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1
4. Fundamental Principle of
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Permutations
Exercise - 2:
2
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1. If every element of a third
order determinant of value ∆ is
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of new determinant is:
(JEE 2019)
exercise questions
based on the latest JEE (a) ∆ (b) 5∆
pattern. (c) 25∆ (d) 125∆
Answer Key
3
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Founder’s Message
Dear Student,
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Exercise 1 and Exercise 2 of JEE Tatva deal with basic questions and those which can be asked or
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6
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION
Theory ................................................................................................................................................ 8
Solved examples ............................................................................................................................... 17
Exercise - 1 : Basic Objective Questions............................................................................................ 29
Exercise - 2 : Previous Year JEE MAIN Questions ........................................................................... 38
Exercise - 3 : Advanced Objective Questions .................................................................................. 44
Exercise - 4 : Previous Year JEE Advanced Questions ..................................................................... 52
Answer Key ........................................................................................................................................ 159
DEFINITE INTEGRATION, AREA UNDER CURVES
Theory ................................................................................................................................................ 54
Solved examples ............................................................................................................................... 61
Answer Key ........................................................................................................................................ 161

7
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Theory ................................................................................................................................................ 115
Solved examples ............................................................................................................................... 125
Answer Key ........................................................................................................................................ 163


Chapter 05 9
Integration is the inverse process of differentiation. That is, 4. If f1(x), f2(x), f3(x), ... (finite in number) are functions of
the process of finding a function, whose differential x, then
coefficient is known, is called integration.
If the differential coefficient of F(x) is f (x), ò [ f (x) ± f
1 2 (x) ± f 3 (x)...]dx
d = ò f1 (x)dx ± ò f 2 (x)dx ± ò f 3 (x)dx ± ...

i.e. [F(x)] = f (x), then we say that the antiderivative or
dx
5. If ò f (x)dx = F(x) + c
integral of f (x) is F(x), written as ò f (x)dx = F(x),
1
then ò f (ax ± b)dx = F(ax ± b) + c
Here ò dx is the notation of integration f (x) is the integrand, a
x is the variable of integration and dx denotes the integration
6. Suppose I and J are intervals, g: J ® I is differentiable
with respect to x.
and f : I ® R has integral with primitive F. Then
(fog).g’ : J ® R has an integral and
1. INDEFINITE INTEGRAL
ò fog .g ' x dx = ò f g x g ' x dx = F g x + c
1.1 Definition
1.3 Standard Formulae of Integration
d
We know that if [F(x)] = f (x) , then ò f (x)dx = F(x). The following results are a direct consequence of the
dx
definition of an integral.
Also, for any arbitrary constant C,
n x n +1
d d
[F(x) + C] = [F(x)] + 0 = f (x).
1. òx dx =
n +1
+ C, n ¹ -1.
dx dx
1
\ ò f (x)dx = F(x) + C, 2. ò x dx = log | x | +C
This shows that F(x) and F(x) + C are both integrals of the x
3. òe dx = e x + C
same function f(x). Thus, for different values of C, we obtain
different integrals of f(x). This implies that the integral of f(x)
is not definite. By virtue of this property F(x) is called the x ax
indefinite integral of f(x).
4. òa dx =
log e a
+ C.
1.2 Properties of Indefinite Integration

5. ò sin x dx = - cos x + C
d é
1.
dx ë ò
f (x)dx ùû = f (x) 6. ò cos x dx = sin x + C
2
d
7. ò sec x dx = tan x + C
2. ò f '(x)dx = ò dx [ f (x)]dx = f (x) + c 2
8. ò cos ec x dx = - cot x + C
3. ò k f (x)dx = k ò f (x) dx , where k is any constant 9. ò sec x tan x dx = sec x + C

10
10. ò cos ec x cot x dx = - cos ec x + C. 1 1

= f (t) = f (x n ) + c
n n
11. ò tan x dx = - log | cos x | +C = log | sec x | + C. (iii) When the integrand is of the form [ f (x)]n . f ´(x), we put
f (x) = t and f ´(x) dx = dt.
12. ò cot x dx = log | sin x | + C
13. ò sec x dx = log | sec x + tan x | + C n n t n +1 [ f (x)]n +1
Thus, ò [ f (x)] f ´(x) dx =ò t dt = n +1
=
n +1
+c
14. ò cos ec x dx = log | cos ec x - cot x | + C

f ´(x)
(iv) When the integrand is of the form , we put
dx f (x)
15. ò = sin -1 x + C ; | x | < 1
2
1- x f (x) = t and f ´(x) dx = dt.
dx
16. ò 1 + x2 = tan -1 x + C f ´( x) dt
Thus, ò dx = ò = log | t |= log| f ( x) | +c
f ( x) t
dx
17. òx = sec-1 | x | + C ; | x | > 1 2.2 Some Special Integrals
2
x -1
dx 1 x
2. INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION 1. ò x 2 + a 2 = a tan
-1
+C
a
2.1 Method of Substitution

dx 1 x -a
2. òx 2
= log
- a 2 2a x+a
+C
By suitable substitution, the variable x in ò f (x) dx is
changed into another variable t so that the integrand f (x) is dx 1 a+x
3. òa 2 2
= log +C
changed into F(t) which is some standard integral or -x 2a a-x
algebraic sum of standard integrals.
There is no general rule for finding a proper substitution dx x
4. ò = sin -1 +C
and the best guide in this matter is experience. a -x2 2 a
However, the following suggestions will prove useful.
If the integrand is of the form f ´ (ax + b), then we put dx
(i) 5. ò = log x + x 2 + a 2 + C
x + a2
2
1
ax + b = t and dx = dt.
a
dx
6. ò = log x + x 2 - a 2 + C
dt x - a2
2
Thus, ò f ´(ax + b) dx = ò f ´(t) a

x 2 a2 x
7. ò a 2 - x 2 dx = a - x 2 + sin -1 + C
1 f (t) f (ax + b) 2 2 a
= ò f ´(t) dt = = +c
a a a
x a2
(ii) When the integrand is of the form x n–1
f ´(x ), we put
n 8. ò x 2 + a 2 dx = x 2 + a 2 + log x + x 2 + a 2 + C
2 2
xn = t and nxn – 1 dx = dt.
x a2
n -1 n dt 1 9. ò x 2 - a 2 dx = x 2 - a 2 - log x + x 2 - a 2 + C
Thus, òx f ´(x )dx = ò f ´(t) = ò f ´(t) dt 2 2
n n

11
2.3 Integrals of the Form 2.5 Integrals of the Form
(a) òf a 2 - x 2 dx, px + q px + q
(a) (b) ò dx,
ò ax 2 + bx + c dx, ax 2 + bx + c
(b) òf a 2 + x 2 dx,
(c) ò ( px + q ) ax 2 + bx + c dx
2 2
(c) òf x -a dx,
Working Rule
æa-xö
(d) ò f ç ÷ dx,
èa+xø px + q
(a) ò ax 2 + bx + c dx
Working Rule
Integral Substitution Put px + q = l (2ax + b) + m or
px + q = l (derivative of quadratic) + m.
òf a 2 - x 2 dx, x = a sin q or x = a cos q
Comparing the coefficient of x and constant term on both
sides, we get
òf a 2 + x 2 dx , x = a tan q or x = a cot q
p æ bp ö
2 2 p = 2al and q = bl + m Þ l = and m = ç q - 2a ÷ .Then
ò f x - a dx, x = a sec q or x = a cosec q 2a è ø
integral becomes
æa-xö æa+ xö
ò f çè a + x ÷ø dx or ò f çè a - x ÷ø dx x = a cos 2q
px + q
ò ax 2 + bx + c dx
2.4 Integrals of the Form
p 2ax + b æ bp ö dx
2a ò ax 2 + bx + c
= dx + ç q - ÷ ò 2
dx dx è 2a ø ax + bx + c
(a) ò 2 , (b) ò ,
ax + bx + c ax 2 + bx + c
p æ bp ö dx
= log | ax 2 + bx + c | + ç q - ÷ ò 2
(c) 2
ax + bx + c dx 2a è 2a ø ax + bx + c
ò
Working Rule px + q
(b) ò dx
ax 2 + bx + c
(i) Make the coefficient of x2 unity by taking the
coefficient of x2 outside the quadratic. In this case the integral becomes
(ii) Complete the square in the terms involving x, i.e.
px + q
write ax2 + bx + c in the form Þò dx
ax 2 + bx + c
2 2
éæ b ö ù b - 4ac
a êç x + ÷ ú - . p 2ax + b æ bp ö dx
ëêè 2a ø ûú 4a Þ ò dx + ç q - ÷ ò
2a 2
ax + bx + c è 2a ø 2
ax + bx + c
(iii) The integrand is converted to one of the nine special
integrals. p æ bp ö dx
Þ ax 2 + bx + c + ç q - ÷ ò
(iv) Integrate the function. a è 2a ø ax + bx + c
2
(c) ò (px + q) ax 2 + bx + c dx
The integral in this case is converted to

12

2 p
ò (px + q) ax + bx + c dx = ò 2ax + b ax 2 + bx + c dx
2a
dx
òP , where P, Q are linear or quadratic functions of x.
æ bp ö Q
+ ç q - ÷ ò ax 2 + bx + c dx
è 2a ø Integral Substitution
1
ò (ax + b) dx cx + d = z2
p æ bp ö cx + d
= (ax 2 + bx + c)3 / 2 + ç q - ÷ ò ax 2 + bx + c dx
3a è 2a ø
dx
2.6 Integrals of the Form ò (ax 2 + bx + c) px + q
px + q = z2
P(x) dx
ò dx, where P(x) is a polynomial in x of 1
2
ax + bx + c ò (px + q) ax 2 + bx + c
px + q =
z
degree n ³ 2.
dx 1
Working Rule: ò (ax 2
+ b) cx 2 + d
x= .
z
P(x)
Write ò dx = æ p
1
p
2
p
k ö
2 ç q q q ÷ dx
ax + bx + c 2.9 Integrals of the Form ò R x, x , x ,..., x k
1 2
çç ÷÷
è ø
= (a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + ... + an -1 x n -1 )
p p p
æ 1 2 k ö
2 dx To evaluate ò R ç x, x 1 , x 2 ,..., x
q q q
k ÷ dx where R is a rational
ax + bx + c + k ò
çç ÷÷
ax 2 + bx + c è ø
where k, a0, a1, ... an – 1 are constants to be determined by p

1
p
k
q1 qk
differentiating the above relation and equating the function of its variables x, x ....., x , put x = tn where n is
coefficients of various powers of x on both sides. the L.C.M of the denomination of the fractions
2.7 Integrals of the Form p1/q1, p2/q2,....., pk/qk .
3. INTEGRATION BY PARTIAL FRACTIONS

x2 +1 x2 -1
ò x 4 + kx 2 + 1 dx or ò x 4 + kx 2 + 1 dx, p( x)
Integrals of the type ò can be integrated by resolving
where k is a constant positive, negative or zero. g ( x)
the integrand into partial fractions. We proceed as follows:
Working Rule
Check degree of p (x) and g (x).
(i) Divide the numerator and denominator by x2. If degree of p (x) > degree of g (x), then divide p (x) by g (x)
till its degree is less, i.e. put in the
1 1
(ii) Put x - = z or x + = z , whichever subsitution, on
p( x) f ( x)
x x form = r ( x) + where degree of f (x) < degree of
differentiation gives, the numerator of the resulting g ( x) g ( x)
integrand. g (x).
(iii) Evaluate the resulting integral in z CASE 1: When the denominator contains non-repeated
(iv) Express the result in terms of x. linear factors. That is

13
g (x) = (x – a1) (x – a2) ... (x – an). CASE 5 : If the integrand contains only even powers of x
In such a case write f (x) and g (x) as: (i) Put x2 = z in the integrand.
(ii) Resolve the resulting rational expression in z into
f ( x) A1 A2 An partial fractions
= + + ... +
g ( x ) ( x - a1 ) ( x - a 2 ) (x - an )
(iii) Put z = x2 again in the partial fractions and then
where A1, A2, ... An are constants to be determined by integrate both sides.
comparing the coefficients of various powers of x on both
sides after taking L.C.M. 4. INTEGRATION BY PARTS
CASE 2 : When the denominator contains repeated as well The process of integration of the product of two functions is
as non-repeated linear factor. That is known as integration by parts.
g (x) = (x – a1)2 (x – a3) ... (x – an). For example, if u and v are two functions of x,
In such a case write f (x) and g (x) as:
æ du ö
then ò (uv ) dx = u.ò v dx - ò ç .ò v dx ÷ dx.
f ( x) A1 A2 A3 An è dx ø
= + + + ... +
g ( x ) x - a1 ( x - a1 ) 2 x - a 3 (x - an ) In words, integral of the product of two functions = first function
× integral of the second – integral of (differential of first ×
where A1, A2, ... An are constants to determined by comparing integral of the second function).
the coefficients of various powers of x on both sides after
taking L.C.M. Working Hints
Note : Corresponding to repeated linear factor (x – a)r in the
(i) Choose the first and second function in such a way that
denominator, a sum of r partial fractions of the
derivative of the first function and the integral of the second
A1 A2 Ar function can be easily found.
type + + ... + is taken.
x - a (x - a) 2 (x - a) r n
(ii) In case of integrals of the form ò f (x). x dx, take xn as the
CASE 3 : When the denominator contains a non repeated
first function and f (x) as the second function.
quadratic factor which cannot be factorised further:
g (x) = (ax2 + bx + c) (x – a3) (x – a4) ... (x – an). (iii) In case of integrals of the form ò (log x ) n × 1dx , take 1 as
In such a case express f (x) and g (x) as: the second function and (log x)n as the first function.
f ( x) A1 x + A2 A3 An (iv) Rule of integration by parts may be used repeatedly, if
= + + ... +
g ( x ) ax 2 + bx + c x - a 3 x - an required.
(v) If the two functions are of different type, we can choose the
where A1, A2, ... An are constants to be determined by
first function as the one whose initial comes first in the
comparing the coefficients of various powers of x on both
word “ILATE”, where
sides after taking L.C.M.
I — Inverse Trigonometric function
CASE 4 : When the denominator contains a repeated
quadratic factor which cannot be factorised further: That is L — Logarithmic function
g (x) = (ax2 + bx + c)2 (x – a5) (x – a6) ... (x – an) A — Algebraic function
In such a case write f (x) and g (x) as T — Trigonometric function
E — Exponential function.
f ( x) A x + A2 A3 x + A4 A5 An
= 21 + 2 2
+ + ... + (vi) In case, both the functions are trigonometric, take that
g ( x ) ax + bx + c (ax + bx + c ) x - a5 (x - an )
function as second function whose integral is simple. If
where A1, A2, ... An are constants to be determined by both the functions are algebraic, take that function as first
comparing the coefficients of various powers of x on both function whose derivative is simpler.
sides after taking L.C.M.

14
(vii) If the integral consists of an inverse trigonometric function 5. INTEGRATION OF VARIOUS TRIGONOMETRIC
of an algebraic expression in x, first simplify the integrand FUNCTIONS
by a suitable trigonometric substitution and then integrate
the new integrand. 5.1 Integral of the Form
4.1 Integrals of the Form:

dx dx
Where the initial integrand reappears after integrating by
(a) ò a + b cos x (b) ò
a + b sin x
parts.
Working Rule dx
(c) ò a + b cos x + c sin x
(i) Apply the method of integration by parts twice.
(ii) On integrating by parts second time, we will obtain Working Rule
the given integrand again, put it equal to I.
(iii) Transpose and collect terms involving I on one side x x
1 - tan 2 2 tan
and evaluate I. 2 and sin x = 2
(i) Put cos x = so that the given
2 x 2 x
4.2 Integrals of the Form 1 + tan 1 + tan
2 2
x
òe éë f x + f ´ x ùû dx x
integrand becomes a function of tan .
2
Working Rule
(i) Split the integral into two integrals. x 1 2 x
(ii) Put tan = z Þ sec dx = dz
2 2 2
(ii) Integrate only the first integral by parts, i.e.
(iii) Integrate the resulting rational algebraic function of z
x
ò e éë f x + f ´ x ùû dx
x
(iv) In the answer, put z = tan .
2
= ò e x f ( x ) dx + ò e x f ´( x ) dx
= é f (x).e x - ò f ´(x).e x dx ù + ò e x f ´(x) dx
ë û
dx dx
(a) ò (b) ò
x
= e f (x) + C. a + b cos 2 x a + b sin 2 x
4.3 Integrals of the Form dx

(c) ò
a cos x + b sin x cos x + c sin 2 x
2
ò f ( x ) + xf '( x ) dx
Working Rule
= ò f ( x) dx + ò x f '( x) dx
(i) Divide the numerator and denominator by cos2x.
(ii) In the denominator, replace sec2x, if any, by 1 + tan2x.
= ò f ( x ) dx + é x f ( x) - ò 1. f ( x ) dx ù = xf ( x) + c
ë û (iii) Put tan x = z Þ sec2x dx = dz.
(iv) Integrate the resulting rational algebraic function of z.
(v) In the answer, put z = tan x.

15
5.3 Integrals of the Form (iv) Substitute the values of l, m, n found in Step (ii).

a cos x + b sin x
ò c cos x + d sin x dx
m
ò sin x cos n x dx
Working Role
Working Rule
(i) Put Numerator = l (denominator) + m (derivative of
denominator) (i) If the power of sin x is an odd positive integer, put cos x = t.
a cos x + b sin x = l (c cos x + d sin x) + m (– c sin x + d cos x).
(ii) If the power of cos x is an odd positive integer, put sin x = t.
(ii) Equate coefficients of sin x and cos x on both sides and find
the values of l and m. (iii) If the power of sin x and cos x are both odd positive integers,
put sin x = t or cos x = t.
(iii) Split the given integral into two integrals and evaluate each
integral separately, i.e. (iv) If the power of sin x and cos x are both even positive integers,
then express it as sines or cosines of multiple angles. Further
a cos x + b sin x
ò c cos x + d sin x dx = integrate term by term.
(v) If the sum of powers of sin x and cos x is an even negative
-c sin x + d cos x integer, put tan x = z.
l ò 1dx + m ò dx = l x + m log | c cos x + d sin x | .
c cos x + d sin x
(iv) Substitute the values of l and m found in step 2. 5.6 Integrating ò tan m xsec n xdx

1. When m is odd and any n, rewrite the integrand in terms of
sin x and cos x:
a + b cos x + csin x
ò e + f cos x + g sin x dx m n
æ sin x ö æ 1 ö
tan m x sec n xdx = ç ÷ ç ÷ dx
Working Rule è cos x ø è cos x ø
(i) Put Numerator = l (denominator) + m (derivative of

sin m -1 x
denominator) + n = sin x dx
cos n + m x
a + b cos x + c sin x = l (e + f cos x + g sin x) + m
( – f sin x + g cos x) + n and then substitute u = cosx., du = - sin x dx
(ii) Equate coefficients of sin x, cos x and constant term on both sides sin2x = 1 – cos2x = 1 – u2.
and find the values of l, m, n.
2. Alternatively, if m is odd and n ³ 1 move one factor of sec x
(iii) Split the given integral into three integrals and evaluate
each integral separately, i.e. tan x to the side so that you can see secx tanx dx in the
integral, and substitute u = sec x. du = sec x tan x dx and
a + b cos x + c sin x tan2x = sec2x - 1 = u2 - 1.
ò e + f cos x + g sin x dx
3. If n is even with n ³ 2, move one factor of sec2x to the side so
that you can see sec2xdx in the integral, and substitute
- f sin x + g cos x dx
= l ò 1dx + m ò dx + n ò u = tan x, du = sec2x dx and sec2x = 1 + tan2x = 1 + u2.
e + f cos x + g sin x e + f cos x + g sin x
4. When m is even and n = 0 – that is the integrand is just an
dx even power of tangent - we can still use the u = tan x
= lx + m log | e + f cos x + g sin x | + n ò dx
e + f cos x + g sin x substitution, after using tan2x = sec2x - 1 (possibly more
than once) to create a sec2x.

16
n
6. REDUCTION FORMULA 6.2 Reduction Formula for ò cos x dx
Reduction formuale makes it possible to reduce an integral n n -1

Let I n = ò cos x dx = ò cos x cos x dx
depending on the index n > 0, called the order of the integral,
to an integral of the same type with smaller index. (i.e. To
reduce the integral into similar integral of order less than or nI n = cos n -1 x sin x + (n - 1) I n - 2
greater than given integral). Application of reduction formula
is given with the help of some examples. cos n -1 x sin x n - 1
or ò cos n x dx = + cos n - 2 x dx
n n ò
n
6.1 Reduction Formula for ò sin x dx
n
6.3 Reduction Formula for ò tan x dx
n n -1
Let I n = ò sin x dx = ò sin x sin x dx
I II tan n -1 x
In = - I n- 2
n -1
= - sin n -1 x cos x + ò ( n - 1) sin n - 2 x cos 2 x dx
n tan n -1 x
n -1 n-2 2 ò tan x dx = - ò tan n - 2 x dx
= - sin x cos x + ( n - 1) ò sin x (1 - sin x ) dx n -1
= - sin n -1 x cos x + ( n - 1) ò (sin n - 2 x - sin n x) dx
= - sin n -1 x cos x + (n - 1) I n - 2 - ( n - 1) I n
\ nI n = - sin n -1 x cos x + (n - 1) I n - 2
sin n -1 x cos x n - 1
Þ In = - + In -2
n n
n - sin n -1 x cos x n - 1
Thus, ò sin x dx = + ò sin n - 2 x dx
n n

INDEFINITE INTEGRATION 17
SOLVED EXAMPLES
Example – 1 Example – 3
æ 3 7 2 ö x4
Evaluate : ò çè x + 5x 2 - 4 + + ÷ dx Evaluate : ò x 2 + 1 dx
x xø
æ 3 2 7 2 ö x4
Sol. ç x + 5x - 4 + + ÷ dx ò x 2 + 1 dx
ò è x xø
Sol.
7 2 x4 -1+ 1 x 4 -1 1
3 2
= ò x dx + ò 5x dx - ò 4dx + ò dx + ò dx = ò 2 dx = ò x 2 + 1 + x 2 + 1 dx
x x x +1
3 2 1 2 1 x3
= ò x dx + 5 . ò x dx - 4 . ò1 . dx + 7 . ò dx + 2 . ò x -1/ 2 dx = ò (x - 1) dx + ò x 2 + 1 dx = – x + tan–1 x + C
x 3
Example – 4
x4 x3 æ x1/ 2 ö
= + 5. - 4x + 7 log| x | +2 ç ÷+C
4 3 è 1/ 2 ø
2x + 3x
Evaluate : ò 5x dx
x4 5 3
= + x - 4x + 7 log | x | + 4 x + C
4 3 2x + 3x
Sol. ò 5x
dx
Example – 2
æ 2x 3x ö
x log a a log x a log a
= ò çè 5 + ÷ dx
Evaluate : ò e + e + e dx x
5x ø
x x
Sol. We have, é æ 2ö æ3ö ù (2 / 5) x (3 / 5) x
= ò ê +
ç ÷ ç ÷ ú dx = + +C
x log a a log x a log a ëê è 5 ø è 5 ø ûú log e 2 / 5 log e 3 / 5
ò e + e + e dx
x a a Example – 5
= ò elog a + elog x + elog a dx
3
x a a Evaluate : òx sin x 4 dx
= ò (a + x + a ) dx
x
= ò a dx +
a
dx + ò a a dx Sol. We have
òx
3 4
I = ò x sin x dx
ax x a +1
= + + aa . x + C.
log a a + 1 Let x4 = t Þ d(x4) = dt
1
Þ 4x3 dx = dt Þ dx = dt
4x 3
1 cos t cos ( x 4 )
I= sin t dt = - + C
4ò
= - +C
4 4

Example – 6 1
= (x + 1) x 2 + 2x + 5 + 2 log |(x + 1) + x 2 + 2x + 5 | + C
2
x
Evaluate : ò x 4 + x 2 + 1 dx Example – 8
Sol. We have, 1
Evaluate : ò x 2 - x + 1 dx
x x
I= ò x 4 + x 2 + 1 dx = ò (x 2 )2 + x 2 + 1 dx
1
Let x2 = t, then, d (x2) = dt
Sol. ò x 2 - x + 1 dx
Þ 2x dx = dt
1
Þ dx =
dt = ò 1 1
dx
x2 - x + - + 1
2x 4 4
x dt
I= ò . 1
2
t + t + 1 2x = ò (x - 1/ 2) 2
dx
+ 3/ 4
1 1
=
2 ò 2
t + t +1
dt
1
= ò 2 dx
(x - 1/ 2) 2 + 3/2
1 1
= ò
2 æ 1 ö æ 3 ö2
2
dt
ç t + ÷ + çç ÷ 1 æ x - 1/ 2 ö
è 2 ø è 2 ÷ø = tan–1 ç ÷ +C
3/2 è 3/2 ø
æ 1ö 2 æ 2x - 1 ö
1 çt+ ÷ = tan–1 ç
1 2÷ 3 ÷ + C.
ç è 3 ø
= . 3 tan–1 ç 3 ÷ +C
2 2 ç ÷
è 2 ø Example – 9
1 æ 2t + 1 ö 1 æ 2x 2 + 1 ö 1
= tan–1 ç ÷ + C = tan–1
ç ÷ + C. Evaluate : ò dx
3 è 3 ø 3 è 3 ø 9 + 8x - x 2
Example – 7
1
Sol. ò 9 + 8x - x 2
dx
Evaluate : ò x 2 + 2x + 5 dx
1
Sol. We have, = ò 2
-{x - 8x - 9}
dx
ò x 2 + 2x + 5
1
= ò 2
-{x - 8x + 16 - 25}
dx
= ò x 2 + 2 x + 1 + 4dx = ò ( x + 1)2 + 2 2 dx
1
1
= (x + 1)
1
(x + 1) + 2 + . (2)2 log |(x + 1)
2 2 = ò -{(x - 4) 2 - 52 }
dx
2 2
+ (x + 1) 2 + 2 2 | + C 1 æ x-4ö
= ò 2
5 - (x - 4) 2
dx = sin–1 ç ÷ +C
è 5 ø

Example – 10 2 2
1 11 æ 1ö æ1ö
= ò t dt – ò ç x + ÷ - ç ÷ dx where
2 2 è 2ø è 2ø
2x + 3
Evaluate : ò dx
2
x + 4x + 1 t = x2 + x
éì 2 2 ù
1 t 3/ 2 11 ê ïí 1 æç x + 1 ö÷ æç x + 1 ö÷ - æç 1 ö÷ ú
2x + 3 = . -
Sol. ò dx 2 3/ 2 2 êï 2 è 2ø è 2ø è2ø ú
x 2 + 4x + 1 ëî û
(2x + 4) - 1 é 2 ù
1 ö æ 1 ö üï
2 2
= ò 2
x + 4x + 1
dx 1 æ1ö æ 1ö æ
- . ç ÷ log êç x + ÷ + ç x + ÷ - ç ÷ ýú + C
2 è2ø êè 2ø è 2 ø è 2 ø ïú
ë þû
2x + 4 1
= ò 2
x + 4x + 1
dx – ò 2
dx
1 3/2 11 é 2x + 1 2 1 æ 1ö ù
x + 4x + 1 x + x - ln ç x + ÷ + x 2 + x ú + C
= t – ê
3 2 ë 4 8 è 2 ø û
dt 1
= ò t
– ò 2
2
dx, where t = x2 + 4x + 1
1 2
(x + 2) - 3 = (x + x)3/2
3
=2 t – log | (x + 2) + x 2 + 4x + 1 | + C 11 é 2x + 1 x 2 + x - 1 ln æ x + 1 ö + x 2 + x ù
– ê ç ÷ ú +C
2 ë 4 8 è 2ø û
= 2 x 2 + 4x + 1 – log | x + 2 + x 2 + 4x + 1 | + C
1- x2
Evaluate : ò (x - 5) x 2 + x dx
ò 1 + x2 + x4
dx
d
Sol Let (x – 5) = l . (x2 + x) + m. Then, æ 1ö
dx - ç1 - 2 ÷ dx
x ø
x – 5 = l (2x + 1) + m. Sol. ò è (Dividing numerator and denominator by x 2 )
2 1
x + 2 +1
Comparing coefficients of like powers of x, we get x
1 11
1 = 2l and l + m = – 5 Þ l = and m = – 1
2 2 Put x+ =t
x
ò (x - 5) x 2 + x dx dt
Þ -ò 2
t -1
æ1 11 ö
= ò çè 2 (2x + 1) - 2 ÷ø x 2 + x dx
1 t -1
= - ln +C
2 t +1
1 11
= ò 2 (2x + 1) x 2 + x dx – 2 ò x 2 + x dx
1
x+ -1
1 x
1 11 = - ln +C
= ò (2x + 1) x 2 + x dx – ò x 2 + x dx 2 1
2 2 x + +1
x

Example – 13
1 æ u ö 1 1 n- 2
= tan–1 ç ÷ – log +C
2 2 è 2ø 2 2 2 n+ 2
1
Evaluate : ò x 4 + 1 dx
1 æ x - 1/ x ö 1 x + 1/ x - 2
= tan–1 ç ÷– log +C
2 2 è 2 ø 4 2 x + 1/ x + 2
Sol. We have,
1 1 æ x2 -1 ö 1 x2 - 2 x + 1
I= ò x 4 + 1 dx = tan–1 çç ÷÷ – log 2 +C
2 2 è 2xø 4 2 x + x 2 +1
1 Example – 14
x2
Þ I= ò 1
dx
x2 + Evaluate : ò x log(1 + x) dx
x2
2 Sol.
1 2
ò x log(1+ x) dx
II I
Þ I= ò x dx
2 x2 + 1
x2 x2 1 x2
= log (x + 1) .
2
– ò x +1 . 2
dx
1 1
1+ 2 1- 2 x2 1 x2
1 x - x dx
Þ I= ò
2 x2 + 1 x2 + 1
=
2
log (x + 1) –
2 ò x + 1 dx
x2 x2
x2 1 x 2 -1 + 1
=
2
log (x + 1) –
2 ò x +1
dx
1 1
1+ 2 1- 2
1 x 1 x dx x2 1 x2 -1 1
Þ I= ò dx – ò = log (x + 1) – ò + dx
2 x2 + 1 2 x2 + 1 2 2 x +1 x +1
x2 x2
x2 1é æ 1 ö ù
= log (x + 1) – ê ò ç (x - 1) + ÷ dx
2 2ë è x + 1 ø úû
1
1+
1 x2 2
Þ I= ò
2 æ 1ö
2 dx
=
x2
log (x + 1) –
1 éx ù
ê - x + log | x + 1|ú + C
çx - ÷ +2 2 2 ë2 û
è xø
Example – 15
1
1-
1 x2 sin -1 x - cos -1 x
Þ I=–
2
ò æ 1 ö2 dx Evaluate ò sin -1 dx
çx + ÷ -2 x + cos -1 x
è xø
1 1 sin -1 x - cos -1 x
Putting x – = u in 1st integral and x + = n in 2nd Sol. ò sin -1 dx
x x x + cos -1 x
integral, we get
sin -1 x - ( p / 2 - sin -1 x )
=ò dx
1 du 1 dn p/ 2
I= ò 2
- ò 2
2 u + 2
2 2 n - 2
2
{Q sin–1 q + cos–1 q = p/2}.

