCAGOULA EXPLORER AIR SQUADRON will
paddle tension. The perfect holds its annual Air Show Oct. 15. 16 and 17. SST T-1 RANDOM WIRE ANTENNA TUNER
I n coniunction, the Jackson County Amateur
paddle touch will AMAZE y w . Radio c l u b will operate mobile units and a All ban0 a p ~ a f # h n1160 10 m l r h l \*nth
multi-band radio statlon. The s ecial call Of mull an" lsndom ,.ng,n *we 300 *..I,
Every amateur and licmsad KMSBSA will be applied for. gperators are POW- ~ d w b ~ l uIdeal y IUI POII&ICO( ham

operator should know how to send needed. KM5BSA will also operate from here
i n the Nineteenth (19) International Boy Scouts 4 ."
o p l a l s t r n A mu.! lo, F ael0 Dsv SsI. ? I
2 3'0 Bull, In nron vvnc up ,nololo.
G ~ a r a n w e dlor 90 oav, C o w a ~ x- mw lo
with the IC KEYER. EASY TO Jamboree on the air. We hope any Explorers UY only $29 95 postpad I A W Saler
LEARN. Sent anywhere on with an amateur license will plan to be pres. l a . In C.lll I
receipt of price. Free brochure ent and take shifts as operators. Any scout
or scouter so licensed is asked t o contact $51 f l i l TRDNICS. P 0 BOX I LAWNDALF. CA 90260
m t on r e q w t . W5UCY as soon as possible.
Send check or m m y 0I'der. IC -
KEYER W7.50 postpaid in U.S. CEDAR VALLEY HAMFEST (Cedar Rapids. IA.
and Canada. Add 110.00 for home of Collins Radio) Sunday, October 3.
Hawkeye Downs E x h i b ~ t ~ oBld
n Prizes. Talk-
PROBABLY THE BEST
HEAVY NON-SKID BASE. IC
KEYER LESS PADDLE $67.50.
in 146.16..76. 146.52, 3.970 %HZ. Adva"ce
tickets CVARC. P. 0. Box 994, Cedar Rap~ds. An
IN THE WORLDWORLD
antenna system that holds
a PER-
~ d 6d% sales tax in California. IA 52401. FORMANCE RECORD won from a cramped, low
Italy write i2VTT, P.O. Box 37. elevation hotel rwm.
1 2 0 0 Cantu. Elsewhere send THE JOYSTICK VFA
m.00(U.S.) for IC KEYER or
S72.00(U.S.) (or IC KEYER LESS
PADDLE (or air parcel Port
Stolen Equipment is a Variable Frequency Antenna that gives you
all ham bands 160 thru 10 plus MARS and BC
and all the MHz in between. I t comes to you
with ATU easily assembled, only 7' 6" long,
delivery worldwid.. REGENCY HR?B: Serial #49-02817.. Stolen direct by 'airmail from UK manuf. Save, toa, on
Fully g w r a n h e d by the world's from automobile. M~crophone cable IS hard- favourable exchange rates.
oldest manufacturer of ekctronic wired t o set (instead of conventional cable- SYSTEM 'A' $69.90, 250 w. p.e.p.
jack). Kristen N. Johnson. WAITJP. 86 Alton
keys. ORDER YOURS NOW1 Rd.. Quincy, Mass. 02169. SYSTEM 'J' $91.33, 500 w. p.e.p.
(~mprovedQ on receive)
SEND MASTER CHARGE NUMBER OR
CHECK OR ASK FOR BROCHURE
Partridge (HR) Electronics Ltd.
Broadstairs, Kent, England
G3CED Phone Thanet 62535 G3VFA
-
116 october 1976 More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134
SUB-AUDIBLE GENERATOR
for FM
I L 0W E S T WE OFFER THE IDENTICAL PRODUCT AS TIIE
OTHER HOUSE AT ABOUT ONE HALF THE COST I
system

CG - QC T-130 1.15 FT-50

Low distortion s i n e
wave
A d j u s t a b l e frequency
( 9 8 - 2 5 0 Hz). L o w e r
available .5. 6 1.8 in.
Rugged. p l a s t i c en-
cased with leads. easy .90 FR-73-101 $1.00 1)oz.
t o mount -.
Lvla Pmducts .25 I:n-43-101 S1.00 1)oz.
Input 8-18 VDC urn P.O. BOX 2083
regulated
santa Clara C.W.
Excellent stsbility
95051 Specify rkslfed ma-
Price $19.95 terial for toroids -
Calif. res. add 6%
Freq. set a t factory $5.00 extra
Send for more information

I
American made. 115V Primarys:
6.3 V 1 Amp Shielded
12V 1- 250 niils
llh" x 1 % " x 1%". 3.5 02.
12 volt M amp.
12V 1.2 Amp
-
$1.40 a . p d
$1.75 Ea. p,pd.
for P.C. Board. Size:

$1.68 ppd.
$2.57 ppd. J
t9$,
SQUARE - - -
3" 4!!

PIONEER - Round 2%"

.3W. 4 hole mtg.
.3W. 4 m t g holes.
$1.45 ea. ppd., 2/$2.75 or 4/ $4.80 ppd.

x 7/s"
$1.55 ea.. 2/$2.85 o r 4/$5.20 ppd.
- 16!! - .-:--
a= BACK I N STOCK
3000 MFD
Capacitors.
@ 30 Volt
Size 1" Diameter x 3" Long. 90c Each
or 3 For $2.25 ppd.
12V. 3 Amp $4.15 ppd.
OVAL -
2" x 4" x 1%" deep 81! .1W.
4 Hole Mtg. $1.75 ea. ppd., 2/$3.15 o r
- - 3000 MFD C 20V Capacitors. Same size
as above. 80c ea. or 3 for $2.00 ppd.
4/$5.75 ppd.
x
Dual Sccondarys; I&O18V @ 1.2 Amp
and 7 0 N C? 400 MA. 1 Ib. 5 oz.. Shielded.
2 % " ~ 2" x 2%" (3%" MTG)
- -
$3.85 ppd.
1 Amp. 6.3V. Tap lh Amp -
,A
.~. ..
Round #5P585A 2" x %" 8!
-.lW $1.35 ea. ppd.
2/$2.55 o r 4/54.75 ppd.
-
ALSO 3000 M F D - @ 50V. 3 "

ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR
.*.
1iapfdia.
95r ea. o r 3/52.65
..
-
. .D ~ .
D

PHILCO
22022V
2" x 2%" x 2%'' (MTG 23/69 Leads from -... . - . 4"~13/6"dia.
t o p o f shield. 1 Ib. 4 oz. $3.20 ppd.
2 4 0 2 4 @ 1 amp with tap a t 6.3 volt for
pilot light. $3.15 ea. ppd.
"'
'"
NOBLE Dual Slide Potentiometer. 2%'' x
with 1% lever.
$1.45 ea. or 10 for $12.00 ppd.
Quad section 100=150 MFD @ 400V and
a t 350V D.C. and 20x50. MFD @ 250V
TWISTAB MTG. A very nlce unit for T r a n s
-
-
NEW -
Just Arrived NEW - ceiver Power Supplies etc.
TRANSISTOR OUrPUT TRANSFORMER
One watt rating 200 o h m Centertapped
36 W A l T -
Full Leads
sistors. 5% Resistors 33 75
-
Imported Re-
- -180 - -
Price is only $1.10 ea. o r 3/$2.95 ppd.

-
-- -- -- - - - -
primary, 8 o h m secondary 85c Each ppd. 220 330 390 430 820 1.5K 2K DUAL Electrolytic 1000 & 500 MFD. 15V,
-
18K 22K 39K 75K 82K 100K- 12OK long leads. Y4 dia. x 2 % long.

-- -
3.3K . 3.9K - - -
Transistor and Relay As- 2.2K 4.3K 10K 15K 55c each 3/$1.50 ppd.
NEW - - - -
sembly conslsts of (2)
MJE3055 and (2) MJE2955
transistors (10 amp, 90w.
l5OK 220K 270K. Resistors 10% Re-
sistors, 47
tolerances
10K - 12K - -
150K. Both
33 for $1.66 ppd. -W "
p
T
y
--.
Dual Electrolytic 1000
MFD @ 16V. 500 MFD @

, 6Ov complementary pairs)

mounted i n "U" channel
hea!, sink 2%" x 1%'' x
One Value
(You choose values)
Assorted
-
100/$4.15 ppd.
-
100/$4.55 ppd.
12V. dia. x 2%" long.
6Oc ea. or 3/$1.55 ppd.

1% . (2) XTAL CAN RE- QUANTITT PRICES 500 o r 1000 lots. ALL CRL Disc Capacitors. .IMFD. 10V 3/6"
dia., long leads. 10 for $1.00 ppd.
LAYS. DPDT. 28v. 8000!1. VALUES.
5.8 m a DC. 1 a m p contacts - 100/$8.40. 500/$36.60 (U.P.S. Only)
mounted on PC board with
resistors. $2.85 ea. ppd. 1/2 WATT CARBON RESISTORS U N W l T E D TOROIDS -
center tapped
88MHY Limited Qtys 44 MHY
With Full Leads- 33 for $1.22 ppd. Val-
5/$2.95 xe2 5/$3.95 ppd.
BRIDGES ues may be mixed. Tol. 5%. 10% 20%.
400 PIV
E d type.
- 1.5A. Gen. Instr. P.C.
6 0 C ea. or 3/$1.75 ppd.
No Choice of Tolerance. General Purpose Germanium Diodes. Sim-
ilar t o 1N34a etc. All Cathode banded
... Full leads. 16 for $1.00 ppd.

