Section 5 – Fossil Fuels and Carbon Compounds

[HKDSE_2012]
1. Compound X has the following structure:

CH2=CHCH2OH

The systematic name of X is

A. prop-1-en-3-ol.
B. prop-2-en-1-ol. [OH is the principal functional group. Numbering should give it a smaller no.]
C. 3-hydroxypropene.
D. 1-hydroxyprop-3-ene.

2. The diagram below shows the set-up of an experiment:

The unglazed porcelain in tube A is strongly heated and the glass wool is occasionally heated. Which of
the following statements is / are correct?
(1) A chemical reaction occurs at the glass wool.
(2) There is NO colour change in the solution in tube B.
(3) There is NO colour change in the solution in tube C.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

3. Which of the following compounds can be used as monomers to make addition polymers?

A. (1) and (2) only [addition polymer must have C=C bond but property of benzene ring not the same as
C=C bond]
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
 D. (1), (2) and (3)
4. Which of the following processes involve redox reaction?
(1) mixing methanol and ethanol [It’s a mixture. There is no reaction between two alcohols]
(2) mixing chlorine and methane under sunlight [Cl2 becomes a compound  there is a change in O.N.]
(3) mixing ethene and acidified KMnO4(aq) [decolourisation of MnO4-  O.N. of Mn changes from +7
to +2]
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

Directions: Each question below (Questions 6 and 7 consists of two separate statements. Decide whether
each of the two statements is true or false; if both are true, then decide whether or not the
second statement is a correct explanation of the first statement. Then select one option from A
to D according to the following table:

A. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanation of the 1st statement.
B. Both statements are true but the 2nd statement is NOT a correct explanation of the 1st statement.
C. The 1st statement is false but the 2nd statement is true.
D. Both statements are false.

5. 1st statement: When iron and copper are separately immersed in hexane completely, iron corrodes faster
than copper.
2nd statement:Iron can be oxidised more readily than copper.
C [there is no O2 / H2O  no corrosion]
6. 1st statement: Burning fossil fuels can cause acid rain.
2nd statement:Burning fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide.
A
7. Which of the following statements concerning compound U (CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH2OH) is correct?
A. The empirical formula of U is C3H6O. [C6H12O]
B. The systematic name of U is hex-4-en-l-ol. [should be hex-3-en-1-ol]
C. U reacts with HCl to give a single product. [both C=C bond and -OH would react]
D. U can separately turn Br2(aq) and acidified KMnO4(aq) colourless. [addition reaction ion C=C bond]
[HKDSE_2013]
8. A portion of the structure of an addition polymer X is shown below:

Which of the following is the systematic name of the monomer of X based on the given structure?
A. 1, 1-dichloro-2-methylethene
B. 1, 1-dichloropropene
C. 1,2-dichloropropene
D. 3,3-dichloropropene

9. An organic compound has the following structure:

Which of the following statements about this compound is/are correct?

(1) It is immiscible with water. [alcohol can dissolve in water by forming H-bond with water molecules]
(2) It is neutral to litmus solution. [It is a covalent compound and would not ionize in water  no
mobile ions / OH- ions]
(3) It burns with a non-luminous flame. [there is an oxygen atom in the molecule, burning is more
complete]
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only
10. Consider the following conversion of organic compounds:

Which of the following statements about the above conversion are correct?
(1) Excess Br2(l) should be used in Step 1. [if excess Br2 is used, polysubstitution occurs]
(2) Light is needed in Step 1. [the reaction is a free radical reaction. Step 1 requires light to split Cl2]
(3) The reagent used in Step 2 can be KOH(aq). [it is a substitution reaction with OH- substituting Cl-]
A. (l) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

11. In order to prepare 2-chloro-2-methylpropane, a mixture of 2-methylpropan-2-ol and concentrated

hydrochloric acid is shaken vigorously.

Which of the following statements about this preparation are correct?