2
I= (2 sin -1 x - p / 2) dx Sol. Given, òf x dx = ψ x
pò
Þ
5 3
Let I= ò x f x dx
4
I = ò sin -1 x dx - ò 1.dx
p
put x 3 = t
4
I= sin -1 x dx - x + c
pò
... (i)
dt
Þ x 2 dx = ....(i)
3
Let x = sin2 q, then dx = 2 sin q cos q dq = sin 2q dq
-1
\ ò sin x dx = ò q .sin 2 q dq 1
\I = t f t dt
3ò
I II
applying integration by parts
-1 cos 2q 1 1é ìd ü ù
ò sin x dx = -q .
2
+ ò cos 2q dq
2
= êt ò f t dt - ò í t
3ë î dt
ò f (t) dt ýþ dt úû
-q 1 [Integration by parts]
= .cos 2q + sin 2q
2 4
1é
-1. q 1 = tψ t - ò ψ t dt ù
= . (1 - 2 sin 2 q) + .sin q . 1 - sin 2 q 3ë û
2 2
-1 -1 1 1
= sin x (1 - 2x) + . x 1 - x ... (ii) = é x 3 ψ x3 - 3ò x 2 ψ x3 dx ù + c from ....(i)
2 2 3ë û
from (i) and (ii)

1
= x 3 ψ x3 - ò x 2 ψ x 3 dx + c
4 ì -1 -1 1 ü 3
I= í (sin x ) (1 - 2x) + x 1- x ý - x + c
pî2 2 þ
Example – 17
2
= { x - x 2 - (1 - 2x) sin -1 x} - x + c
p
Evaluate ò elog x + sin x cos x dx.
Example – 16
Sol. e log x + sin x cos x dx
ò
5 3
If ò f x dx = y x , then ò x f x dx is equal to
I = ò ( x + sin x) cos x dx
1é 3
(a) x y x 3 - ò x 2 y x3 dx ù + C
3ë û
1
I = ò x cos x dx + sin2 x dx
2ò
1 3
(b) x y x 3 - 3ò x3 y x 3 dx + C
3
1
= x sin x - ò sin x + x - cos 2 x + c
1 3 3 2 3 4
(c) x y x - ò x y x dx + C
3
1
1é 3 = x sin x + cos x - cos 2 x + c
(d) x y x 3 - ò x3 y x3 dx ù + C 4
3ë û
Ans. (c)

Example – 18 1 2x
\I = e tan x + c
2
Evaluate
Example – 19
x æ 1 + sin x cos x ö æ 1 + sin 2x ö
2x
(i) ò e ç ÷ dx (ii) ò e ç ÷ dx
è cos 2 x ø è 1 + cos 2x ø x - 1 ex
Evaluate ò x +1
3
dx.
æ 1 + sin x cos x ö
Sol. (i) I = ò e x ç ÷ dx
è cos 2 x ø ex
Ans. 2
+c
x +1
ì 1 sin x cos x ü
I = ò ex í 2 + ý dx
î cos x cos2 x þ
Sol. ( x - 1)e x ( x + 1 - 2)e x
I=ò dx = ò ( x + 1)3 dx
I = ò e x {tan x + sec2 x}dx ( x + 1)3
M–I : I = ò e x .tan x dx + ò e x (sec2 x ) dx é 1 -2 ù

II I = ò ex ê 2
+ ú dx
ë ( x + 1) ( x + 1)3 û
I = tan x . e x - ò sec 2 x.e x dx + ò e x .sec2 x dx + c
Q ò e x f (x) + f '(x) dx = e x f (x) + c
I = ex tan x + c.
M–II : ò ex f (x) + f '(x) dx = ex f (x) + c =

ex
+c
( x + 1) 2
= e x tan x + c
Example – 20
ì 1 + sin 2x ü
(ii) I = ò e 2x í ý dx
î1 + cos 2x þ 3x - 5
Evaluate ò (3x - 2) (x + 1) 2
dx
ì1 + 2 sin x cos x ü
= ò e 2x í ý dx
î 2 cos 2 x þ
3x - 5 A B C
Sol. Let 2
= + +
ì 1 2sin x cos x ü (3x - 2) (x + 1) 3x - 2 x + 1 (x + 1) 2
= ò e 2x í 2
+ ý dx
î 2 cos x 2 cos 2 x þ
\ 3x – 5 = A (x + 1)2 + B (3x – 2) (x + 1) + C (3x – 2)
ì1 ü
= ò e 2x í sec2 x + tan x ý dx
î 2 þ 2 27
Putting x = , we get A = -
3 25
1 2x
M–I : I = ò e2x .tan x dx + e .sec2 x dx
II I 2ò 8
Putting x = –1, we get C = ;
5
e 2x e2x 1
= tan x . - ò sec 2 x. dx + ò e 2x .sec 2 x dx
2 2 2
9
Putting x = 0, we get B =
1 25
I = e 2x .tan x + c .
2
é 27 1 9 1 8 1 ù
1 \ I = ò ê- . + . + . 2 ú
dx
M–II : I = ò e 2x 2 tan x + sec2 x dx ë 25 3x - 2 25 (x + 1) 5 (x + 1) û
2
Q ò eg(x) f (x).g '(x) + f '(x) dx = eg(x) f (x) + c 9 9 8 1

=- log | 3x - 2 | + log | x + 1 | - . +c.
25 25 5 (x + 1)

Example – 21
x4 1
\ 2
= x +1+
(x - 1) (x + 1) (x - 1) (x 2 + 1)
dx
Evaluate ò (x - 1) (x 2
+ 1)
x4 dx
\ ò (x - 1) (x 2 + 1) dx = ò (x + 1) dx+ ò (x - 1) (x 2 + 1)
1 A Bx + C
Sol. Let = + 2
2
(x - 1) (x + 1) x - 1 x + 1 x2 æ 1 x 1 1 ö÷
= + x +çò - - dx
2 ç 2(x - 1) 2 x 2 + 1 2 x 2 + 1 ÷
è ø
A(x 2 + 1) + (Bx + C) (x - 1)
=
(x - 1) (x 2 + 1) (By Partial Fraction)
or 1 = A (x2 + 1) + (Bx + C) (x – 1) x2 1 1 1
= + x + log | x - 1| - log | x 2 + 1 | - tan -1 x + c
2 2 4 2
1
Putting x = 1, we get A = ;
2 Example – 23
1
Putting x = 0, we get A – C = 1 \ C = A - 1 = - x 3 + 3x + 2
2 Evaluate ò (x 2 + 1)2 (x + 1) dx
Putting x = –1, we get 2A – 2 (–B + C) = 1
æ 1ö 1
or 1 + 2B – 2 ç - ÷ = 1 \B = - x (x 2 + 1) + 2 (x + 1)
è 2ø 2 Sol. I = ò dx
(x 2 + 1)2 (x + 1)
1 1 1 x +1
Now = - . x dx
(x - 1) (x 2 + 1) 2(x - 1) 2 x 2 + 1 =ò dx + 2 ò ... (1)
(x 2 + 1) (x + 1) (1 + x 2 ) 2
dx 1 1 x 1 dx
\ ò (x - 1) (x 2
=ò dx - òx 2
dx - ò 2 x A Bx + C
+ 1) 2(x - 1) 2 +1 2 x +1 Let = +
(1 + x) (1 + x ) 1 + x 1 + x 2
2
1 1 1 \ x = A (1 + x2) + (Bx + C) (1 + x)
= log | x - 1 | - log (x 2 + 1) - tan -1 x + c
2 4 2
1
Putting x = –1, we get A = -
Example – 22 2
x4 1
Putting x = 0, we get, 0 = A + C Þ C = -A =
Find ò (x - 1) (x 2 + 1) dx 2
Putting x = 1, we get 1 = 2A + 2(B + C)
x +1 1
3 2 4
= 2A + 2B + 2C = –1 + 2B + 1 \ B =
Sol. x - x + x - 1 x 2
x 4 - x 3 + x 2 - x,
æ 1 1ö
+ - + ç x+ ÷
x 1 2 2
x3 - x 2 + x \ ò (1 + x) (1 + x 2 ) dx = ò çç - 2(1 + x) + 1 + x 2 ÷÷ dx
ç ÷
x3 - x 2 + x - 1 è ø
+ - +
1 1 1 x 1 dx
=- log | 1 + x | + ò dx + ò
2 2 1 + x2 2 1+ x2

1 1 1 1 A B C
=- log | 1 + x | + log (1 + x 2 ) + tan -1 x Let = + +
... (2) (1 - y) (1 + y) (1 + 2y) 1 - y 1 + y 1 + 2y
2 4 2
dx A(1 + y) (1 + 2y) + B (1 - y) (1 + 2y) + C (1 - y) (1 + y)

To evaluate : ò (1 + x 2 2
, put x = tan q =
) (1 - y) (1 + y) (1 + 2y)
\ 1 = A (1 + y) (1 + 2y) + B (1 – y) (1 + 2y) + C (1 – y) (1+y)

dx sec 2 q
Then, ò = dq
(1 + x 2 )2 ò (1 + tan 2 q) 2 1 1 4
Putting y = 1, we get A = ; putting y = - , we get C =
6 2 3
1 + cos 2q
= ò cos 2 qdq = ò dq
2 1
Putting y = –1, we get B = -
2
1 é sin 2q ù 1
= q+ = [q + sin q cos q]
2 êë 2 úû 2 é 1
Now I = - ò ê
1 4 ù
- + ú dy
ë 6 (1 - y) 2 (1 + y) 3 (1 + 2y) û
1 é -1 x 1 ù
= ê tan x + . ú
2ë 1 1 2
1+ x2 1+ x2 û = - log|1 - y | + log | 1 + y | - log |1 + 2y | +c
6 2 3
1 1 x
= tan -1 x + 1 1
2 2 1+ x2 = - log (1 - cos x) + log (1 + cos x)
6 2
Now from (1),
2
3 1 1 x - log | 1 + 2 cos x | +c
I = tan -1 x - log | 1 + x | + log (1 + x 2 ) + +c 3
2 2 4 1+ x2
Example – 25
Example – 24
Evaluate ò sin -11/ 3 x cos -1/ 3 x dx

dx
Evaluate ò
sin x + sin 2x
-11/ 3
Sol. Here, ò sin x, cos -1/ 3 x dx
Sol. Let the given integral be I, then
i.e., æ 11 1 ö
dx dx ç - - ÷ = -4
I=ò =ò è 3 3ø
sin x + 2sin x cos x sin x(1 + 2 cos x)
cos -1/ 3
sin x dx sin xdx \ I=ò -1/ 3 4
dx = ò (cot -1/ 3 x) (cosec2 x)2 .dx
=ò 2 =ò 2
sin x .sin x
sin x(1 + 2 cos x) (1 - cos x) (1 + 2 cos x)
Put cos x = y so that –sin x dx = dy. I = ò (cot -1/ 3 x) (1 + cot 2 x) cosec2 x dx.
-dy {let cot x = t, –cosec2 x dx = dt}

\ I=ò
(1 - y 2 ) (1 + 2y)
= - ò t -1/ 3 (1 + t 2 ) dt = - ò (t -1/ 3 + t 5 / 3 ) dt
dy
= -ò ì3 3 ü
(1 - y) (1 + y) (1 + 2y) = - í t 2 / 3 + t8 / 3 ý + c
î 2 8 þ
1
Now we break (1 - y) (1 + y) (1 + 2y) into partial fractions ì3 3 ü
= - í (cot 2 / 3 x) + (cot8 / 3 x) ý + c .
î2 8 þ

Example – 26
-3sin x + 2cos x
= m ò 1 . dx + l ò dx
3cos x + 2sin x
1
Evaluate : ò 1 + sin x + cos x dx
dt
=mx+l ò t
, where t = 3 cos x + 2 sin x
1 = m x + l ln | t | + C
Sol. I = ò 1 + sin x + cos x dx
12 -5
= x+ ln | 3 cos x + 2 sin x | + C
13 13
1
= ò dx
2 tan x / 2 1 - tan 2 x / 2 Example – 28
1+ +
1 + tan 2 x / 2 1 + tan 2 x / 2
3cos x + 2
Evaluate : ò sin x + 2 cos x + 3 dx
1 + tan 2 x / 2
= ò 1 + tan 2 x / 2 + 2 tan x / 2 + 1 - tan 2 x / 2 dx Sol. We have,
3cos x + 2
sec 2 x / 2 I= ò sin x + 2 cos x + 3 dx
=ò dx
2 + 2 tan x / 2
Let 3 cos x + 2 = l (sin x + 2 cos x + 3) +
x 1 x m (cos x – 2 sin x) + n
Putting tan = t and sec2 dx = dt, we get
2 2 2
Comparing the coefficients of sin x, cos x and constant term
on both sides, we get
1 x
I= ò t + 1 dt = log | t + 1| + C = log tan
2
+1 + C l – 2m = 0, 2l + m = 3, 3l + n = 2
6 3 8
Example – 27 Þ l= , m = and n = –
5 5 5
3sin x + 2 cos x l(sin x + 2 cos x + 3) + m(cos x - 2 sin x) + n

Evaluate : ò 3cos x + 2 sin x dx \ I= dx
ò sin x + 2 cos x + 3
3sin x + 2 cos x cos x - 2sin x

Sol. I = ò 3cos x + 2 sin x dx Þ I = l ò dx + m ò sin x + 2 cos x + 3 dx +
d 1
Let 3 sin x + 2 cos x = l. (3 cos x + 2 sin x ) +
dx n ò sin x + 2 cos x + 3 dx
m (3 cos x + 2 sin x) Þ I = l x + m log | sin x + 2 cos x + 3 | + n I1, where
Þ 3 sin x + 2 cos x = l (–3 sin x + 2 cos x) +
1
m (3 cos x + 2 sin x ) I1 = ò sin x + 2 cos x + 3 dx
Comparing the coefficients of sin x and cos x on both sides,
we get
2 tan x / 2 1 - tan 2 x / 2
– 3l + 2m = 3 and 2l + 3m = 2 Putting, sin x = , cos x = we get
1 + tan 2 x / 2 1 + tan 2 x / 2
12 5
Þ m= and l = – 1
13 13 I1 = ò dx
2 tan x / 2 2(1 - tan 2 x / 2)
+ +3
l(-3sin x + 2 cos x) + m(3cos x + 2sin x) 1 + tan 2 x / 2 1 + tan 2 x / 2
\ I= ò dx
3cos x + 2sin x

Example – 30
1 + tan 2 x / 2
=ò dx
2 tan x / 2 + 2 - 2 tan 2 x / 2 + 3(1 + tan 2 x / 2)
Evaluate ò sin 3 x.cos 5 x dx
sec 2 x / 2
= ò tan 2
x / 2 + 2 tan x / 2 + 5
dx
Sol. I = ò sin 3 x.cos5 x dx
Put tan x / 2 = t Let cos x = t Þ – sin x dx = dt
1 I = - ò (1 - t 2 ) . t 5 .dt
sec 2 x / 2. dx = dt
2
t8 t 6
2 dt dt I = ò t 7 dt - ò t 5 dt = - +c
sec x / 2dx = 2dt = 2ò 2 = 2ò 2 2
8 6
t + 2t + 5 t +1 + 2
cos8 x cos6 x
I= - +c
æ t +1 ö 8 6
= tan -1 ç ÷+C
è 2 ø
Method II: I = ò R 3 (1 - R 2 ) 2 dR, if sin x = R, cos x dx = dR.
æ æ xö ö
ç tan ç 2 ÷ + 1 ÷ I = ò R 3 dR - ò 2R 5 dR + ò R 7 dR
= 2 tan -1 ç è ø ÷+C
ç 2 ÷
ç
è
÷
ø sin 4 x 2sin 6 x sin 8 x
I= - + +c
4 6 8
Example – 29
Example – 31
1 sin x Evaluate
Integrate or .
1 - cot x sin x - cos x
1
sin x
(i) ò sin (x - a) cos (x - b) dx
Sol. Let I = ò dx
sin x - cos x
1
Again, let sin x = A(cos x + sin x) + B(sin x - cos x) then
(ii) ò cos (x - a) cos (x - b) dx
A + B = 1 and A - B = 0
1 1 1
Þ A= ,B = Sol. (i) I = ò dx
2 2 sin (x - a) cos (x - b)
1 1 cos (a - b) dx
(cos x + sin x) + (sin x - cos x) I= .ò
\I = ò 2 2 dx cos (a - b) sin (x - a) cos (x - b)
(sin x - cos x)
1 cos {(x - b) - (x - a)}
1 cos x + sin x 1 = .ò dx
= ò dx + ò 1dx + c cos (a - b) sin (x - a) cos (x - b)
2 sin x - cos x 2
1
=
cos (a - b)
1 1
= log(sin x - cos x) + x + c
2 2
ì cos (x - b) . cos (x - a) sin (x - b) . sin (x - a) ü
.ò í + ý dx
î sin (x - a) cos (x - b) sin (x - a) cos (x - b) þ

1 sin t cosα+cos t sin α

I= ò dt
cos (a - b) ò
I= {cot (x - a) + tan (x - b)} dx
sin t
1 = ò cos α dt + ò sin α cot t dt

I= {log | sin (x - a) | - log | cos (x - b) |} + c
cos (a - b)
= t cos α + sinα ln sin t + c
1 sin (x - a) = x - α cos α +sinα ln sin x - α + c

I= log e +c
cos (a - b) cos (x - b)
Þ A = cos α, B=sin α
1
(ii) I=ò dx Example – 33
cos (x - a) cos (x - b)
dx
=
1 sin (a - b) dx ò cos x - sin x is equal to
sin (a - b) ò cos (x - a) cos (x - b)
1 æ x 3p ö
(a) log tan ç - ÷ + C
1 sin {(x - b) - (x - a)} 2 è2 8 ø
= ò dx
sin (a - b) cos (x - a) cos (x - b) 1 æxö
(b) log cot ç ÷ + C
2 è2ø
1 ì sin (x - b) cos (x - a) cos (x - b) sin (x - a) ü
=
sin (a - b) ò î cos (x - a) cos (x - b) cos (x - a) cos (x - b) þ
í - ý dx 1 æ x pö
(c) log tan ç - ÷ + C
2 è2 8ø
1 1 æ x 3p ö
sin (a - b) ò
= {tan (x - b) - tan (x - a)} dx (d) log tan ç + ÷ + C
2 è2 8 ø
Ans. (d)
1 dx 1 dx
= [–log |cos (x–b)| + log | cos (x–a)|] + c
sin (a - b)
Sol. ò cos x - sin x = 2
ò æ πö
cos ç x + ÷
è 4ø
1 é cos (x - a) ù dx 1
= êlog ú+c
sin (a - b) ë cos (x - b) û ò cos x - sin x = 2
æ πö 1 æ x 3π ö
Example – 32
ò sec çè x + 4 ÷ø dx = 2
log tan ç + ÷ + c
è2 8 ø
sin x Example – 34
If ò sin x -a
dx = Ax + B log sin (x – a) + C, then the
value of (A, B) is sin8 x - cos8 x

ò dx is equal to:
(a) (–sin a, cos a) (b) (cos a, sin a) 1 - 2sin 2 x cos 2 x
(c) (sin a, cos a) (d) (–cos a, sin a)
Ans. (b) 1 1
(a) sin 2x + c (b) - sin 2x + c
2 2
sin x
So ò sin dx
x-α 1
(c) - sin x + c (d) - sin2 x + c
2
Let x - α = t Þ x = t + α Þ dx = dt
Ans. (b)
sin t+α 8 8
I= ò dt
Sol. = sin x - cos x dx
sin t ò 1- 2sin2 x cos2 x

sin 4 x - cos 4 x sin 4 x + cos 4 x (t 2 + 1) 2t dt

=ò dx I= ò {(t 2
- 1) 2 + 3(t 2 - 1) + 3} t 2
1 - 2sin 2 x cos 2 x
sin 2 x - cos 2 x 1 - 2 sin 2 x cos 2 x 1

=ò dx 1+
2
1 - 2 sin x cos x 2 (t 2 + 1) t2
Þ I=2 ò 4 2
t + t +1
dt = 2 ò 2 1 dt
t + 2 +1
t
= ò - cos 2x dx
-1 du 1
= sin 2 x + c
2 Þ I=2 ò 2¢ where t –
t
= u.
u2 + 3
Example – 35
x+2 ì 1ü
Evaluate : ò (x 2 + 3x + 3) dx 2 æ u ö ït - ï
2
x +1 Þ I= tan–1 ç ÷ +C= tan–1 í t ý + C
3 è 3ø 3 ï 3 ï
î þ
x+2
Sol. Let I = ò (x 2 + 3x + 3) x +1
dx
2 æ t2 -1 ö 2 ìï x üï
2
Þ I= tan–1 çç ÷÷ + C = tan–1 í ý +C
Putting x + 1 = t , and dx = 2t dt, we get 3 èt 3ø 3 ïî 3 (x + 1) þï

EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Integral as an anti-derivative
æ 2x - 5x ö
5. ò çè ÷ dx is equal to
3 10 x ø
æ 1ö
1. ò çè x - x ÷ø dx, x > 0 equals
2- x 5- x 2x 5x
(a) - +c (b) - +c
log e 2 log e 5 log e 2 log e 5
x3 3 2 1
(a) - x + 3log x + 2 + C
3 2 2x
2x 5x 5- x 2- x
(c) + +c (d) - +c
x4 3 2 1 log e 2 log e 5 log e 5 log e 2
(b) - x + 3log x + 2 + C
4 2 2x
2
6. ò sec ax + b dx equals
x4 1
(c) + 3log x + 2 + C
4 2x 1
(a) tan (ax + b) + C (b) tan x + C
2
(d) none of these
1
æ 6 ö (c) tan ax + b + C (d) none of these
2. The value of ò ç 2
+ 10 x ÷ dx is a
è1+ x ø
(a) 6 tan–1 x + 10x loge 10 + C dx

7. ò sin 2
x cos 2 x
is equal to
-1 10 x
(b) 6 tan x + +C
log e 10 (a) tan x + cot x + C (b) (tan x + cot x)2 + C
(c) tan x – cot x + C (d) (tan x – cot x)2 + C
10 x
(c) 3 tan -1 x + +C sin 6 x + cos 6 x
log e 10 dx is equal to
8. ò sin 2 x cos2 x
(d) none of these
(a) tan x + cot x + 3x + c (b) tan x + cot x – 3x + c
2
3. ò tan x + cot x dx is equal to (c) tan x – cot x – 3x + c (d) tan x – cot x + 3x + c
(a) tan x – cot x + c (b) tan x + cot x + c Integrations by substitution
(c) cot x – tan x + c (d) none of these

1+ x
9. ò dx equals
2
x + cos x 2 1- x
4. ò dx is equals to
1 + x 2 sin 2 x
-1 2
(a) sin -1 x + 1 - x2 + c (b) sin x + x - 1 + c
(a) tan–1 x + cot x + c (b) tan–1 x – cot x + c
(c) cot–1 x – tan x + c (d) – tan–1 x – cot x + c (c) sin -1 x - 1 - x 2 + c (d) sin -1 x - x 2 - 1 + c

2
sin -1 x
3 15. ò sec x cos tan x dx equals
10. ò dx is equal to
1 - x2 (a) sin (cos x) + C (b) sin (tan x) + C
(c) cosec (tan x) + C (d) none of these
2 3
sin -1 x sin -1 x n
x sec 2 x dx equals
(a) +c (b) +c
16. ò tan
2 3
tan n -1 x tan n +1 x
(a) +C (b) +C
4 n -1 n +1
sin -1 x sin -1 x
(c) +c (d) +c
x 4 (c) tann + 1 x + C (d) none of these
11. n sin 2 x
ò sec x tan x dx is equal to 17. ò 1 + cos4 x dx is equal to
secn x sec 2 x (a) cos–1 (cos2 x) + c (b) sin–1 (cos2 x) + c
(a) +c (b) +c
n 2 (c) cot–1 (cos2 x) + c (d) none of these
dx
tan x secn x tan x 18. ò x+ equals
(c) +c (d) +c x
n n
(a) 2 log x -1 + c (b) 2 log x +1 + c

cos3 x
12. ò sin 2 x + sin x dx is equal to (c) tan–1 x + c (d) none of these
(a) log |cos x| – sin x + c (b) log |sin x| – sin x + c

x5
19. ò dx equals
(c) log |sin x| + cos x + c (d) log |cos x| – cos x + c 1 + x3
log e x
13. òx dx = 2 3 2 3
1 + log e x (a) x -2 1 + x3 + c (b) x +2 1 + x3 + c
9 9
(a) (1 + loge x)3/2 + c
(c) x 3 + 2 1 + x3 + c (d) none of these
2
(b) (1 + loge x) (loge x – 2) + c
3 dx
20. ò 3x 2 + 2 x + 1 equals
2
(c) (1 + loge x)1/2 (loge x – 5) + c
3 1 æ 3x + 1 ö
(a) tan -1 ç ÷+C
2 è 2 ø
2
(d) (1 + loge x)1/2 (loge x – 2) + c
3
1 æ 3x - 1 ö
(b) tan -1 ç ÷+C
2 è 2 ø
1
14. ò x log x dx is equal to
1 æ 3x - 1 ö
(c) - tan -1 ç ÷+C
(a) log |x log x| + C (b) log |log x + x| + C 2 è 2 ø
(c) log x + C (d) log |log x| + C
(d) none of these

9
dx 26. ò sin x.cos 3 x dx is equal to
21. ò equals
3 - 5x - x2
sin10 x sin12 x cos 6 x cos8 x
(a) - +c (b) - +c
æ 2x + 5 ö -1 æ 2 x + 5 ö 10 12 6 8
(a) sin -1 ç ÷+c (b) cos ç ÷+c
è 37 ø è 37 ø
(c) sin–1 (2x + 5) + c (d) none of these cos6 x sin 8 x