SEMTECH BRIDGES Small, glass, silicon diodes. Fairchild FD-

type. Full leads and guaranteed.
A Heat sink w/center hole Price: 16 for 51.00 D D ~ .
mtg. 10 Amp 2 Tested -
50V P.I.V. $1.25 ea. ppd. CARBON TRIMMERS
l 0 0 V P.I.V. $1.50 ea. ppd. Miniature % watt units for
u '
200V P.I.V.
4 0 0 ~P.I.V.
51.75 ea. nod.
$1.95 ea. 'ppd. ZENERS l i m i t e d - s p a c e applications.
PC tvDe terminals. Max 500
6 W V P.I.V. $2.15 ea. ppd. OUR TEST
Hobby Types.
-
Very Good Knee No - volts"0hrn ratings are:
200, 700. 1000, 1.5K. 250K. 700K
Tl 25 AMP - TESTED 400 MlLLlWAlT UNITS -
3, 3.3, 3.6. 3.9.
30e ea. or 5/$1.35 ppd.
SOV P.I.V.
100V P.I.V.
$1.75
$2.00
ea.
ea.
ppd.
ppd.
4.3. 4.7, 5.6. 6.2, 6.8, 7.5, 8.2, 9.1, 18, 22,
24. 27. Volts.
NEW MINI Imported vertical pots ('/ H.
%W. 1/16D) Values: 1000. 2.5~.
200V P.I.V.
400V P.I.V.
$2.25 ea. ppd. 1 W A l T UNITS -
10. 11 12 13 15 16 5K, 50K ohms. Slot adl. Also 5009 and
$2.50 ea. ppd. 18. 20. 22. 27. 30. 33. 39: 43: 47: 51: 56: 5K Horiz. Price: 5 for $1.20 ppd.
M)OV P.I.V. $2.85 ea. ppd. 62. 68. 75, 82. 91. 100, 110. 120. 130,
150. 160. 180. Volts MINIATURE SNAP ACTION SWITCHES -
9 Volt B a t t Clips - Dual 4" ALL UNITS 10%
5%
-
4 for $1.00 ppd.
-
3 for $1.00 ppd.
SPDT leaf actuator. 10A 125v AC 1% " x
'h " X =a'/ 60c La. or 3 fbr $1.55
Leads. lot ea. p p d SPST N.O. Cherry "Button Type:,' E34,
15A. 125v AC. llh" x K x 3h
TUNING M T R S -
tinted plastic body, 0 t o
Blue
SEND STAMP FOR BARGIN LIST
PENNSYLVANIA RESIDENTS ADD 6% - 50c ea. or 3 for $ 1.35
SPST N.C. Acro "Button Type,; (tab ac-
ALL ITEMS PPD. USA cessible t o make SPDT), 1 % x %" x
l e f t . g r a d u a t e d scale, 501. ea. or 3 for $1.35
200pA. 1 % "W x l % " H x J/a "
Canadian orders for less than $5.00 add
%"D. Scale can be rear SPST SLIDE SWITCHES (Red) Made by
lighted. Sylvania #18148-1
$2.25 ea. or 4/$6.95 ppd.
$1.00 t o cover additional mailing costs.
UPS requires your street address. Stackpole -
4A. 125V A.C. 356 ea. ppd.

Red 6 foot # I 8 2 line cord with flanged

14 MULTI-CONDUCTOR ,RIBBON
color coded -
Qty lim~ted.
#22 -
safety p l u g -
5% ea. o r 3/$1.45 ppd. 20e per ft. or $1.25/10 11.

Gray 6 foot. 7A. plugs into auto liter

$ 1.C: - pL900 or 111914 -
Fair-
socket -
9 5 t ea. o r 3/$2.55 \ 353, IRWIN, PA 15642
electronic ~peciallies-~O1 -
child RTL Full Leads. 3/1.35 ppd.

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134

october 1976 117
 - - - -

1 for you
-

FIRST CLASS FCC LICENSE ,4 LOGIC PROBE

*'&+ / ,, ,
from ic systems In,.
CiE will help you pass the govem-
fully assembled ment-administered First Class FCC 6 Q
$his,

License exam ...

broaden your ca- ,
Input
2 protection
me9 input z
and tuned! reer opportunities i n electronics. In-
' -6' 5" Automatic memory
Use with TTL/DTIJMOS/CMOS

UPGRADE YOUR REPEATER WlTH

depth electronics career training t o
help you add to your technical skills
Pwk:
L.S.I.,
'O'
16 llKC P U ~ Y S
% % l e d and tested
Box 7197, Univ. Sta., Provo, Utah 8460;
A RF TECHNOLOGY DUPLEXER. and knowledge, prepare for valuable
First Class FCC License at the same
ALL DUPLEXERS AND CAVITIES time. Basic and advanced training.
ARE TEMPERATURE COMPEN- Study at home, spare time. Fully
SATED WITH INVAR@ AND MEET accredited career courses.
ALL COMMERCIAL STANDARDS Send today for Free FCC License booklet
and school cahlog. 6. I. Bill info on re-

1 ONLY TOP QUALITY MATERIALS

GO INTO OUR PRODUCTS.
quest. For your convenience, we'll try to
have a school rep contact you. No obliga-
tion. Write CIE -
Cleveland lnstltute of
Electronics. Inc.. Dept. WHM-03. 1776
I Mar C h q ;S
Rank Arne,
' RA

Card No E x o datr
Sagnature
No 12 50 cnsr
ood
15 W E - l r a
,
M b 0 Elrclron~~r
P 0 80. 3577 h o t 10
Bouldrr Colo 80303
3 4 . 7 1
1
I
@BOTH KITS S ASSEMBLED DU- East 17th Street. Cleveland, Ohio 44114.
PLEXERS AND CAVITIES ARE
AVAILABLE TO YOU AT A SAVINGS

,
TO YOU.

Mod. 62-3...6 cav., 2 mtr., insertion

loss 0.6 db with isolation 100 db
ALDELCO SEMI-CONDUCTORSUPERMARKET
RF DEVICES
2N3375 3W 4 W MH, ...
2N3866 1W 4 W MHr
2N5589 3W 175 MHz
5 50
. 99
4 75
2N6590 !OW 175 MHz .....7.W
2NM)804W 175MHr ....... .5.40
2N6081 15W 175MHt ..... , 8 4 5
2N60112 25W 175 MHz. ...
10 95
2N6OR3 30W 175 MHz .... 12 30
ANTENNA
typical; pwr. 350 w. Kit $349

COMPONENTS
2N5591 25W 175 MHz. . I 0 9 5 2N60ffl40W 175 MHz .... 16 30
ea.-Assembled $439. HEAVY DUTY RECTIFIERS
200 Voll 100 Amp DO

Mod. 4220-3...4 cav. 220 MHz

200 Volt 2Y) Amp DO
1000 Volt 2 Amp S11.c
I I
insertion loss 0.6 db with 80 db 10.OW Volt SflfconR ~ l ! I n e rE-c. 65 m A ..............................
2 95 COAX CABLE TO MIL SPEC BY
isolation typical; pwr. 350 w. Kit ALDELCO KITS TIMES 6 ESSEX
-
$249 ea. Assembled $329.
D l g ~ l rClock
l Knt. Hours. Mfnuccs & Seconds. L a r p Hall Inch LED
readouts. Elapml t e r n vnd,caror 12 hour lormat wolh 24 hour
alarm Snmzr leaturr. AM PM ~ndncalor. Power Supply. powel
RG 8 / U . . . . . . $19/C
RG 8A/U . . . . . $20/C
farlure ~ndncatorComplete wnth w w d gram cablnct. $23 95
Mod. 4440-3...4 cav. 440 MHz, 2" Round 8 Ohm Spakers ................................................ 75 s&
RG 8 / U FOAM . . . . $22/C
insertion loss 0.6 db with 80 db 2%'' Round 1 W Ohm Swakerr ........................................... 1.00 each RG 11/U . . . . $14/C
isolation typical; pwr. 350 w. Kits 510pF Solver Mica Capac$lor%............................ 15erch RG 11A/U . . . . . $17/C
-
$249 ea. Assembled $329. MOS Time B n r Kit 50180 Hz
LED8
.........................
....... .... $5.95 RG 58A/U . . . . . $7/C
RG213 . . . . . .$23/C
Jumbo Rsd. Long or Shorl bulb ........................8 for 51 W
Mod. 30 Cavity Kits: 2 mtr. $65 ea., Jumbo Oranpe. G l e n . Clem Red or Green. ............... 5 lor 51 W RG 331/U . . . . . $45/C
209 SPrnes. Green. Orange. Yellow o, Red ............ 5 lor $1 W
220 MHz $65 ea., 440 MHz $65 ea.,; RL2 or Maoo Re lor S1 W ANTENNA WIRE . . . . $5/C
6 mtr. $115 ea. Add $15 for ZENERS RIBBON CABLE
Assembled Kit. 1N7461o l N 7 5 8 4 W Mwea. 25 IN472810 IN4764 1 w . ....35 24 AWG 20 COND. . . $.50/ft.
TC106B ........................ CA3028A Dol. Amo .........
1.65 S1.W
MPSA14. ...........................90 LM301 OP Amp .................55 RIBBON CABLE
Also available: 6 mtr., 4 cav. Kit 2N3055 ..........................99 LM309K Volt. Reg.............1.10 22 AWG 20 COND. . . $.75/ft.
MPF 102 FET......................45 LM380N A u d ~ nAmp. .........1.75
$399-Assembled $499, 2 mtr. 4 cav. 2 N m or 2N3906 ..... 1010'3
NE540L Power Drlver ....... 5.95 INS. OPEN LINE BROWN $5.50/C
Kit $244Assembled $329, 440 MHz 2N5496 or 2N6108 ................ 40
FT0601 FET NE561B PLL .......................
................99 4.95
TV Repeater Duplexer 40673 RCA FET ............. $1 55 NE562B PLL ............... 4 95 CONNECTORS
741 or 709 14 Ptn DIP ........25 N E M 5 A PLL .......................
2 50
555 Tomrr ......................75 LM709 Mtn DIP OP Amp ......45 PL 259 8 .60; SO 239 0 .60; PL
556 lDual 5551. .............. $1.75 LM741CE T 0 5 O P Amp ........
45
258 cn\ 1.00; UG 175/U @ .20;
200 Voll 25 Amp Brldqo .. $1.50
Only hand tools are necessary to IN914 IN4148........10 lor .99
14 or 16 Pon IC Sockets . 30
We have 7400 rcrocr IC's send 88/U @ .80; UG 1094/U cii, .65
assemble Kits! I N 3 4 . I N 6 0 1 N M ...10 for .99 slamp lo,
m quor. on .nr dmc. at .nv quanss an ,r.ms PoxNlrd m USA M,O
order 56 W Our ol USA send Clrt<f#.d D I r b or M0n.v 0rd.r tnrfud.
SHIPPED ANYWHERE IN U.S.A.
Send your order to: Distributor: mrl.(C ends1 OOmMsv r.rh.np. fa, VIA UPS
TUFTS RADIO, 386 Main St.,
Medford, Mass. 02155. Phone (617)
395-8280.
I WIRE CONCEPTS INC. I
(PricesF.0.B. Medtord, Mass. All unlts can be
shipped U.P.S.-C.O.D. orders requln, t50
2281H Babylon Tnpk., Merrtck, N Y 11566
deposit. -Mass. residents add 5% sales tax.) 15161 378-4555
I
118 october 1976 More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134
 RF POWER AMP
A single tuned output amplifier de-
signed to follow the OX or OF-1
OXOXILLATOR oscillator. Outputs up to 200 mw, de-
pending on frequency and voltage.
Amplifier can be amplitude mod-
ulated. 3 to 30 MHz. Cat. No. 035104
Spec* when ordering. Specify when ordering.