(1) Two layers of liquids can be observed in the reaction mixture after shaking. [the product, (CH3)3CCl,
does not form hydrogen bond with water and, hence, is immiscible with water]
(2) The crude product should be washed with sodium carbonate solution. [washing with sodium
carbonate removes excess acid]
(3) The unreacted 2-methylpropan-2-ol can be removed by simple distillation. [fractional distillation
should be used]
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
[HKDSE_2014]
12. Which of the following compounds would be formed when bromoethene reacts with chlorine in a
suitable organic solvent? B [addition reaction occurs in which the TWO Cl atoms are added to the
adjacent carbon atoms of the C=C bond]

13. One mole of methane is allowed to react with two moles of chlorine in the presence of light. Which of
the following best describes the organic product(s) that would be formed?
A. one mole of CCl4
B. one mole of CH2Cl2
C. a mixture containing only CCl4 and CH2Cl2
D. a mixture containing CH3Cl, CH2Cl2, CHCl3 and CCl4 [free radical substitution. Polysubstitution
occurs]

14. What are the advantages of using natural gas over using coal as a fuel in power stations?
(1) In comparing with coal, natural gas burns more completely.
(2) In comparing with coal, natural gas has less sulphur-containing substances.
(3) Natural gas is a renewable energy source, but coal is not.

A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

[HKDSE_2015]
15. The structure of a certain polymer is shown below:

Which of the following is the systematic name of the monomer of this polymer?
A. propene
 B. but-1-ene
C. but-2-ene
D. methylpropene
16. Which of the following pairs of substances can be distinguished by using acidified KMnO4(aq)?
(1) pent-1-ene and pent-2-ene
(2) cyclohexane and cyclohexene
(3) polyethene and poly(chloroethene)
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

17. The set-up of an experiment is shown below :

Which of the following observations would be expected?

(1) Limewater turns milky. [cracking does not produce CO2]
(2) Br2(aq) changes from brown to colourless. [alkene is produced from cracking]
(3) The flame is brick red in colour. [irrelevant – brick red flame is the flame colour for Ca2+ ions]

A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

18. Which of the following are renewable energy sources?

(1) nuclear energy
(2) tidal energy
(3) biomass

A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
19. A polymer has the structure shown below:

Which of the following statements concerning the polymer is correct?

(1) Its intermolecular attraction is predominately hydrogen bond. [no electron-deficient H atoms]
(2) The polymer chains can be broken in the presence of dilute hydrochloric acid. [it’s a polyester.
Polyester can be hydrolysed by acids or alkalis]
(3) The polymer chains can be broken in the presence of dilute sodium hydroxide solution. [refer to
(2)]

A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

[HKDSE 2016]
20. 1 mol of a hydrocarbon requires 9 mol of oxygen for complete combustion. Which of the following may
be this hydrocarbon? [balance the equation: CxHy + (x+y/4)O2 → CO2 + y/2 H2O]
A. C6H6
B. C6H10
C. C6H12 [(x+y/4) = 6+12/4 = 9]
D. C6H14

21. Which of the following CANNOT be converted into substances that are less harmful when passed through
a catalytic converter? [catalytic converter converts hydrocarbons and CO into CO2 and H2O and NOx to
N2]
A. nitrogen oxides
B. sulphur dioxide
C. carbon monoxide
D. unburnt hydrocarbons

22. Which of the following statements concerning petroleum is / are correct?

(1) It is a source of aliphatic hydrocarbons.
(2) It can be separated into liquids of different viscosity by a separating funnel. [by fractional
distillation]
(3) It is a fossil fuel derived from ancient marine organisms.

A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only
[HKDSE_2017]
23. What is the systematic name of Cl2CH–CH=CH–CH=CH2 ?
A. 1-dichloropenta-2,4-diene
B. 5,5-chloropenta-1,3-diene
C. 1,1-dichloropenta-2,4-diene
D. 5,5-dichloropenta-1,3-diene [numbering should give C=C a smaller no.]

