Module 2
Module 2
Syllabus:
𝑧 = 0, 𝑧 = 1, 𝑧 = 1 + 𝑖 , 𝑧 = 𝑖. [Ans: 0]
8) ∫𝐶 (𝑥 − 𝑖𝑦)𝑑𝑧 from (0,0) to (4,2) where C is first , the line segment joining
(0,0) to (0,2) and then the line segment joining (0,2) to (4,2) . [Ans: 10-8i]
9) ∫ 𝑓(𝑧)𝑑𝑧 along the square whose vertices are (1,1), (2,1), (2,2),(1,2) in anti-
clockwise direction where 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑥 − 2𝑖𝑦 [Ans: 3i]
1+𝑖
10) ∫1−𝑖 (𝑖𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 + 1)𝑑𝑥 along straight line joining (1-i) to (1+i) [Ans: 2(i-1)]
1+2𝑖
11) ∫0 (𝑧)2 𝑑𝑧 along
2
Is the line integral independent of path? Explain. [Ans:3 (𝑖 − 1) in each case]
1+𝑖
14) ∫0 (𝑥 2 + 𝑖𝑦)𝑑𝑧 along the path (i) 𝑦 = 𝑥 (ii) 𝑥 2 = 𝑦 (iii) along the x-axis from 0
to 1 the along the line parallel to y-axis from 𝑧 = 1 𝑡𝑜 𝑧 = 1 + 𝑖.
Is the line integral independent of path? Explain.
−1+5𝑖 −1+5𝑖 −1
[Ans: i) (ii) (iii) +𝑖 ]
6 6 6
2
21) Evaluate ∫𝐶 (𝑧 − 𝑧 2 ) 𝑑𝑧 along the upper half of the circle |𝑧| = 1 [Ans:3]
𝑧+2
22) ∫𝐶 𝑑𝑧 , where C is the semi-circle 𝑧 = 2𝑒 𝑖𝜃 , 0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 𝜋 [Ans:−4 + 2𝜋𝑖]
𝑧
26) ∫𝐶 (𝑧 − 𝑧 2 ) 𝑑𝑧 where C is the upper half of the circle |𝑧| = 1 . What is the value
2 2
of the integral for the lower half of the same circle. [Ans: , − 3]
3
27) Show that ∫𝐶 log(𝑧) 𝑑𝑧 = 2𝜋𝑖 , where C is the unit circle in the z-plane.
𝑠𝑖𝑛6 𝑧
10. ∫𝐶 𝜋 𝑛
𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle |𝑧| = 1 for n=1 and n=3
(𝑧− )
6
𝜋𝑖 21𝜋𝑖
[ Ans: , ]
32 16
1 𝜋𝑖
11. ∫𝐶 𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle |𝑧| = 1 [Ans:− 3 ]
𝑧4𝑒𝑧
𝑧𝑒 𝑧
12. ∫𝐶 (𝑧−1)3
𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle |𝑧 + 𝑖| = 2 [Ans:8𝜋𝑖𝑒 2 ]
cos(𝜋𝑧 2 )
13. ∫𝐶 (𝑧 2 −3𝑧+2)
𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle |𝑧| = 3 [Ans:4𝜋𝑖]
sin(𝜋𝑧 2 )+cos(𝜋𝑧 2 )
14. ∫𝐶 (𝑧 2 −3𝑧+2)
𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle |𝑧| = 3 [Ans:4𝜋𝑖]
𝑧+6
15. ∫𝐶 𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle (i) |𝑧| = 1 (ii) |𝑧 − 2| = 1 (iii) |𝑧 + 2| = 1
𝑧 2 −4
sin(𝜋𝑧 2 )+cos(𝜋𝑧 2 ) 1 3
17. ∫𝐶 (𝑧 2 +3𝑧+2)
𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle (𝑖) |𝑧| = 2 (𝑖𝑖)|𝑧| = 2
[Ans:(𝑖) 0 (𝑖𝑖) − 2𝜋𝑖]
𝑒 2𝑧 8𝜋𝑖𝑒 2
18. ∫𝐶 (𝑧−1)4
𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle |𝑧| = 2 [Ans: ]
3
𝑧𝑒 2𝑧
19. ∫𝐶 (𝑧−1)3
𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle |𝑧 + 𝑖| = 2 [Ans:8𝜋𝑖𝑒 2 ]