of freq with the

22 MHz, OF-1 LO,
to 60 MHz, OF-1

Shipping and postage (inside U.S., Canada and Mexico only)

will be prepaid by International. Prices quoted for U.S.,
Canada and Mexico orders only. Orders for shipment to other
countr~esw ~ lbe
l quoted on request. Address orders to:
MIS Dept., P.O. Box 32497,
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73132.
.OZO! Calibration Tolerance
MPENMEWTER CRYSTALS
(HC 6 l U Holder)

031080 3 to 20 MHz - for use in OX OSC Lo

Specify when ordering
031081 20 to 60 MHz - For use in OX OSC Hi
Specify when ordering
031300 3 to 20 MHz - For use in OF-1L OSC
Specify when ordering
031310 20 to 60 MHz - For use in OF-1H OSC International Crystal Mfg. Co., Inc.
10 North Lee
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73102

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134 october 1976 0 119

kt%& Alabama
LONG'S ELECTRONICS
~
Ham Radio's guide to help you find your loa
Florida
GRlCE ELECTRONICS
Maryland
COMM CENTER, INC.
9624 FT. MEADE ROAD
3521 TENTH AVE. NORTH 320 EAST GREGORY
BIRMINGHAM, AL 35234 PENSACOLA, FL 32502 LAUREL PLAZA RT. 198
800-633-3410 904-434-2481 LAUREL, M D 20810
Call us Toll Free t o place your order Your Gulf Coast Drake & Kenwood 301-792-0600
dealer. New 81 Used Amateur Equipment.
All Inquiries Invited.
California
COMMTECH ENTERPRISES
Illinois Massachusetts
13754 VICTORY BLVD. TUFTS RADlO ELECTRONICS
ERICKSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC. 386 MAIN STREET
VAN NUYS, CA 91401
5935 NORTH MILWAUKEE AVE. MEDFORD, MA 02155
213-988-2212
CHICAGO. I L 60646 617-395-8280
Headquarters for Yaesu, Kenwood,
312-631-5181 New England's friendliest
Drake, Icom, Collins, Atlas.
Headquarters for all your Amateur ham store.
Radio needs.
HAM RADIO OUTLET
999 HOWARD AVENUE
BURLINGAME, CA 94010
KLAUS RADIO, INC. Michigan
8400 NORTH PIONEER PARKWAY
415-342-5757 PEORIA, IL 61614 AUDIOLAND
Northern California's largest 309-691-4840 36633 SOUTH GRATIOT
new and used ham inventory. Let us quote your Amateur needs. MT. CLEMENS, M I 48043
313-791-1400
SPECTRONICS, INC. All major brands, newlused
HENRY RADlO equipment & accessories.
9 3 1 N. EUCLID AVE. 1009 GARFIELD STREET
ANAHEIM, CA 92801 OAK PARK, IL 60304 PURCHASE RADIO SUPPLY
714-772-9200 3 12-848-6777 327 E. HOOVER
The world's largest distributor of Chicagoland's Amateur Radio ANN ARBOR, M I 48104
Amateur Radio equipment. leader. 313-668-8696 or 668-8262
We still sell Ham parts1
HENRY RADlO CO., INC. RADlO SUPPLY & ENGINEERING
11240 W. OLYMPIC BLVD. Indiana 1203 WEST 1 4 MILE ROAD
LOS ANGELES, CA 90064 CLAWSON, M I 48017
213-477-6701 HOOSIER ELECTRONICS 3 13-435-5660
The world's largest distributor of P. 0. BOX 2001 10001 Charmers, Detroit, M I
Amateur Radio equipment TERRE HAUTE, IN 47802 48213, 313-371-9050.
812-238-1456
Ham Headquarters of the Midwest.
M-TRON Store in Meadow Shopping Center. Minneso ta
281 1 TELEGRAPH AVENUE
OAKLAND, CA 94609 ELECTRONIC CENTER, INC.
415-763-6262 127 THIRD AVENUE NORTH
We sewice what we sell. Kansas MINNEAPOLIS, M N 55401
612-371-5240
ASSOCIATED RADlO ECI is still your best buy.
QUEMENT ELECTRONICS
1000 SO. BASCOM AVENUE 8012 CONSER P.O.B. 4327
OVERLAND PARK, KS 66204
SAN JOSE, CA 95128
913-381-5901 Missouri
408-998-5900
Sewing the world's Radio Amateurs Amateur Radio's Top Dealer. HAM RADlO CENTER, INC.
since 1933. Buy - Sell - Trade. 8342 OLIVE BLVD.
P. 0. BOX 28271
ST. LOUIS, MO 63132
800-325-3636
Colorado Kentucky Call toll free.
-- -
-

C W ELECTRONIC SALES CO. COHOON AMATEUR SUPPLY MIDCOM ELECTRONICS, INC.

1401 BLAKE ST. HIGHWAY 475 2506 SO. BRENTWOOD BLVD.
DENVER, CO 80202 TRENTON, KY 42286 ST. LOUIS, MO 63144
303-573-1386 502-886-4535 314-961-9990
Rocky Mountain area's complete Ten-Tec dealer - Call 24 hours At Midcom you can try before you
ham radio distributor. for best deal buy!

120 october 1976

!mateur Radio Dealer
New Hampshire Ohio South Dakota
EVANS RADIO, INC. UNIVERSAL SERVICE BURGHARDT AMATEUR CENTER
BOX 893, RT. 3 A BOW JUNCTION 114 N. THIRD STREET 124 FIRST AVE. N.W. P.O. BOX 73
CONCORD, N H 03301 COLUMBUS, OH 43215 WATERTOWN, SD 57201
603-224-9961 614-221-2335 605-886-7314
lcom & Yaesu dealer. Give U.S. a try when ready t o buy. America's most reliable Amateur
We service what we sell. Radio Dealer - Nationwide!

New Jersey Oklahoma Texas

RADIO STORE, INC.
ATKINSON 81 SMITH, INC. 2102 SOUTHWEST 59th ST. ALTEC COMMUNICATIONS
1 7 LEWIS ST. (AT 59th & S. PENNSYLVANIA) 1800 S. GREEN STREET
EATONTOWN, NJ 07724 OKLAHOMA CITY, OK 73119 LONGVIEW, TX 75601
201-542-2447 405-682-2929 214-757-2831
Ham supplies since "55". New and used equipment - Specializing in ham equipment for
the Ark-La-Tex.
parts and supply.

TECO ELECTRONICS SUPER STORE

1717 S. JUPITER ROAD
New Mexico GARLAND, TX 75040
800-527-4642
JI'M'S TV AND ELECTRONICS
Oregon Call Toll Free for Service Today!
805 N. FIRST
GRANTS, NM 87020 OREGON HAM SALES
-

505-287-8148 409 WEST FIRST AVENUE

Stocking Icom. BAC & MC. ALBANY, OR 97321
Open 6 Days. 503-926-4591
Yaesu dealer for the Northwest. Virginia
ARCADE ELECTRONICS
7048 COLUMBIA PIKE
ANNANDALE, VA 22003
New York 703-256-4610
Pennsylvania Serving Maryland, D.C., and Virginia
ADIRONDACK RADIO SUPPLY, INC. area since 1962.
185 W. MAlN STREET ARTCO ELECTRONICS
AMSTERDAM, NY 12010 302 WYOMING AVE.
518-842-8350 KINGSTON, PA 18704
Yaesu dealer for the Northeast. 717-288-8585
The largest variety of crystals
CFP COMMUNICATIONS
in N. E. Penn. Washington
--

211 NORTH MAIN STREET

HORSEHEADS, NY 14845 ELECTRONIC EXCHANGE AMATEUR RADIO SUPPLY CO.
607-739-0187 136 N. MAlN STREET 6213 13TH AVE. SO.
Jim Beckett, WA2KTJ, Manager SOUDERTON, PA 18964 SEAllLE, WA 98108
Dave Flinn, W2CFP, Owner 215-723.1200 206-767-3222
New & Used Amateur Radio Amateur center of the
sales and service. Northwest.
GRAND CENTRAL RADIO
124 EAST 4 4 STREET - - -

NEW YORK, NY 10017 "HAM" BUERGER, INC.