24. Consider the following chemical equation:

3 Ni(OH)2 (s) + x HCl (aq) + y AuCl4- (aq) → 3 NiCl4 (aq) + y Au (s) + z Cl- (aq) + 6 H2O (l)
Which of the following combinations is correct?
x y z
A. 4 2 2
B. 6 2 2
C. 4 3 3
D. 6 3 3

25. The structures of organic compounds A and B are shown below:

Which of the following statements concerning the two compounds is / are correct?
(1) A and B belong to the same homologous series. [B has a C=C bond but A does not]
(2) A and B can be distinguished by acidified KMnO4 (aq). [A would not decolorise KMnO4]
(3) Complete combustion of 1.0 g of A and complete combustion of 1.0 g of B would form the same mass
of CO2 (g). [They have different molecular mass: A > B!]
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

26. Which of the following are characteristics exhibited by members of a homologous series?
(1) They have similar chemical properties.
(2) They display a gradation in physical properties.
(3) They can be represented by the same general formula.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
27. Which of the following statements concerning burning coal under room conditions are correct?
(1) Burning coal forms both acidic and non-acidic substances.
(2) Burning coal forms both gaseous and non-gaseous substances.
(3) Burning coal forms both poisonous and non-poisonous substances.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

Section 6 –Microscopic World II

[HKDSE_2012]
28. Which of the following molecules is polar?
A. BF3 [BF3 is no lone pair  a trigonal planar  dipole moments can be cancelled]
B. C60 [all are C atoms  no polar bonds]
C. NH3 [NH3 has a lone pair,  a trigonal pyramidal shape  dipole moments cannot be cancelled]
D. SF6 [SF6 has no lone pair,  an octahedral shape  dipole moments can be cancelled]

29. Which of the following molecules is planar?

A. BF3
B. NH3
C. CH4 [no lone pair  dipole moments can be cancelled]
D. PCl5 [no lon pair  dipole moments can be cancelled]

[HKDSE_2013]
30. To which of the following molecules is/are the 'octet rule' NOT applicable?
(1) OF2
(2) NO2 [N belongs to group 5. N in the molecule does not have an octet]
(3) CS2
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

Directions: Question 4 consists of two separate statements. Decide whether each of the two statements is
true or false; if both are true, then decide whether or not the second statement is a correct
explanation of the first statement. Then select one option from A to D according to the
following table:
A. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanation of the 1st statement.
B. Both statements are true but the 2nd statement is NOT a correct explanation of the 1st statement.
C. The 1st statement is false but the 2nd statement is true.
D. Both statements are false.
31. 1st statement: The boiling point of hydrogen chloride is higher than that of hydrogen fluoride.
2nd statement: The molecular size of hydrogen chloride is greater than that of hydrogen fluoride.
 C [HCl molecules are held by van der Waals’ forces but HF molecules are held by hydrogen bonds
which are stronger]

[HKDSE_2014]
32. Which of the following molecules have non-octet structures?
(1) NO2
(2) PBr3
(3) BCl3 [B belongs to group 3. B does not have an octet in this molecule]
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

33. When a negatively charged rod is placed near a jet of liquid running out from a burette, the jet of liquid
deflects towards the rod. Which of the following may the liquid be?
(1) water
(2) hexane
(3) trichloromethane
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

34. In which of the following options are molecule Y and molecule Z identical? B
[HKDSE_2015]
35. In the species below, the underlined atom is the central atom, and all non-central atoms have octet
electronic arrangement. In which of them does the central atom NOT have octet electronic arrangement?
A. SF2
B. CF2
C. CS2
D. NCl3

Directions : Question 24 consists of two separate statements. Decide whether each of the two statements
is true or false; if both are true, then decide whether or not the second statement is a correct
explanation of the first statement. Then select one option from A to D according to the following
table:

A. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanation of the 1st statement.
B. Both statements are true but the 2nd statement is NOT a correct explanation of the 1st statement.
C. The 1st statement is false but the 2nd statement is true.
D. Both statements are false.

36. 1st statement: The boiling point of H2O is lower than that of HF.
2nd statement: The electronegativity of oxygen is lower than that of fluorine.
C [HF bonds have strong hydrogen bonding than that in H2O]
[HKDSE 2016]
37. Which of the following compounds has the highest boiling point? [only HF forms hydrogen bond]
A. HF
B. HCl
C. PH3
D. H2Se

38. Which of the following molecules have a similar shape?

(1) BCl3
(2) NH3
(3) PF3
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only [both have trigonal pyramidal shape. BCl3 has trigonal planar shape]
D. (1), (2) and (3)

[HKDSE_2017]
39. Which of the following molecules is polar?
A. CO2 [no lone pair]
B. PCl3 [one lone pair. Molecule has trigonal pyramidal shape]
C. SiF4 [one long pair but the lone pair is in the axial position, the four Si-F bonds form a square planar]
D. SF6 [no lone pair]
40. Consider the following statements and choose the best answer:
1st statement 2nd statement
Both buckminsterfullerene (C60) and graphite are Both buckminsterfullerene (C60) and graphite are
good conductors of electricity. different forms of carbon.
[buckminsterfullerene does not conduct electricity
A. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanation of the 1st statement.
B. Both statements are true but the 2nd statement is NOT a correct explanation of the 1st statement.
C. The 1st statement is false but the 2nd statement is true.
D. Both statements are false.