(c) - +c (d) none of these
6 8
ex
22. òe 2x
dx equals
+ 5e x + 6 sin 4 x 1 æ 1 + sin x ö
27. If ò cos x dx = 2 log e çè 1 - sin x ÷ø - g x + c where g(x)
æ ex + 3 ö æ ex + 2 ö
(a) log ç x ÷+c (b) log ç x ÷+c equals.
èe +2ø è e +3ø
1 3 1
(a) sin x + sin x (b) cos3 x + cos x
1 æ ex + 2 ö 3 3
(c) log ç x ÷+c (d) none of these
2 è e +3ø
1 3 1
(c) sin x - sin x (d) cos3 x - cos x
x 2 3 3
23. òx 2
dx equals
-1
dx
28. ò 4sin 2 x + 4sin x cos x + 5 cos 2 x is equal to
x -1 x +1
(a) x + log +c (b) x + log +c
x +1 x -1
æ 1ö 1 -1 æ 1ö
(a) tan -1 ç tan x + ÷ + c (b) tan ç tan x + ÷ + c
x -1 x +1 è 2ø 4 è 2ø
(c) x + log +c (d) x + log +c
x +1 x -1
1
24. If m is a non-zero number and (c) 4 tan -1 æç tan x + ö÷ + c (d) none of these
è 2ø
x 5m -1 + 2x 4m -1
ò 3
dx = f (x) + c, then f(x) is
x 2m + x m + 1 sin 2 x cos 2 x
29. The integral ò dx equal to:
3 3 2
sin x + cos x
5m 4m
x x
(a) 2m x 2m + x m + 1 2 (b) 2m x 2m + x m + 1 2
1 1
+c - +c
(a) 1 + cot 3 x (b) 3 1 + tan 3 x
2m x 5m + x 4m x 5m - x 4m
(c)
x 2m + x m + 1
2 (d)
2m x 2m + x m + 1
2 sin 3 x cos3 x
+c - +c
(c) 1 + cos 3 x (d) 3 1 + sin 3 x
dx
25. ò 1+ e = 4
x 30. If ò tan x dx = l tan 3 x + m tan x + x + C , then
æ e x +1 ö æ ex ö 1
(a) log e ç x ÷ + c (b) log e ç x ÷ + c (a) l = (b) m = 1
3
è e ø è e +1 ø
(c) x + loge (ex + 1) + c (d) ex + x + c 1

(c) l = - (d) none of these
3

Standard algebraic formats

x2 + 2
2x - 3
34. Evaluate ò x 4 + 4 dx
31. ò x 2 + 3x - 18 dx is equal to
æ 2ö æ 2ö
3
(a) log x 2 + 3x - 18 - log
x -3
+C ç x- ÷ 1 çx-x ÷
-1
(a) tan ç x +C -1
(b) tan ç ÷+C
2 x+6 ÷
2 4 çç 2 ÷÷
çç ÷÷
è ø è ø
2 x -3
(b) log x 2 + 3x - 18 - log +C
3 x+6
æ 2ö
1 -1
çx-x ÷
2 x -3 (c) tan ç ÷+C (d) None of these
(c) log x 2 + 3x - 18 + log +C 2 çç 2 ÷÷
3 x +6
è ø
(d) None of these
dx
x2 + x + 5 35. Evaluate ò 2
32. Evaluate ò x2 - x -1 dx x + 2x + 6
7 2x - 1 - 5 æ x +1ö
(a) x + log x 2 - x - 1 + log +C (a) tan -1 ç ÷+C
5 2x - 1 + 5 è 5 ø
1 æ x +1 ö
2 7 2x - 1 - 5 (b) tan -1 ç ÷+C
(b) x + log x - x - 1 + log +C 5 è 5 ø
2 5 2x - 1 + 5
1 æ x +1ö
14 2x - 1 - 5 (c) tan -1 ç ÷+C
(c) x + log x 2 - x - 1 + log +C 6 è 5 ø
5 2x - 1 + 5
(d) None of these
(d) None of these
dx
x3 + x + 1 36. Evaluate the following ò
33. Evaluate ò dx 2ax - x 2
x2 -1
-1 æ a - x ö
x2 x -1 (a) sin ç ÷+c
(a) + log x 2 - 1 + log +C è a ø
2 x +1
1 -1 æ x - a ö
(b) sin ç ÷+c
x2 1 x -1 2 è a ø
(b) + log x 2 - 1 + log +C
2 2 x +1
æ x -a ö
(c) sin -1 ç ÷+c
2 2 1 x -1 è a ø
(c) x + log x - 1 + log +C
2 x +1
(d) None of these -1 æ x - a ö

(d) 2sin ç ÷+c
è a ø

x+2 40. ò 1 + x - 2x 2 dx equals

37. Evaluate ò dx
x 2 + 3x + 3 x +1
1 9 2 æ 4x - 1 ö
(a) 4x - 1 1 + x - 2x 2 + sin -1 ç ÷+C
8 32 è 3 ø
2 æ x ö
(a) tan -1 ç ÷+c
3 ç 3 x +1 ÷ 1 9 2
è ø æ 4x - 1 ö
(b) 4x - 1 1 + x - 2x 2 - sin -1 ç ÷+C
8 32 è 3 ø
æ x ö
(b) tan -1 ç ÷+c 1 2 æ 4x + 1 ö
ç 3 x +1 ÷ (c) 4x - 1 1 + x - 2x 2 + sin -1 ç ÷+C
è ø 8 32 è 3 ø
(d) None of these
3 æ x ö
(c) tan -1 ç ÷+c Integration by partial fractions
2 ç 3 x +1 ÷
è ø
x3 + 3
41. ò dx equals.
2 æ x ö x +1 x 2 +1
(d) tan -1 çç ÷÷ + c
3 è 3 x +1 ø (a) x + loge |x + 1| – loge (x2 + 1) + cot–1 x + c
(b) x – loge |x + 1| + loge (x2 + 1) + tan–1 x + c
dx
38. Evaluate ò (c) x + loge |x + 1| – loge (x2 + 1) + tan–1 x + c
x-2 x2 - 4
(d) x – loge |x + 1| – loge (x2 + 1) – tan–1 x + c
1 x+2 1 x+2 x2 + 1
(a) +c (b) - +c 42. ò dx equals
2 x-2 2 x -2 x -1 x - 2
5
1 x-2 1 x-2 x-2
5
x-2
(c) +c (d) - +c (a) log (b) x + log +C
2 x+2 2 x+2 2
+C 2
x -1 x -1
dx
39. Evaluate ò x -1
5
2
1+ x 1- x2 (c) x + log 5
+C (d) none of these
x-2
1 æ 2x ö
(a) - tan -1 ç ÷÷ + c x 2 dx
2 ç 2 43. The value of ò is
è 1- x ø x2 + a2 x2 + b 2
1 æ 2x ö 1 é -1 x -1 x ù
(b) tan -1 ç ÷÷ + c (a) êb tan b - a tan a ú + C
2 ç 2 b - a2
2
ë û
è 1- x ø
1 é -1 x -1 x ù
1 æ 1- x2 ö (b)
b - a2
2 ê a tan b - b tan a ú + C
(c) - tan -1 ç ÷+c ë û
2 ç 2x ÷
è ø
1 é -1 x -1 x ù
(c)
b2 - a 2 êb tan b + a tan a ú + C
ë û
1 æ 1 - x2 ö
(d) tan -1 ç ÷+c (d) none of these
2 ç 2x ÷
è ø

Integrations by parts
49. The value of ò x sec x tan x dx is
44. ò log x dx is equal to (a) x sec x + log |sec x + tan x| + c
(a) x (log x) – 1 + c (b) x (log x) – x + c (b) x sec x – log |sec x + tan x| + c
(c) x (log x) – 1/x + c (d) x (log x) + c (c) x sec x + log |sec x – tan x| + c
(d) none of these
sin -1 x
45. ò dx equals
1- x x - sin x
50. ò 1 - cos x dx is equal to
(a) 2 é x - 1 - x sin -1 x ù + c
ë û
x x
(a) - x cot +c (b) cot +c
(b) 2 éë x + 1 - x sin
-1
x ùû + c 2 2
-1 x
(c) éë x - 1 - x sin x ùû + c (c) - cot +c (d) none of these
2
(d) none of these
2
2 x x 1- x
46. ò x e dx is equal to 51. òe 2
dx is equal to
1 + x2
2 x 2x x
(a) x e - 2 éë e - xe ùû + c
2 x x x
1 ex
(b) x e - 2 éë e - xe ùû + c (a) 2
+c (b) +c
x +1 x2 + 1
2 x 2x x
(c) x e - 2 éë xe - e ùû + c
ex -1 1 - ex
(c) +c (d) +c
2 x x x
(d) x e - 2 éë xe - e ùû + c x2 + 1 x2 + 1
log x
2
dx is equal to xe x
47. ò 52. ò 2 dx is equal to
x +1
2
(a) x (log x) – 2 [x log x – x] + c
(b) x (log x)2 – 2 [log x – x] + c
ex ex
(c) x (log x)2 – 2 [log x2 – x] + c (a) 2
+c (b) +c
x +1 x +1
(d) x (log x)2 – 2 [log x – 2x] + c
sin -1 x ex
48. ò 3/ 2
dx is equal to (c) 3
+c (d) none of these
1 - x2 x +1
x 1 x x -1
(a) sin -1 x + log 1 - x 2 + c 53. òe 3
dx equals
1- x 2 2 x +1
x 1 ex
(b) sin -1 x + log 1 - x 2 + c ex
2 2 (a) - +C (b) +C
1- x x +1 x +1
x 1
(c) sin -1 x + log 1 - x 2 + c ex ex
1- x 2 4 (c) 2
+C (d) - 2
+C
x +1 x +1
(d) none of these

2 5 tan x
ì (log x - 1) ü 59. If the integral ò tan x - 2 dx = x + a 1n |sin x – 2 cos x| + k,
54.
ò íî1 + (log x)2 ýþ dx is equal to
then a is equal to
log x (a) –1 (b) –2

x +C
(a) 2 +C (b)
x +1 (log x)2 + 1 (c) 1 (d) 2
sin n x
x xe x 60. ò 3 dx, n Î N is equal to
(c) +C (d) +C cos n + 6 x
(log x)2 + 1 1 + x2
n
3 n
+1 3 +1
æ 1 ö x+
1
(a) tan x 3 +c (b) tan x 3 +c
55. The integral ò ç1 + x - ÷ e x dx is equal to : n 3+ n
è xø
3 n +1
1 1 (c) cos x +c (d) none of these
x+ x+
x
n
(a) - xe x +c (b) ( x - 1) e +c
1
sin 4 x
x+
1 x+ 61. ò cos 8
dx is equal to
(c) xe x (d) ( x + 1) e x +c x
+c
Standard trigonometric Formats

1 + tan 5 x tan 7 x
(a) - +c
5 7
2
56. ò sin x / 2 dx equals
tan 5 x tan 7 x
1 1 (b) + +c
(a) x + sin x + c (b) x + cos x + c 5 7
2 2
tan 5 x tan 7 x
1 (c) + +c
(c) x - sin x + c (d) none of these 7 5
2
(d) none of these
cos 2 x - cos 2 q
57. ò dx is equal to sin10 x
cos x - cos q 62. ò cos12 x dx =
(a) 2 (sin x + x cos q) + C
tan11 x
(a) 10 tan9 x + C (b) +C
(b) 2 (sin x – x cos q) + C 11
(c) 2 (sin x + 2 x cos q) + C tan11 x
(c) +C (d) none of these
(d) 2 (sin x – 2 x cos q) + C 11
1 + cos x
1 - cos 2 x 63. ò dx equals
58. ò 1 + cos 2 x dx = 1 - cos x
æ xö æ xö
(a) tan x – x + C (b) x + tan x + C (a) log cos ç ÷ + C (b) 2 log sin ç ÷ + C
è2ø è 2ø
(c) x – tan x + C (d) – x – cot x + C
æ xö
(c) 2 log sec ç ÷ + C (d) none of these
è 2ø

Numerical Value Type Questions

1
64. ò sin x - a sin x - b dx is equal to
e5loge x - e 4loge x xk
67. ò e3loge x - e2 loge x = k + c . Then k is equal to
dx
sin x - b
(a) sin (b – a) log +C 2
sin x - a æ1- x ö b
68. ò çè 1 + x ÷ø dx = x - a log | x + 1| - x + 1 + c . Then a + b is
equal to
sin x - a
(b) cosec (b – a) log +C
sin x - b dx
69. If ò 1 + tan x = px + q log e cos x + sin x + c
sin x - b then p + q equals.

(c) cosec (b – a) log +C
sin x - a
x +1
70. ò x 2 + x + 3 dx
sin x - a
(d) sin (b – a) log +C 1 1 æ 2x +1 ö
sin x - b = ln | x 2 + x + 3 | + tan -1 ç ÷+c
a b è 11 ø
then (b – a) equals
65. The value of sin x dx is
2ò
æ pö
sin ç x - ÷ 2x + 3
è 4ø 71. If ò dx
x -1 x2 +1
æ pö é 5
ù 1
(a) x - log cos x ç x - ÷ + C 5/ 2 -
è 4ø = log ê x - 1 x2 + 1 a -1
ú - tan x + C
ë û 2
æ pö where C is any arbitrary constant, then a is equal to

(b) x + log cos ç x - ÷ + C
è 4ø
cos x
72. If ò dx = a sin x + c, then a equals
x
æ pö
(c) x - log sin ç x - ÷ + C
è 4ø x2 1 -1 3
73. ò 1+ x 6
dx = tan x + c . Then k is equal to
k
æ pö
(d) x + log sin ç x - ÷ + C x +1
è 4ø dx =
74. ò x+2
dx
66. ò cos x + equals a
3
3 sin x ( x + 2) 2 - a x + 2 + c then ab equals
b
æx p ö æx p ö
(a) log tan ç + ÷ + C (b) log tan ç - ÷ + C 75. ò 1 + x - 2 x 2 dx
è 2 12 ø è 2 12 ø
1 9 2 æ 4x -1 ö
1 æx p ö 1 æx p ö = (4 x - 1) 1 + x - x 2 + sin -1 ç ÷+c.
(c) log tan ç + ÷ + C (d) log tan ç - ÷ + C 2a b è 3 ø
2 è 2 12 ø 2 è 2 12 ø
Then b/a is equal to

1/3 4/3 2 1 4 é 2
x - x3 3 x q log x + r log x + 1ù + c
76.
3æ 1 ö
dx = - ç 2 -1÷ + c . Then k is equal to
78. òx log x dx =
p ë û .
ò x 4 kèx ø
Then p + q + r is equal to
log x 1 x
77. ò dx = - a + log bx + c . (a,b Î Integers). Then x + sin x æ xö
x2 x 79. ò 1 + cos x dx = tan ç ÷ + C . Then b – a is equal to
a èbø
a + b equal to
1
80. If ò sin 2 x sin 3 x dx equals (5sinx – sin5x) + c. Then k is
k
equal to

EXERCISE - 2 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE MAIN QUESTIONS

dx dx A B
1. The integral ò 3 equal (2015) 5. If ò cos 3
= tan x + C tan x + k , where k
2
x ( x + 1) 4 4 x 2sin 2 x
is a constant of integration, then A+B+C equals :
1
(2016/Online Set–1)
1
æ x4 + 1 ö 4
(a) - x 4 + 1 4 +c (b) - ç 4 ÷ + c
è x ø 21 16
(a) (b)
5 5
1
æ x4 + 1 ö4 1
10 27
(c) ç 4 ÷ + c (d) x 4 + 1 4 +c (c) (d)
è x ø 7 10
dx dx
2. The integral ò ( x + 1)3 / 4 ( x - 2)5 / 4 is equal to 6. The integral ò 1+ x x - x2
is equal to :
(2015/Online Set–1) (where C is a constant of integration.)

1 1 (2016/Online Set–2)
æ x +1 ö4 4 æ x +1 ö 4
(a) 4 ç ÷ +C (b) - ç ÷ +C
è x-2ø 3è x -2ø 1+ x 1- x
(a) -2 +C (b) -2 +C
1- x 1+ x
1 1
4 æ x - 2 ö4 æ x - 2 ö4
(c) - ç ÷ +C (d) 4 ç ÷ +C
3 è x +1 ø è x +1 ø 1- x 1+ x
(c) - +C (d) 2 +C
1+ x 1- x
log(t + 1 + t 2 ) 1
3. If ò dt = (g(t))2 + C, where C is constant, 7. Let I n = ò tan n xdx, (n > 1). If I4 + I6 = a tan5 x + bx5 + C,
1+ t 2 2
where C is a constant of integration, then the ordered pair
then g(2) is equal to :
(a, b) is equal to: (2017)
æ 1 ö æ1 ö
1 1 (a) ç - ,1÷ (b) ç , 0 ÷
(a) log(2 + 5) (b) log(2 + 5) è 5 ø è5 ø
5 2
æ1 ö æ 1 ö
(c) 2log(2 + 5) (d) log(2 + 5) (c) ç , -1÷ (d) ç - , 0 ÷
è 5 ø è 5 ø
2 x12 + 5 x 9 8. The integral

4. The integral ò ( x5 + x3 + 1)3 dx is equal to : (2016)
æ pö
ò 1 + 2cot x cosec x + cot x dx ç 0 < x < ÷ is equal
è 2ø
x10 x5
(a) +C (b) 2
+C to (where C is a constant of integration)
2
2 x 5 + x3 + 1 2 x5 + x3 + 1
- x10 - x5 æ xö æ xö
(c) +C (d) +C (a) 4 log ç sin ÷ + C (b) 2 log ç sin ÷ + C
2 2 è 2ø è 2ø
2 x 5 + x3 + 1 x5 + x 3 + 1
æ xö æ xö
Where C is an arbitrary constant. (c) 2 log ç cos ÷ + C (d) 4 log ç cos ÷ + C
è 2ø è 2ø

3x - 4 ö 4 2x + 5 æ x+3ö
9. If f æç ÷ = x + 2, x ¹ - , and 12. If ò dx = A 7 – 6 x – x 2 + B sin –1 ç ÷+c
è 3x + 4 ø 3 7 – 6x – x 2
è 4 ø
(where C is a constant of integration), then the ordered

ò f (x) dx = A log |1 - x | + Bx + C, then the ordered pair pair (A, B) is equal to : (2018/Online Set–2)
(A, B) is equal to : (a) (2, 1) (b) (-2, -1)
(where C is a constant of integration) (c) (-2, 1) (d) (2,-1)
(2017/Online Set–2) tan x k æ k tan x + 1 ö

13. If ò 1 + tan x + tan 2
dx = x – tan –1 ç ÷+c,
x A è A ø
æ8 2ö æ 8 2ö
(a) ç , ÷ (b) ç - , ÷ (C is a constant of integration), then the ordered pair (K,
è3 3ø è 3 3ø
A) is equal to : (2018/Online Set–3)
(a) (2, 1) (b) (-2, 3)
æ 8 2ö æ8 2ö
(c) ç - , - ÷ (d) ç , - ÷ (c) (2, 3) (d) (-2, 1)
è 3 3ø è3 3ø
10. The integral 5x

sin
2 dx is equal to :
14. ò x
2 2
sin x cos x sin
ò dx is 2
2
sin 5 x + cos 3 x sin 2 x + sin 3 x cos 2 x + cos5 x
(where c is a constant of integration.)
(8-04-2019/Shift-1)
(2018)
(a) 2x + sinx + 2 sin2x + c
-1 1 (b) x + 2 sinx + 2 sin2x + c
(a) +C (b) +C
3 3
1 + cot x 3 1 + tan x (c) x + 2 sinx + sin2x + c
(d) 2x + sinx + sin2x + c
-1 1 dx 1
(c) +C (d) +C 15. If = xf x 1 + x 6 + C , where C is a
3 1 + tan x 3 3
1 + cot x òx 3
1+ x 6 2/3
3
(Where C is a constant of integration) constant of integration, then the function f(x) is equal to:
(08-04-2019/Shift-2)
æ x–4ö
11. If f ç ÷ = 2 x + 1, x Î R – 1, –2 , then òf x dx is 3 1
è x+2ø (a) (b) -
x2 6x3
equal to
(where C is a constant of integration) 1 1
(c) - (d) -
2x 2 2x 3
2 4
(a) 12 log e |1- x | +3 x + C 16. The integral ò sec 3 x cosec 3 x dx is equal to:
(b) –12 log e 1 – x – 3x + C (9-04-2019/Shift-1)
-1 -4
3
(c) 12loge 1– x – 3x + C (a) -3tan 3 x + C (b) - tan 3 x + C
4
(d) –12 log e 1– x + 3x + C -1 -1

(c) -3cot 3 x + C (d) 3tan 3 x + C
(Here C is a constant of integration)

17. If ò esec x sec x tan x f x + sec x tan x + sec 2 x dx 21. For x 2 ¹ np , n Î N (the set of natural numbers), the
2sin x 2 - 1 - sin 2 x 2 - 1
=e sec x
f x + C , then a possible choice of f x is: integral òx 2sin x 2 - 1 + sin 2 x 2 - 1
dx is equal to :
(9-04-2019/Shift-2)
(where c is a constant of integration)
(a) sec x + tan x + C (b) sec x - tan x - C (9-01-2019/Shift-1)
(c) sec x + 2tan x - C (d) x sec x + tan x + C 1 2 2
(a) log e sec x - 1 + c
2
5 - x2 2
18. If òx e dx = g ( x ) e - x + c, where c is a constant of
1
integration, then g (–1) is equal to: (b) log e sec x 2 - 1 + c
2
(10-4-2019/Shift-2)
2
1 2 æ x -1 ö
(a) –1 (b) 1 (c) 2 log e sec ç 2 ÷ + c
è ø
5 1
(c) - (d) - æ x2 - 1 ö
2 2 2 log sec
(d) e ç ÷ -c
è 2 ø
2 x3 - 1
19. The integral ò x 4 + x dx is equal to : (Here C is a constant 5 x8 + 7 x 6
22. If f x = ò 2
dx, x ³ 0 , and f (0) = 0, then
of integration) (12-04-2019/Shift-1) x2 + 1 + 2 x7
the value of f (1) is (9-01-2019/Shift-2)
3 2
x3 + 1 1 x +1 1 1
1
(a) log e +C (b) 2 log e +C (a) - (b) -
2 x2 x3 2 4
1 1
3
(c) (d)
x +1 3
x +1 2 4
(c) loge x
+C (d) log e +C
x2 p
23. Let n ³ 2 be a natural number and 0 < q < then
2
æ pö 1
20. Let a Î ç 0, ÷ be fixed. If the integral
è 2ø sin n q - sin q n cos q
ò n +1
dq is equal to:
sin q
tan x + ta n a
ò tan x - tan a d x = A x co s 2 a + B x sin 2a + C , (10-1-2019/Shift-1)
n +1
where C is a constant of integration, then the functions n æ 1 ö n
A(x) and B(x) are respectivelty: (a) 2 ç 1 - n -1 ÷ +C
n - 1 è sin q ø
(12-04-2019/Shift-2)
n +1
n æ 1 ö n
(a) x + a and log e sin x + a (b) 2 ç1 - ÷ +C
n + 1 è sin n -1 q ø
(b) x - a and log e sin x - a n +1

n æ 1 ö n
(c) 2 ç 1 + n -1 ÷ +C
n - 1 è sin q ø
(c) x - a and log e cos x - a
n +1
n æ 1 ö n
(d) x + a and log e sin x - a (d) 2 ç1 - ÷ +C
n - 1 è sin n +1 q ø
(where C is a constant of integration)

5 4 x3 1 4 x 3 3x13  2 x11
24. If x e dx  e f  x   C , where C is a constant The integral dx is equal to (where C is a
48
28.  4
2x 4
 3x 2  1
of integration, then f  x  is equal to: constant to integration) (12-01-2019/Shift-2)

(10-01-2019/Shift-2)
x4 x12
3 (a) C (b) 3
C
(a) 2 x  1 (b) 4 x3  1 6  2 x 4  3x 2  1
3
6  2 x 4  3x 2  1
(c) 2 x3  1 (d) 4 x3  1
x4 x12
(c) C (d) C
1 x 2
 
m 3 3
25. If  dx  A x  1  x 2  C , for a suitable  2x 4
 3 x 2  1  2x 4
 3 x 2  1
x4
chosen integer m and a function A(x), where C is a constant
1
 x  1
of integration, then (A(x))m equals : 29. If  sin   dx  A ( x) tan ( x )  B ( x)  C ,
 1 x 
(11-01-2019/Shift-1)
where C is a constant of integration, then the ordered pair
1 1 (A (x), B (x)) can be : (3-09-2020/Shift-2)
(a) (b) 3
27x 9 3x
(a) ( x  1,  x ) (b) ( x 1,  x )
1 1
(c) (d) (c) ( x 1, x ) (d) ( x 1, x )
27x 6 9x 4
2
x 1  x 
26. If  dx  f  x  2 x  1  C , where C is a constant 30. The integral    dx is equal to (where C is
2 x 1  x sin x  cos x 
of integration, then f(x) is equal to : a constant of integration) : (4-09-2020/Shift-1)
(11-01-2019/Shift-2)
x sec x
(a) tan x  C
1 2 x sin x  cos x
(a) ( x  1) (b) ( x  2)
3 3
x tan x
(b) sec x  C
2 1 x sin x  cos x
(c) ( x  4) (d) ( x  4)
3 3
x tan x
(c) sec x  C
x sin x  cos x
27. The integral  cos  log e x  dx is equal to (Where C is a
constant of integration) (12-01-2019/Shift-1) x sec x

(d) tan x  C
x sin x  cos x
x
(a) sin  log e x   cos  log e x    C
2
2x x x
31. If  (e  2e x  e x  1) e(e e ) dx
(b) x  cos  log e x   sin  log e x    C
x  e x )
 g(x)e(e  c where c is a constant of integration,
x
(c) cos  log e x   sin  log e x    C then g(0) is equal to: (5-09-2020/Shift-1)
2
(a) 2 (b) e
(d) x  cos  log e x   sin  log e x    C
(c) 1 (d) e2

cos q dq
32. If ò 5 + 7 sin q - 2 cos2 q dq = A log e B(q) + C where c is 36. If = l tan q + 2 log e f q + C
ò cos 2
q tan 2q + sec 2q
B(q)
a constant of integration, then can be: where C is constant of integration, then the ordered pair
A
l, f q is equal to: (9-1-2020/Shift-2)
(5-09-2020/Shift-2)
5 (2sin q + 1) 5 (sin q + 3) (a) (-1,1 - tan q ) (b) (-1,1 + tan q )

(a) (b)
sin q + 3 2sin q + 1
(c) (1,1 + tan q ) (d) (1,1 - tan q )
2sin q + 1 2sin q + 1
(c) (d) 5 (sin q + 3) dx æ 2x + 1 ö æ 2x + 1 ö
sin q + 3 37. If = a tan –1 ç
ò 2 ÷ + bç 2 ÷ + C,
2
x + x +1 è 3 ø è x + x +1ø
1
cos x
33. If ò 2
dx = f x 1 + sin 6 x l +c ,
3 6 3
x > 0 where C is the constant of integration, then the
sin x 1 + sin x
value of 9 3a + b is equal to _______.
æp ö
where c is a constant of integration, then l f ç ÷ is equal (27-08-2021/Shift-1)
è3ø
to: (8-01-2020/Shift-1) 2e x + 3e - x 1
38. If ò 4e x -x
dx = ux + v log e 4e x + 7e - x + C,
+ 7e 14
9 9
(a) - (b)
8 8 where C is a constant of integration, then u + v is equal
(c) 2 (d) –2 to ________. (27-08-2021/Shift-2)
-1 p p 1
34. If f ¢ x = tan sec x + tan x , - < x< 39. The integral ò dx is equal to
2 2 4 3 5
x -1 x+2
and f 0 = 0, then f (1) is equal to:
(where C is a constant of integration)
(9-01-2020/Shift-1)
(31-08-2021/Shift-1)
p +1 p+2
(a) (b) 5 1
4 4 3 æ x + 2 ö4 3 æ x + 2 ö4
(a) ç ÷ +c (b) ç ÷ +c
4 è x -1 ø 4 è x -1 ø
1 p -1
(c) (d)
4 4
1 5
4 æ x -1 ö 4 4 æ x -1 ö 4
dx (c) ç ÷ +c (d) ç ÷ +c
35. The integral ò is equal to: (where C is a 3èx+2ø 3èx+2ø
8 6
( x + 4) 7 ( x - 3) 7
constant of integration) (9-01-2020/Shift-1) sin x
40. ò sin 3
dx = a log e 1 + tan x + b log e
x + cos3 x
1 3
-
æ x -3ö 7 1 æ x - 3 ö7
(a) - ç ÷ +C (b) ç ÷ +C æ 2 tan x - 1 ö
è x+4ø 2è x+4ø 1 - tan x + tan 2 x + g tan -1 ç ÷ + C,
è 3 ø
1 13
-
æ x - 3 ö7 1 æ x -3ö 7 When C is constant of integration, then the value of
(c) ç ÷ +C (d) - ç ÷ +C
è x+4ø 13 è x + 4 ø 18 a + b + g 2 is (31-08-2021/Shift-2)

44. For the real numbers a, b, g and d if
cos x - sin x æ sin x + cos x ö
-1
41. If ò dx = a sin ç ÷ + c where c
8 - sin 2x è b ø
æ x 2 +1 ö
is a constant of integration, then the ordered pair (a, b) is x 2 - 1 + tan -1 ç ÷
è x ø dx
equal to (24-02-2021/Shift-1) ò æ x2 +1ö
x 4 + 3x 2 + 1 tan -1 ç ÷
(a) 3,1 (b) 1, -3 è x ø
(c) 1,3 (d) -1,3