212-682-3869 6 8 N. YORK ROAD
Drake, Atlas, Ten-Tec, Midland, WILLOW GROVE, PA 19090
Hy-Gain, Mosley in stock 215-659-5900 Wisconsin
Communications specialists.
Sales and service. AMATEUR
HARRISON
"HAM HEADQUARTERS, USA" ELECTRONIC SUPPLY, INC.
ROUTE 110 & SMITH STREET HAMTRONICS, INC. 4828 WEST FOND du LAC AVENUE
FARMINGDALE, L. I., N. Y. 11735 4033 BROWNSVILLE ROAD MILWAUKEE, WI 53216
516-293-7990 TREVOSE, PA 19047 414-442-4200
Since 1925 . . . Service, Satisfaction, 215-357-1400 Open Mon & Fri 9-9, Tues, Wed,
Savings. Try Us! Same location for 25 years. Thurs, 9-5:30, Sat, 9-3.

october 1 9 7 6 121
 mos
FOI

orida 33

-1..

112 PRICE SALE! Regardless of size of order

Better Than FT.IO1E
Your FT.101 + G3LLL's RF
Cltpper gives RF speech pr0ces-
slnq + extra recelve galn and
selectivity. Fils in minutes, send
for full details or order with
7400
Series
7439
7440
.45
.25
7496
74100
.90
1.50
74173
74174
1.70
1.90
74197
74198
1.00 MH
2.20 0025CN 2.00
0028CN 2.95 MEMORIES
M M l l O l N 2.10
confidence - Hundreds sold dl-
recl from Holdings Photo AudtO
7400 .17 7441 1.00 74107 .45 74175 1.90 74200 7.00 0026H 2.75 1000 1103N 4.00 Centre, 39/41 Mincing Lab?, G I L L L ' 5 RF Cltppr for
7401 .17 7442 1.00 74122 .50 74177 .90 OO26CG 4.00 S e r i e s 2602N 3.95 Blackburn. Eng: or wrlle W A 2 F T . l O 1 now only SW
7402 .17 7445 1.00 74123 1.00 74180 .95 7 4 S M 10102 .75 7489N 2.50 AOQ for duly ~nclustveprice. alr p a l pad.
7403 .17 7446 1.10 74141 1.10 74181 3.55 Series A H 10105 .75 8223N 3.00
7406 .45 7448 1.15 74145 1.10 74182 .95 74574 1.00 00140 9.00 10106 .75 8225N 2.50
7410 .17 7454 .35 74151 1.25 74184 2.25 74586 1.75 0014CD 4.00 10107 .75 5260N 3.85
7413 .75 7460 .25 74153 1.40 74185 2.25 745112 1.95 0151CO 4.50 10109 .75 5230N 4.50
7417 .45 7472 .40 74155 1.25 74189 3.00 745113 1.50 0126CD 4.50 10110 .75 5725N 3.95 12 B u t t o n touch-tone p a d s calibrated a n d
7425 .35 7473 .40 74157 1.40 74190 1.50 745151 1.50 10111 .75 5736N 4.95 g u a r a n t e e d 90 d a y s ( a b u s e e x c l u d e d ) w l t h
7426 .35 7474 .45 74161 1.55 74191 1.50 745153 2.25 DH 10112 .75 5738N 4.25 d~agram f 14.00
7430 .25 7475 .80 74162 1.45 74192 1.25 745157 1.95 OOO8CH 3.50 10117 .75 Attractwe plastic mounting b o x wlth
7432 .25 7476 .45 74163 2.40 74193 1.25 745200 7.95 OOllH 7.00 10118 .75 8TZO 1.75
1.10 74164 2.40 74195 1.00 OOl6CN 2.75 10119 .75 brackets $4.75
7437 .45 7483 C o m p l e t e w o r k i n g s y s t e m r e a d y t o con.
7438 .45 7492 .90 74170 2.90 74196 1.25 0017N 2.50 10121 .75 nect t o your transmatter f 24.95
1. Add 50e for postage & handling on orders under $10.
WEIRNU 2. All items guaranteed. 3. Send SASE for Bargain Flyer. TELEPHONE EQUIPMENT COMPANY
4. SEND YOUR ORDER ALONG W I T H CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO: WEIRNU. Post Office Box 596, Leesburg, F l o r ~ d a32748
PO Box 942, Colton, CA 92324 P. 0. Box 942, Collon, CA 92324 (Calif. residenls include 6% Lax). (904) 728-2730

sensations wicet
Superb lit]
95 A counter-otter you can't nefuse! It's Irock-bottom
69-119
(30mn.z Kit) ,250mHz KIO
price and sky-high quality rniake it your best buy!
We've proved it to thousand!;.Let US prtwe it toyou!
50, 744 & 220MHZ modek;
&MGm FREQUENCY 100mHz Readout
- -
Ham. CB, & Commercial Bands 1 wait mm. o@ut
-1HzOptional Master Chg./B. Anrericard OK
Crysta11 Time-Base Add $2 Shipping Compbibk wd4 HF SSB equ@
All coun~terscan be factory win3d and test(d. $729.50
Write or call today!
~ f D#
2:DUTx(J ~ ~ . YHF S@l Co.
84601 ( 588 2246 Beech St
A bud 79956 (302) 8462691
122 october 1976 More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134
 ~SH~~UT~
.
.
. ... .
....
.
...
.
.
...
.
.
...
.
.
...
.
.
...
.
.. ; w:
EXPAND YOUR COVERAGE
WITH THIS 150 WATT OUTPUT
RF AMPLIFIER
All solid state IStrip line design POWER GAIN: PA 140/10 ....
12DB PA 140130. .. .7DB
Broad band / High efficiency INPUT POWER: PA 140110 ... . 5 to 15 watts
PA 140130. . . . 15 to 40 watts
Easily added t o your present system.
INPUT VOLTAGE: 12 to 14 volts DC negative ground
Power boosters for 2 meters, Class C using NOMINAL INPUT CURRENT: PA 140110 . . . . 22 Amps
balanced emitter transistors for long life and high PA 140130 . . . . 18 Amps
SWR protection. For FM mobile or fixed STANDBY CURRENT: Virtually insignificant
operation. INSERTION LOSS: Less than 1 DB on receive
PA140110 5-15 watts in for 100-150watts out DUTY CYCLE: 50% or less
@ 13.6 volts Typically 140 watts RF sensing relay switched
for 10 watts in DIMENSIONS: 7" x 10-112" x 2-718"
PA140130 15-40 watts in for 100-150 watts WEIGHT: 4 Ibs.
out @ 13.6 volts Typically 140 PRICES
watts for 30 watts in PA 140110.. .................. $179.95 wired and tested
PA 140130 .................... $159.95 wired and tested

NEED TO POWER YOUR 25-35 WATT TRANSCEIVER AND YOUR Just Look At These Features:
PA 140/30 OR PA 140/10? NOW A V A I L A B L E . . . a over-voltwe orotection crowbar.
OUR PS 3012.. . ~lectrostaiic' shield for added
transient surge protection.
A foldback output limiter
THE BRUTE operates for loads outside of the
operating range.
At last a brute of a power supply that will Isolation from ground. The circuit
deliver regulated 11-14VDC at 30 amp is isolated from the case and
and at a very affordable price. The ground.
1151230 volt input - 50160
PS3012 is a ruggedly built, fully cycle.
protected power supply. This is the Units are factory wired for 115
power supply that is destined to become volt AC, 50160 cycle power. A
simple jumper will reconfigure the
the standard of the industry. input for 2 3 0 volt AC, 50160
PS 3 0 1 2 . .... Price $ 2 3 9 . 9 5 . . ...Wired & Tested cycles.
a Temperature range - operating:
Other models available.
PS 25C.. ..25 amps at 12VDC . . . . . . . . . . . Wired, $149.95 Kit, $123.95 0 0 to 60° C.
PS 15C.. .. 15 amps, l2VDC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wired, $94.95 Kit, $74.95 Black finish'

THEWORLD'SMOSTCOMPLETELINE ,'-'-----------------------
OKDCK FORM
~ I ~ I P P I N C INFORhtA
OF
-
VHF F M K I T S AND EQUIPMENT
I llem P r l ~ , Each Ournl#tv T u l r l Prtrr T l O N All \hlpmrnl\ rrr
rou to^ N I
1140.' S I r t ~ m t n l \ v8ll br
I mrd, b, Ihr nruu L,>""f"
mcthod P l r t v mrludr
5ullrrtcnl lundb l u lu>rt
\hei>ptny and 1,~ndlroy. l ng
u,, rhlppln* lhrrycr on r
wcnghl 01 6 Ih, t l ~ l P A
130 I 0 1 0 Ih, tor
PS10I: Allow 1 lu 4
wcrhr lo, drllrcri
I L K M 5 C 0 U , rr%n or
Tolal t h c t h wtlh 0rd.l Wr . I s
acrcnl 0lnkArncllr.rd md
hlrucr Ch~ryc
Sh~pp~ng LL AIMS N<IIII* V H t und
I ~ C r a t f l ~ t 01 Jdrnag~~1111
N Y S Restden1
10 rrrrn (71 d r ) \ o l rrtrlpl
S a l e sT u 01 lhlPrnrnl
Tola1 R E T U R N 5 Obldln rulhor
1,&18on lrum V H I bclnrc
ZIP Enclosed rclurnln* drab ~ n r r r h a n d ~ \ r
PRICLS AND S P c c i r l c *
1 IONS Subtr'l lo ~ h r n g r
r l t h u u l nola<r
Lxpor! nracr, are %Itphll$
Exptnt#onDale tttyhru .