Section 7 –Redox Reactions, Chemical Cells and Electrolysis

[HKDSE_2012]
41. What is the oxidation number of Cu in Cu(NH3)4Cl2? [oxidation no. of NH3 is 0 and that of Cl is -1]
A. 0
B. +2
C. +4
D. +6

42. The tendency of being reduced of six ionic species increases in the order as shown below:
Ba2+(aq) < Na+(aq) < Mg2+(aq) < H+(aq) < Cu2+(aq) < Hg2+(aq)
Which of the following statements is correct?
A. Ba(s) does NOT react with H+(aq).
B. Na(s) has a stronger reducing power than Hg(l).
C. Hg2+(aq) is the weakest oxidising agent among the six species.
D. Displacement reaction occurs when Cu(s) is immersed in MgSO4(aq).

43. Which of the following ions can act as both an oxidising agent and a reducing agent?
A. Fe2+(aq) [O.N. of Fe in Fe2+ can be increased to 3+ in Fe3+ and decreased to 0 in Fe (the element)]
B. Cu2+(aq)
C. Cr2O72-(aq)
D. MnO4-(aq)

[HKDSE_2013]
44. Scandium (Sc) is a metal. Scandium, in its compounds, exhibits only one oxidation number. The
chemical formula of scandium nitrate is Sc(NO3)3. Which of the following is most likely to be the
chemical formula of scandium phosphate?
A. Sc2(PO4)3
B. ScPO4 [phosphate is PO43-]
C. Sc(PO4)2
D. Sc(PO4)3
45. Which of the set-ups shown below can best be used to anodise an aluminium object? B
A. B.

C. D.

[Al must be the positive terminal and H2SO4(aq) is used]

46. Consider the fonowing chemical equation:
2IO3-(aq) + wH2O2(aq) + xH+(aq) → I2(aq) + yO2 + zH2O(l)
Which ofthe following is the correct combination of the reaction coefficients y and z?
y z
A. 4 5
B. 5 4
C. 5 6
D. 6 5

47. Potassium peroxodisulphate (K2S2O8) can be obtained from the electrolysis of a saturated solution of
potassium hydrogensulphate (KHSO4).
Which of the following correctly describes the oxidation number of sulphur in KHSO4, and the electrode
at which K2S2O8 is produced during the electrolysis?
Oxidation number of S Electrode at which K2S2O8 is produced
A. +6 anode
B. +6 cathode
C. +4 anode
D. +4 cathode
(HSO4- carries -ve charge and will be attracted to +ve electrode in electrolysis, i.e. anode. Note: in
chemical cell, the anode is the -ve electrode)
48. Which of the following is/are secondary cell(s)?
(1) alkaline manganese cell [commonly used batteries for ordinary devices]
(2) lithium ion cell [used in mobile phone]
(3) nickel metal hydride cell [used as batteries in hybrid electric car]
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

49. Which of the following reagents can be used to distinguish between sodium sulphite and sodium
sulphate? [SO32- can be oxidized but SO42- is stable]
(1) iron(II) chloride solution
(2) acidified potassium permanganate solution
(3) concentrated nitric acid
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

[HKDSE_2014]
50. The diagram below shows a set-up in which silver is being plated on a spoon :

Which of the following statements concerning the above set-up is correct?

A. M must be silver.
B. Q can be silver chloride.
C. The spoon is connected to the negative pole of the battery. [to metal plate an object, the object must
be made the negative electrode]
D. Electrons flow from metal M to the spoon through the solution.
51. Which of the following statements concerning a zinc-carbon cell is / are correct?
(1) The zinc case would become thinner when being used. [Zn converts to Zn2+ and becomes
soluble]
(2) Its voltage remains unchanged when being used. [when it is being used, voltage drops]
(3) It can be recharged after use. [it’s a primary cell]

A. (1) only
B. (2)
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

52. The diagram below shows the set-up of an experiment:

Which of the following methods may light up the light bulb?