𝑧 cos 𝜋𝑧 −2𝜋𝑖
20. ∫𝐶 𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle |𝑧 − 𝑖| = 2 [Ans: ]
𝑧 2 −𝑧−2 3
(𝑧−1)(𝑧−2)
21. ∫𝐶 𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle (𝑖)|𝑧| = 3.5 (𝑖𝑖)|𝑧| = 4.5
(𝑧−3)(𝑧−4)
𝑧 2 +4
23. ∫𝐶 𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle (𝑖)|𝑧 + 1| = 2 (𝑖𝑖)|𝑧 − 2| = 2
(𝑧−2)(𝑧+3𝑖)
16𝜋𝑖
[Ans:(𝑖)0 (ii) ]
(2+3𝑖)
(𝑧+4)2 −16𝜋𝑖
24. ∫𝐶 𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle |𝑧| = 1 [Ans: ]
𝑧 4 +5𝑧 3 +6𝑧 2 9
𝑧+3 14𝜋𝑖
25. ∫𝐶 𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle |𝑧 − 𝑖| = 2 [Ans: ]
2𝑧 2 +3𝑧−2 5
𝑧+2
26. ∫𝐶 𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle |𝑧 − 2 − 𝑖| = 2 [Ans:2𝜋𝑖]
𝑧 3 −2𝑧 2
𝑧2 1
27. ∫𝐶 𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle (𝑖)|𝑧| = 2 (𝑖𝑖)|𝑧 − 1| = 1(𝑖𝑖𝑖)|𝑧 + 𝑖| = 1
𝑧 4 −1
𝜋𝑖 𝜋
[Ans:(𝑖)0 (ii) (iii)− 2 ]
2
4𝑧 2 +𝑧+5
28. 𝑓(𝜉) = ∫𝐶 𝑑𝑧 where C is the ellipse , find the values of
𝑧−𝜉
𝑧𝑒 𝑧
29. If Φ(𝛼) = ∫𝐶 𝑑𝑧 , where C is |𝑧 − 2𝑖| = 3 , find the value of
𝑧−𝛼
Type-IV
Types of Singularity
When f(z) is regular on a punctured neighbourhood
D \ {a} = {z ∈ ℂ: 0 < |z − a| < r} of a point a but is not defined at a, we call a
a singularity of f(z). More precisely, we say that a is
1. a removable singularity of f(z) if there are no terms in the principal part
of its Laurent expansion about a.
2. a pole of f(z) if there are finitely many terms (but not none!) in the
principal part of its Laurent expansion about a.
3. an nonisolated essential singularity of f(z) if there are infinitely many
(non-zero) terms in the principal part of its Laurent expansion about a.
4. Furthermore, in case 2 we say that a is a pole of order n of f(z) if the
1
largest power of present in the expansion is the nth power.
𝑧−𝒂
𝜋 −1
2. State the nature of singularity of 𝑓(𝑧) = [𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑧 )]
𝑧−2 1
3. State the nature of singularity of 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑧−1)
𝑧2
sin 𝑧
4. State the nature of singularity of 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧
2
5. State the nature of singularity of 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑒 −1/𝑧
6. Determine the nature of pole of following functions and find the residue at
each pole.
𝑧𝑒 𝑧 1−𝑒 2𝑧 2 sin 𝜋𝑧
(i) (𝑧−𝑎)3
(ii) (iii) 𝑧 2 𝑒 1/𝑧 (iv) 𝑒 −1/(𝑧−1) (v) .