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134 october 1976 123

 with a CRYSTAL TIMEBASE accurate to .O1
percent. 12 volts d.c. operation - built in noise
suppression and voltage spike protection. Read-
outs blank when ignition is off - draws 25 mA in
standby mode. Has .3 in. readouts. Use it in your
car or for all applicationswhere a battery-operated

WITH BLACK PLASTIC CASE $34.95 ppd.

WITHOUT CASE
ASSEMBLED AND TESTED
CMOS CRYSTAL TIMEBASE KITS with .O1
percent accuracy. 5 1 5 v.d.c. operation. Draw
only 3 mA at 12 volts. Single I.C. - very small
size - the P.C. board is 718" x 1-518". C h o w a
main output of 50 or 100 Hz., 60 Hz., 500 or
1000 Hz., or 1 Hz. Several related frequencies are
also available on each board, in eddition to the
main ones listed above, Be sure to specify the
Frequency you want. All kits are $10.95 ppd.

The Black Cat@JB 2000 10B0 linear

amplifier delivers the power you need and
rugged performance you can count on.
Designed and built with the same quality
craftsmanship and pride that backs every
Black Cat@product,the JB2000 10/80 lets you
pc design template
stay up as long as you like, whenever you like.
Containing a l2OVAC - 240VAC, Solid
State self contained power supply, with a
power input of 2000 watts PEP SSB, the JB
2000 10/80 linear amplifier greatly increases
your signal. Whether building a new station or
renovating an old, the Black Cat@JB 2000
10/80 is the perfect addition to any ham
operator's equipment roster. The new PC Designer template set has been
updated to ~nclude addit~onal, frequently used
Also included in the Black Cat@line of component packages and mounting patterns for
durable and dependable ham accessories is printed-circuit layouts and assembly drawings. All
the test equipment to insure that you stay on patterns conform to guidelines established by Mil-Std
the air: the JB 1000 Dummy Load, JB 1000 SM 275C and The Institute of Printed Circuits bulletin
OsciIloscope/RF Wattmeter/SWR Bridge, and CM-770. Component mounting patterns are on grid
JB 2000 SW Power Meter/SWR Bridge. centers which enable the designer to design for auto-

8 WAWASEE
For complete information on all matic insertion assembly equipment.
Black Cat@products, contact your Fixed and variable resistors, axial and radial lead
nearest Black Cat@dealer, or write:
capacitors, and several semi-conductor packages are
included. Template use reduces circuit-board design
-
- time by eliminating constant referral to manuals and
data sheets for package dimensions. The template sets
ELECTRONICS
"HOME OF BLACK CAT" PRODUCTS
are available from stock in actual, twice, and four
times size layout ratios and are priced from $12.00 to
$20.00 per set.
Wawasee Electronics Co., Inc.
Write: TANGENT TEMPLATE, INC.
P.O. Box 36 Syracuse, Indiana 46567
Phone: (219) 457-3191
Post Office Box 20704
San Diego, California 92120
C

124 october 1976 More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134

For Spare Time Income, Your Own Business or a Career ...
LEARN TO SERVICE
COMMUNICATIONS/CB
EQUIPMENe,..THE NRI WAY
Career opportunities are
opening up fast Course now available
for the man trained NRI now offers a special course in C B
in ctmmuni~ations. Servicing. You get 37 lessons, 8 reference
texts, your own C B Transceiver. AC power
The field of communications is bursting supply and multimeter . . . for hands-on
out all over. In Gtizens Band alone, training. Also included are 1 4 coaching
class " D licenses grew from 1 to over units to make it easy to get your
2.6 million in 1975, and the FCC commercial radio telephone FCC
projects about 15 million U.S. CEYers by license4nabling you to test, install and
1979. That service communications equipment.
means countless

now, the Nlil way, to get Send for the free NRI catalog and discover
your FCC license and why more than a million men like yourself
qualify for one of p r o p m includes 48 have chosen the NRI way the right way to
these openings. lessons. 9 special reference texts, and get Read how you learn from bite-
10 tmining kits. Also included are: size lessons. progressing at your own speed
your own electronics Discovq Lab, to your FCC license and then into the
a new Antenna A!J~lications Lab, an communications field of your choice.
400-channe1, digitally %tical Transmission %em, CMOS There's no obligation and no salesman
Digital Frequency Counter, and 7VOM. will call.
synthesized VHF Tr-. The course covers AM and FM Trans-
The NRI Complete Communications mission Systems; Radar Principles; Marine,
Course teaches you to service and adjust Aircraft, and Digital Electronics; and Mobile Send coupon
all types of two-way radio equipment Communications. You must earn your first now for
(including CB), using the one unit that class radio telephone FCC license or you
is best equipped to train you for CR, get your money back. F E E NRI catalog

I NRl SCHOOLS
I Rush the free catalog of my choice (select McGrow H~llCont~nu~ng Educohon Center
1 only one, please). No salesman will call 3939 W~scons~nAvenue.
Wash~ngton.D C 20016

I
F C C I0rc.nv.r .
I Cornplclc. Cornmun~<~~uonr

CR Swctn1r5ts Courrr
Elertton~rswatt) CR
A ~ r r r o lMobile
~ Mormr tlrrtronur r
APPROVED UNDW GI B I U 11laken lor r n r ~ r rpurpnur.

( I 1V Audio Srrvor~ng
A,,'. I
If coupon is missing. I Choow from 5 < ourrrr -- -

write to: NRI Schools, ' I Appllonr~Scrvlcanq

Homeowner 8 Prnf~\rnonolRPIXI~I~
I
McGraw-Hill 1 I Aulornol~vc-Mechon!r\
Master Autornotwe Trchntcton Tunr Up nnd
Continuing Education
Center, 3939 '
Pepotrs
Ru5s
I
1
I Auto Arr Condrtoonnnq C,l"/Sl,,lr.lZ,o -- -
I
Wisconsin Avenue,
Washington, (
1 i Atr Condtl~on~ng B K~lr~gerolnon
.
R>rjc Aor Condtllontnq Sr.rv~r~ng Mos1f.r Cottrre tn Aor
R Hpotang
Conrl~loontng,Rrlt~pernl~on
Ar, r r ~ r l r dM ~ r n b rNol~onol
~ I i o m r ilrlrlv 11 I
D.C. 20016 I I

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134 october 1976 125

 HEARD

counter you
- 4-1
a..bra,l
I*.,
THE
GOOD 3
can count on '- bz-t: WORD
New 3001600 Mhz Digital Frequency Counters are i n a class b y them- "You can order books
selves when it comes t o reliability, accuracy and performance.
from HAM RADIO
Quality features include f u l l 7 digit display panel w i t h large LED read-
outs, resolution t o .lHZ, high input sensitivity, automatic l i m i t o n in- on their NEW
put, controlled time base, selectable gate times .I sec., 1 sec. and 10
sec. and high stability time base options available. TOLL FREE NUMBER."
Complete K i t includes all parts, drilled and plated PC boards, cabinet,
switches, hardware and a complete Instruction Manual including calibra-
t i o n instructions.
800-258-5353
SPEC1FICATIONS TO
- - ORDER
----------------
Input Impedence: Direct HI-2, Pre-scaled 5 0 1 sendcheck or money order
Sensitivity: 50 mv120MHZ 150 $129.00 for Model 300
rnv120OMHZ 200 m v l I K i t ( 1 H Z t o 300Mhz)
6OOMHZ
$179.00 for Model 600 K i t
Time Base: 1 0 Mhz crystal oscillator I ( 1 H Z t o 6OOMhz)
Stability: I
25 to 40 I For preassembled and tested units
Standard
2pprn 15 to 55 1 $199.00 Model 300
TXCO*
Frequency Range: Model 300 1HZ t o 300 1 $249'00 600
M ~ Z ;NAME
Model 600 1HZ t o 600
M ~ Z :ADDRESS
Resolution: 0.1 second gate I CITY
1.0 second gate 3rd Edition
10.0 second gate* by D. S. Evans, G3RPE
Power: 120 VAC 25 Watts l ZIP & G. R. Jcssop, G6JP
12 VDC*
Cabinet Size: 8" x 8 x 2%"
I
((CALL) -- -- -- Here is the most comprehensive and
I
------------------ up-to-date book on VHF & UHF ever
"Optional prepared for the Rad~oAmateur.
I n over 400 pages it thoroughly
Send check or money order to: I covers such t o p ~ c sas receivers,
transmitters, space communica-
tions, filters, antennas and FM. In-
cluded is a major new section on
Microwave work.
This latest edition is a handsome
LBI~~.
13 Euclid Ave., Newark N.J.07105 (201) 5 8 9 - 4 6 4 7 2 hardbound book and is sure to be-
come the standard reference for

BOOKS BY PHONE anyone involved in the world above

30 MHz.

CALL TOLL FREE ONL Y $12.95

Almost all popular

Amateur Radio Books GIVE US A CALL
available for immediate TODA Y!
shipment.

HAM RADIO HAM RADIO

fl
GREENVILLE, NH 03048 GREENVILLE, N. H. 03048

126 october 1976 More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134

 SENSATIONAL
PROFESSIONAL

3 for $2.00 - 10 for $5.00.