æ æ x2 + 1 ö ö æ g x2 -1 ö
42. The value of the integral = a log e çç tan -1 ç ÷÷÷ + b tan -1
ç ÷
è è x øø ç x ÷
è ø
sin q.sin 2q sin 6 q + sin 4 q + sin 2 q 2 sin 4 q + 3sin 2 q + 6
ò dq
1 - cos 2q æ x2 +1 ö
+d tan -1 ç ÷+C
is: è x ø
(where c is a constant of integration) where C is an arbitrary constant, then the value of

(25-02-2021/Shift-1) 10 a + bg + d is equal to ___ (16-03-2021/Shift-2)
3
1
(a) éë9 - 2 cos6 q - 3 cos4 q - 6 cos2 qùû 2 + c (2x - 1) cos (2x - 1) 2 + 5
18 dx is equal to :
45. The integral ò 4x 2 - 4x + 6
3
1
(b) éë11 - 18cos 2 q + 9 cos 4 q - 2 cos6 q ùû 2 + c (where c is a constant of integration)
18
(18-03-2021/Shift-1)
3
1
(c) é9 - 2sin 6 q - 3sin 4 q - 6sin 2 q ùû + c 2 1
18 ë (a) cos (2x - 1) 2 + 5 + c
2
3
1 1
(d) éë11 - 18sin 2 q + 9sin 4 q - 2sin 6 qùû 2 + c (b) sin (2x + 1) 2 + 5 + c
18 2
e3loge 2x + 5e 2 loge 2x 1
43. The integral òe 4 log e x 3loge x 2 log e x
dx, x > 0 is equal (c) cos (2x + 1)2 + 5 + c
+ 5e - 7e 2
to:
1
(where c is a constant of integration) (d) sin (2x - 1) 2 + 5 + c
2
(25-02-2021/Shift-2)
2
(a) 4 log e x + 5x - 7 + c
(b) log e x 2 + 5x - 7 + c
1
(c) log e x 2 + 5x - 7 + c
4
2
(d) log e x + 5x - 7 + c

EXERCISE - 3 : ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Objective Questions I [Only one correct option]
7. If I = ò sin 7 x dx , then I equals
sin x dx
1. Evaluate : ò 1
3sin 2 x + 4 cos 2 x (a) –cos x + cos3x – cos5x + cos7x + c
7
(a) -l n (cos x + 3 + cos 2 x ) + c 3 1

(b) –cos x + cos3x – cos5 x + cos7x + c
5 7
(b) l n (cos x + 3 + cos 2 x ) + c
1
(c) - l n (sin x + 3 + sin 2 x ) + c (c) tan x – tan3x + sin x - cos3 x + c
3
(d) None of these
1 1
(d) – cos x + cos5x - cos3 x + cos7x + c
2. If ò log (x2 + x) dx = x log |x| + (x + 1) log |x +1| +k, then k 3 7
equals
(a) 2x + log |x + 1| + c (b) 2x – log |x + 1| + c dx 1 x +1 - 3
8. If ò = log
(c) constant (d) None 2
x -4 x +1 k x +1 + 3
æ qö
3. If I = ò cos q log ç tan ÷ dq, then I equals
è 2ø 1
- tan -1 x + 1 + c then k equals
2
(a) sin q log (tan q/2) + q + c
(b) cos q log (tan q/2) + q + c (a) 2 3 (b) 4 3
(c) sin q log (tan q/2) – q + c
1
(d) None of these (c) (d) none of these
4 3
4. If ò g(x) dx = g(x) then ò g(x) (f (x) + f ¢(x)) dx is equal to
(x + 2) dx
(a) g(x) f (x) – g (x) f’(x) + c (b) g (x) f’(x) + c 9. Evaluate ò (x 2 + 3x + 3) x +1
(c) g(x) f (x) + c (d) g (x) f2 (x) + c
3 2 3x
5. If ò (x - 2x + 5) e dx = e3x (Ax3 + Bx2 + Cx + 13/9) then 2 æ 3 x +1 ö
(a) tan -1 ç +c
which of the following statement is incorrect : 3 ç -x ÷÷
è ø
2
(a) 3C = 2 (b) A + B + =0
3 2 æ 3 x +1 ö
(b) tan -1 ç ÷÷ + c
3 ç x
(c) C + 2B = 0 (d) A + B + C = 0 è ø
-1 x 2
e 2 tan 1+ x 1 æ 3 x +1 ö
6. ò dx is equal to (c) tan -1 ç ÷÷ + c
1+ x 2
3 ç -x
è ø
-1 x -1 x
(a) xetan +c (b) xe 2 tan +c 1 æ 3 x +1 ö
(d) tan -1 ç ÷÷ + c
3 ç x
-1 x è ø
(c) 2xe2 tan +c (d) none of these

x3 + x
x -1 15. If I = ò dx then I equals :
10. Evaluate : òx dx x4 - 9
x +1
1 1 x2 + 3
(a) log | x 4 - 9 | + log 2 +c
(a) l n (x + x 2 + 1) + sec -1 x + c 4 12 x -3
1 1 x2 - 3
(b) l n (x - x 2 + 1) - sec -1 x + c (b) log | x 4 - 9 | + log 2 +c
4 12 x +3
(c) l n (x + x 2 - 1) - sec -1 x + c 1 1 x -3
(c) log | x 4 - 9 | - log +c
4 12 x+3
(d) None of these
(d) None
11. Let g(x) be an antiderivative of f (x). Then ln (1+(g(x))2) is an
antiderivative for : æ a+x a-x ö
16. Evaluate I = ò ç + ÷÷ dx
ç a-x a+x
è ø
2f (x).g(x) 2f (x).g(x)
(a) (b)
1 + (f (x)) 2 1 + (g(x)) 2 æxö æxö
(a) 2sin -1 ç ÷ + c (b) 2a sin -1 ç ÷ + c
èaø èaø
2f (x)
(c) (d) None -1 æ x ö -1 æ x ö
1 + (f (x)) 2 (c) 2 cos ç ÷ + c (d) 2a cos ç ÷ + c
èaø èaø
12. If I n = ò (ln x) n dx then In + n In–1 = 17. ex + a

ò dx
ex - a
n n
(a) (ln x) (b) x (ln x)
(a) l n (e x + e2 x - a 2 ) + sin -1 (ae- x ) + c
(c) xn ln x (d) x (ln x)n–1
(b) l n (e x - e 2x - a 2 ) + cos -1 (ae - x ) + c

n æ n -1ö
13. If I n = ò cos x dx then I n - ç ÷ I n -2 =
è n ø (c) l n (e x + e2x - a 2 ) + cos -1 (ae- x ) + c
(d) None
n–1
(a) cos x . sin x + c (b) 1 (cos n -1 x sin x) + c
n x2 -1
4 2 æ x2 +1 ö
-1
x + 3x + 1 tan ç ÷
1
(cos n x sin x) + c è x ø
(c) (d) None of these
n
æ 1ö
(a) tan -1 ç x + ÷ + c
dx è xø
14. If I = ò
(a 2 - b 2 x 2 )3/ 2
æ 1ö
(b) log e tan -1 ç x + ÷ + c
è xø
x x
(a) +c (b) +c
a 2 - b2 x2 a 2
a - b2 x2
2
æ x2 +1 ö
(c) log e tan ç ÷ +c
è x ø
ax
(c) +c (d) none of these æ 1ö æ 1ö
a - b2 x2
2 (d) ç x + ÷ tan -1 ç x + ÷ + c
è x ø è xø

3 2
e 2 x - 1 dx is equal to 23. ò x log e x dx =
19. ò
(a) 3 4/3 é 2 3 9ù
e2 x - 1 + sec-1 e 2 x + c (a) x ê log e x - 2 log e x - 8 ú + c
4 ë û
(b) e2 x - 1 - sec-1 e2 x + c
3 4/3 é 2 3 9ù
(b) x ê log e x + 2 log e x + 8 ú + c
4 ë û
(c) e2 x - 1 - sec-1 ex + c
(d) none of these 3 4/3 é 2 3 9ù

(c) x ê log e x - 2 log e x + 8 ú + c
4 ë û
(1 + x)
20. Evaluate : ò x (1 + xe x 2
dx
) 3 1/ 3 é 2 3 9ù
(d) x ê log e x + 2 log e x - 8 ú + c
4 ë û
æ xe x ö 1
(a) l n ç x ÷+ +c sin 3 2x
è 1 + xe ø 1 + xe x 24. If I = ò dx, and f(x) = (cot x)3/2, g(x) = (cot x)5/2, then
sin 5 x
I equals
æ 1 + xe x ö 1
(b) l n ç x ÷+ x +c
è xe ø xe + 1 2 3 1 4 2
(a) f (x) - g(x) + c (b) - g(x) + c
3 5 5
æ xe x ö 1 2 2 1
(c) l n ç x ÷- x +c 1 f (x) + g(x) + c
(c) f(x) + c (d)
è xe + 1 ø xe + 1 2 3 3 5
(d) None of these dx

21. th
If f (x) is a polynomial function of the n degree, then
25. ò tan x + cot x + sec x + cosec x is equal to
x
òe f x d x is equal to
1
(a) (sin x – cos x + x) + c
(a) ex {f (x) – f’ (x) – f” (x) – f”’ (x) – ... – (– 1)n fn (x)} 2
(b) ex {f (x) – f’ (x) + f” (x) – f”’ (x) + ... + (– 1)n fn (x)} 1

(b) (sin x – cos x – tan x + cot x) + c
x n n
(c) e {f (x) – f’ (x) + f” (x) – f”’ (x) + ... + (1) f (x)} 2
(d) none of these 1

(c) (sin x – cos x – x) + c
2
22. If I = ò e x (x cos x + sin x) dx then I equals :
1
(d) (sin x + cos x – tan x – cot x + x) + c
1 x 2
(a) e ( x sin x - cos x ) + c
2
sin x - cos x
26. ò dx =
1 x sin x + cos x sin x cos x + sin 2 x cos 2 x
(b) e ( x sin x + cos x) + c
2
(a) –sin (sin 2x + 1) + c
1 x (b) cosec (sin 2x + 1)

(c) e (x cos x - sin x) + c
2 (c) –sec–1 (sin 2x + 1) + c
(d) tan–1 (sin 2x + 1) + c
(d) None

27. If y = x2 - x +1 and for n > 1, I n = ò x n / y dx and æ 1- x ö

1/ 2
dx
30. If ò çç 1+ x ÷÷ = 2 cos -1 x - f x + c, then f (x)
aI3 + bI2 + cI1 = x2y, then (a, b, c) is equal to è ø x
equals.
3 1
(a) æç , , - 1ö÷ (b) (1, –1, 1)
è2 2 ø æ 1+ 1- x ö 1 æ 1+ 1- x ö
(a) log e ç ÷ (b) log e ç ÷
ç x ÷ø 2 ç x ÷ø
è è
æ 5 ö æ1 1 ö
(c) ç 3, - , 2 ÷ (d) ç , - ,1÷
è 2 ø è2 2 ø
æ 1- 1- x ö æ 1+ 1 - x ö
(c) 2 log e ç ÷ (d) 2 log e çç ÷
ç
è x ÷ø è x ÷ø
f x
28. If lim exists finitely and
x®0 x2
x- a
31. ò dx
1/ x x +a
æ f x ö
lim ç 1 + x + ÷ = e3 , where f (x) = ax2+bx+c
x®0
è x ø (a) ax + x 2 - 2 a 2 + ax - a l n ( x + a + x ) + c
then òf x log e x dx is equal to (b) ax + x 2 - 2 a + x - a l n ( x + a + x ) + c
(c) ax + x 2 - 2 a 2 + ax + a l n ( x + a - x ) + c
2 3æ 1ö x3 æ 1ö
(a) x ç log e x - ÷ + c (b) ç log e x - ÷ + c
3 è 3ø 3è 3ø (d) None of these
x2 + a 2
2 3 2 3 32. If I = ò dx, then I =
(c) x log e x + 1 + c (d) x log e x -1 + c x4 - a 2 x2 + a 4
3 3
29. For 0 < x < 1, let 1 æ ax ö 1 æ x2 - a2 ö

(a) tan -1 ç 2 2 ÷+c (b) tan -1 ç ÷+c
a è x -a ø a è ax ø
n
f x = lim 1 + x 1 + x 2 1 + x 4 ... 1 + x 2
n®¥
(c) log| x + x 2 - a 2 | + c (d) None of these

f x
then ò 1- x loge xdx equals 33. Evaluate : x + x 2 + 2 dx
ò
æ x ö 2 1
(a) log e ç (a) (x + x 2 + 2)3 / 2 - +c
÷+c 3
è 1- x ø x + x2 + 2
æ x ö log e x 1 2
(b) (x + x 2 + 2)3 / 2 - +c
(b) - log e ç ÷+ +c 3
è 1- x ø 1- x x + x2 + 2
log e x 1 2
(c) 1 - x + log e 1 - x + c (c) (x + x 2 + 2)1/ 2 - +c
3 x + x2 + 2
(d) x loge x + loge (1 – x) + c (d) None of these

x -1 1 + x 2n l n (1 + x 2n ) - 2nl n x
34. dx is 37. Evaluate : ò . dx
ò x 2n x 2n +1
x +1 x x2 + x +1
2P3 P3
(a) (1 - 3l n P) + C (b) (3 l n P - 1) + C
æ x2 + x +1 ö 9n 3n
(a) tan -1 ç ÷+c
è x ø
2P3
(c) (3 l n P - 1) + C (d) None of these
3n
æ x2 + x +1 ö
(b) 2tan -1 ç ÷+c 1/ 2
è x ø æ 1 ö
where P = ç 1 + 2n ÷
è x ø
æ x2 + x +1 ö dx
(c) tan -1 ç ÷+c 38. Evaluate I = ò
ç x ÷ sin 3 x + cos3 x
è ø
1 2+t
(a) log + tan -1 t + c
-1 1 3 2 2-t
(d) 2 tan x + +1 + c
x
1 2 -t1
(b) log + tan -1 t + c
1 + x sin x 3 2 2+t 3
1 t +1
35. ò 2 2
dx = log e +c
x + 2 x cos x - 1 + x sin 2 x 2 t -1
1 2+t 2
(c) log + tan -1 t + c
where t is 3 2 2-t 3
(a) (x + 1) cos x – sin x (b) (x + 1) sin x – cos x (d) None of these

(c) (x + 1) sin x + cos x (d) (x + 1) cos x + sin x where t = sin x – cos x
sec x dx
x 2 - 1 dx 39. Evaluate : ò
36. is sin (2x + A) + sin A
ò 2x x4 + 4x3 - 6x2 + 4x + 1
(a) 2 cos A 2 cos A + sin A tan x + c
2
1 1 æ 1 ö (b) 2 sec A 2 cos A tan x + 2sin A + c
(a) l n x + + 2 + ç x + + 2 ÷ - 12 + c
2 x è x ø
(c) 2 sec A cos A tan x + sin A + c
(d) None of these

2
1 1 æ 1 ö
(b) l n x - + 2 + ç x - + 2 ÷ - 12 + c 40. ò sec x - 1 dx
2 x è x ø
(a) 2 l n ( cos x + 1 + cos x ) + c
1 1 æ 1 ö
2 (b) 2 l n ( sin x + 1 + sin x ) + c
(c) l n x + - 2 + ç x + - 2 ÷ - 12 + c
2 x è x ø
(c) -2 l n ( cos x + 1 + cos x ) + c
(d) None of these (d) None of these

2x
41. ò sin 4 x e tan dx = 1 æ x -1 ö
46. òx 2
l nç ÷ dx equals
-1 è x +1 ø
2x 2x
(a) -2 e tan cos4 x + c (b) 2 e tan sec 4 x + c
1 2 æ x -1 ö
tan 2 x 2 tan 2 x 2
(a) 1 l n æç x - 1 ö÷ + c (b) ln ç ÷+c
(c) -2 e sec x + c (d) 2 e cos x + c 2 è x +1ø 4 è x +1ø
(2x + 3) dx 1 2 æ x +1ö 1 2 æ x +1ö

42. If I = ò , then I equals ln ç
2 2
(c) ÷+c (d) ln ç ÷+c
(x + 2x + 3) x + 2x + 4 2 è x -1 ø 4 è x -1 ø
x 2 + 2x + 4 - 1 f (x) dx
(a) log +c 47. If f (x) = Lim ex tan (1/n) log (1/n) and ò = g(x) + c
x 2 + 2x + 4 + 1
n ®¥ 3
sin11 x cos x
then
2
x + 2x + 4 - 1 æx+2ö
(b) log + tan -1 ç ÷+c æpö 3
2
x + 2x + 4 + 1 è 3 ø (a) g ç ÷ =
è4ø 2
æ x+3ö (b) g (x) is continuous for all x

(c) log tan -1 ç +c
ç 2 ÷÷
è ø æ p ö -15
(c) g ç ÷ =
(d) None è4ø 8
43. If f : R ® R is a function satisfying the following : (d) g (x) is non-differentiable at infinitely many points
(i) f (–x) = –f (x) Numerical Value Type Questions
(ii) f (x + 1) = f (x) + 1
48. Let f be a function satisfying f ”(x) = x–3/2 , f ’(4) = 2 and
æ1ö f x f (0) = 0 then f (784) is equal to
(iii) f ç ÷ = "x¹0
èxø x2 49. If the graph of the antiderivative
F (x) of f (x) = log (log x) + (log x)–2 passes through
x
then òe f x dx is equal to (e, 1998–e), then the term independent of x in F (x) is
(a) ex (x – 1) + c (b) ex log x + c 50. Let F (x) be the antiderivative of
ex ex 1
(c) +c (d) +c f (x) =
x x +1 (3 + 5sin x + 3cos x) whose graph passes through
Objective Questions II [One or more than one correct option] æpö 1 8

the point (0, 0) then the value of F ç ÷ - log + 1982 is
è2ø 5 3
44. If primitive of sin (log x) is f (x) (sin (g(x)) – cos (h(x)) + c then
equal to
g(x)
(a) lim
x ®2
f (x) = 1 (b) lim
x ®1 h(x)
=1 2 sin x - sin 2x
51. f (x) is the integral of , x ¹ 0 find
x3
(c) g (e3) = 3 (d) h (e5) = 5
lim f ¢ x .
x ®0
dx -1 æ xö
45. ò 5 + 4 cos x = l tan çè m tan 2 ÷ø + c then
x2 -1
52. If ò (x dx is equal to
2
2 1 + 1) x 4 + 1
(a) l = (b) m =
3 3
2 æ 1 1 ö
1 2 A tan -1 ç x2 + ÷÷ + c then A is equal to
(c) l = (d) m = 4 ç 2 x2
3 3 è ø

Assertion & Reason
56. ò f (x) dx, when
(A) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is true, REASON is a
correct explanation for ASSERTION.
2 x + 6 + 60 x - 15 x 2
(B) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is true, REASON is not (A) f (x) = 1 - x (P) c - log
15 2x - 3
a correct explanation for ASSERTION. 1+ x
(C) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is false.
(D) If ASSERTION is false, REASON is true. 1- x 1
. x +1 - 1- x
(B) f (x) = (Q) log +2
1+ x x 1+ x + 1- x
1 x
53. Assertion : If ò f (x) dx = 2 log |f(x)|+c, then f (x) = 2
1- x
x tan -1 +c
Reason : When f (x) = , then 1+ x
2
1 2 1
ò f (x) dx = ò x dx = 2 log | x | + c (C) f (x) = (R) x -2 1 - x - sin -1 x + c
æ 3ö 2
ç x - ÷ 4x - x
(a) A (b) B è 2ø
(c) C (d) D
x 2 +1 x 2 +1 4
54. Assertion : x2 -1 1+ x
1+ x
3/ 2
+c
ò x2 e x
dx = e x
+c (D) f (x) = (S)
x 3
f (x ) f (x)
Reason : ò f (x) e dx = e + c The correct matching is :
(a) A (b) B (a) (A-Q, B-R, C-P, D-S)
(c) C (d) D (b) (A-R, B-Q, C-P, D-S)
Match the Following (c) (A-R, B-P, C-Q, D-S)
Each question has two columns. Four options are given (d) (A-R, B-Q, C-S, D-P)
representing matching of elements from Column-I and
Column-II. Only one of these four options corresponds Using the following passage, solve Q.57 to Q.60
to a correct matching.For each question, choose the option
corresponding to the correct matching. Passage – 1
55. ò f (x) dx when We can derive reduction formula for the integration of the
n n n
1 form ò sin x dx, ò cos x dx, ò tan x dx and other integrals
(A) f (x) = x
(P) 2log (e x / 2 + e- x / 2 ) + c
e +1
of these form using integration by parts. In turn these
x +x e x reduction formulas can be used to compute integrals of
(B) f (x) = e e (Q) log x
+c higher power of sin x and cos x.
e +1
ex - 1 1 2x 2 1
(C) f (x) = (R) e +c 57. If I = ò sec6 x dx = tan5x + A tan3x + tan x + c then A is
ex + 1 4 5
2 + log x x equal to
(D) f (x) = e 2x (S) ee + c
The correct matching is : 1 2
(a) (b)
(a) (A-S, B-Q, C-P, D-R) 3 3
(b) (A-Q, B-S, C-R, D-P)
(c) (A-Q, B-S, C-P, D-R) 1 2
(c) - (d) -
(d) (A-R, B-S, C-P, D-Q) 3 3

Using the following passage, solve Q.61 and Q.62
5 1 8
58. If ò sin x dx = - sin4x cos x + A sin2x cos x - cos x + c Passage – 2
5 15
then A is equal to If the integrand is a rational function of x and fractional
2 3 ax + b
(a) - (b) - powers of a linear fractional function of the form .
15 5 cx + d
Then rationalization of the integral is affected by the
4 1
(c) - (d) - ax + b
15 15 substitution = t m , where m is the L.C.M. of
cx + d
6 1 ax + b
59. If ò tan x dx = tan5x + A tan3x + tan x –x + c then A is
5 fractional powers of .
cx + d
equal to
1 2 dx x -1
(a) (b) 61. If I = ò =A4 + c then A is equal to
3 3 4 3
(x - 1) (x + 2) 5 x+2
2 1
(c) - (d) - 1 2
3 3 (a) (b)
3 3
n cosec n - 2 x cot x
60. If ò cosec x dx = - + A ò cosec n - 2 x dx 3 4
n -1 (c) (d)
4 3
then A is equal to
(2x - 3)1/ 2 é1 1
1 n 62. If I = ò 1/ 3
dx = 3 ê (2x - 3)7 / 6 - (2x - 3)5 / 6 +
(a) (b) (2x - 3) + 1 ë7 5
n-2 n-2
n -1 n-2 1 ù
(c) (d) (2x - 3)1/ 2 - (2x - 3)1/ 6 + g(x) ú - 1 then g (x) is equal to
n-2 n -1 3 û
(a) tan–1 (2x–3)1/6 (b) (2x–3)1/2
(c) 3 tan–1 (2x–3)1/6 (d) 4 (2x–3)1/6
Text
x 3 + 3x + 2
63. Integrate ò 2
dx
x2 +1 x +1
æ 2x + 2 ö
64. Evaluate ò sin -1 ç ÷÷ dx
ç 2
è 4x + 8x + 13 ø
dx
65. Evaluate ò
(x +1 ) x 2 + x +1

EXERCISE - 4 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS

sec 2 x
3. The integral ò (sec x + tan x)9 / 2 dx equals to (for some
x
1. Let f x = for n ³ 2 and
(1 + x n )1/ n
arbitrary constant C) (2012)
g ( x) = ( f o f o...o f )( x)
144244 3
f occurs n times -1 ì1 1 2ü
(a) í - (sec x + tan x) ý + C
(sec x + tan x)11/ 2 î 11 7 þ
Then ò x n - 2 g(x) dx equals (2007)
1 ì1 1 ü
1 1-
1 (b) 11/ 2 í
- (sec x + tan x) 2 ý + C
(a) (1 + nx n ) n + c (sec x + tan x) î11 7 þ
n(n - 1)
1
1 1- -1 ì1 1 2ü
(b) (1 + nx n ) n + c (c) í + (sec x + tan x) ý + C
n -1 (sec x + tan x)11/ 2 î11 7 þ
1
1 1+
(c) (1 + nx n ) n + c 1 ì1 1 ü
n(n + 1) + (sec x + tan x) 2 ý + C
(d) 11/ 2 í
(sec x + tan x) î11 7 þ
1
1 1+
(d) (1 + nx n ) n + c Objective Questions II [One or more than one correct option]
n +1
ex e- x 4. Let b be a nonzero real number. Suppose f : R ® R is

2. Let I = ò dx, J = ò e-4x + e-2x + 1 dx
e 4x + e 2x + 1
a differentiable function such that f(0) = 1. If the
Then, for an arbitrary constant c, the value of J–I equals
f ( x)
(2008) derivative f ’ of f satisfies the equation f ¢ ( x) =
b2 + x2
1 æ e 4x - e 2x + 1 ö
(a) log ç 4x x ÷+c for all xÎ R, then which of the following statements is/
2 è e + e +1 ø
are TRUE? (2020)
1 æ e 2x + e x + 1 ö (a) If b > 0, then f is an increasing function

(b) log ç 2x x ÷+c
2 è e - e +1ø
(b) If b < 0, then f is a decreasing function
1 æ e2x - e x + 1 ö (c) f (x) . f (–x) = 1 for all xÎR

(c) log ç 2x x ÷+c
2 è e + e +1ø
(d) f (x) –f (–x) = 0 for all xÎR
1 æ e 4x + e2x + 1 ö
(d) log ç 4x 2x ÷+c
2 è e - e +1 ø

Assertion & Reason
(A) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is true, REASON is a

(B) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is true, REASON is not
a correct explanation for ASSERTION.
(C) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is false.
(D) If ASSERTION is false, REASON is true.
5. Let F(x) be an indefinite integral of sin2 x.