(1) heating the sodium bromide powder until molten [ions become mobile in molten state]
(2) adding deionised water to the sodium bromide powder [NaBr dissolves and ions become mobile]
(3) replacing the sodium bromide powder with bromine liquid [bromine liquid is covalent  no mobile
ions]

A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

[HKDSE_2015]
53. Which of the following processes would NOT give oxygen?

A. heating mercury(II) oxide strongly [Hg and Ag are unreactive,  HgO and Ag2O can be decomposed
by heat]
B. electrolysis of dilute sulphuric acid [electrolysis of H2SO4 gives O2 and H2 at +ve and -ve electrodes
respectively]
C. fractional distillation of liquefied air [fractional distillation of liquid air is a source of O2]
D. passing steam over heated magnesium [passing steam over heated Mg gives H2 and MgO]
54. The conversion of nitrogen gas to nitric acid involves the following steps:

[O.N. of N: 0 -3 +2 +4 +5]
In which step is nitrogen reduced?

A. Step 1
B. Step 2
C. Step 3
D. Step 4

55. An electrolysis experiment is conducted using the set-up shown below:

What are the expected colours around X and Y after the experiment has been conducted for some time?
H+ and OH- ion are consumed around X and Y electrodes to form H2 and O2 are formed respectively.
Thus, [H+] decreases around X and [H+] increases around Y. [H+][OH-] = 10-14 mol2 dm-6
X Y
A. yellow red
B. red blue
C. blue red
D. red yellow
56. Consider the following set-up at the start of an experiment:

After a period of time, the concentration of K2Cr2O7(aq) drops to 0.47 M. What is the concentration of
FeSO4(aq) at that time?
[14H+ + Cr2O72- + 6Fe2+ → 2Cr3+ + 6Fe3+ + 7H2O; drop in [Cr2O72-] = 0.03 M; corresponding drop in
[Fe2+] = 0.036 = 0.18 M  [Fe2+] = 0.5 – 0.18 = 0.32 M. The drop in conc of the two reactants is in the
ratio 1 : 6. Since the solutions have the same volume, so change in no of mole is proportional to change
in molarity.]
A. 0.53 M
B. 0.47 M
C. 0.41 M
D. 0.32 M

57. An aqueous solution of potassium iodide turns yellow with time due to the following reaction:

Which of the following statements concerning the above reaction is / are correct?
(1) KI(aq) is oxidised by O2(g).
(2) KI(aq) is oxidised by CO2(g). [O.N. of C in CO2 and CO32- are the same]
(3) The yellow colour is due to the K2CO3(aq) formed. [both K+ and CO32- ions are colourless]
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

[HKDSE 2016]
58. In which of the following compounds does nitrogen have the highest oxidation number?
A. NF3 [O.N. of N is +3 (F is most electronegative)]
B. N2H4 [O.N. of N is -2 (H is +1)]
C. NaNH2 [O.N. of N is -3 (both Na and H is +1)]
D. HONH2 [O.N. of N is -1 (H is +1 and O is -2)]
59. The diagram below shows the set-up used in an electroplating experiment involving four iron rods:

On which of the following iron rods would a metal be plated? [Polarity of rods: I / III – positive, II and
IV – negative. Object to be plated must be the negative terminal. Metal to be plated should have a low
reactivity]
A. Rod I
B. Rod II
C. Rod III
D. Rod IV

60. Gas X is bubbled steadily into solution Y as shown in the diagram below:

In which of the following combinations would NOT have a visible change in solution Y?
gas X solution Y
A. Cl2 (g) KI (aq) [Cl2 + 2I- → 2Cl- + I2 : solution turns brown (due to I2)]
B. O2 (g) FeSO4 (aq) [Fe2+ is oxidized by O2: Fe2+ → Fe3+ + e- solution turns from green to
yellow]
C. CO2 (g) acidified KMnO4 (aq) [CO2 cannot be oxidized: C is already in its highest O.N.]
D. SO2 (g) acidified Na2Cr2O7 (aq) [SO2 reduces Cr2O72- to Cr3+, itself becomes SO42-: orange
to green]