VIDEO P R E A M P S
you lse a rubber stamp Originally made
to stamp messages on for CARTAVlSlON
paper, you stamp your VIDEO TAPE SYS-
component connections on T E M . Has many

I. CI* DUEL I* LlM IC

I n your "STAMP
ETCH IT" ki* *P su
all componelat sta
shown ~n SE.2 Kit. in 2 " ~4" .25 .35
SE-2 k i t we also h 2 " ~6" .35 .45
resist ink enough 3 " ~6" .50 .65
*. ~ 0 . 1 8 Tunurnon socm months and months

PLUS I= '"0
=.n~rn ONLY

RAINBOW INDUSTR
Indianapolis, Indiana 46
-
PLEASE ADD POSTAGE

THUMBWHEEL SWITCHES

,..............mz >,""?
11
18
10
10
Po..
Pos.
o.cim.1. 2 Pol*
BCD Comp. O n l y
18A 10 Po.. ICO Comp. E a t . Dd.
11 10 Pos. ICO O n l y
21A 10 Pos. BCO. E a t . I d .

4 1 1 Po.. 0.clm.l
55 16 Po.. Decimal

HW-202 SCANNER ELECTRONIC KEYER

&."msr fwm E V E R

,
.
*No holes to drill. Easy installation.
*Doesn't interfere with tone encoder.
- '3-50 WPM. >+=
*Mounts neatly over power board. *Self-completing d o t s and dashes.
9

(3;' ;
completely inside radio. *Has speed control.
*Six bri&t L.E.D.3 visible through *Has automatic weight control. j-,-;
semi-transparent meter panel. *Built-in side tone t o drive small speaker. J
*Stops scanning when either signal is *Use directly with grid block keying or add relay
heard o r manual selection is made. \..' ,' ,, -. (not included) as per instructions t o key any

-3
. >',(
'Built-in squelch addition eliminates transmitter.
all noise when scanner is scanning.
*Designed especially for your HW-202.
*Assembled.
'. 18 *Use 3 penlight cells.
*Solder plated board. Instructions included.
*Just add your key, batteries and speaker.

Designed by WB4QDB - Georgia Residents Include 3%Sales Tax Kit-$1 2.97 ppd.
ONLY
$25.95 ppd. SANDLIN ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
P. 0. Ilox 4 9 0 9 1 Martinez. Georgia 30907 / Telephone (404) 863-5852
A~mb1ed-~16~97ppd~

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134 october 1976 127

 TOLL FREE
@ CLOSE ! @
1976OUT
ATTEND THE ARRL
FLORIDA SECTION CONVENTION
complete details see our 113 page
ad in the April 1976 issue of this
I HAM RADIO, Greenville, NH 03048 1 NOV. 6 AND 7 AT THE
SHERATON SAND KEY HOTEL
maeazine or call or write for addi-
ON THE GULF, AT

I
tional information. Phone orders
accepted between 9 AM and 4 PM
EDT. (212)
. . 468-2720 II I( NEW ELECTRONJC PARTS
Rcr$rlorl
Caosaloo
Mmerr L E U Dlrtllav, Fuwr
Sw~lcher Prolo Boards IC rockets
CLEARWATER BEACH, FLORIDA
Complete family entertainment, with

I
Diodes Dozv Boxer Mod U Ltne Test Cltps tours t o t h e area attractions such as
Disney World and Busch Gardens, p l u s
VANGUARD LABS "I~WIS T r n ~ t mHardware Anhuchmw*.
SASE brlnqs our new parts catalog. Hotel facilit~es. HAMS HAVE MORE FUN
also, w ~ t h the best T e c h n ~ c a l Sesslons
196-23 JAMAICA AVENUE Nu Da / a Elec/rotiics
P10111C1.1111NOlS
104 # 1 1 1 1 5 0 * 51. I # O U N l LOOSL
yet i n t h e Southeast. Forums abound,
with John Johnson. K3BNS chairing t h e
HOLLIS, N. Y. 11423 FCC Forum. FCC exams glven at t h e
Hotel Nov. 61 Send Form 610 and $4 t o
FCC, Zack St.. Tampa. FI. 33602. t o re-
serve your exam. ARRL Pres~dent Dan.
nals will highlight t h e festlvltles a t a

i YAESU INTRODUCTORY SPECIAL j

I I
gala Banquet Saturday evening, with a
"Special Feature" unearthed f r o m LeW
McCoy WIICP. A complete Drake station
(TR4C ' RV.4 AC4) is the m a i n Conven.
tion &ize, i i t h a TEN-TEC Argonaut 509
I
I
I
This SPECIAL OFFER is valid only j as the m a i n Banquet prize.
I
I during October 1976. Don't miss out! j Advanced Registration:
I
I will buy not only a brand $3 family ticket (2 bonus tickets)
I
I
I
I
tI
I
$74g00 new YAESU FT-lO1E but
also two very popular ac-
cessories (valued at $64.00). This pur-
!
:
I
Banquet tickets:
$9 person (limit 400 persons)
Hotel:
I
I chase will include a CW filter and a fan. I $25 Single or Double, $4 per per-
I
I Order yours today. (N. Y. residents add son extra, under 18 free.
I
I sales tax.) I
I I
Write: Florida Gulf Coast
i JirnBeckett
C F P COMMUNlCATlONS
Expanded Store Hwn
Tuer.-Thurs. 10:Oo-7:M) p.m.
I

1 Amateur Radio Council, Inc.

! WA2KTJ Fri. 10:oo-9:00 p.m. ,
Sat. 10:OO-7:00 p.m. i P. 0. Box 157
j
m]
2 1 1 NORTH M A I N STREET
Bryant Hozernpa Fri. & Sat subject to tI
1 WB2Lw H o R s E H m O s s N. y - 14&15 Hamfest &kendl I Cleamater, FL. 33517
! PHONE: 607-739-0187 I, Closed Sun. & Ha. I

128 october 1976 More Details? CHECK-OF F Page 134

 Convert Morse, R l l Y and ASCII to Video
MODEL 100 TRI-MODE CONVERTER
Based on the powerful F-8 Microprocessor system, this new product from
I nfo-Tech advanced technology features:
Morse reception with Automatic Speed and Wordspace
RTTY reception with four manually selected speeds and automatic
readout of incoming speed (requires T.U. for demodulation)
@ASCIIreception at 100 w.p.m. (110 baud); (requires T.U. for demodulation)
Video Display: Model 100A-32 characters x 16 lines of 5 x 7 DOT
matrix with scrolling
Model 100 B (optional)-64 characters x 16 lines with scrolling

PRICE. Model 100 A- $450.00 (wired & tested)

Model 100 B- 495.00 (wired & tested)

Master Charge Welcome Send for Data Sheets

INFO~ECHI1NCORPORATED 20 Worthington Drive,

specia/izing in ~ i g i t aElectronic
St. Louis, Missouri 63043
l s~~~~~~
Phone: 314-576-5489

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134 october 1976 129

 Vintage Radio Has
Great Books For You!
Relax With A Time Trip To Yesterday!
Thousands have already discovered the pleasure of
owning Vintage Radio books. You too can enjoy brows- his ship, visit G. I. Joe in his foxhole with his handy-
ing through those pioneer days of wireless and radio. talkie set, and meet the radio "Ham" in his shack.
You'll recapture the excitement of wireless days even These experiences and many more await you in
though they were long before your time. You'll see Vintage Radio's family of books. Young or old, you'll
fine old battery radios of the 1920's, and rediscover be fascinated by your journey through those earlier
"cathedral" radios of the 1930's. You'll relive the dawn days. You'll also discover the fun and rewards of col-
of radio broadcasting, visit the radio operator aboard lecting old-time radio sets and memorabilia.

1921-1932
RADIO
COLLECTOR'S
GUIDE Own this authentic reproduction of Gernsback's clas-
sic. Browse through radio's heroes (who's Marconi?)
This book makes you an "instant expert" as you go
and hardware (what's a coherer?) of the old days.
prospecting for those fine old radios. I t eliminates
175 fascinating pages. Our hard-cover version is a
guesswork in determining a set's age and "pedigree."
serialized limited edition, an ideal gift.
There are 264 Daaes loaded with over 50.000 facts
on 9,000 radio h G e l s made by 1,100 manufacturers. sort cover Only $10.95
t $6.95 Deluxe Hard Cover Only $14.95

A FLICK OF VINTAGE RADIO

THE SWITCH 1887-1929
1930-195
Here's your time trip through the great days of You'll enjoy this fascinating pictorial story of pioneer
radio broadcasting and the dawn of television. Re- days in wireless and radio. Relive the days of Mar-
v i s ~ tthe Lone Ranger, Phllco "cathedral" radtos, old coni, old spark transmttters, and the struggles of
"Ham" days and many more. You'll revel In 312 early radio broadcasttng. It's the radio collector's
pages of story, old ads and over 1,000 pictures. reference, with over 1,000 ptctures on 263 pages.
soft cover Only $8.95 sort cover Only $8.95
Hard Cover Only $10.95 Hard Cover Only $10.95
MOST-OFTEN-NEEDED 1926-1938 DIAGRAMS
This reprint af Morris Bettrnan's Supreme Publtcatlons
book shows clrcu~tdiagrams for 600 radio models. Its
240 pages are valuable for historical circutt information,

Please add 2% per book postage and handllng

I PALMER INDUSTRIES
INTRODUCES
THE

THE FM LEADER
I
2METER @EW 220 MHz
6 METER %TI440 MHz
FEATURING T H E . . .
[rn HR-2B The Master in 2 Meter FM
7'
Positive performance at a
practical price makes our
H R-2B tops on 2 meters.
Individual trimmer capacitors
give bull's-eye accuracy for
working repeaters or point-to-

I
12 Channels point. he . 3 5 p ~sensitivity and
15 Watts Hi/Lo power switch insure your
hearing and being heard . . . clearly
$22900 Net and reliably . . . the Regency way.