Assertion : The function F(x) satisfies F(x + p) = F(x) for
all real x.
Reason : sin2(x + p) = sin2 x for all real x. (2007)
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
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DEFINITE INTEGRATION,
AREA UNDER CURVES

Chapter 06 55
AREA UNDER CURVES
1. DEFINITION NOTES :
1. We can also write

Let f (x) be a continuous real valued function defined on the closed
interval [a, b] which is divided into n parts as shown in figure. Sn = h f (a + h) + h f (a + 2h) + ......... + h f (a + nh) and
b n
æ b-a ö æ æ b-a ö ö
ò f ( x ) dx = Lt
n ®¥ å çè
r =1
÷ f ça + ç ÷ r÷
n ø çè è n ø ÷ø
a
1 n -1
1 ærö
2. If a = 0, b = 1, ò f ( x ) dx = Lt
n ®¥ ån r =0
f ç ÷
ènø
0
2. DEFINITE INTEGRAL AS LIMIT OF SUM/SUM OF

INFINITE SERIES USING DEFINITE INTEGRAL
The point of division on x-axis are
r 1
b-a Step 1. Replace by x, by dx and nLt
® ¥ å by ò
a, a + h, a +2h.........a + (n–1) h, a + nh, where = h. n n
n
ærö
Let Sn denotes the area of these n rectangles. Step 2. Evaluate nLt ç ÷ by putting least and greatest
®¥ n
è ø
Then, Sn = h f (a) + h f (a + h) + h f (a + 2h) + ....... + h f
values of r as lower and upper limits respectively.
(a + (n – 1) h)
pn p
Clearly, Sn is area very close to the area of the region bounded by 1 ærö
curve y = f (x), x –axis and the ordinates x = a, x = b. For example nLt
®¥ år =1
f ç ÷=
n ènø ò f (x ) dx
0
b
é ærö ærö ù
Hence ò f ( x ) dx = Lt Sn
n ®¥ ê nLt ç ÷
®¥ è n ø r = 1
= 0 , Lt ç ÷
n ®¥ è n ø r = np
= pú
a ë û
b n -1
3. SECOND FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF
ò f (x) dx = Lt å h f (a + rh) CALCULUS
n ®¥
a r =0
Let F (x) be any antiderivative of f (x), then for any two values of
the independent variable x, say a and b, the difference
n -1
æ b-a ö æ (b - a ) r ö F (b) – F (a) is called the definite integral of f (x) from a to b and is
= Lt
n ®¥ å çè
r =0
÷ f ça +
n ø è n
÷
ø b b
denoted by ò
a
f ( x ) dx . Thus ò f (x) dx = F (b) - F(a ),
a

56
The numbers a and b are called the limits of integration; a is the 4.2 Geometrical Interpretation of the Definite Integral
lower limit and b is the upper limit. Usually F (b) – F (a) is abbreviated
by writing F (x) |ab . b
If y = f (x) is continuous and ò f ( x) dx = 0,
a
4. GEOMETRICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE
DEFINITE INTEGRAL then f (x) = 0 has at least one real root in (a, b).
5. PROPERTIES OF DEFINITE INTEGRALS

4.1
b a
1. ò f (x) dx = -ò f (x)
a b
b b
2. ò
a
f ( x ) dx = ò f ( y) dy
a
Figure 4.1
b c b
Let f : [a,b] ® [0, ¥) be a function, P = {x0, x1, x2,....,xn} be a
partition of [a, b] and ti Î [xi=1, xi] for i = 1, 2,...., n Then (see
3. ò
a
ò
f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx +
a
ò f (x) dx, where c may or may
c
fig. 4.1) f(t1) Dxi = f(t1) (xi - xi-1) = Area of the rectangle with
not lie between a and b.
width Dxi and height f(ti)
Hence a a
n
4. ò
0
f ( x ) dx = ò f (a - x) dx
0
S f , P = å f ti Dxi
i =1
b b
= Sum of the areas of the rectangles with width Dxi = xi-xi-1 5. ò

a
f ( x ) dx = ò f (a + b - x) dx
a
and height f(ti)
Thus, the area A enclosed by the x-axis, the lines x = a, x=b NOTES :
and the curve y = f(x) is approximately equal to S (f,P).
When the width of the rectangles becomes smaller, that is a
f (x) a
when Max {Dx1, Dx2, ..., Dxn} is small, the sum of the areas 1. ò f ( x ) + f (a - x )
dx =
2
or S (f, P) is very nearly equal to A. If f is integrable, then 0
h
b
S(f, P) converges to f (x) b-a
ò f ( x) dx and hence 2. ò dx =
a
a
f (x) + f (a + b - x) 2
b
2a a a
A = ò f ( x)dx
a
6. ò
0
f ( x ) dx = ò 0
f (x ) dx + ò f (2a - x) dx
0
Thus, definite integral of a non-negative function f, when

integrable, may be interpreted over [a, b] as the area ì 0 if f (2a - x) = - f (x) ü
enclosed by the curve y = f(x), the lines x = a, x = b and the ï a ï
= í 2 f (x) dx if f (2a – x) = f (x) ý
x-axis. ï ò ï
î 0 þ

57
14. If a function f (x) is continuous on the interval [a, b], then

a
ì a ü there exists a point c Î (a, b) such that
ï2ò f (x)dx if f (-x) = f (x) i.e. f (x) is even ï
7. ò f (x) dx = í 0 ý
b
-a ï 0 if f (-x) = - f (x) i.e. f (x) is oddïþ
î
ò f (x) dx = f (c) (b - a), where a < c < b.
a
8. If f (x) is a periodic function of period ‘a’,
i.e. f (a + x) = f (x), then 6. DIFFERENTIATION UNDER INTEGRAL SIGN
na a
NEWTON LEIBNITZ’S THEOREM :
(a) ò f (x) dx = n ò f (x) dx
0 0 If f is continuous on [a, b] and g(x) & h(x) are differentiable
functions of x whose values lie in [a, b], then
na a
(b) ò f (x) dx = (n -1) ò f (x) dx d é

h (x )
ù d d
a 0 ê ò f (t) dt ú = h (x) . f h (x) - g (x) . f g (x)
dx ëê g (x) ûú dx dx
b + na b
(c) ò f (x) dx =ò f (x) dx, where b Î R 7. REDUCTION FORMULAE IN DEFINITE

na 0 INTEGRALS
b +a
(d) ò f (x) dx independent of b. p

2
b æ n -1 ö
If I n = sin n x dx, then show that I n = ç
7.1
0
ò è n ø
÷ In-2
b + na a
(e) ò b
ò
f ( x ) dx = n f ( x ) dx, where n Î I
0 p
2
Proof: I n = sin n x dx
b ò
9. If f (x) ³ 0 on the interval [a, b], then
ò
a
f ( x ) dx ³ 0. 0
p
10. If f (x) £ g (x) on the interval [a, b], then p 2
b b I n = - sin n -1 x cos x 2
0 + (n - 1) sin n - 2 x . cos 2 x dx
ò
ò f (x) dx £ò g (x) dx
a a
0
p
b b 2
= (n - 1) sin n - 2 x . (1 - sin 2 x ) dx
ò
11. ò f (x ) dx £ ò f (x ) dx
a a 0
12. If f (x) is continuous on [a, b], m is the least and M is the

p p
greatest value of f (x) on [a, b], then 2 2
b
= (n - 1) sin n - 2 x dx - (n - 1) sin n x dx
ò ò
0 0
m (b - a ) £ ò
a
f ( x ) dx £ M (b - a )
In + (n – 1) In = (n – 1) In–2
13. For any two functions f (x) and g (x), integrable on the
interval [a, b], the Schwarz – Bunyakovsky inequality holds æ n -1 ö
In = ç ÷ I n-2
è n ø
b b b
ò f ( x ) . g ( x ) dx £ ò f 2 ( x ) dx. g 2 (x ) dx
ò
a a a

58
NOTES : p
2
m
p
2
p
2
7.3 If I m,n = ò sin
0
x . cos n x dx, then show that
1. ò sin n x dx = cos n x dx
ò
0 0
m -1
I m,n = I m -2 , n
m+n
æ n -1 ö æ n - 3 ö æ n - 5 ö
2. I n = ç ÷ç ÷ç ÷ ..... I 0 or I1
è n øèn-2øèn-4ø
p
2
p Proof. I m, n = sin m -1 x (sin x cos n x) dx
according as n is even or odd. I 0 =
2
, I1 = 1 ò
0
ìæ n - 1 ö æ n - 3 ö æ n - 5 ö æ1ö p
ïïç ÷ç ÷ç ÷ ....... ç ÷ . if n is even p
n øèn-2øèn-4ø è2ø 2 é sin m-1 x.cos n +1 x ù 2
Hence I n = íè = ê-
æ n - 1 ö æ n - 3 ö æ n - 5 ö æ2ö ú +
ïç ÷ç ÷ç ÷ ........ ç ÷ . 1 if n is odd ë n +1 û0
ïî è n ø è n - 2 ø è n - 4 ø è3ø
p
p 2
cos n+1 x
4
1 ò (m–1) sinm–2 x cos x dx
n +1
If I n = tan n x dx, then show that In + In–2 =
7.2
ò
0
n -1
0
p
p
2
4 æ m -1 ö m-2 n 2
Proof. I n = (tan x ) n - 2 . tan 2 x dx
ò
=ç
è n +1 ø 0 ò
÷ sin x . cos x . cos x dx
0
p
p
4
2
= (tan x ) n - 2 (sec 2 x - 1) dx
ò æ m -1 ö m -2
=ç ÷ ò (sin x . cos n x - sin m x. cos n x ) dx
0 è n +1 ø 0
p p
4 4
= (tan x) n - 2 sec 2 x dx - (tan x ) n - 2 dx æ m -1 ö æ m -1 ö

ò
0
ò
0
=ç ÷ I m - 2,n - ç
è n +1 ø
÷ I m, n
è n +1 ø
p
é (tan x ) n -1 ù 4 æ m -1 ö æ m -1 ö
=ê ú - I n -2 Þ ç1 + ÷ I m, n = ç ÷ I m - 2, n
ë n -1 û 0 è n +1 ø è n +1 ø
1
In = - In -2 æ m -1 ö
n -1 I m, n = ç ÷ I m - 2, n
èm+nø
1
\ I n + I n -2 =
n -1

59
NOTES : c b
c b
A= ò y dx
a
+ ò y dx = ò f (x) dx - ò
c
a c
f (x) dx
æ m -1 ö æ m - 3 ö æ m - 5 ö
1. I m,n = ç ÷ç ÷ç ÷ .......... I or I
èm+nøèm+n-2øèm+n-4ø 0,n 1,n
where c is a point in between a and b.
according as m is even or odd.
p p
2 2
1
I 0, n = cos n x dx and I1, n = sin x . cos n x dx =
ò ò
0 0
n +1
2. Walli’s Formula
ì (m - 1) (m - 3) (m - 5) ...... (n - 1) (n - 3) (n - 5) ..... p
ï (m + n) (m + n - 2) (m + n - 4)......... 2
ï 2. The area bounded by the curve x = g (y), y – axis and the
ï when both m, n are even abscissae y = c and y = d (where d > c) is given by
ï
I m,n =í
ï (m - 1) (m - 3) (m - 5) ....... (n - 1) (n - 3) (n - 5)......... d d
ï A = ò | x | dy = ò | g (y) | dy
ï (m + n) (m + n - 2) (m + n - 4)........ c c
ï otherwise
î
8. AREA OF PLANE REGIONS
1. The area bounded by the curve y = f (x), x-axis and the

ordinates x = a. and x = b (where b > a) is given by
b b
A = ò| y| dx = ò| f (x)| dx
a a 3. If we have two curve y = f (x) and y = g (x), such that
y = f (x) lies above the curve y = g (x) then the area bounded
(i) If f (x) > 0 " x Î [a, b] between them and the ordinates x = a and x = b (b > a), is
b
given by
Then A = ò f (x) dx b b
a
A= òa
ò
f ( x ) dx - g ( x) dx
a
i.e. upper curve area – lower curve area.
(ii) If f (x) > 0 " x Î [a, c) &

< 0 " x Î (c, b] Then

60
4. The area bounded by the curves y = f (x) and y = g (x) Step 2 : Origin
between the ordinates x = a and x = b is given by If there is no constant term in the equation of the algebraic
c b
curve, then the curve passes through the origin.
A= ò
a
ò
f ( x ) dx + g ( x ) dx,
c
In that case, the tangents at the origin are given by equating
to zero the lowest degree terms in the equation of the
given algebraic curve.
where x = c is the point of intersection of the two curves.
For example, the curve y3 = x3 + axy passes through the
origin and the tangents at the origin are given by axy = 0
i.e. x = 0 and y = 0.
Step 3 : Intersection with the Co-ordinate Axes
(i) To find the points of intersection of the curve with X-axis,
put y = 0 in the equation of the given curve and get the
corresponding values of x.
(ii) To find the points of intersection of the curve with Y-axis,
put x = 0 in the equation of the given curve and get the
corresponding values of y.
Step 4 : Asymptotes
Find out the asymptotes of the curve.
9. CURVE TRACING
(i) The vertical asymptotes or the asymptotes parallel to
In order to find the area bounded by several curves, it is y-axis of the given algebraic curve are obtained by
important to have rough sketch of the required portion. equating to zero the coefficient of the highest power of y
The following steps are very useful in tracing a cartesian in the equation of the given curve.
curve f (x, y) = 0. (ii) The horizontal asymptotes or the asymptotes parallel to
Step 1 : Symmetry x-axis of the given algebraic curve are obtained by equating
to zero the coefficient of the highest power of x in the
(i) The curve is symmetrical about x-axis if all powers of y in
equation of the given curve.
the equation of the given curve are even.
Step 5 : Region
(ii) The curve is symmetrical about y-axis if all powers of x in
the equation of the given curve are even. Find out the regions of the plane in which no part of the
curve lies. To determine such regions we solve the given
(iii) The curve is symmetrical about the line y = x, if the equation
equation for y in terms of x or vice-versa. Suppose that y
of the given curve remains unchanged on interchanging x
becomes imaginary for x > a, the curve does not lie in the
and y.
region x > a.
(iv) The curve is symmetrical in opposite quadrants, if the
Step 6: Critical Points
equation of the given curve remains unchanged when x
and y are replaced by – x and – y respectively. dy
Find out the values of x at which = 0.
dx
At such points y generally changes its character from an
increasing function of x to a decreasing function of x or
vice-versa.
Step 7: Trace the curve with the help of the above points.

DEFINITE INTEGRATION, AREA UNDER CURVES 61
SOLVED EXAMPLES
Let f (x) be a function satisfying f ´ (x) = f (x) with Evaluate the following integrals :
f (0) = 1 and g (x) be a function that satisfies
3 3
f (x) + g (x) = x 2. Then the value of the integral x
(i) ò x 2 dx (ii) ò (x + 1) (x + 2) dx
1 2 1
ò f (x) g (x) dx is
0
3
2 2
3 2 é x3 ù
e 2 e 3 Sol. (i) ò2 x dx = ê ú
(a) e + - (b) e - - ë 3 û2
2 2 2 2
27 8 19
= - =
3 3 3
e2 5 e2 5
(c) e + + (d) e - -
2 2 2 2
x -1 2
(ii) = +
Ans. (b) (x + 1) (x + 2) x + 1 x + 2
Sol. As f ( x ) = f '( x) and f (0) = 1
3 x 3
\ ò dx = - log |x + 1| + 2 log |x + 2| 1
¢
f ( x)
1 (x + 1) (x + 2)
Þ =1
f ( x) = [– log |4| + 2 log |5|] – [–log |2| + 2 log |3|]
= [–log 4 + 2 log 5] – [– log 2 + 2 log 3]
Þ log( f (x)) = x + c Þ f ( x) = ex + k
= – 2 log 2 + 2 log 5 + log 2 – 2 log 3
x
Þ f ( x) = e as f (0) = 1 = – log 2 + log 25 – log 9 = log 25 – log 18
Now g ( x) = x 2 - e x 25
= log
18
1 1
\ ò f ( x ) g ( x) dx = ò e x x 2 - e x dx Example – 3
0 0
1 1
= ò x 2 e x dx - ò e 2 x dx p/ 4
1 - sin x
0 0
Evaluate : ò sec x . dx .
0
1 + sin x
1
æ e2 x ö
1
= éë x 2 - 2 x + 2 e x ùû - ç ÷ p/ 4
0
è 2 ø0 Sol. I=
1 - sin x
ò sec x .
0
1 + sin x
dx
æ e2 - 1 ö e2 3
= (e - 2) - ç ÷=e- - p/4
è 2 ø 2 2 1 - sin x 1 - sin x
= ò sec x. . dx
0
1 + sin x 1 - sin x
n x x n n n n
Using f ( x)e dx = e éë f ( x) - f1 ( x) + f2 ( x) +¼+ (-1) fn ( x) ùû
p/4
1 - sin x
Where f1 , f 2 , ¼ f n are derivatives of first, second ¼ n order..
th = ò sec x dx
0 1 - sin 2 x

Example – 5
p/ 4
1 - sin x
= ò sec x dx
0
cos x p/ 2
64
Prove that ò sin f cos5 f df = .
0
231
p/ 4
2
= ò (sec x - sec x tan x) dx
p/2
0
Sol. I= ò sin f cos5 f df
0
p/ 4 p/ 4
2
= ò sec x dx - ò sec x tan x dx p/ 2
0 0
= ò sin f cos 4 f cos f df
0
p/4 p/ 4
= [tan x] 0 - [sec x] 0
p/2
= ò sin f (1 - sin 2 f) 2 cos f df
æ p ö æ p ö 0
= ç tan - tan 0 ÷ - ç sec - sec 0 ÷
è 4 ø è 4 ø
Put sin f = t so that cos f df = dt.
= (1 - 0) - ( 2 - 1) = 2 - 2 . When f = 0, sin 0 = t Þ t = 0.
p p
Example – 4 When f = , sin = t Þ t = 1
2 2
1
1 1
4
Evaluate : ò 5x x 5 + 1 dx . \ I = ò t (1 - t 2 ) 2 dt = ò t (1 - 2t 2 + t 4 ) dt
-1 0 0
1 1
Sol. Let I = ò 5x 4 x 5 + 1 dx = ò (t1/ 2 - 2t 5 / 2 + t 9 / 2 ) dt
-1 0
Put x5 = t so that 5x4 dx = dt.

1
é t3/ 2 t 7 / 2 t11/ 2 ù
When x = –1, t = –1. When x = 1, t = 1. =ê -2 + ú
ë3 / 2 7 / 2 11/ 2 û 0
1
\ I= ò t + 1 dt 1
-1 é2 4 2 ù
= ê t 3/ 2 - t 7 / 2 + t11/ 2 ú
ë3 7 11 û0
1
é (t + 1)3/ 2 ù 2 3/ 2 1
=ê ú = éë(t + 1) ùû -1 é2 4 2 ù
= ê (1) - (1) + (1) ú - [0 - 0 + 0]
ë 3 / 2 û -1 3
ë3 7 11 û
2 3/ 2 4 2. 2 4 2
= [2 - 0] = = - +
3 3 3 7 11
154 - 132 + 42 64 .
= =
231 231

Example – 6
é æ 1ö
Þ I = lim êa 2 (b - a ) + a (b - a ) 2 ç1 + ÷÷
2
n ®¥
ë è nø
æ x -1 ö
Evaluate : ò ç 2 ÷ e x dx
1è x ø
1 æ 1öæ 1 öù
+ (b - a ) 3 ç1 + ÷ ç 2 + ÷ ú
Or 6 è nøè n øû
2
x æ1 1 ö (b - a)3
òe ç - 2 ÷ dx
èx x ø Þ I = a2 (b – a) + a (b – a)2 + (2)
1 6
æ x -1 ö x æ1 1 ö b 2 + a 2 - 2ab ù
Sol. ò çè 2 ÷
e dx = ò e x ç - 2 ÷ dx é
Þ I = (b - a ) êa 2 + ab - a 2 +
x ø èx x ø ú
ë 3 û
1 x 1
=ò . e dx - ò 2 .e x dx (b - a ) 2 b3 - a 3
x x Þ I= a + b 2 + ab =
3 3
1 x æ 1 ö 1
= . e - ò ç - 2 ÷ e x dx - ò 2 .e x dx Example – 8
x è x ø x
[Integrating first integral by parts] 1

Evaluate : ò | 3x - 1| dx
1 x 0
= . e = F(x)
x
Sol. We know that |3x – 1| = 3x – 1,
2 2
æ x -1ö x é ex ù 1
\ ò1 çè x 2 ÷ø e dx = êë x úû when x ³ i.e. when 3x –1 ³ 0
3
1
and |3x –1| = – (3x–1)

1 1 1
= .e 2 - e1 = e 2 - e . 1
2 1 2 when x < i.e. when 3x –1 < 0.
3
Example – 7
1 1/ 3 1
b \ ò | 3x - 1| dx = ò | 3x - 1 | dx + ò | 3x - 1 | dx
0 0 1/ 3
2
Evaluate : dx using limit of a sum formula.
òx
a
1/ 3 1
= ò -(3x - 1) dx + ò (3x - 1) dx
b 0 1/ 3
Sol. Let I = ò x 2 dx = lim h [(a + h) 2 + (a + 2h)2 +...+ (a + nh)2]
n ®¥
a h ®0 1/ 3 1
é æ3 öù é3 ù
= ê - ç x 2 - x ÷ú + ê x 2 - x ú
ë è2 øû 0 ë2 û1/ 3
= lim h éê a 2 + a 2 + ... + h 2 + 4h 2 + ..... + n 2 h 2
n ®¥ ë
h ®0 æ 3 1 1 ö éæ 3 ö æ 3 1 1 öù
= - ç . - ÷ + êç (1) - 1÷ - ç . - ÷ ú
è 2 9 3 ø ëè 2 ø è 2 9 3 øû
+ 2ah + 4ah + ... + 2anh ùû
é1 1ù é 3 ù é1 1ù
2 3
= - ê - ú + ê - 1ú - ê - ú
é 2ah n(n + 1) h n(n + 1) (2n + 1) ù ë6 3û ë 2 û ë 6 3û
Þ I = lim ê nha 2 + + ú
n ®¥ 2 6
h ®0 ë û
æ1 1ö 1 æ 1ö 1 1 1 5
= -2 ç - ÷ + = -2 ç - ÷ + = + =
Using nh = b – a, we get : è 6 3 ø 2 è 6ø 2 3 2 6

Example – 9
p/2
sin x + cos x
3.5
Þ 2I =
ò0
sin x + cos x
dx
Evaluate : ò [x] dx
0.5
where [ . ] is GIF
p/ 2
p p
ì 0, 0.5 £ x < 1
ï 1,1 £ x < 2
Þ 2I = ò dx = 2
0
Þ I=
4
ï
Sol. Here f (x) = [x] = í
ï 2, 2 £ x < 3 Example – 11
ïî3,3 £ x < 3.5
p/2
3.5 1 2 3 3.5 Prove that ò sin 2x log tan x dx = 0.

\ ò [x] dx =
0.5
ò [x] dx + ò [x] dx + ò [x] dx + ò [x] dx
0.5 1 2 3
0
p/2
1 2 3 3.5
Sol. Let I = ò sin 2x log tan x dx ... (1)
= ò 0.dx + ò 1.dx + ò 2.dx + ò 3 dx 0
0.5 1 2 3
= 0 + [x]12 + 2[x]32 + 3[x]3.5

3 p/2
\ æp ö æp ö
I= ò sin 2 çè 2 - x ÷ø log tan çè 2 - x ÷ø dx
= (2 – 1) + 2 (3 – 2) + 3 (3. 5 – 3) 0
= 1 + 2 + 1.5 = 4.5.
Example – 10 p/ 2
æp ö
= ò sin (p - 2x) log tan çè 2 - x ÷ø dx
0
p/ 2
sin x
Evaluate : ò
0
sin x + cos x
dx
p/2
= ò sin 2x log cot x dx ... (2)
0
p/ 2
sin x
Sol. Let : ò
0
sin x + cos x
dx ... (i) Adding (1) and (2) :
p/ 2
Using property – 4, we have :
2I = ò sin 2x [log tan x + log cot x] dx
0
p/ 2
sin(p / 2 - x )
I= ò
0
sin (p / 2 - x ) + cos (p / 2 - x )
dx
p/ 2
= ò sin 2x log (tan x cot x) dx
0
p/2
cos x
I= ò
0
cos x + sin x
dx ... (ii) p/2
= ò sin 2x log 1 dx = 0
0
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
p/ 2 p/2
[Q log 1 = 0]
sin x cos x
2I = ò
0
sin x + cos x
dx + ò
0
sin x + cos x
dx
Hence I = 0.

Example – 12
1 2
é x2 ù é 3x 2 ù
= ê 2. - x ú + ê - 2x ú
If f (a + b – x) = f (x), then
b
x f (x) dx is equal to ë 2 û -2 ë 2 û1
ò a
a+b b 1 2
(a) f (x) dx é3 ù
2 òa = é x 2 - x ù + ê x 2 - 2x ú
ë û -2 ë 2 û 1
b-a b
(b) òa f (x) dx
2 éæ 3 ö æ3 öù
= [(1 - 1) - (4 + 2)] + êç (4) - 2(2) ÷ - ç (1) - 2(1) ÷ú
ëè 2 ø è 2 øû
a+b b
(c)
2 òa f (a + b - x) dx
æ 1ö 5 7
a+b b = (0 - 6) + ç 2 + ÷ = -6 + = -
(d) f (b - x) dx è 2ø 2 2
2 òa
Ans. (a,c) Example – 14
b p/ 2
Sol. Let I = ò x f ( x)dx
a Evaluate :
ò
0
1 - sin 2x dx.
b
I = ò ( a + b - x) f ( a + b - x) dx
a
p/2
b
I = ò (a + b) f (a + b - x)dx - ò x f ( a + b - x) dx
a
b
a
Sol. Let I =
ò
0
1 - sin 2 x dx
b b
I = ò (a + b) f ( x )dx - ò x f ( x )dx p/2
a a
Þ I= ò (sin x - cos x ) 2 dx
0
a +b b a +b b
\I = ò f ( x )dx = f (a + b - x) dx
2 a 2 òa
p/ 2
Example – 13 Þ I=
ò sin x - cos x dx
0
2
Evaluate :
-2
ò f (x) dx; p/ 4 p/ 2
Þ I=
ò
0
sin x - cos x dx + ò (sin x - cos x) dx
p/ 4
ì2x - 1, -2 £ x < 1
where f (x) = í
î 3x - 2, 1 £ x < 2 p/4 p/ 2
Þ I=
ò
0
(cos x - sin x ) dx + ò (sin x - cos x) dx
p/ 4
2 1 2
Sol. ò f (x) dx = ò f (x) dx + ò f (x) dx
-2 -2 1 p /4 p /2
Þ I = sin x + cos x 0
+ - cos x - sin x p /4
1 2
= ò (2x - 1) dx + ò (3x - 2) dx æ 1 1 ö æ 1 1 ö
Þ I=ç + - 1÷÷ + (-1) - çç - - ÷÷
-2 1 ç
è 2 2 ø è 2 2ø
Þ I = 2 2 -2

p
x æp ö
Evaluate : ò 1 + cos 2
x
dx. p x sin (2 x ) sin ç cos x ÷ dx
è 2 ø
0 Evaluate :
ò
0
2x - p
p
x
Sol. Let I = ò 1 + cos 2
x
dx ... (i)
0 æp ö
p x sin (2 x) sin ç cos x ÷ dx
è2 ø
p
Sol. Let I =
ò
0
2x - p
... (i)
Þ I= (p - x ) [using property – 4]
ò 1 + cos (p - x) dx
0
2
Apply property – 4 to get
... (ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get :
æp ö
p ( p - x)sin (2p - 2x) sin ç cos ( p - x) ÷ dx
Þ I=ò è2 ø
p 0
2 ( p - x) - p
p
Þ 2I =
ò
0
1 + cos 2 x
dx
æp ö
(p - x ) sin 2 x sin ç cos x ÷ dx
p
p p/ 2 è 2 ø
p
Þ I= 2 ò
dx
2
=
2p
ò
dx = - ò 2 x - p
... (ii)
0
1 + cos x 2 0
1 + cos 2 x 0
[using property – 6] Add (i) and (ii) to get
Divide Nr and Dr by cos2x to get :

p
ép ù
2I = ò 2 sin x cos x sin ê cos x ú dx
p/2
sec 2 x ë 2 û
0
Þ I=p
ò
0
sec 2 x + 1
dx
p p
Put tan x = t Þ sec2 x dx = dt Let cos x = t Þ – sin x dx = dt
2 2
[sec2 x = 1 + tan2 x]
For x = p/2, t ® ¥ and for x = 0, t = 0 p/2 p/ 2
4 8
¥
Þ I=
p2 ò
-p / 2
t sin t dt =
p2 ò t sin t dt
0
dt
Þ I=p
ò 0
2 + t2
8 é p /2
Þ I= - t cos t + (sin t)p0 /2 ùú
p2 êë
0 û
¥
p -1 t p p p2
Þ I= tan = =´
2 2 0 2 2 2 2 8 8
= 2
[0 + 1] = 2
p p

Example – 17 Substituting in (iii) we get :

2 I = I – p /2 log 2
p/2
Þ I = – p/2 log 2
Evaluate : ò log sin x dx.
0 [learn this result so that you can directly apply it in other
difficult problem]
p/ 2
Let I = ... (i) Example – 18

Sol.
ò log sin x dx
0
np + v
p/ 2
æp ö
Show that
ò sin x dx = 2n + 1 - cos v, where n is a +ve
Þ I=
ò
0
log sin ç - x ÷ dx
è2 ø
[using property–4] 0
integer and 0 £ v £ p.
p/2 np+ v np np+ v

Let I = ò sin x dx = ò sin x dx + ò sin x dx
Þ I=
ò
0
log cos x dx ... (ii) Sol.
0 0 np
[using property – 3]
Adding (i) and (ii) we get :
Þ I = I1 + I 2 ... (i)
p/2 p/ 2
æ sin 2 x ö Consider I1 :
2I = ò log (sin x cos x) dx = ò log çè
0 0
2 ø
÷ dx
np p
I1 = ò sin x dx = n ò sin x dx
p/ 2 p/2 0 0
Þ 2I =
ò log sin 2x dx - ò log 2 dx
0 0
[using property and period of |sin x| is p]
p
p/ 2
p Þ I1 = n sin x dx
ò
Þ 2I =
ò log sin 2x dx - 2 log 2
0
... (iii) 0
[As sin x ³ 0 in [0, p], |sin x| = sin x]

p/ 2
p
Þ I1 = -n cos x 0 = - n -1 - 1 = 2n
Let I1 = ò log sin 2x dx
0
np + v v
Put t = 2x Þ dt = 2dx | sin x | dx = ò | sin x | dx
Consider I2 : I 2 = ò
np
0
p
For x = , t = p and for x = 0, t = 0
2 [as period of |sin x| = p]
v
p p/ 2
1 2 Þ I 2 = ò sin x dx
Þ I1 =
2 0 ò
log sin t dt =
2 ò log sin t dt
0
0
[as for 0 £ x £ p, sin x is positive]

v
p/2 = - cos x 0 = 1 - cos v
Þ I1 = ò log sin x dx
0
[using property–2]
On substituting the values of I1 and I2 in (i), we get
Þ I1 = I I = 2n + (1 – cos v) = 2n + 1 – cos v.
Hence proved.