𝑧3 (𝑧−1)2 (𝑧−2)
𝜋𝑖
(iii) ∮𝐶 𝑧 4 𝑒 1/𝑧 𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle |𝑧| = 1 [Ans: ]
60
15𝑧+9
8. ∫𝐶 𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle |𝑧 − 1| = 3 [Ans: 4𝜋𝑖]
𝑧 3 −9𝑧
12𝑧−7
9. ∫𝐶 (𝑧−1)2 (2𝑧+3)
where C is the circle |𝑧 + 𝑖| = √3 [Ans: 4𝜋𝑖]
sin 3𝑧
10. ∫𝐶 𝜋 𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle |𝑧| = 5 [Ans:2𝜋𝑖]
𝑧+
2
𝑑𝑧
11. ∫𝐶 where C is the circle (i) |𝑧 − 2| = 1 (ii) |𝑧 − 1| = 1/2
𝑧−2
[𝐴𝑛𝑠: (𝑖)2𝜋𝑖 (𝑖𝑖) 0 ]
𝑒𝑧
12. ∫𝐶 𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle (i) |𝑧| = 2 (ii) |𝑧| = 1/2 [Ans:(i) 2𝜋𝑖𝑒 2
𝑧−1
(ii)0 ]
𝑠𝑖𝑛6 𝑧
10. ∫𝐶 𝜋 𝑛
𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle |𝑧| = 1 for n=1 and n=3
(𝑧− )
6
𝜋𝑖 21𝜋𝑖
[ Ans: , ]
32 16
1 𝜋𝑖
11. ∫𝐶 𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle |𝑧| = 1 [Ans:− 3 ]
𝑧4𝑒𝑧
𝑧𝑒 𝑧
12. ∫𝐶 (𝑧−1)3
𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle |𝑧 + 𝑖| = 2 [Ans:8𝜋𝑖𝑒 2 ]
cos(𝜋𝑧 2 )
13. ∫𝐶 (𝑧 2 −3𝑧+2)
𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle |𝑧| = 3 [Ans:4𝜋𝑖]
sin(𝜋𝑧 2 )+cos(𝜋𝑧 2 )
14. ∫𝐶 (𝑧 2 −3𝑧+2)
𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle |𝑧| = 3 [Ans:4𝜋𝑖]
𝑧+6
15. ∫𝐶 𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle (i) |𝑧| = 1 (ii) |𝑧 − 2| = 1 (iii) |𝑧 + 2| = 1
𝑧 2 −4
sin(𝜋𝑧 2 )+cos(𝜋𝑧 2 ) 1 3
17. ∫𝐶 (𝑧 2 +3𝑧+2)
𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle (𝑖) |𝑧| = 2 (𝑖𝑖)|𝑧| = 2
[Ans:(𝑖) 0 (𝑖𝑖) − 2𝜋𝑖]
𝑒 2𝑧 8𝜋𝑖𝑒 2
18. ∫𝐶 (𝑧−1)4
𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle |𝑧| = 2 [Ans: ]
3
𝑧𝑒 2𝑧
19. ∫𝐶 (𝑧−1)3
𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle |𝑧 + 𝑖| = 2 [Ans:8𝜋𝑖𝑒 2 ]
𝑧 cos 𝜋𝑧 −2𝜋𝑖
20. ∫𝐶 𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle |𝑧 − 𝑖| = 2 [Ans: ]
𝑧 2 −𝑧−2 3
(𝑧−1)(𝑧−2)
21. ∫𝐶 𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle (𝑖)|𝑧| = 3.5 (𝑖𝑖)|𝑧| = 4.5
(𝑧−3)(𝑧−4)
𝑧 2 +4
23. ∫𝐶 𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle (𝑖)|𝑧 + 1| = 2 (𝑖𝑖)|𝑧 − 2| = 2
(𝑧−2)(𝑧+3𝑖)
16𝜋𝑖
[Ans:(𝑖)0 (ii) ]
(2+3𝑖)
(𝑧+4)2 −16𝜋𝑖
24. ∫𝐶 𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle |𝑧| = 1 [Ans: ]
𝑧 4 +5𝑧 3 +6𝑧 2 9
𝑧+3 14𝜋𝑖
25. ∫𝐶 𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle |𝑧 − 𝑖| = 2 [Ans: ]
2𝑧 2 +3𝑧−2 5
𝑧+2
26. ∫𝐶 𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle |𝑧 − 2 − 𝑖| = 2 [Ans:2𝜋𝑖]
𝑧 3 −2𝑧 2
𝑧2 1
27. ∫𝐶 𝑑𝑧 where C is the circle (𝑖)|𝑧| = 2 (𝑖𝑖)|𝑧 − 1| = 1(𝑖𝑖𝑖)|𝑧 + 𝑖| = 1
𝑧 4 −1
𝜋𝑖 𝜋
[Ans:(𝑖)0 (ii) (iii)− 2 ]
2