.. . A N D THE
UHF-The Ultimate in FM

440 is fresh . . . it's new . . .

and with our HR 440 you can
use UHF without using-up your
budget. So, pioneer some new
ground ! Put a compact H R 440
under your dash or at your desk.
:'s the best way to usher yourself
10 Watts into UHF.
$34900Amateur Net

1 3 9 0 0 San Fernando Road Glendale. C a l ~ l .9 1 2 0 4

,2131 241-1331
C - ~ ~
@ 1976 *...,-.~ ,n~ E L E C T R O INC.
. .8 ...#(.
N ~ 7707
st.,.
C JRecords
. Street
Indianapolis, Indiana 46226

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134 october 1976 131

 MICROPROCESSOR BOOKS
FROM ADAM OSBORNE
INTRODUCTION TO MICROCOMPUTERS -
Volume I Basic Concepts
by Adam Osbome
Takes you by the hand from elementary logic and simple binary arith-
metic through concepts shared by all microcomputers. You learn how
t o take an idea that may need a microcomputer and create a product
that uses one. This book is complete. Every aspect of microcomputers
is covered: the logic devices that constitute a microcomputer system;
communicating with the external logic via interrupts, direct memory
access, and serial or parallel 110; microprogramming and macro-
programming; assemblers and assembler directions; linking and re-
location - everything you need to know to start selecting or using a
microcomputer.
Order AO-2001
Just $7.50

INTRODUCTION TO MICROCOMPUTERS -
Volume II Some Real Problems
by Adam Osborne
Covers real microcomputers in considerable detail. Every major micro-
computer: 4-bit, 8-bit or 16-bit is described including some soon to be
announced products. Major chip slice products are also covered; more
than 20 microcomputers in all.
Included is material on the following:
- 8259 Priority Interrupt Control Unit from lntel
- 8253 Programmable Counter Timer from Intel
- 8257 Direct Memory Access control devices
from lntel
- 6028 Priority lnterrupt Controller from Motorola
- 6875 USART from Motorola
- M6700 single chip microcomputer from Motorola
- 10800 family of chip slice logic from Motorola
Call Toll Free -
-
Single chip F-8 from Fairchild
EA9002 microprocessor from Electronic Arrays
800-258-5353 Order AO-3001 PIUS others
Only $7.50
8 AM TO 10 PM
E a s t e r n T i m e (Gg:C )
MONDAY-FRIDAY 8080 PROGRAMMING FOR LOGIC DESIGN
by Adam Osborne
8:30 AM - 4:30 PM Saturday
A completely new book on a totally new subject: implementing digital
and combinatorial logic using assembly language within an 8080 micro-
computer system. What happens to fan-in and fan-out? How do you
implement a one-shot? This book simulates well known digital logic
devices using assembly language. Next it shows you how to simulate
an entire schematic, device by device, keeping the assembly language
simulation as close t o the digital logic as possible. But that is the
wrong way to use a microcomputer; the book explains why. Then
shows you the correct way.
Order AO-4001
Just $7.50

Order from HAM RADIO, Greenville, NH 03048

 ARRL HUDSON DIVISION CONVENTION
NOVEMBER 13-14, 1976
SHANGRI-LA '76
PLAYBOY RESORT & COUNTRY CLUB
AT GREAT GORGE

McAFEE, NEW JERSEY

SPONSORED BY THE HUDSON AMATEUR RADIO COUNCIL, INC.

. .
A DYNAMITE HOTEL.. A SIZZLING PROGRAM.. A BLAST OF A CONVENTION.. .
BANQUET: SPEAKER--JEAN SHEPHERD, K20RS
PROGRESS THRU: EDUCATION TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE PUBLIC SERVICE

FOR ALL FOR THE HAM

-
INDOOR SWIMMING SAUNA-WORLD'S LARGEST ANTENNAS-ARPSC a AREC-ARRL h FCC FORUMS-
WHIRLPOOL-TENNIS-RIDING-GOLF-FREE DAY CAMP ATV-CONTEST-CAC-CONSUMER FORUM-DX-FAX-
FOR .4 YEAR OLDS & UP-BABYSITTERS AVAILABLE.. . FM & REPEATERS-LAW-MARS-MICROPROCESSING &
HAM APPLICATION-OSCAR-PUBLIC RELATIONS-QRP-
EATING AT THE DELI, BUFFET IN THE LIVING ROOM, RTTY-SOLID STATE-TECH. MOVIES-TRAINING-
SIT UNDER A FORTY-FIVE FOOT TREE IN THE SIDEWALK VHF-UHF-YLRL
CAFE, DINNER IN THE PENTHOUSE OR PLAYBOY CLUB
.
OR THE VIP ROOM.. UNBELIEVABLE BUT TRUE,
.
MANUFACTURERS EXHIBIT AREA.. LATEST GEAR
TAKE YOUR UCENSE UPGRADE TEST AT THE CONVENTION
PLUS LIVE BROADWAY ENTERTAINMENT AND A THREE SEND FORM 610 WITH CHECK OR M.O. MADE OUT TO F.C.C.
.
LEVEL GAME ROOM.. STAY FOR A FEW NIGHTS 1 WEEK IN ADVANCE TO: PAUL MAZER. 70-29 KISSENA
AND HAVE A REALLY SUPER VACATION.. .. BLVD., FLUSHING, N.Y. 11365

GIANT INDOOR FLEA MARKET

SELLERS: ONE DAY-$8.00, TWO DAYS--$15.00, PLUS CONVENTION REGISTRATION
)R FLEA MARKET TABLE RESERVATIONS: WRITE P.O. BOX 1054, PASSAIC, NEW JERSEY 0705!

SPECIAL CONVENTION HOTEL RATES: $36.00 PER NIGHT FOR TWO, $8.00 EACH ADDITIONAL PERSON IN THE
ROOM. $32.00 PER NIGHT FOR A SINGLE ROOM.

playboy RESORT AN^ COUNTRY club HOTEL RESERVATIONS:

CALL DIRECT 800-621-1 116
w OR CHECK BOX ON CONVENTION
REGISTRATION FORM.. ..
REGISTER EARLY IN ORDER TO GET GROUP SEATING AT THE BANQUET
.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r0: ALPIDDINGTON, WA2FAK, 4 ACORN DRIVE
EAST NORTHPORT, N.Y. 11731 (516-261-3285) NAME

4dvance Ham Registrations -@ $3.00 ($4.00 at door)

ADDRESS
Saturday Night Banquet Tickets -@ $15.00 ($16.00 at door)
Please send Hotel Reservation form(s) - CITY S T A T E L I P

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134 october 1976 133

AqerTi~ers V
check-off
- 128
112
108
118
97
94
92
J. P. Ashcraf 88
Atlas Radio 81
Atronlcs 104

_-
--
---
----
-..-
-1 .-
,
--- - ---
I

.
Bauman
Barry
B u d w l g Mfg. Co.
Bullet
100
100
104
115
--
-
-4

__-- :"-I--- I Byte P u b l ~ c a t ~ a n sInc.

CFP C o m m u n ~ c a t l o n s
. 101
128
- _ - .--
------ CHM Products. Inc. 106

_---
Cal Com Systems. Inc. 104
-- --Am,
Chaney's Etectron~cs
Ctrcutt Destgn. DIV of E 6. L
Clegg C o m n ~ u n ~ c a t l o nCorp.
s
112
93
83
Cleng Electronics 94
Cleveland Instolute of E l e c t r o n ~ c s 118
C o m m u n t c a t ~ o n s Englneerlng 90
C o m m u n ~ c a t ~ o nSpeclallsts
s 102. 103
D R C o r b ~ nMfg. 114
Crescent Ware & C 126
Cush C r a f t 135
Cygnus Quasar Boo 92
D D Enterprises 96

I
Data S ~ g n a l . Inc. 89
Davls Electron~cs 90
Oentron Radto Co 7

nothing
There's
DISC-Cap
Drake C o . R L.
DuPage FM
D y n a r n ~ c Electronics
116
59
84
104

like it
Ehrhorn Technolog~cal Operations 51
Electronic D ~ s t r ~ b u t o r s 75
Electrospace 114
ELPROCON 96
E r ~ c k s o n Comrnunicat~ons 114
Ftve None Plus 98
Fred Franke. Inc. 94
General A v ~ a t i o n 107
RADIO AMATEUR
callbaak
Galfer Assoctates 111
Gray E l e c l r o n ~ c s 108
Gtegory Electronics 106
Hal C o m m u n ~ c a t ~ o nCorp.
s 2, 98
Hal T r o n ~ x 100
H a m Radlo 126, 130. 132
H a m Radlo Center. Inc. 95
Hamtronlcs. Inc. 98
Respected worldwide as Heath Company
Henry R a d ~ oStores Cover II
Holdtngs 122
the only complete authority Hoslelt Electron~cs
Hudson D ~ v ~ s ~ARRL o n Convent~on
114
133
Hufco 88. 102. 108. 122
for radio amateur Hv Galn Electronics Coro. 87