d æ x Let F : R ® R be a differentiable function having

Evaluate cos t 2 dt ö÷
dx è ò1/ x
ç
ø æ 1 ö f (x ) 4t
3
f (2) = 6, f ´(2) = ç ÷ . Then lim ò dt equals
è 48 ø x ®2 6 x-2
x
Sol. Let, f (x) = ò cos t 2 dt
1/ x
(a) 36 (b) 24
d
2 (c) 18 (d) 12
ìd ü æ 1 ö ì d æ 1 öü
\ (f (x)) = cos ( x ) 2 . í ( x ) ý - cos ç ÷ í ç ÷ ý
dx î dx þ è x ø î dx è x ø þ Ans. (c)
1 1 æ 1 ö f (x) 4t 3
= cos x + .cos ç 2 ÷ (Using Leibnitz Rule) Sol. lim ò dt
x 2 x®2 6 x-2
2 x èx ø
d æ x 1 1 æ 1 ö æ0ö
cos t 2 dt ö÷ = cos x + 2 cos ç 2 ÷ . Q ç ÷ form
dx è ò1/ x
Þ ç
ø 2 x x èx ø è0ø
Example – 20
f ¢ (x) ´ 4(f (x))3
= lim
Find the points of local minimum and local maximum of the x ®2 1
x2 2
t - 5t + 4 1
dt. = 4f ¢ (2) ´ (f (2))3 = ´ 4 ´ 6 ´ 6 ´ 6 = 18
function ò 2+e t 48
0
Example – 22
x2 2 x2
t - 5t + 4 (t - 1) (t - 4)
Sol. Let y = ò dt = ò dt If for a continuous function
t
0 2+e 0 2 + et
t æ pö
ò-p f (x) + x dx = p - t , for all t ³ -p, then f çè - 3 ÷ø is equal
2 2
For the points of Extremes,
dy to:
=0
dx
p
(a) p (b)
2
é (x 2 - 1) (x 2 - 4) ù
ê ú (2x) = 0 [using property under point 3]
êë 2 úû p p
2 + ex (c) (d)
3 6
Þ x = 0 or x4 – 5x2 + 4 = 0
Ans. (a)
Þ x = 0 or (x – 1) (x + 1) (x – 2) (x + 2) = 0
t
2
Þ x = 0, x = ± 1 and x = ± 2 Sol. ò-p ( f (x) + x)dx = p - t2
Applying Newton-Leibnitz theorem,
f (t ) + t = -2t
f ’(x) changes sign from (–) to (+) at x = –2, 0, 2 where as
f ’(x) changes sign from (+) to (–) at x = –1, 1 æ p ö p 2p
f ç- ÷- =
Þ x = –2, 0, 2 are points of local minimum and x = –1, 1 are è 3ø 3 3
points of local maximum.
æ pö
Þ f ç- ÷ = p
è 3ø

Example – 23
æ ö
Find the sum of the series :
1 çç 1 ÷÷
n
Sn = å
1 1 1 1 r =1 n ç r r ÷
lim + + + ........ + . ç + ÷
n ®¥ n n +1 n + 2 6n èn nø
1 1 1 1
Sol. Let S = lim + + + ........ +
n®¥ n n +1 n + 2 n + 5n 1
1
\ lim Sn = ò dx
n ®¥
Take 1/n common from the series i.e. 0 x+ x
é ù 1
1ê 1 1 1 ú 1
S = lim ê1 + + + ....... + =ò dx
n ®¥ n
ê 1+ 1 1+ 2 5n ú 0 x x +1
1+ ú
ë n n n û
1
1
5n
1 = 2 ln x +1
= lim
n ®¥ n å 1+ r / n
r=0
0
= 2 ln 2
For the definite integral,
Example – 25
ærö 1
Lower limit = a = nlim ç ÷ = lim = 0
®¥ n n ®¥ n
è ø 1 2 1 3
If I1 = ò 2 x dx, I2 = ò 2x dx,
00
ærö 5n
Upper limit = b = nlim ç ÷ = lim
®¥ n n ®¥ n
=5
è ø I3 = ò
2 2
2 x dx and I 4 = ò
2
2 x dx
3
1 1
Therefore,
then
5n
1 1
S = lim å (a) I1 > I2 (b) I2 > 11
n n®¥ r=0 1+ (r / n)
(c) I3 > I4 (d) I3 = I4
5
dx 5
Ans. (a)
=ò = éëln 1 + x ûù 0 = ln 6 - ln 1 = ln 6
0
1+ x Sol. For 0 < x < 1,
Example – 24 x 2 > x3
2 3
1 1 1 1 \ 2x > 2x
If Sn = + + + ... + , then find
1+ n 2 + 2n 3 + 3n n + n2 1 2 1 3
\ ò 2 x dx > ò 2 x dx
0 0
lim Sn .
n®¥
\ I1 > I 2
(a) log 2 (b) 2 log 2
3 2
(c) 3 log 2 (d) 4 log 2 and for 1 < x < 2, x 3 > x 2 \ 2 x > 2 x
Ans. (b)
2 3
i.e. ò 2 x < ò 2 x Þ I3 < I 4
1 1 1 1
Sol. Sn = + + + ... +
1+ n 2 + 2n 3 + 3n n + n2

Example – 26 Put n = 10,
p/4 P10 = e - 10e + 90 P8

In = ò tann x dx, then nlim
®¥
n [In + In–2] equals
0
Þ P10 - 90 P8 = -9e
(a) 1/2 (b) 1
Example – 28
(c) ¥ (d) 0
Ans. (b) Find the area bounded by the curve
p /4 y = x2 – 5x + 6, X–axis and the lines x = 1 and 4.
Sol. In = ò tan n xdx
0
Sol. For y = 0, we get x2 – 5x + 6 = 0
p /4 Þ x = 2, 3
In-2 = ò tan n - 2 xdx
0 Hence the curve crosses X–axis at x = 2, 3 in the interval
[1, 4].
p /4 p /4
\ In +In-2 = ò tan n xdx + ò tan n - 2 xdx
0 0 2 3 4
p /4 n-2 2
p /4 n- 2
Bounded Area = ò y dx +
1
ò y dx +
2
ò y dx
3
=ò tan x ´ sec x - 1 dx + ò tan xdx
0 0
p /4 1
=ò tan n - 2 x sec2 xdx = ò t n – 2 dt
0 0
1
\ I n + In–2 =
n –1
1
\ n I n + In - 2 =
1
1–
n
\ Lt n I n + I n - 2 = 1
n ®¥
Example – 27
2 3
Þ A= ò (x2 - 5x + 6) dx + ò (x2 - 5x + 6) dx
e 1 2
n
If for n > 1, Pn = ò log x dx, then P - 90P is equal to:
10 8
1
4
(a) - 9 (b) 10e + ò (x2 - 5x + 6) dx
(c) -9e (d) 10 3
Ans. (c)
é 23 -13 ù æ 22 -12 ö 5
e A1 = ê ú -5 ç ÷ + 6 (2 -1) =
Sol.
Pn = ò (log x) n × 1 × dx
1 1
424 3 II ë 3 û è 2 ø 6
I
33 - 23 æ 32 - 22 ö 1
n e e n -1 A2 = -5 ç ÷ + 6 (3 - 2) = -
= x(log x) - ò n(log x) × 1 × dx 3 è 2 ø 6
1 1 1424 3 II
I
e e 43 - 33 æ 42 - 32 ö 5
= e - n é x(log x) n -1 - ò (n - 1)(log x)n - 2 dx ù A3 = -5ç ÷ + 6 (4 - 3) =
ëê 1 1 ûú 3 è 2 ø 6
Pn = e - n e - (n - 1) Pn - 2
5 1 5 11
Þ A= + - + = sq. units.
6 6 6 6

Example – 29
The parabolas y2 = 4x and x2 = 4y divide the square region

bounded by the lines x = 4, y = 4 and the coordinate axes.
If S1, S2, S3 are respectively the areas of these parts
numbered from top to bottom; then S1 : S2 : S3 is
(a) 1 : 2 : 3 (b) 1 : 2 : 1
(c) 1 : 1 : 1 (d) 2 : 1 : 2
Ans. (c)
Sol. Total area  4  4  16 sq.units

Example – 31
2
4 x 16
Area of S3  0 dx   S1 Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by:
4 3
(–1, 1), (0, 5) and (3, 2).
16 16 Sol. Let A (–1, 1), B (0, 5) and C (3, 2) be the vertices of the
 S 2  16  2  . triangle as shown in the following figure :
3 3
 S1 : S2 : S3 is 1:1:1
y
(4, 4)
(0, 4)
S1
S2
S3
x
(4, 0)
Example – 30 Equation of AB is :
Find the area bounded by the circle x2 + y2 = a2. 5 1

y 1  (x  1)
0  (1)
Sol. x2 + y2 = a2 y = ± a2  x2
 y 2  y1 
Equation of semicircle above X–axis is y = + a2  x2  Using y-y1  (x  x1 ) 
 x 2  x1 
Area of circle = 4 (shaded area)
 y – 1 = 4 (x + 1)
a
 y = 4x + 5 ... (1)
4  a 2  x 2 dx
0
Equation of BC is :
25
a y 5  (x  0)
x a2 x 30
 4 a 2  x 2  sin 1 
2 2 a 0
 3y – 15 = – 3x
 3y = 15 – 3x
a2    2
4    a  y=5–x ... (2)
2 2
Equation of AC is :

2 -1
y -1 = (x + 1)
3 - ( -1)
1
Þ y -1 = (x + 1)
4
Þ 4y – 4 = x + 1
Þ 4y = x + 5
x 5
Þ y= + ... (3) \ A is (2, 0) and B is (0, 6).
4 4
\ The equation of chord AB is :
Now ar (DABC) = ar (ALOB) + ar (OMCB) –ar (ALMC)
6-0
0 3 3 y-0 = (x - 2)
æ1 5ö 0-2
= ò (4x + 5) dx + ò (5 - x) dx - ò ç x + ÷ dx
-1 0 -1 è
4 4ø
Þ y = –3x + 6.
0 3 3
\ Reqd. area (shown shaded)
é 4x 2 ù é x2 ù é x2 5 ù
=ê + 5x ú + ê5x - ú - ê + x ú 2 2
ë 2 û -1 ë 2 û 0 ë 8 4 û -1
= ò 3 4 - x 2 dx - ò (6 - 3x) dx
0 0
2 3 2 3
0 é x ù éx 5 ù
= éë 2x 2 + 5x ùû + ê5x - ú - ê + x ú 2 2
-1
ë 2 û 0 ë 8 4 û -1 é x 4 - x 2 4 -1 x ù é 3x 2 ù
=3ê + sin ú - ê 6x - ú
êë 2 2 2 úû ë 2 û0
0
éæ 9ö ù
= (0 + 0) - (2 - 5) + êç15 - ÷ - (0 - 0) ú
ë è 2 ø û é2 ù é 3(4) ù
= 3 ê (0) + 2sin -1 (1) ú - ê6(2) -
ë2 û ë 2 úû
éæ 9 15 ö æ 1 5 ö ù
- êç + ÷ - ç - ÷ ú
ëè 8 4 ø è 8 4 ø û é pù
= 3 ê 2 ´ ú - [12 - 6]
ë 2û
21 æ 9 + 30 - 1 + 10 ö 21 48
= 3+ -ç ÷ = 3+ - = (3p – 6) sq. units.
2 è 8 ø 2 8
Example – 33
21 21 15
= 3+ -6 = -3 = = 7.5 sq. units .
2 2 2 Find the area bounded by the curves y = x2 and x2 + y2 = 2
above X–axis.
Example – 32
Sol. Let us first find the points of intersection of curves.
AOBA is the part of the ellipse 9x2 + y2 = 36 in the first Solving y = x2 and x2 + y2 = 2 simultaneously, we get :
quadrant such that OA = 2 and OB = 6. Find the area x2 + x4 = 2
between the arc AB and the chord AB.
Þ (x2 – 1) (x2 + 2) = 0
Sol. The given equation of the ellipse can be written as
Þ x2 = 1 and x2 = – 2 [reject]
x 2 y2 x 2 y2 Þ x=±1
+ = 1 i.e. 2 + 2 = 1
4 36 2 6 Þ A = (–1, 1) and B = (1, 1)
+1
Shaded Area =
ò æçè
-1
2 - x 2 - x 2 ö÷ dx
ø

+1 +1
= ò 2 - x 2 dx - ò x 2 dx
-1 -1
1 1
=2 ò 2 - x 2 dx - 2 x 2 dx
ò
0 0
1
éx 2 x ù æ1ö
=2ê 2 - x 2 + sin -1 ú -2 ç ÷
ë2 2 2 û0 è 3ø
æ1 pö 2 1 p Hence the line (2) intersects parabola (1) in the points

= 2 ç + ÷ - = + sq. units.
è2 4ø 3 3 2 A (–2, 3) and B (4, 12).
\ Reqd. area = area ALMB – (area ALO + area OMB)
4
3x + 12 æ03 4
3 ö
=ò dx - çç ò x 2 dx + ò x 2 dx ÷÷
-2
2 è -2 4 0
4 ø
é 3x + 12 ù
êQ From (2), y = 2 ú
ë û
4
1 é 3x 2 ù é 3 ì x 3 ü0 3 ì x 3 ü4 ù
= ê + 12x ú - ê í ý + í ý ú
2ë 2 û -2 êë 4 î 3 þ-2 4 î 3 þ0 úû
Example – 34
Find the area of the region included between : 1 é3 8 3 64 ù

= [(24 + 48) – (6 – 24)] - ê æç 0 + ö÷ + æç - 0 ö÷ ú
2 4
ë è 3 ø 4 è 3 øû
3 2
The parabola y = x and the line 3x – 2y + 12 = 0
4
1
Sol. The given parabola is 4y = 3x2. = [72 + 18] – [2 + 16] = 45 – 18
2
3 2 = 27 sq. units.
i.e. y= x ... (1)
4
Example – 35
and the given line is 3x – 2y + 12 = 0 ... (2)
Using integration, find the area of the region :
Putting the value of y from (1) in (2), we get :
æ3 ö 3 {(x, y) : |x – 1| £ y £ 5 - x2 }
3x - 2 ç x 2 ÷ + 12 = 0 Þ 3x - x 2 + 12 = 0
è4 ø 2 Sol. The given curves are :
Þ 6x – 3x2 + 24 = 0 x2 + y2 = 5
Þ x2 – 2x – 8 = 0 [Q y = 5 - x 2 Þ y2 = 5 – x2 Þ x2 + y2 = 5]
Þ (x – 4) (x + 2) = 0
Þ x = 4, – 2. ì1 - x, if x < 1
and y=í
î x - 1, if x ³ 1
3 3
Putting in (1), y = (4)2 = 12 and y = (–2)2 = 3. The reqd. region is shown as shaded in the following
4 4
figure :

éæ 1 ö æ 1 öù é æ 1 öù
- êç 1 - ÷ - ç -1 - ÷ ú - ê(2 - 2) - ç - 1÷ ú
ëè 2 ø è 2 øû ë è 2 øû
5 2 5 æ 1 ö 1
= 1 + sin -1 + 1 - sin -1 ç - ÷-2-
2 5 2 è 5ø 2
1 5 é -1 2 æ 1 öù
=- + êsin + sin -1 ç ÷ú
2 2 ë 5 è 5 øû
y = x – 1 meets x2 + y2 = 5 at B (2, 1)
y = 1 – x meets x2 + y2 = 5 at C (–1, 2)
1 5 p 5p 1
y = x – 1 and y = 1 – x meet at A (1, 0). =- + ´ = - sq. units
2 2 2 4 2
\ Reqd. area = ar. (MCBLM) – ar (CMAC) – ar (ALBA)
2 1 2
= ò 5 - x 2 dx - ò (1 - x) dx - ò (x - 1) dx
-1 -1 1
2 1 2
é x 5 - x 2 5 -1 x ù é x2 ù é x2 ù
=ê + sin ú - êx - ú - ê - xú
ëê 2 2 5 úû ë 2 û -1 ë 2 û1
-1
éæ 5 2 ö æ 1 5 -1 æ 1 ö ù
= êç 1 + sin -1 ÷ - ç - ´ 2 + sin ç - ÷ú
ëêè 2 5ø è 2 2 è 5 ø úû


Definite Integration p /2
5 æ xö
6. ò cos
0
ç ÷ . sin x dx is equal to
è2ø
Definite integration by methods of indefinite integration
2æ 1 ö -4 æ 1 ö
d æ e sin x ö 3 sin x3
(a) ç1 - ÷ (b) ç1 - ÷
F( x ) = çç ÷, x > 0. If
4 7è 8 2ø 7 è 8 2ø
1. Let ÷ ò e dx =
dx è x ø 1 x
4æ 1 ö
F (k) – F(1), then one of the possible values of k is (c) ç1 - ÷ (d) None of these
7è 8 2ø
(a) 16 (b) 63 1/ 2
p
(c) 64 (d) 15 7. For 0 < x < , ò cot x d cos x equals to
2 1/ 2
x dt
p
2. The solution for x of the equation ò is =
2
t t -1 12
2
3- 2 2- 3
(a) (b)
2 2
3 1- 3
(a) (b) 2 2 (c) (d) none
2 2
(c) 2 (d) p p /4
x.sin x
8. ò dx equal to
p /2 0 cos3 x
dq
3. If ò = kp , then the value of k is :
0 9 sin q + 4 cos 2q
2
p 1 p 1
(a) + (b) -
4 2 4 2
1 1
(a) (b)
16 12 p
(c) (d) none
4
1 1
(c) (d) 1
8 3 n
9. The value of the integral I = ò x 1 - x dx is:
0
¥
dx
4. The value of ò0 1+ x
3 is:
1 1 1
(a) (b) -
n+2 n +1 n + 2
1 1
(a) (b)
3 2 1 1 1
(c) + (d)
n +1 n + 2 n +1
(c) 0 (d) ¥
a/2 -p / 2
a dx 10. ò [( x + p) 3 + cos 2 ( x + 3p)] dx is equal to
5. ò equals to -3p / 2
0
( x - a ) ( x - 2a )
p4 p4 p
2 3 (a) (b) +
(a) ln (b) ln 32 32 2
3 2
(c) ln 6 (d) none p p
(c) (d) -1
2 2

Properties of Definite Integrals p

x
1 0 a cos x + b 2 sin 2 x
2 2
2
The integral ln(1 + 2 x)
11.
ò0 dx, equals:
1 + 4 x2 p2 p2
(a) (b)
ab 2ab
p p
(a) ln 2 (b) ln 2 p2
4 8 (c) (d) none of these
4ab
p p
(c) ln 2 (d) ln 2 1
1 + sin x
16 32 17. The value of dx is :
ò
-1 1+ x2
p
12. òx f sin x dx is equal to :
p p
0 (a) (b) -
4 4
p p
(a) p ò x f cos x dx (b) p ò f sin x dx p p
(c) (d) -
0 0 2 2
p p 18. Let f ( x) = x - [ x] , for every real number x , where [ x] is

p
f sin x dx (d) p f cos x dx
2 ò0 ò
(c)
1
0
the integral part of x . Then òf
-1
x dx is:
p
13. The value of the integral òx sin 4 x cos 4 x dx is (a) 1 (b) 2
0
1
3p 2 3p 2 (c) 0 (d)
2
(a) (b)
64 128
100p
3p 2 19. ò 1 - cos 2x dx is equal to

(c) (d) none of these 0
256
log 3 (a) 100 2 (b) 50 2

2
14. The value of the integral ò log x + 1 + x dx is
log 1/3 (c) 200 2 (d) 400 2
10p
(a) log 3 (b) 2 log 3
20. ò sin x dx is equal to
(c) 0 (d) None p
15. If [ ] denotes the greatest integer function, then the integral (a) 18 (b) 20
p
ò0 cos x dx is equal to: (c) 40 (d) None
10
p 21. x- x
. denotes GIF) is equal to
(a)
2
(b) 0 òe
0
dx
p e -1
(c) -1 (d) - (a) 10(e - 1) (b)
2 10
e10 -1 e10 -1
(c) (d)
10 e -1

2 3
[ x 2 ] dx where [ . ] is GIF is : æ -1 x x2 +1 ö
22. ò 0 28. ò ç tan 2
+ tan -1 ÷ dx equals to
-1 è x +1 x ø
(a) 2 - 2 (b) 2 + 2 (a) 2p (b) p

(c) 4p (d) none
(c) 2 -1 (d) 2 -2
p 2x(1 + sin x)
29. ò dx is
p
x x -p 1 + cos 2 x
23. The integral ò 1 + 4 sin 2 - 4 sin dx equals :
0
2 2 (a) p2/4 (b) p2
(c) 5/4 (d) –3/4
p
(a) 4 3 - 4 - (b) p–4
3 x et
30. Let function F be defined as F(x) = ò1 dt, x > 0 then the
t
2p
(c) -4-4 3 (d) 4 3 - 4
3 x et
value of the integral ò1 dt, where a > 0, is:
3
t+a
24. If f ( x) = x + x - 1 + x - 2 , x Î R then ò f ( x) dx
0
(a) ea[F(x) - F(1 + a)] (b) e-a[F(x + a) - F(a)]
(c) ea[F(x + a) - F(1 + a)] (d) e-a[F(x + a) - F(1 + a)]
equals to
Differentiation of Definite Integrals: Newton leibniz Theorem
(a) 9 / 2 (b) 15 / 2
(c) 19 / 2 (d) none x
31. If f x = ò t sin t dt , then f ' x is

25. Let y = {x}[ x] where {x} denotes the fractional part of 0
3 (a) cos x + x sin x (b) x cos x + sin x

x & x denotes greatest integer £ x then ò y dx =
0
(c) x cos x (d) x sin x
x3
(a) 5 / 6 (b) 2 / 3 dt
32. If f x = ò , then f " x is equal to
(c) 1 (d) 11 / 6 1 1+ t4
p
6 x 1 - 5 x12 6 x 1 + 5 x12
26. ò 1 + 2 cos x dx equals to (a) 2
(b) 2
0 1 + x12 1 + x12
2p
(a) (b) p 6 x 1 - 5 x12
3 (c) - (d) none of these
2
1 + x12
p
(c) 2 (d) +2 3
3 33. If the variables x and y are connected by the relation
a y
[x] f ´ (x) dx, a > 1, where [x] denotes the dz 2
27. The value of ò 1 x=ò , then d y is proportional to
3
1 1 + 6z dx 2
greatest integer not exceeding x, is
(a) a f (a) –{ f (1) + f (2) + ... + f ([a])} (a) y (b) y 2
(b) [a] f (a) – { f (1) + f (2) + ... + f ([a])}
(c) y 3 (d) none of these
(c) [a] f ([a]) – { f (1) + f (2) + ... + f (a)}
(d) af ([a]) – { f (1) + f (2) + ... + f (a)}

39. The value of the

x2
1
34. lim 3 ò sin t dt is equal to
x ® 0+ x é ù
0
1 1 1 1
lim ê + + + ....... + ú
n ®¥ ê
n 2 2
n -1 2
n -2 2 2 2 ú is
ë n - n -1 û
1 2
(a) (b)
3 3
p p
(a) (b)
1 2 4 3
(c) - (d) -
3 3
p
(c) (d) none of these
2
x2
ò sec 2 t dt
0
35. The value of lim is é1 1 1 1 ù
x ®0 x sin x 40. If S n = ê + + + ... + ú
ë 2n
2 2 2
4n - 1 4n - 4 3n + 2n - 1 û
(a) 2 (b) 1
(c) 0 (d) 3 then lim S n is equal to
n ®¥
36. Let f : R ® R be a continuous function. Then

p p
sec 2 x
(a) (b)
p 4 6
ò f x dx
4 2
lim is equal to p p
x ®p / 4 p2 (c) (d)
x2 - 3 2
16
n r
(a) 4f 2 (b) f 2 1
41. lim å e n is :
r =1 n
n ®¥
(c) 2f 2 (d) 2f 2
(a) e (b) e - 1
Summation of series using integration (c) 1 - e (d) e + 1
Bounds of definite integrals

é1 1 2 4 1 ù
37. lim sec 2 2 + 2 sec 2 2 + ... + sec 2 1ú equals
n ®¥ ê n 2 n n n n
ë û 1 sin x 1 cos x
42. Let I = ò dx and J = ò dx. Then which one
0 0
x x
1 1
(a) cos ec 1 (b) sec 1 of the following is true ?
2 2
2
1 (a) I > and J < 2 (b) I > 2 and J > 2
(c) tan 1 (d) tan 1 3 3
2
2 2
é1 n2 n2 1ù (c) I < and J < 2 (d) I < and J > 2
38. lim ê + 3
+ 3
+ ..... + ú is equal to 3 3
n ®¥ n 8n úû
êë n +1 n+2
2 2
43. I1 = ò e x dx and I 2 = ò log e x dx. Then
1 1
3 1
(a) (b)
8 4 (a) I1 > I 2 (b) I1 <I 2
1
(c) (d) none of these (c) I1 =I 2 (d) None of these
8

2 ex p
sin (2k x )
44. I =ò dx. Then 50. The value of the integral ò dx, when k Î I , is
1 x 0 sin x
e2 p
(a) I < e (b) I > (a) (b) p
2 2
e2 (c) 0 (d) none of these

(c) e < I < (d) None of these
2 Numerical Value Type Questions
p /4 p /4
45. I1 = ò tan 3 x dx and I 2 = ò tan 5 x dx p
0 0
é 2 æ 3p x ö æ 11p x ö ù
ò êëcos ç - ÷ - cos 2 ç + ÷ ú dx equals
p /4 p /4
51.
è 8 4ø è 8 4 øû k .
0
I3 = ò tan1/ 2 x dx I 4 = ò tan1/3 x dx then
0 0
Then the value of k is.
(a) I1 < I 2 (b) I1 > I3
p /4
tan x
52. ò dx equals to
(c) I3 > I 4 (d) I1 > I 2 0
sin x cos x
2 2
46. ò 1+ 2- x dx = (p / 2)1/ 3
0
53. ò 3x5 .sin x3dx equals to
0
17
(a) 4 (b)
2
1 1
(c) 2 (d) None of these 54. If ò cot -1 1 - x + x 2 dx = K . ò tan -1 x dx , then K equals to

0 0
Reduction formula
p /2
dx p
p /4 55. If the value of ò 1+ tan 3
is . Then the value of k is
47. If I n = n
tan q dq , where n is a positive integer, then x k
ò
0
0
6
n I n -1 + I n +1 is equal to x
56. The value of the integral, 2 ò dx is :
3 9- x + x
(a) 1 (b) n - 1
1 57. If f x and f x are continuous functions on the
(c) (d) none of these
n -1
interval 0, 4 satisfying
p /2
n
48. If an = ò cot xdx, then a 2 + a 4 , a 3 + a 5 , a 4 + a 6 are in f (x) = f (4 - x), f (x) + f (4 - x) = 3
p /4
4
(a) G.P. (b) A.P. 4
(c) H.P. (d) None and òf

0
x dx = 2, then
òf x f x dx =
0
p /4
49. Let I n = ò tan n x dx, p /4
x 7 - 3x 5 + 7 x 3 - x + 1
0
58. If f ( x) = then, ò f ( x ) dx equals
cos 2 x -p / 4
1 1 1
then , , , .... are in to
I 2 + I 4 I3 + I5 I4 + I6
100
(a) A.P. (b) G.P. x - x dx is equal to
59. ò
(c) H.P. (d) none 0

1.5 66. The area of the region bounded by the curve y = 1 - cos x
60. ò x [ x 2 ] dx = 3/k , where denotes greatest integer
between x = 0 and x = p is :
0
function. Then the value of k is. 2

(a) (b) 2 2
2
n +1
Suppose for every integer n, f ( x ) dx = n 2 . The value (c) 2 (d) 2
61. ò
n
67. The area of the region bounded by the curve y = x sin x
4 between x = 0 and x = 2 p is :
of ò f ( x) dx is
-2
(a) p (b) 2p
(c) 3p (d) 4p
-4 -4
68. Area of the region bounded by the curve y 2 = 4 x, y -
62. If ò f ( x) dx = 4 and ò (3 - f ( x)) dx = 7 then the value
-1 2 axis and the line y = 3 is :
1
9
of ò f (- x) dx is (a) 2 (b)
4
-2
9 9
(c) (d)
x 2 3 2
2
ò tan -1 t dt 69. The area enclosed between the curve y = loge (x + e) and
0
63. lim x 4 is equal to 1/ k . Then the value of k the coordinate axes is
x ®0
ò sin t dt (a) 2 (b) 1

0
(c) 4 (d) 3
70. The area bounded by the curves y = ln x, y = ln |x|,
is.
y = |ln x| and y = |ln| x || is
Area Under Curves (a) 4 sq. units (b) 6 sq. units
(c) 10 sq. units (d) none of these
Plotting region and Area under curves 71. The area of the region bounded by the curves y = |x–1| and
y = 3 – |x| is
(a) 3 sq. units (b) 4 sq. units
64. Area bounded by the curve y = x 3 , the x - axis and the
(c) 6 sq. units (d) 2 sq. units
ordinates x = -2 and x = 1 is :
72. The area enclosed between the curves y2 = x and y = |x| is
15 1 1
(a) -9 (b) - (a) (b)
4 6 3
15 17 2
(c) (d) (c) (d)
4 4 3
65. The area of the region bounded by the curve y

73. The area bounded between the parabolas x2 = and
2
y = x - x , x - axis between x = 0 and x = 1 is : 4
x2 = 9y and the straight line y = 2 is.
1 1 10 2
(a) (b) (a) 20 2 (b)
6 3 3
1 5 20 2
(c) (d) (c) (d) 10 2
2 6 3

74. The area (in square units) bounded by the curves

81. Smaller area enclosed by the circle x 2 + y 2 = 4 and the
y = x, 2y - x + 3 = 0, x-axis and lying in the first line x + y = 2 is :
quadrant is
(a) 2(p - 2) (b) p - 2
(a) 9 (b) 6
27 (c) 2p - 1 (d) 2(p + 2)