61. Which of the following is NOT a redox reaction?

A. 2 AgBr (s) → 2 Ag (s) + Br2 (g) [Ag compound becomes metallic silver (an element)]
B. SO2 (g) + 2 H2S (g) → 3 S (s) + 2 H2O (l) [S compound becomes sulphur (an element)]
C. 2 KClO3 (s) → 2 KCl (s) + 3 O2 (g) [O in KClO3 becomes O2 (an element)]
D. Ca(HCO3)2 (aq) → CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
62. The following equation shows the reaction when a secondary cell is discharging:
2 NiO(OH) (s) + Cd (s) + 2 H2O (l) → 2 Ni(OH)2 (s) + Cd(OH)2 (s)
[Cd changes to Cd(OH)2 during discharge; reverse reaction occurs during charging]
Which of the following half equations shows the change at the negative electrode when the cell is being
recharged?
A. Cd (s) + 2 OH- (aq) → Cd(OH)2 (s) + 2 e-
B. Cd(OH)2 (s) + 2 e- → Cd (s) + 2 OH- (aq)
C. Ni(OH)2 (s) + OH- (aq) → NiO(OH) (s) + H2O (l) + e-
D. NiO(OH) (s) + H2O (l) + e- → Ni(OH)2 (s) + OH- (aq)

63. Pb is an element in Group IV of the Periodic Table and can form Pb2+ ion. Which of the following
statements are correct?

(1) The change from Pb2+ ion to Pb atom is a reduction. [O.N. decreases]
(2) Both Pb atom and Pb2+ ion have the same number of protons. [only difference is no of electrons]
(3) Both Pb atom and Pb2+ ion have the same number of occupied electron shells. [Pb belongs to
group 4. When 2 electrons are removed, there are still 2 electrons remaining in the outermost shell]
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

1st statement 2nd statement

64. During anodisation, the aluminium oxide on the The corrosion resistance of aluminium can be
surface of aluminium is reduced to metal. enhanced by anodisation.
C [Al becomes Al3+ and eventually Al2O3] [Al2O3 is tough and impermeable]

[HKDSE_2017]
65. The diagram below shows a set-up with the bulb lights up:

Which of the following statements concerning the set-up is correct?

A. Silver ions migrate towards the porous pot. [H+ ions are discharged and Mg2+ ions are formed on Ag
and Mg electrodes respectively, so Mg2+ and NO3- will migrate instead]
B. The mass of the magnesium strip decreases. [Mg becomes Mg2+ ions, thus Mg dissolves]
C. Heat energy is converted into electrical energy. [electrical energy is converted to light (and some heat)]
D. Hydrogen ions are discharged on the silver strip. [Ag+ ions would discharge in preference to H+]
66. Which of the following statements concerning hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is INCORRECT?
A. It contains a catalyst. [the electrodes are catalyst]
B. Water is formed during discharge. [Overall: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O]
C. Oxygen gas is passed to the anode. [4e- + 2H2O + O2 → 4OH- : It is a reduction and occurs at cathode]
D. Hydrogen gas acts as the reducing agent. [H2 → 2H+ + 2e- : It is an oxidation  H2 is a reducing agent]

67. Which of the following statements concerning zinc is correct?

A. It forms a soluble oxide when placed in NH3 (aq). [no reaction. Note: Zn2+(aq) would form ppt and
redissolves]
B. It acts as a reducing agent when placed in HCl (aq). [Zn will reduce H+ to H2. It is a metal displacement.]
C. It undergoes oxidation when placed in MgCl2 (aq). [Zn can’t displace Mg from Mg2+ solution]
D. It forms an acidic solution when placed in hot H2O (l). [it forms ZnO]

68. What would be observed when a few drops of concentrated nitric acid is added to KI (aq)?
(1) A brown solution is formed. [I- becomes I2]
(2) A brown precipitate is formed. [brown solution, not brown solid]
(3) A reddish brown gas is released. [reddish brown gas is NO2]
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
 Section 8 – Chemical Reactions and Energy
[HKDSE_2012]
69. The standard enthalpy changes of combustion of some substances are shown below:

Substance Standard enthalpy change of combustion at 298 K / kJ mol-l

H2(g) -286
C(graphite) -394
CH3CH2OH(l) -1371

The standard enthalpy change of formation at 298 K of CH3CH2OH(l) is

A. -275 kJ mol-1. [Hf[CH3CH2OH(l)] = 2Hc[C(s)] + 3Hc[H2(g)] - Hc[CH3CH2OH(l)]
B. +275 kJ mol-1.
C. +691 kJ mol-1.
D. -3017 kJ mol-1.