QSL and QTH information. Inlo.Tech

I n t e r n a t ~ o n a lCrystal
James Electron~cs
Jan Cwstals
Janel cabs
Kensco Cornrnunlcat~ons. Inc.
The U. S. Callbook has nearly Trlo Kenwood C o m r n u n ~ c a t ~ o n sInc
.
Kester Solder
Klaus Radlo
300,000 W & K listings. It lists Lon Corporation
Loglc Systems. Inc.
calls, license classes, names Lvle Products
M & D Electronlcs
MFJ Enterpr~ses
and addresses plus the many MHz Electronlcs
Madoson Electronlcs Supply
Matrlc
valuable back-up charts and M Tech
N a t ~ c n a Multiplex
l Corp
references you come to expect N a t ~ o n a lRadoo lnstotute
New Tronocs Cor
Nexus Tradlng t k r n p a n y
from the Callbook. Northshore RF Technology
NuData Electron~cs
Optoelectronics
Palomar Engineers
Specialize in DX? Then you're Partrodge (HR) Electronlcs
Poly Paks
RP Electranlcs
looking for the Foreign Callbook Radlo Amateur Callbook
Ralnbow lndustrles
Ramsey Electron~cs
with almost 235,000 calls, Regency Electron~cs
Rohn
SST Electron~cs 116
names and addresses of ama- Sandlln Electron~cs Englneerlng 127
SAROC 80
96
teurs outside of the USA. Satan Electron~cs
Savoy Electron~cs 122
Securltron 86
October 1976 Sherwood Englneerlng
Space Electron~cs Corp
Please use before November 30, 1976 - Specialty Comrnun~catlonsSystems
Soectronlcs

Tear off a n d m a i l to Swan Electron~cs

HAM RADIO MAGAZINE - "check off" Order from your favorite elec- Tangent Template
Teleohone Eouloment Comoanv
Greenville, N. H. 03048 Ten Tec
tronics dealer or write direct for Trtstao. DIV o f Palmer
U n ~ v e r s a lR a d ~ o
your free catalog to: Utah FM Sales
VHF E n g ~ n e e r ~ n gDIV.
. of Brownlan
VHF Slfznal Co
CALL VanguaFd Labs 128
Vnrtan. Elmac D ~ v o s ~ o n Cover IV
RADIO AMATEUR Wawaaee Electrontcs 124
Webster Communlcatlons 90
STREET...................................................................................................- Webster Radlo 98
Wetnschenker 117
We~rnu 122
CITY.. Lake Bluff. 111 60014 G R Whttehouse 6 C o 117
Wilson E l e c l r o n ~ c s 62. 63
Wore Concepts, Inc 108. 118
STATE............. .
.......................... .ZIP................................... Yaesu Musen USA 91. Cover Ill

134 october 1976

 . . . Alive with activity at both
ends of the band! Be a part of the total
2 Meter picture with the Cush Craft
Twist Antenna. Actually two, easily
assembled, 10 element yagis in one -
the vertical elements are cut for the
high end, the horizontal elements for
the low end, and separate feed lines
are used. The A147-20T is tailored to
meet the demands of the operator
who enjoys the best of both worlds
- FM and SSBICW.
A 147-20T $47.50

. . . Extend your horizon - Explore the excit-

ing new world of amateur satellite communications using
low power with our multi-polarized Twist Antennas. All
models include phasing harness for selectable linear or right1 h
left circular polarization. Two of these Twists may be mount-
ed on the A14T-MB mounting boom which is complete with
a pre-drilled plate for a readily available mast-through rotator.
Face this challenging frontier - Become a Specialist!

PERFORMANCE ARRAYS
Enjoy fade-free contacts on VHFIUHF with Twist Antennas and
...
Arrays. Excellent for scatter and other long-haul techniques. Double
your effective radiated power by stacking two Twists, or quadruple
ERP by stacking four Twists. Arrays are easily assembled for your
special communications requirement. Write for stacking and phasing
harness details concerning amateur and commercial frequencies.
Dependable communications - Now Yours!

More Details? CHECK-OFF Page 134 october 1976 135

 RF POWER
WITH THE NEW SUPER LOGARITHMIC SPEECH PROCESSOR
Up To 400% More RF Power is
yours with this plug-in unit. Simply plug
the MFJ Super Logarithmic Speech Pro-
cessor between your microphone and
transmitter and your voice is suddenly
transformed f r o m a whisper t o a
Dynamic Output.
Your signal h a s power t o slice
through QRM and you go from barely
readable t o "solid copy OM".
Look that happens to the RF power
SSB Signal Before Processing. The weak SSB Slgnal After Processing. The once weak output on our NCX-3. It was tuned for
valleys and high peaks give a low average valleys are now strong peaks giving up to normal SSB operation and then left
power output, resulting in a real lack of a 400% increase i n average power output.
punch. The result is a signal full of punch with untouched for these "before" and
power to slice through QRM. "after" oscillograms.
TWO MODELS TO CHOOSE FROM - Three active f i l t e r s concentrate
power on those frequencies that yield
PLUGS BETWEEN YOUR MICROPHONE AND TRANSMITTER maximum intelligence. Adds strength
in weak valleys of normal speech pat-
terns. This is accomplished through
use of an IC logarithmic amplifier with
a dynamic range of 30 dB for clean
audio with minimum distortion.
The input to the LSP-520BX and
LSP-520BX I 1 is completely filtered for
RF protection. A 9 volt transistor bat-
LSP-52OBX. 2-3/16 x 3 % x 4 inches. LSP-52OBX II. same as ~ ~ p . 5 2but 0 ~ ~ tery provides months of operation.
Uses 9 volt battery. RF protected. 3 conduc- in a beautiful 2% x 3% x 5 9 / 1 6 inch Ten- These quality units are designed and
tor. phone jacks for input and output. Tec enclosure w ~ t huncomm~tted4 ptn Mic
jack, output cable. rotary function switch. manufactured entirely in the U.S.A.

$2795 NEW
CWF-2BX SUPER CW FILTER
By far the leader. Over 5000 i n me. Razor
sharp selectivity. 80 Hz bandwidth. extreme-
l y steep skirts (See Response Curves).
No ringing Bandwidth: 80 HZ. 110 Hz.
180 Hz (selectable) Skirt rejection: at
least 60 dB down one octave from center
Dot memory
ternal squeeze key
tone and speaker
controls
max.
.
Uses Curtis 8043 Keyer IC
8 to 50 WPM
Built-in key
Iambic operation with ex.
Side-
Volume, tone, weight
Solid State Keying %300 volts
Uses 4 penlight cells
31h 4 inches.
2-3/16 x
MFJ-16010 ANTENNA TUNER
frequency for 80 Hz bandwidth
frequency 750 Hz
Center
Orast~cally reduces all
background noise (up to 15 dB improvement
Now you can operate all bands
through 10 meters -
- 160
with a single random
in S/N ratio) 8 pole active filter uses ICs wire and run your f u l l transceiver
9 volt transistor battery provides months output - u p to 200 watts RF power OU%G"T:
of operation 400 Hz or 1000 Hz,center fre-
quency optional. Add $3.00 Sue: 2-3/16 All bands 160 thru 10 meters Matches
x 3 % x 4 ~nches. almost any random length of wire t o any
Transceiver or Transmitter Rated at 200
watts RF Output t o handle virtually any
CWF-2PC transceiver running barefoot Ultra com-
wired PC
board
MFJ.1030BX RECEIVER PRESELECTOR pact 2-3/16 x 3 % x 4 inches Matches
low and high impedances by interchanging
Clearly copy weak unreadable signals
t18.95 (Increase signal 3 to 5 "S" units) More input and output SO-239 coaxial connec-

..
than 20 dB low noise gain Separate in-
CWF-2PCK put and output tuning controls give maxi- tors Unique wide range. high ~ e f i o r m -
kit PC m u m gain and RF selectivity to significantly ance, 12 position tapped inductor. Uses two
reject out-of.band s~gnalsand reduce image
board responses ~~~lgate MOS FET for low stacked tomid cores High quality specially
515.95 noise and strong signal handling abilities designed variable capacitor Heavy duty
Completely stable Optimized for 10 through
400 $000 40W
30 M H ~ uses9 volt battery .geautiful construction All aluminum cabinet.
FREQUENCY
IWZI Ten.Tec enclosure 2 % x 3% x 5-9/16 ln.

ORDER TODAY. MONEY BACK IF NOT DELIGHTED. ONE YEAR UNCONDITIONAL GUARANTEE.

ORDER BY MAIL OR CALL 1-601-323-5869 AND CHARGE IT ON

Please add $2.00 per item for Shipping and Handling
" M
MFJ ENTERPRISES P. o. BOX 4 9 4 ( ~ ) MISSISSIPPI STATE MISSISSIPPI 39762
 and
Total Spectrum Coverage from 160 thru 2 Meters

YO-100
yomilon SCOW

r +

There are many reasons for you to choose Yaesu and they are best summed up
as PERFORMANCE AT THE RIGHT COST. Your dealer will proudly demonstrate
why the finest sounding signals heard around the world originate from YAESU.
J

VABSU
The radio.
Yaesu Musen USA Inc., 7625 E. Rosecrans, No. 29, Paramount, California 90723
Yaesu Musen USA Inc., Eastern Service Center 613 Redna Terrace, Cincinnati,OH 45215
 Amateurs who bu~~d
their own eaui~ment
Building HF or VHF power amplifiers? You'll find ing the 3-5002, 8873, 4CX250B and 3CX100A5. And
them described in detail in both the ARRL Handbook there's plenty of information about design and con-
and the Radio Handbook. And you'll find that ElMAC struction
- - . of transmittina eauioment .
tubes are the overwhelming choice of expert equip- using EIMAC power tGbes' ir; both
ment designers for 1.8 to 1296 MHz service. handbooks.
The Radio Handbook features a deluxe amplifier For tube information, contact
using the 3-10002 for HF service plus other HF or VHF Varian. ElMAC Division, 301 Industrial
designs built around the 3-500Z,4CX15008,8877 and Way, San Carlos, Cal~forn~a 94070. Or
the 8874. The ARRL Handbook describes a multiband contact any of the more than 30
HF amplifier using the 8877, plus other des~gnsfeatur- Varian Electron Dev~ceGroup Sales
Off~cesthroughout the world. varian