(c) 18 (d)
4
75. The area of the region described by
A = {(x, y) : x2 + y2 £ 1 and y2 £ 1 – x} is 82. The area between the curves y = tan x, y = cot x and
p 2 p 4 x - axis in the interval 0, p / 2 is log k . Then the value

(a) + (b) +
2 3 2 3 of k is.
p 4 p 2 83. If 0 £ x £ p ; then the area bounded by the curve y = x

(c) - (d) -
2 3 2 3 and y = x + sin x is –
76. Let A = {(x, y) : y2 < 4x, y - 2x > - 4}. The area (in square 84. The area bounded by the curves : y2 = 4a(x + a) and
units) of the region A is
k
(a) 8 (b) 9 y2 = 4b (b – x) is (a + b) 4 ab . Then the value of k is.
3
(c) 10 (d) 11
85. If the area of the region {(x, y) : x2 £ y £ |x|} is 1/k sq. units,
77. The area of the circle x 2 + y 2 = 16 exterior to the parabola
then the value of k is
y 2 = 6 x is :
86. If the line y = mx bisects the area enclosed by the lines
4 4 3
(a) 4p - 3 (b) 4p + 3 x = 0, y = 0, x = and the curve y = 1 + 4x – x2, and the
3 3 2
value of m is equal to 13/k. then the value of k is
4 4
(c) 8p - 3 (d) 8p + 3
3 3 87. If the area enclosed between the parabolas y2 = 4ax and
78. The area between the curves y = cos x and the line 16
x2 = 4by is , then value of ab is
y = x + 1 in the second quadrant is – 3
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 / 2 (d) 1/ 2 x2 y2
88. AOB is the positive quadrant of ellipse + = 1;
a2 b2
79. The area bounded by the curves y = sin x, y = cos x and
where OA = a, OB = b. Area between arc AB and chord AB
y - axis in first quadrant is –
p–p
(a) (b) of ellipse is ab , then p + q equals
2 -1 2 q
(c) 2 +1 (d) None of these
89. If the area bounded by the parabola x2 = 4y, the x-axis and
2
80. The area bounded by y = x – 4 and x + y = 2 is the line x = 4 is divided into two equal areas by the line
x = a, and the value of a is (32)1/k, then the value of k is
75 100
(a) (b) 90. The value of m for which the area included between the
6 6
a2
125 150 curves y2 = 4ax and y = mx equals is
(c) (d) 3
6 6


Definite Integration 5. For x Î R, x ¹ 0, if y(x) is a differentiable function such
x x
1. The integral that x ò y(t) dt = (x + 1) ò t y (t) dt, then y(x) equals :
1 1
4
log x 2 (where C is a constant.) (2016/Online Set–2)
ò log x 2 + log(36 - 12x + x 2 ) dx is equal to: (2015)
1 1
2 C -x C -
x
(a) e (b) e
x x2
(a) 1 (b) 6
1 1
(c) 2 (d) 4 C -
(c) 3
e x (d) Cx 3 e x
x
p cos 2 x 3p
2. The value of ò-p x
dx, a > 0 is 4
1+ a dx
6. The integral ò 1 + cos x
p
is equal to: (2017)
(2015/Online Set–2) 4
(a) p (b) a p (a) – 2 (b) 2
(c) p /2 (d) 2 p (c) 4 (d) –1

p
1 1 4
3. If 2 ò tan -1
x dx = ò cot -1
1- x + x 2
d x, 8cos 2x
0 0 7. The integral ò 3
dx equals :
p tan x + cot x
12
1 -1
then ò0 tan 1 - x + x 2 dx is equal to : (2017/Online Set–1)
15 15
(2016/Online Set–1) (a) (b)
128 64
p 13 13
(a) log 4 (b) + log 2 (c) (d)
2 32 256
2 dx k
p 8. If ò1 3
= , then k is equal to:
(c) log 2 (d) - log 4 k +5
2 (x 2 - 2x + 4) 2
4. The value of the integral (2017/Online Set–2)

(a) 1 (b) 2
10 2
[x ] dx (c) 3 (d) 4
ò [x 2 - 28x + 196] + [x 2 ] , where [x] denotes the greatest p
4
The value of 2 sin 2 x
9.
ò dx is: (2018)
integer less than or equal to x, is : p 1+ 2
x
-
2
(a) 6 (b) 3 p p
(a) (b)
4 8
1
(c) 7 (d) p
3 (c) (d) 4p
2

10. The value of the integral
2 - x cos x
14. If f x = and g x = loge x, x > 0 then the
2 + x cos x
π
2
4 æ æ 2 + sin x ö ö p
ò sin x ç1 + log ç
è
÷ ÷ dx is
è 2 - sin x ø ø
4
–
π
2
value of the integral òp g f x dx is:
-
4
(2018/Online Set–1) (8-04-2019/Shift-1)

3 (a) log e 3 (b) log e e
(a) 0 (b)
4
(c) log e 2 (d) log e 1
3 3 x
(c) p (d) p
8 16 15. Let f x = ò g t dt , where g is a non-zero even function.
0
3p x
4
x If f x + 5 = g x , then òf t dt equals :
11. The value of integral ò 1+ sin x dx is : 0
p
(8-04-2019/Shift-2)
4
5 x +5
(2018/Online Set–2) (a) ò g t dt (b) ò g t dt
x+5 5
(a) p 2 (b) p 2 -1
x+5 x+5
(c) 2 ò g t dt (d) 5 ò g t dt
p 5 5
(c) 2 +1 (d) 2p 2 -1
2 1
-1
16. The value of the integral ò x cot 1 - x 2 + x 4 dx is :
1 1 0
2
12. If I1 = ò e –x cos2 x dx, I 2 = ò e –x cos 2 x dx and
(9-04-2019/Shift-2)
0 0
p 1 p
(a) - log e 2 (b) - log e 2
1 2 2 4
3
I3 = ò e –x dx ; then: (2018/Online Set–2)
0 p p 1
(c) - log e 2 (d) - log e 2
2 4 2
(a) I 2 > I3 > I1 (b) I2 > I1 > I3
17. If f : R ® R is a differentiable function and
(c) I3 > I2 > I1 (d) I3 > I1 > I 2
f x
2t dt
x f 2 = 6, then lim ò is : (9-04-2019/Shift-2)
13. If f x = ò t sin x -sin t dt then:
x ®2
6
x-2
0
(2018/Online Set–3) (a) 24 f ' 2 (b) 2 f ' 2
(a) f ¢¢¢ x + f ¢¢ x = sin x (c) 0 (d) 12 f ' 2
2p
(b) f ¢¢¢ x + f ¢¢ x - f ¢ x = cos x
18. The value of ò ëésin 2 x 1 + cos 3x ûùdx , where [ ] denotes
0
(c) f ¢¢¢ x + f ¢ x = cos x - 2x sinx
the greatest integer function, is: (10-04-2019/Shift-1)
(a) p (b) -p
(d) f ¢¢¢ x - f ¢¢ x = cos x - 2x sinx
(c) -2p (d) 2p

æ n + 1 1/ 3 n+2
1/3
2n ö
1/ 3 p
24. The value of | cos x |3 dx is: (9-01-2019/Shift-1)
19. lim ç
n ®¥ ç n 4/3
+
n 4 /3
+ .... + 4/ 3 ÷ is equal to:
n ÷ ò 0
è ø
(10-04-2019/Shift-1) 4
(a) 0 (b)
3 4/3 3 4 4 /3
3
(a) 2 - (b) 2
4 4 3
2 -4
(c) (d)
3 4/3 4 4 3/4 3 3
(c) 2 - (d) 2
2 3 3
p /3
tan q 1
p 2 4 25. If ò dq = 1 - , k > 0 then the value of k
3 3 3 0 2k sec q 2
20. The integral òp sec x cosec x dx is equal to:
6
is: (9-01-2019/Shift-2)
(10-4-2019/Shift-2)
1
5 2 4 1
(a) 4 (b)
2
(a) 3 - 3 6 3 (b) 3 - 3
3 3
(c) 1 (d) 2
7 5 5 1
(c) 3 - 3 6 6 3
(d) 3 - 3 3 b
26. Let I = ò x 4 - 2 x 2 dx . If I is minimum then the ordered
a
p
cot x pair (a, b) is: (10-1-2019/Shift-1)
21. If ò02 cot x + cosecx dx = m(p + n) , then m. n is equal to
(a) 0, 2 (b) - 2, 0
(12-04-2019/Shift-1)
1 (c) 2, - 2 (d) - 2, 2
(a) - (b) 1
2
x 1
1 27. If ò f t dt = x 2 + ò t 2 f t dt , then f ¢ 1/ 2 is:
(c) (d) –1
2 0 x
22. Let f : R ® R be a continuously differentiable function (10-01-2019/Shift-2)
1 24 18
such that f (2) = 6 and f ¢ 2 = . (a) (b)
48 25 25
f x
If ò 4t 3dt = x - 2 g x , then lim g x is equal to 4 6
6 x®2 (c) (d)
5 25
(12-04-2019/Shift-1)
p /2
23. A value of a such that dx
28. The value of
- /2
ò
p x + sin x + 4
, where [t] denotes the
a +1
dx æ9ö
ò = log e ç ÷ is _____.
a x +a x +a +1 è8ø greatest integer less than or equal to t, is:
(10-01-2019/Shift-2)
(12-04-2019/Shift-2)
1 1
1 (a) (7p + 5) (b) (7p - 5)
(a) – 2 (b) 12 12
2
3 3
1 (c) (4p - 3) (d) (4p - 3)
(c) - (d) 2 20 10
2

2
sin 2 x 2
29. The value of the integral ò éxù dx (where [x]
-2
1
êë p úû + 2
34. The integral
ò || x - 1| - x | dx is equal to :
0
denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x) is :
(2-9-2020/Shift-1)
(11-01-2019/Shift-1)
35. Let [t] denote the greatest integer less than or equal to t.
(a) 0 (b) sin 4
2
(c) 4 (d) 4 –sin 4 Then the value of ò | 2 x - [3 x ] | dx is …………… .
1
p /4 dx (2-09-2020/Shift-2)
30. The integral òp equals :
/6
sin 2 x tan 5 x + cot 5 x
p
(11-01-2019/Shift-2)
36. ò p | p - | x || dx is equal to :
-
(3-09-2020/Shift-1)
1 æ 1 ö 1 æp -1 æ 1 ö ö
(a) tan -1 ç ÷ (b) 10 ç 4 - tan ç ÷÷ 2 p2
20 è9 3ø è è 9 3 øø (a) p (b)
2
π 1æp -1 æ 1 ö ö
(c) (d) 5 ç 4 - tan ç ÷÷ (c) 2p 2 (d) 2p 2
40 è è 3 3 øø
31. Let f and g be continuous functions on [0, a] such that 1/ 2 x2 k
37. If the value of the integral ò0 2 3/2
dx is , then
f x = f a - x and g x + g a - x = 4 then (1 - x ) 6
a k is equal to : (03-09-2020/Shift-2)
ò f x g x dx is equal to (12-01-2019/Shift-1)
0 (a) 2 3 + p (b) 3 2 + p
a a
(a) 4 ò 0 f ( x)dx (b) ò 0
f ( x)dx (c) 3 2 - p (d) 2 3 - p
a a
(c) 2 ò 0 f ( x) dx (d) -3ò 0 f ( x )dx x
38. Let f ( x ) =
ò (1 + x)2 dx( x ³ 0) Then f (3) – f (1) is equal
ìïæ x ö2 x æ e ö x üï
e
32. The integral ò íç ÷ - ç ÷ ý loge x dx is equal to to : (04-09-2020/Shift-1)

1ï îè e ø è x ø ïþ
(12-01-2019/Shift-2) π 1 3 π 1 3
(a) - + + (b) + -
6 2 4 6 2 4
1 1 1 1 1
(a) -e- 2 (b) - + - 2
2 e 2 e 2e
π 1 3 π 1 3
(c) - + + (d) + -
3 1 1 3 1 12 2 4 12 2 4
(c) - - (d) -e- 2
2 e 2e 2 2 2e
39. Let f (x) = |x – 2| and g (x) = f (f (x)), x Î [0, 4]. Then
æ n n n 1 ö
33. lim ç + 2 + 2 2 + ... + ÷ is equal to 3
n ®¥ n 2 + 12 2
è n +2 n +3 5n ø ò0 (g(x) – f(x)) dx is equal to : (4-09-2020/Shift-1)
(12-01-2019/Shift-2)
1
p -1
(a) (b) 0
(a) (b) tan 3 2
4
p 3
(c) (d) tan -1 2 (c) 1 (d)
2 2

40. Let f be a twice differentiable function on (1, 6). If 2
f (2) = 8, f' (2) = 5, f' ( x) ³ 1 and f ''(x) ³ 4 for all 45. The integral ò e x .x x 2 + log e x dx equal :
1
x Î (1, 6) x Î (1, 6) then : (04-09-2020/Shift-1)
(6-09-2020/Shift-2)
(a) f (5) + f' (5) ³ 28 (b) f '(5) + f ''(5) £ 20 (a) e(4e – 1) (b) e(4e + 1)
2
(c) 4e – 1 (d) e(2e – 1)
(c) f (5) £ 10 (d) f (5) + f' (5) £ 26
46. If f(a+b+1–x) = f(x) "x where a and b are fixed positive
41. The integral
1 b
real numbers, then òa x(f (x) + f x + 1 dx is
p /3 a+b
3
ò tan x.sin 2 3 x (2 sec2 x.sin 2 3 x + 3 tan x.sin 6 x) dx equal to (7-01-2020/Shift-1)
p /6
b -a b +1
is equal to: (4-9-2020/Shift-2) (a) f x dx (b)
ò òf x + 1 dx
a -1 a +1
9 1
(a) (b) -
2 18 b -1 b +1
(c) ò f x + 1 dx (d) òf x dx
1 7 a -1 a +1
(c) - (d)
9 18 2
47. The value of a for which 4a ò e -a x dx = 5 , is:
-1
42. Let {x} and [x] denote the fractional part of x and the
greatest integer £ x respectively of real number x. If (07-01-2020/Shift-2)
n n (a) log e 2 (b) log e 2

ò {x} dx, ò [ x] dx and 10(n 2
– n), n Î N , n > 1 are three
0 0
æ 4ö æ 3ö
(c) log e ç ÷ (d) log e ç ÷
consecutive terms of a G.P., then n is equal to .............. è 3ø è 2ø
(4-9-2020/Shift-2) 48. If q1 and q 2 be respectively the smallest and the largest
p values of q in éë 0, 2p - p which satisfy the equation,

1 2
ò dx 5 q2
43. The value of -p 1 + esin x is: (5-09-2020/Shift-1) 2 cot 2 q - + 4 = 0 then òq cos 2 3q dq is equal to
sin q 1
2
(07-01-2020/Shift-2)
p p 2p p
(a) (b) (a) (b)
2 4 3 3
3p p 1 p
(c) p (d) (c) + (d)
2 3 6 9
1 100 1 101 2 dx
44. If I1 = ò 1 - x 50 dx and I 2 = ò 1 - x 50 dx such 49. If I = ò
1
, then:
0 0 2 x - 9 x 2 + 12 x + 4
3
that I2 = a I1 then a equal to : (6-09-2020/Shift-1) (8-01-2020/Shift-2)
5050 5050 1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (a) < I2 < (b) < I2 <
5049 5051 6 2 8 4
1 1 1 1
5051 5049 (c) < I2 < (d) < I2 <
(c) (d) 9 8 16 9
5050 5050

2p 54. If x denotes the greater integer less than or equal to

x sin8 x
50. The value of ò sin8 x + cos8 x dx is equal to:
0 p
2
(9-01-2020/Shift-1) x, then the value of the integral I = ò ëé x - sin x ûù dx is

-p
2
(a) 2p (b) 4p
(c) 2p2 (d) p2 equal to ? (20-07-21/Shift-2)
(a) 0 (b) p
51. If for all real triplets (a,b,c), f x = a + bx + cx 2
(c) 1 (d) -p
1
p
then ò f x dx is equal to: (9-01-2020/Shift-1) 2
æp ö
0 55. Let g t = ò cos çè 4 t + f x ÷ dx , where
-p ø
2
æ æ 1 öö
(a) 2 ç 3f (1) + 2f ç ÷ ÷
è è 2 øø
f x = log e x + x 2 + 1 , x Î R . Then which one of the
following is correct ? (20-07-21/Shift-2)

1æ æ 1 öö
(b) ç f (0) + f ç ÷ ÷
3è è 2 øø (a) g 1 + g 0 = 0 (b) g 1 = 2g 0
1æ æ 1 öö (c) g 1 = g 0 (d) 2g 1 = g 0
(c) ç f (1) + 3f ç ÷ ÷
2è è 2 øø
56. If f : R ® R is given by f x = x + 1, then the value of
1æ æ 1 öö
(d) ç f (0) + f (1) + 4f ç ÷ ÷ 1é æ 5 n -1 öù
6è è 2 øø æ 5 ö æ 10 ö
lim
n ®¥ n
ê f 0 + f ç ÷ + f ç ÷ + ...... + f ç ÷ ú , is:
ëê ènø è n ø è n ø ûú
1
52. The value of the integral ò log

-1
e 1 - x + 1 + x dx is (20-07-21/Shift-2)
3 7
equal to: (20-07-21/Shift-1) (a) (b)
2 2
p 1 p 3
(a) 2 log e 2 + -1 (b) log e 2 + -
5 1
4 2 4 2 (c) (d)
2 2
p 1 p 57. If the real part of the complex number
(c) 2 log e 2 + - (d) log e 2 + -1
2 2 2
-1 1
53. Let a be a positive real number such that 1 - cos q + 2i sin q is for q Î 0, p , then the value
5
a x- x
ò e dx = 10e - 9 , where x is the greatest integer less q
0
of the integral ò sin x dx is equal to ?
0
than or equal to x. Then a is equal to: (20-07-21/Shift-1)
(20-07-21/Shift-2)
(a) 10 + log e 3 (b) 10 - loge 1 + e
(a) 2 (b) –1
(c) 0 (d) 1
(c) 10 + log e 2 (d) 10 + log e 1 + e

x 62. Let the domain of the function (27-07-21/Shift-1)

58. Let f : 0, ¥ ® 0, ¥ be defined as f x = ò y dy
0
f x = log 4 log 5 log 3 18x - x 2 - 77 be a, b .
Where [x] is the greatest integer less than or equal to x.
Which of the following is true ? (25-07-21/Shift-1) Then the value of the integral
b
(a) f is differentiable at every point in 0, ¥ sin 3 x
ò dx is equal to.
a sin 3 x + sin 3 a + b - x
(b) f is continuous everywhere except at the integer points
in 0, ¥ p 2 b 1
63. If ò sin 3 x e - sin x dx = a - t e t dt, then a + b is
0 e ò0
(c) f is continuous at every point in 0, ¥ and
equal to _______. (27-07-21/Shift-2)
differentiable except at the integer points.
100 p
(d) f is both continuous and differentiable except at the sin 2 x ap2
64. If ò dx = , a Î R, where x is the
0
æ x éxùö
ç -ê ú ÷ 1 + 4p2
è p ëpûø
integer points in 0, ¥ . e
greatest integer less than or equal to x, then the value of
5 p / 24
dx a is: (22-07-21/Shift-2)
59. The value of the definite integral ò
p / 24 1 + 3 tan 2x
is
-1
(a) 100 1 - e (b) 200 1 - e
(25-07-21/Shift-1)
-1
(c) 150 e - 1 (d) 50 e - 1
p p
(a) (b)
18 3 1
65. The value of the integral ò log x + x 2 + 1 dx is:

-1
p p
(c) (d) (25-07-21/Shift-2)
6 12
(a) 1 (b) 0
60. The value of the definite integral
(c) -1 (d) 2
p
4
dx ìx
ï 5 + 1 - t dt, x > 2
ò If f x = í ò0
is equal to :
p 1 + e x cos x sin 4 x + cos 4 x 66. (25-07-21/Shift-2)
-
4 ï 5x + 1, x£2
î
(27-07-21/Shift-1)
(a) f x is not differentiable at x = 1
p p
(a) (b) - (b) f x is continuous but not differentiable at x = 2
2 4
(c) f x is not continuous at x = 2
p p
(c) (c) -
2 2 2 (d) f x is everywhere differentiable
1 n 2 j - 1 + 8n 67. The function f x , that satisfies the condition

61. The value of lim
n ®¥ n
å
j=1 2 j - 1 + 4n
is equal to:
p/ 2
f x =x+ ò sin x × cos y f y dy, is (01-09-21/Shift-2)
(27-07-21/Shift-1) 0
æ2ö æ2ö p
(a) 2 - log e ç ÷ (b) 3 + 2 log e ç ÷ (a) x + p - 2 sin x (b) x + sin x
è3ø è3ø 2
3 3 2
(c) 1 + 2log e æç ö÷ (d) 5 + log e æç ö÷ (c) x + p - 2 sin x (d) x + p + 2 sin x
è2ø è2ø 3

5
x+ x
68. If the value of the integral ò dx = ae -1 + b, where 1 1
0 ex - x æ æ x + 1 ö2 æ x - 1 ö2
2
ö2
73. The value of ò çç ç +
÷ ç ÷ - 2 ÷÷ dx is:
-1 è è x - 1 ø è x +1ø ø
a, b Î R, 5a + 6b = 0, and x denotes the greatest 2
2
integer less than to x, then the value of a + b is equal
(26-08-21/Shift-1)
to: (26-08-21/Shift-2)
(a) 36 (b) 100 (a) log e 4 (b) log e 16
(c) 16 (d) 25
(c) 4 log e 3 + 2 2 (d) 2 log e 16
p
2
æ 1 + sin 2 x ö
69. The value of ò çè 1 + p sin x ÷
dx is: (26-08-21/Shift-2)
-
p ø 1
xdx
2 74. The value of the integral ò is:
0 1 + x 1 + 3x 3 + x
3p p
(a) (b) (27-08-21/Shift-2)
2 2
3p 5p pæ 3ö pæ 3ö
(c) (d) (a) 8 çç 1 - 2 ÷÷ (b) 4 çç 1 - 6 ÷÷
4 4
è ø è ø
16
log e x 2
70. ò log dx is equal to:
6 e x 2 + log e x 2 – 44x + 484 pæ 3ö pæ 3ö
(c) 4 çç 1 - 2 ÷÷ (d) 8 çç 1 - 6 ÷÷
è ø è ø
(27-08-21/Shift-1)
(a) 10 (b) 8
75. Let t denote the greatest integer £ t . Then the value
(c) 6 (d) 5
1
2 n
æ 1 ö æ 22 ö æ n 2 ö of 8. ò 1 2x + x dx is _________ ?
-
71. If U n = ç 1 + 2 ÷ ç 1 + 2 ÷ ...ç 1 + 2 ÷ , then 2
è n øè n ø è n ø
(31-08-21/Shift-1)
–4
lim U n n2 is equal to: (27-08-21/Shift-1)
n ®¥ x
2
76. If xf x = ò5 3t - 2f ' t dt, x > -2, and f 0 = 4,
4 4
(a) (b)
e2 e then, f 2 is ___________ ? (31-08-21/Shift-1)
16 e2 77. If x is the greatest integer £ x, then

(c) (d)
e2 16
2
æ px ö x
1 2n -1
n 2 p2 ò ç sin ÷ x- x dx is equal to:
72. The value of nlim
®¥ n
å
r =0 n 2
+ 4r 2
is: (26-08-21/Shift-1) 0 è 2 ø
(31-08-21/Shift-2)
1 -1 -1
(a) tan 4 (b) tan 4
4 (a) 4 p - 1 (b) 2 p - 1
1 1
(c) tan -1 2 (d) tan -1 4 (c) 2 p + 1 (d) 4 p + 1
2 2

78. Let f be a non-negative function in 0,1 and twice 1 é x3 ù

83. The value of ò x 2 e ë û dx, where t denotes the greatest
-1
differentiable in 0,1 . If
integer £ t, is: (25-02-21/Shift-1)
x 2 x
ò 1- f ' t dt = ò f t dt, 0 £ x £ 1 and 1 e +1
0 0 (a) (b)
3e 3
x
1
f 0 = 0, then lim
x ®0 x 2 ò0
f t dt : (31-08-21/Shift-1) e -1 e +1
(c) (d)
3e 3e
(a) Equals 1 (b) Does not exist
p
1 2
(c) Equals (d) Equals 0 84. If I n = ò cot n x dx, then (25-02-21/Shift-2)
2
p
4
x2
ò sin t dt 2
0 (a) I 2 + I 4 , I3 + I 5 , I 4 + I 6 are in G.P..
79. lim 3
is equal to (24-02-21/Shift-1)
x ®0 x
1 1 1
(b) , , are in A.P..
1 I 2 + I 4 I 3 + I5 I 4 + I6
(a) (b) 0
15
1 1 1
2 3 (c) , , are in G.P..
(c) (d) I 2 + I 4 I 3 + I5 I 4 + I6
3 2
a (d) I 2 + I 4 , I3 + I5 , I4 + I6 are in A.P..
80. If ò x + x - 2 dx = 22, a > 2 40.and x denotes the
-a
é1 n n n ù
-a 85. lim ê + 2
+ 2
+ .... + 2
ú is equal
n ®¥ ê n n +1 n+2 2n - 1 úû
greatest integer £ x, then ò x + x dx is equal to ë
a
to: (25-02-21/Shift-2)
________. (24-02-21/Shift-1)
1 1
81. Let f x be a differentiable function defined on [0,2] such (a) (b)
2 4
that f ¢ x = f ¢ 2 - x for all x Î 0, 2 , f 0 = 1 and
1
2 (c) (d) 1
3
f 2 = e2 . Then the value of ò f x dx is
0
2
2
(24-02-21/Shift-2) 86. The value of ò 3x
-2
- 3x - 6 dx is:
(a) 2(1 – e2) (b) 1 – e2 (25-02-21/Shift-2)

(c) 2(1 + e2) (d) 1 + e2 p
3
2
cos 2 x
2 87. The value of òp 1 + 3x dx is (26-02-21/Shift-1)
82. The value of the integral ò éë x
1
- 2x - 2 ùû dx, where [x]
-
2
denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x, is

(24-02-21/Shift-2) p
(a) 2p (b)
2
(a) –5 (b) - 2 - 3 - 1
(c) – 4 (d) - 2 - 3 + 1 p
(c) 4p (d)
4

100 n
94. Let f : R ® R be a continuous function such that
88. The Value of åò e x -[ x ] dx where [x] is the greatest 8
n -1
n =1
f x + f x + 1 = 2, for all x Î R. If I1 = ò f x dx and
0
integer £ x, is (26-02-21/Shift-1)
3
(a) 100(e – 1) (b) 100(1 + e) I 2 = ò f x dx , then the value of I1 + 2I 2 is equal to
(c) 100(1 – e) (d) 100e -1
________. (16-03-21/Shift-1)
p
89. The value of the integral ò sin 2x dx is _____. 95. Let P x = x 2 + bx + c be a quadratic polynomial with
0
1
(26-02-21/Shift-1) real coefficients such that òP x dx = 1 and P(x) leaves

0
x
log e t remainder 5 when it is divided by (x – 2). Then the value of
90. For x > 0, if f x = ò dt , then f e + f æç 1 ö÷ is 9(b + c) is equal to (16-03-21/Shift-2)
1 1+ t èeø
(a) 11 (b) 9
equal to: (26-02-21/Shift-2)
(c) 7 (d) 15
1
(a) 1 (b) 10 [x]e[x ]
2 96. Consider the integral I = ò dx where [x] denotes
0 e x -1
(c) 0 (d) –1 the greatest integer less than or equal to x. Then the value
of I is equal to : (16-03-21/Shift-2)
1
n -1
91. If I m, n = ò x m -1 1 - x dx , for m, n ³ 1 and (a) 9 e - 1 (b) 9 e + 1
0
(c) 45 e + 1 (d) 45 e - 1
1
x m -1 + x n -1
ò m+ n
dx = a I m, n , , a Î R , then a equals _____. 97. Which of the following statements is incorrect for the
0 1+ x
function g (a) for a Î R such that
(26-02-21/Shift-2)
p
3
x sin a x
92. If the normal to the curve y x = ò 2t - 15t + 10 dt at a 2 g (a) = ò a a
dx (17-03-21/Shift-1)
p cos x + sin x
0
6
point a, b is parallel to the line x + 3y = -5, a > 1 , then

1
(a) g a has an inflection point at a = –
the value of a + 6b is equal to ________. 2
(16-03-21/Shift-1) (b) g a is a strictly decreasing function
93. Let f : 0, 2 ® R be defined as (c) g a is a strictly increasing function
(d) g a is an even function