[HKDSE_2013]
70. For which of the following reactions must its enthalpy change be determined by INDIRECT methods?
A. Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
B. 2C(s) + O2(g) → 2CO(g) [Combustion of C gives CO2 rather than CO, and probably both]
C. CH3CH2OH(l) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)
D. MgO(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l)

[HKDSE_2014]
71. The enthalpy changes of three reactions under certain conditions are shown below :

Reaction Enthalpy change

B2H6(g) + 3 O2(g) → B2O3(s) + 3 H2O(l) -2170 kJ mol-1 – (1)

3 1 -635 kJ mol-1 – (2)

B(s) + O2(g) → B2O3(s)
4 2

1 -286 kJ mol-1 – (3)

H2(g) + O2(g) → H2O(l)
2

Which of the following is the enthalpy change of formation of B2H6(g) under the same conditions?
A. +42 kJ mol-1 [1 B2H6 requires 2 B and 3 H2  H = 2 H(2) + 3 H(3) - H(1)]
B. +614 kJ mol-1
C. +677 kJ mol-1
D. +1249 kJ mol-1
72. In an experiment, standard HCl(aq) was added from a burette to a known volume of NaOH(aq) placed in
an expanded polystyrene cup. The graph below shows the temperatures of the mixture in the cup during
the process :

What is the greatest temperature rise of the mixture in the cup as estimated from the graph above?
A. 2.0℃
B. 4.6℃
C. 6.2℃
D. 6.6℃ [refer to diagram above]

[HKDSE_2015]
73. Consider the following reactions :
(1) CO2(g) + CaO(s) → CaCO3(s) H1
(2) NH3(g) + HBr(g) → NH4Br(s) H2
(3) HF(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaF(aq) + H2O(l) H3
(4) NaHCO3(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) H4

Which of the following represents enthalpy change of neutralisation?

A. H1
B. H2
C. H3
D. H4
74. Which of the following combinations is / are correct?
Chemical reaction Enthalpy change of reaction
(1) 2H2O(l) → 2H2(g) + O2(g) positive
(2) 2CO(g) + O2(g) → 2CO2(g) positive
(3) 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g) negative
[decomposition requires energy and common reactions are mainly exothermic]
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

[HKDSE 2016]
75. 1st statement: The standard enthalpy change of formation of a compound must be a negative value.
2nd statement: Under standard conditions, a compound must be energetically more stable than its
constituent elements.
D
76. The following reaction has attained equilibrium in a fixed volume container:

CO (g) + H2O (g) ⇌ CO2 (g) + H2 (g) ∆H = – 41.1 kJ mol-1

Which of the following is correct if the temperature of the system is increased?

A. The pressure of the system remains unchanged. [for any gases mixture, an increase in temperature
will always result in an increase in pressure]
B. Both the rates of forward and backward reaction increase. [increase in temp always increases the
rates of a chemical reaction]
C. The equilibrium constant of the reaction remains unchanged. [equilibrium constant depends on
temperature]
D. The respective yields of CO2 (g) and H2 (g) increase to the same extent. [increase in temperature
shifts the equilibrium position to the left since the forward reaction is exothermic  yields of both CO2
and H2 decrease to the same extent.]
[HKDSE_2017]
77. In an experiment for studying the enthalpy change of a reaction, the variation of the temperature of content
in the reaction container with time was plotted in a graph as shown below:

The reaction starts at the third minute. Which of the following combinations is correct? [draw a vertical
line at 3 min to get the point of intersection with the straight line beyond 4 min]
The greatest temperature rise of the content Enthalpy change of the reaction
o
A. 51 C (79-28) negative
o
B. 45 C negative
C. 51 oC positive
o
D. 45 C positive