æ æ px ö ö
f x = log 2 ç 1 + tan ç ÷ ÷ .
è è 4 øø 98. If represents the greatest integer function, then the value
p
2
2æ æ1ö æ 2ö ö 2
Then nlim
®¥ n
ç f ç ÷ + f ç ÷ + ... + f 1 ÷ is equal to _____.
n
è è ø è ø n ø
of ò éë éë x
0
ùû – cos x ù dx is …………… .
û
(16-03-21/Shift-1)
(17-03-21/Shift-1)

99. Let f : R  R be defined as f (x)  e  x sin x. If 104. Let P  x  be a real polynomial of degree 3 which vanishes
F :[0, 1]  R is a differentiable function such that
at x  3. Let P  x  have Local minima at x  1 local
x
F (x)   f (t) dt, then the value of 1
0
maxima at x = –1 and  P (x) dx  18, then the sum of all
1 1
x
 (F (x)  f (x)) e
0
dx lies in the interval
the coefficients of the polynomial P  x  is equal to
(17-03-21/Shift-2)
...................... . (18-03-21/Shift-2)
 330 331   327 329 
(a)  , 
 360 360 
(b)  , 
 360 360  Area Under Curves
 331 334   335 336  105. The area (in sq. units) of the region described by
(c)  ,  (d)  , 
 360 360   360 360  {(x, y) : y2 < 2x and y > 4x – 1} is: (2015)
10 sin 2x  dx  e1  e 12  , (a)

15
(b)
9
100. If the integral  0 e x  [x] where
64 32
, ,  are integers and  x  denotes the greatest integer 7 5

(c) (d)
less than or equal to x, then the value of      is equal 32 64
to : (17-03-21/Shift-2) 106. The area (in square units) of the region bounded by the
(a) 0 (b) 20 curves y + 2x2 = 0 and y + 3x2 = 1, is equal to :
(c) 10 (d) 25 (2015/Online Set–1)
e
101. Let I n   x19 (log | x |) n dx, where n  N. If 1 3
1 (a) (b)
3 4
(20) I10  I9  I8 , for natural numbers  and  , then
 –  equals to ....... . 3 4
(17-03-21/Shift-2) (c) (d)
5 3
102. Let f  x  and g  x  be two functions satisfying
107. The area of the plane region bounded by the curves
f x x + 2y2 = 0 and x + 3y2 = 1 is equal to
2
  g  4  x   4x 3
and g  4  x   g  x   0, then the
4
2
value of  f (x ) dx is .................... . (18-03-21/Shift-1)
4 5
4 (a) (b)
3 3
x
103. Let g (x)  0 f (t) dt, where f is continuous function in [0,
1 2
(c) (d)
1 3 3
3] such that  f (t)  1 for all t  [0, 1] and
3 108. The area (in sq. units) of the region (2016)
1
0  f (t) 
2
for all t  (1, 3]. The largest possible interval (x, y) : y 2
 2x and x 2  y 2  4x,x  0, y  0 
in which g  3 lies is: (18-03-21/Shift-2) is :
8 4 2
 3  (a)   (b)  
(a) [1, 3] (b)   ,  1 3 3
 2 
1   1  2 2 4
(c)  , 2  (d)  1,   (c)  (d)  
3   2 2 3 3

109. The area (in sq. units) of the region described by 113. The area (in sq. units) of the region
A ={(x, y)|y > x2 – 5x + 4, x + y > 1, y < 0} is: x  R : x  0, y  0, y  x - 2 and y  x  is :

7 19 13 8
(a) (b) (a) (b)
2 6 3 3
10 5
13 17 (c) (d)
(c) (d) 3 3
6 6
114. If the area of the region bounded by the curves,
110. The area (in sq. units) of the region 1
y = x2, y = and the lines y = 0 and x = t  t >1 is 1 sq.
x
{(x, y) : x > 0, x + y < 3, x2 < 4y and y < 1  x } is:
unit, then t is equal to : (2018/Online Set–3)
(2017)
3
4
(a) e 2 (b)
59 2 3
(a) (b)
12 3 2
3
(c) (d) e 3
2
7 5
(c) (d) 115. The area (in sq. units) of the region
3 2
A  x, y   R  R | 0  x  3, 0  y  4, y  x 2

 3 x is
111. The area (in sq. units) of the smaller portion enclosed
(8-04-2019/Shift-1)
between the curves, x2 + y2 = 4 and y2 = 3x, is :
(2017/Online Set–1) 53
(a) (b) 8
6
1  1 2
(a)  (b)  59 26
2 3 3 3 3 (c) (d)
6 3
116. Let S() = {(x, y): y2  x, 0  x  } and A() is area of the
1
2 1 4 region S(). If for a , 0 <  < 4, A() : A(4) = 2:5, then 
(c)  (d) 
2 3 3 3 3 equals : (8-04-2019/Shift-2)
1 1
112. Let g  x   cos x 2 , f  x   x , and       be the  4 3  2 3
(a) 2   (b) 2  
5 5
roots of the quadratic equation 18x 2  9x  2  0 .
1 1
Then the area (in sq. units) bounded by the curve  2 3  4 3
(c) 4   (d) 4 
y   gof  x  and the lines x  , x   and y  0, is : 5  25 
117. The area (in sq. units) of the region
(2018)
 
A  ( x, y ) : x 2  y  x  2 is: (09-04-2019/Shift-1)
1 1
(a)
2
 2 1  (b)
2
 3 1  10 9
(a) (b)
3 2
1 1
(c)
2
 3 1  (d)
2
 3 2  (c)
31
(d)
13
6 6

118. The area (in sq. units) of the region 123. If the area enclosed between the curves y = kx 2 and
ì y2 ü x = ky 2 . k > 0 , is 1 square unit. Then k is:

A = í x, y : £ x £ y + 4 ý is: (9-04-2019/Shift-2)
î 2 þ (10-1-2019/Shift-1)
53 3 1
(a) (b) 30 (a) (b)
3 2 3
(c) 16 (d) 18
2
119. The area (in sq. units) of the region bounded by the curves (c) 3 (d)
3
y = 2 x and y = x + 1 , in the first quadrant is: 124. The area (in sq. units) of the region bounded by the curve
(10-4-2019/Shift-2) x 2 = 4 y and the straight line x = 4 y - 2 is
3 3 (11-01-2019/Shift-1)
(a) ln 2 + (b)
2 2
5 9
(a) (b)
1 3 1 4 8
(c) (d) -
2 2 ln 2
7 3
120. If the area (in sq. units) of the region (c) (d)
8 4
( x, y ) : y 2 £ 4 x , x + y £ 1, x ³ 0, y ³ 0 is a 2 + b , then
125. The area (in sq. units) in the first quadrant bounded by
a – b is equal to : (12-04-2019/Shift-1) the parabola, y = x2 + 1, the tangent to it at the point (2, 5)
and the coordinate axes is : (11-01-2019/Shift-2)
10
(a) (b) 6
3 8 37
(a) (b)
3 24
8 2
(c) (d) -
3 3
187 14
(c) (d)
121. If the area (in sq. units) bounded by the parabola 24 3
1 126. The maximum area (in sq. units) of a rectangle having its
y 2 = 4l x and the line y = l x, l > 0 is then l is
9 base on the X-axis and its other two vertices on the
equal to ______. (12-04-2019/Shift-2) parabola, y = 12- x2 such that the rectangle lies inside the
parabola, is ______. (12-01-2019/Shift-1)
(a) 2 6 (b) 48
(a) 36 (b) 20 2
(c) 24 (d) 4 3
(c) 32 (d) 18 3
122. The area of the region
127. The area (in sq. units) of the region bounded by the
A = {( x, y ) : 0 £ y £ x | x | +1 and - 1 £ x £ 1} in sq. units
parabola, y = x2 + 2 and the lines, y = x + 1, x = 0 and
is: (09-01-2019/Shift-2) x = 3, is : (12-01-2019/Shift-1)
2 15 21
(a) (b) 2 (a) (b)
3 4 2
4 1 17 15
(c) (d) (c) (d)
3 3 4 2

133. The area (in sq. units) of the region enclosed by the curves
|x| |y|
128. Area (in sq. units) of the region outside + =1
2 3 y = x 2 - 1 and y = 1 - x 2 is equal to :
x 2 y2 (6-09-2020/Shift-2)
and inside the ellipse + = 1 is :
4 9
4 7
(2-9-2020/Shift-1) (a) (b)
3 2
(a) 3(p - 2) (b) 6(p - 2)
16 8
(c) 6(4 - p ) (d) 3(4 - p ) (c) (d)
3 3
129. Consider a region R = {( x, y) Î R 2 : x 2 £ y £ 2 x}. If a line 134. The area of the region, enclosed by the circle x 2 + y 2 = 2
y = a divides the area of region R into two equal parts,
which is not common to the region bounded by the
then which of the following is true ?
(2-09-2020/Shift-2) parabola y 2 = x and the straight line y = x
(a) a 3 - 6a 2 + 16 = 0 (b) 3a 2 - 8a 3/ 2 + 8 = 0 (7-01-2020/Shift-1)

(c) a 3 - 6a 3/ 2 - 16 (d) 3a 2 - 8a + 8 = 0
1 1
(a) (12p - 1) (b) (6p - 1)
130. The area (in sq. units) of the region 3 3
ì 2 1 ü
í( x, y) : 0 £ y £ x + 1, 0 £ y £ x + 1, £ x £ 2 ý is 1 1
î 2 þ (12p - 1) (24p - 1)
(c) (d)
6 6
(3-09-2020/Shift-1)
23 79
(a (b)
16 16 x, y Î R | 4 x 2 £ y £ 8 x + 12 is: (07-01-2020/Shift-2)
23 79
(c) (d) 125 128
6 24 (a) (b)
3 3
A = {(x, y) : (x - 1)[x] £ y £ 2 x, 0 £ x £ 2} 124 127

(c) (d)
3 3
where[t] denotes the greatest integer function, is:
(5-09-2020/Shift-2)
136. For a > 0, let the curves C1 : y2 = ax and
4 1 8 1
(a) 2- (b) 2-
3 2 3 2 C 2 : x 2 = ay intersect at origin O and a point P. let the
8 4 line x = b(0 < b < a) intersect the chord OP and the x-axis
(c) 2 -1 (d) 2 +1
3 3 at points Q and R, respectively. If the line x = b bisects the
132. The area (in sq. units) of the region area bounded by the curves, C1 and C2, and the area of
A= x, y :| x | + | y |£ 1, 2 y 2 ³| x | (6-09-2020/Shift-1) 1
DOQR = , then ‘a’ satisfies the equation:
2
1 5
(a) (b) (8-01-2020/Shift-1)
6 6
(a) x6 – 12x3 + 4 = 0 (b) x6 – 12x3 – 4 = 0
1 7
(c) (d) (c) x6 + 6x3 – 4 = 0 (d) x6 – 6x3 + 4 = 0
3 6

137. The area (in sq. units) of the region 140. The area (in sq. units) of the region, given by the set
( x, y ) Î R 2 : x 2 £ y £ 3 - 2 x , is: x, y Î R ´ R x ³ 0, 2x 2 £ y £ 4 - 2x
(8-01-2020/Shift-2) (25-07-21/Shift-1)
31 32 7 13
(a) (b) (a) (b)
3 3 3 3
29 34 17 8
(c) (d) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3
138. Given: 141. If the area of the bounded region
ì 1 ü
R = í x, y : max 0, loge x £ y £ 2x , £ x £ 2 ý is
ì 1 î 2 þ
ï x, 0 £ x < 2
ï
ï 1 1 -1
f x =í , x= a log e 2 + b log e 2 + g, then the value of
ï 2 2
ï 1 2
ï1 - x, 2 < x £ 1 a + b - 2 g is equal to : (27-07-21/Shift-1)
î
(a) 4 (b) 1
(c) 8 (d) 2
2
æ 1ö
and g ( x) = ç x - ÷ , x Î R .Then the area (in sq. units) 142. The area of the region bounded by y - x = 2 and x 2 = y
è 2ø
is equal to (27-07-21/Shift-2)
of the region bounded by the curves y = f ( x )
4 9
and y = g ( x) between the lines 2 x = 1 to 2 x = 3 is (a) (b)
3 2
(9-1-2020/Shift-2)
16 2
(c) (d)
3 1 1 3 3 3
(a) - (b) +
4 3 3 4
143. The area (in sq. units) of the region bounded by the curves
x 2 + 2y - 1 = 0, y 2 + 4x - 4 = 0 and y 2 - 4x - 4 = 0, in
1 3 1 3
(c) + (d) - the upper half plane is ____. (22-07-21/Shift-2)
2 4 2 4
144. The area, enclosed by curves y = sin x + cos x and
139. Let T be the tangent to the ellipse E : x 2 + 4y 2 = 5 at the
p
point P 1,1 . If the area of the region bounded by the
y = cos x - sin x and the lines x = 0, x = , is:
2
tangent T, ellipse E, lines x = 1 and x = 5 is (01-09-21/Shift-2)
æ 1 ö 4 (a) 2 2 2 +1 (b) 4 2 -1
a 5 + b + g cos -1 ç ÷ , then 5 a + b + g is equal to
è 5ø
______. (20-07-21/Shift-1) (c) 2 2 +1 (d) 2 2 2 -1

145. Let a and b respectively be the points of local maximum

3 2 152. The area bounded by the lines y = x - 1 - 2 is ______
and local minimum of the function f(x) = 2x – 3x – 12x.
If A is the total area of the region bounded by y = f(x), the (26-02-21/Shift-1)
x-axis and the lines x = a and x = b, then 4A is equal to
153. Let A1 be the area of the region bounded by the curves
_______. (26-08-21/Shift-2)
y = sin x, y = cos x and y-axis in the first quadrant. Also,
146. The area of the region S = x, y : 3x 2 £ 4y £ 6x + 24
let A 2 be the area of the region bounded by the curves
is ________. (26-08-21/Shift-1)
147. The area of the region bounded by the parabola p
y = sin x, y = cos x x, x-axis and x = in the first
2
2
y-2 = x - 1 , the tangent to it at the point whose quadrant. Then (26-02-21/Shift-2)
ordinate is 3 and the x-axis is : (27-08-21/Shift-2)
(a) A1 = A 2 and A1 + A 2 = 2
(a) 6 (b) 4
(c) 10 (d) 9 (b) A1 : A 2 = 1: 2 and A1 + A 2 = 1
148. If the line y = mx bisects the area enclosed by the lines
(c) 2A1 = A 2 and A1 + A 2 = 1 + 2
3
x = 0, y = 0, x = and the curve y = 1 + 4x - x 2 then
2 (d) A1 : A 2 =1:2 and A1 + A 2 = 1
12m is equal to ____ (31-08-21/Shift-2)
154. Let f :[-3, 1] ® R be given as
149. The area (in sq. units) of the part of the circle
x 2 + y 2 = 36, which is outside the parabola y 2 = 9x, is 2
ïì min {(x + 6), x }, -3 £ x £ 0
f (x) = í 2
(24-02-21/Shift-1) ïîmax { x , x } , 0 £ x £ 1 .
(a) 24 p + 3 3 (b) 12p - 3 3
If the area bounded by y = f x and x-axis is A, then the
(c) 12p + 3 3 (d) 24p - 3 3 value of 6A is equal to ............ . (17-03-21/Shift-2)
150. The area of the region R = x, y : 5x 2 £ y £ 2x 2 + 9 is 155. The area bounded by the curve 4y 2 = x 2 (4 - x) (x - 2)
(24-02-21-Shift/2) is equal to: (18-03-21/Shift-2)
(a) 11 3 square units (b) 12 3 square units p 3p

(a) (b)
8 2
(c) 6 3 square units (d) 9 3 square units
151. The graphs of sine and cosine functions, intersect each 3p p
other at a number of points and between two consecutive (c) (d)
8 16
points of intersection, the two graphs enclose the same
area A. Then A 4 is equal to ______. (25-02-21/Shift-1)

Definite Integration æ1ö 1

5. If a ¹ b and af x + bf ç ÷ = - 5
èxø x
for all x ¹ 0 , then
æ px ö æ1ö
1. If f (x) = A sin ç ÷ + B, f ´ ç ÷ = 2 and 2
1 é æ b öù
è ø2 è2ø òf x dx = ê a log 2 - a + b ç 2 ÷ ú
1 a2 - b2 ë è øû
1 2A
ò0 f (x) dx = , then constants A and B are :
p where b - a is equal to
p p 2 3 (a) 12 (b) 5
(a) and (b) and
2 2 p p (c) 7 (d) 2
4 4 p
(c) 0 and - (d) and 0 6. cos px - sin qx
2
dx is equal to (where p, q Î Z)
p p òp
-
2p
2. The value of ò [2 sin x] dx where [.] represents the
p p
(a) 0 (b)
greatest integral functions, is : 2
5p (c) p (d) 2p
(a) - (b) – p
3
e
1+ log10 x
7. ò dx =
5p 1
x
(c) (d) – 2 p
3
1 1 + log10 e
2 (a) log10 e (b)
29 3
x-2 2 2
3. ò dx =
2
3 3+ 3 x -2
1
(c) log10 e + 1 (d) 2 log10 e
2
3 3 3 3
(a) 4 + p (b) 2 + p
2 2 tan x
t
co t x
dt
8. ò1/ e 1+ t 2 dt + ò
1/ e t 1+ t 2
=
3 3 3
(c) 4 + p (d) 8 + p
2 2
(a) 2(tan e - 1) (b) 2 tan e
1/ 3
dx (c) 1 (d) tan e + cot e
4. ò =
2 2
0 2 x +1 x +1
log e 5
e x e x -1
9. ò dx =
p 0 ex + 3
(a) (b) tan -1 2
2
(a) 3 + p (b) 3 - p
(c) tan -1 1 / 2 (d) p (c) 4 + p (d) 4 - p

1
p
sin x cos a dx
dx = p 14. ò =
10. ò
0
1 + cos 2 x 1 + sin 2 a 0 5 + 2 x - 2 x 2 1 - e2 - 4 x
(a) for no value of a 1 æ 11 + 2 ö 1 æ 11 +1 ö

(a) log e ç (b) log e ç
11 ç 11 ÷÷ 11 ç 10 ÷÷
(b) for exactly two values of a in 0, p è ø è ø
1 æ 10 + 2 ö 1 æ 10 + 1 ö
(c) log e ç (d) log e ç
æp ö ç 11 ÷÷ 10 ç 11 ÷÷
(c) for at least one a in ç , p ÷ 10 è ø è ø
è2 ø
15. Let f : R ® R and g : R ® R be continuous functions. Then
the value of the integral
p
(d) for exactly one a in æç 0, ö÷ p/ 2
è 2ø
ò -p / 2
f ( x ) + f (- x ) g ( x ) - g (- x ) dx is :
2 (a) p (b) 1
11. ò x x -1 dx = (c) – 1 (d) 0
-2
2p
e|sin x| cos x
16. ò dx =
17 11 0
1 + e tan x
(a) (b)
3 3
(a) ep (b) 1
13 16 (c) ep - 1 (d) 0
(c) (d)
3 3
0 2
sin x sin x
12. If t stands for the integral part of t , then
17. If m = ò-2 é x ù 1 dx and n = ò0 é x ù 1 dx, where .
êë p úû + 2 êë p úû + 2
5p /12 represents greatest integer function, then

ò tan x dx = (a) m = n (b) m = - n
0
(c) m = 2n (d) m = -2n
p a +1
2
(a) (b) p The maximum value of - x -1
dx is attained (a is real)
2 18. òe
a -1
at
p
(c) (d) 2p
4 (a) a = 2 (b) a = 1
(c) a = -1 (d) a = 0
13. If t denotes the integeral part of t , then
19. If f x is differentiable & defined on R + such that
1 t2
2
ò cos p x cos 2 x p dx = ò xf x dx = t 5 then f 4 / 25 =
0 0
3
(a) 1 (b) -1 2 3
(a) (b) -
3 2
2 2
(c) - (d) 3
p p (c) 1 (d)
2

x x +h x
20. The function F x = ò 4 sin t + 3cos t dt ln 2t dt - ò ln 2t dt
p /6
ò a a
25. lim equals to
h ®0 h
attains least value on [p/4, 3p/4] at x equals.
p p (a) 0 (b) ln 2 x
(a) (b)
3 3
2lnx
(c) (d) does not exist
x
3p p
(c) (d)
4 4 x 1
26. If òf0
t dt = x + ò tf t dt
x
x2
cos x cos t
21. If f x = ò dt then f ' p is equal to
p 2 /16 1 + sin 2 t then f 1 is
(a) 0 (b) p
1
(a) (b) 0
2
p
(c) 2p (d)
2
-1
(c) 1 (d)
2
ì at – 1 t < 1
22. If f (t ) = í 2 then possible set of values of
ît + b t ³ 1
1/ 2 æ ö
x
27. ò e x ç sin -1 x - ÷ dx =
x çç 3/ 2 ÷÷
a, b so that f ( x) dx is differentiable for all x ³ 0 is 0 1- x2
ò
0
è ø
(a) 5,1 (b) 1,3 æp 1 ö æp 2 ö

(a) eç - ÷ +1 (b) eç + ÷ +1
è6 3ø è 6 3ø
(c) 4, 2 (d) none of these
æp 2 ö æp 1 ö
x
(c) eç - ÷ +1 (d) eç + ÷ +1
t è6 3ø è6 3ø
23. If f ( x ) = e g ( x ) and g x = ò dt then f ' 2 has the
2
1+ t4
value equal to ìx
ï 5 + 1 - y dy if x > 2
28. Let f x = í ò0
(a) 2 / 17 (b) 0
ï 5x +1 if x £ 2
î
(c) 1 (d) cannot be determined
24. The value of the function Then
x (a) f x is continuous but not differentiable at x = 2

f x = 1 + x + ò ln 2t + 2ln t dt where f ' x vanishes
1
(b) f x is not continuous at x = 2
is
(a) e -1 (b) 0 (c) f x is differentiable everywhere
(c) 2e-1 (d) 1 + 2e-1 (d) The right derivative of f x at x = 2 does not exist

x p cos2 x
29. Consider the function f x = ò t dt

33. For any integer n, the integral ò e cos3 (2n + 1)x dx
0
0
has the value :
where x > 0 and t is the integral part of t . Then (a) p (b) 1
(c) 0 (d) none of these
(a) f x is not defined for x = 1, 2,3,...
-5 2/3 2
2 9 ëé x - 2/ 3 ûù
34. If I1 = ò e x + 5 dx and I 2 = 3 ò e dx then the
(b) f x is defined for all x > 0 but is not continuous at -4 1/ 3
x = 1, 2,3,... value of I1 + I 2 is
(c) f x is continuous for all x > 0 (a) 0 (b) 1
(d) f x is differentiable for all x > 0 (c) e -1 (d) e
a
1
et e-t
p
x 2 sin 2 x sin éë p / 2 cos x ùû 35. If I = ò dt , then ò t - a -1 dt =
30. ò0 dx = 0 t +1 a -1
2x -p
(a) Iea (b) (-I)e a
2
4 p
(a) (b)
p2 4 (c) (-I)e - a (d) Ie-a
p2 8 n 1/ n
(c) (d) é 3 ù
8 p 1 ê Õ (n + r3 ) ú
dx r =1
36. Let l = ò 3
, p = lim ê ú , then ln p
x 0 1+ x n ®¥ ê n3n ú
e êë úû
31. Let f x =
1+ ex
is equal to
f a
(a) ln 2 - 1 + l (b) ln 2 - 3 + 3l
I1 = ò x g x 1- x dx
f -a
(c) 2 ln 2 - l (d) ln 4 - 3 + 3l
37. Consider the integrals
f a
I2 = ò g x 1 - x dx 1 1
2
f -a I1 = ò e - x cos 2 x dx, I 2 = ò e - x cos 2 x dx,
0 0
then I 2 / I1 is
1 x2 1 x2
- -
2
(a) 1 (b) -3 I3 = ò e 2
cos x dx, I 4 = ò e 2
dx Then
0 0
(c) -1 (d) 2
(a) I 2 > I4 > I1 > I3 (b) I 2 < I 4 < I1 < I3
æ 2x ö -1 æ 2 x ö
1/ 3
cos -1 ç 2 ÷ + tan ç 2 ÷ (c) I1 < I 2 < I3 < I 4 (d) I1 > I2 > I3 > I4
32. è 1+ x ø è 1- x ø dx =
ò ex +1 e
-1/ 3
n
38. If I n = ò log e x dx n is a positive integer), then
1
p p
(a) (b) I 2012 + (2012) I 2011 =
2 4
(a) I 2011 + (2010) I 2010 (b) I 2013 + (2013) I 2012
p p
(c) (d)
4 3 2 3 (c) I 2011 + (2010) I 2009 (d) I 2012 - (2012) I 2011

39. A function f x which satisfies the relation 1

-x2
44. The value of the definite integral ò (1 + e
0
) dx is :
1
f x = e x + ò e x f (t ) dt , then f x is (a) – 1 (b) 2
0
(c) 1 + e–1 (d) none of these
ex x x
(a) (b) e - 2 e x 2
- z2 / 4
2-e 45. If ò e zx . e- z dz = f x òe dz
0 0
ex
(c) 2e x (d) æ xö
2 x
then òe ç log e f x + ÷ dx =
è 2 ø
p
x2
p
2 x 2 cos 2 x / 2
dx = A then ò dx =
40. If ò 1 + sin x
2
0 1 + sin x
2
xe x x2ex
0 (a) +c (b) +c
2 4
(a) A + p - p 2 (b) A - p + p 2
x2e x xe x
(c) A - p - p 2 (d) A+2p - p 2 (c) +c (d) +c
2 4
sin 2 x cos 2 x
-1 Objective Questions II [One or more than one correct option]
41.
ò sin t dt + ò cos -1 t dt =
0 0
¥
x
46. ò (1 + x) (1 + x dx
p 2
)
(a) p (b) 0
2
(a) p / 4
p p
(c) (d)
4 2 2 (b) p / 2
42. For each positive integer n, define ¥

dx
n
(c) is same as ò (1 + x) (1 + x
0
2
)
æ xn 1- x ö
fn x = Min ç , ÷ for 0 £ x £ 1 . Let
ç n! n! ÷ (d) cannot be evaluated
è ø
47. If f (2 - x ) = f (2 + x) and f (4 - x ) = f (4 + x) and

1 ¥
In = òf n x dx for n ³ 1 . Then the value of åI

n =1
n is
2
0
f x is a function for which ò f ( x) dx = 5, then
0
(a) 2 e - 3 (b) 2 e - 2
50
(c) 2 e - 1 (d) 2 e
ò f ( x) dx
0
is equal to
p /2 p /4
43. ò f sin 2 x sin x dx = k ò f cos 2 x cos x dx where k
46
0 0
equals
(a) 125 (b) ò f ( x) dx
-4
(a) 2 (b) 4
51 52
(c) 2 (d) 2 2 (c) ò f ( x) dx (d) ò f ( x) dx

2
1

1 x
2
48. If F ( x) = 2 ò (4t - 2 F ´ (t )) dt , then F ' 4 equals –
x 4
52. Determine a positive integer n £ 5, such that
1
32 64 ò e x ( x - 1) n dx = 16 - 6e
(a) (b) 0
9 9
Assertion & Reason
5
2 F (4) 11F (8)
(c) (d) (A) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is true, REASON is a
9 28
2
49. If f x is integrable over 1, 2 , then ò f ( x) dx is equal
1 (C) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is false.
to (D) If ASSERTION is false, REASON is true.
n 2n
1 ærö 1 ærö p
p p
(a) nlim
®¥ n
å f çè n ÷ø (b) lim
n ®¥ n
å f ç ÷
ènø
53. Assertion : 2
ò x sin x cos x dx = ò sin x cos
2
x dx
r =1 r = n +1
0 2 0
n 2n
1 ær+nö 1 ærö b
a+b
b
(c) nlim
®¥ n
å
r =1
f ç ÷
è n ø
(d) lim
n ®¥ n
å f çè n ÷ø
r =1
Reason : ò x f ( x) dx = 2 ò f ( x) dx
a a
p /2 (a) A (b) B
50. If I = ò e -a sin x dx, where a Î 0, ¥ , then
0 (c) C (d) D
54. Assertion :
p p -a
(a) I < (b) I > e +1
2 2 sin -1 x
æ x ö sin -1 x
òe çç 1 - ÷÷ dx = e . 1 - x2 + c
è 1 - x2 ø
p
(c) I > e -a (d) I > 0
2 Reason : ò e
g ( x)
g ¢ (x) f (x) + f ¢ (x) dx = e g(x ) f (x) + c
1 (a) A (b) B
dx
51. If I n = ò , n Î N , then which of the following
(c) C (d) D
0
(1 + x 2 ) n
p /2
statements hold good ? sin x p
55. Assertion : 1 £ ò £
0
x 2
(a) 2nI n +1 = 2 - n + (2n - 1)I n
Reason : If f x is continuous in a, b and m and l

1 p
(b) I 2 = +
8 4 are greatest and least value of f x in a, b , then
b
1 p l (b - a ) £ ò f ( x) dx £ m(b - a )
(c) I 2 = -
8 4 a
(a) A (b) B
5 p
(d) I3 = - (c) C (d) D
16 48

Match the Following Using the following passage, solve Q.57 to Q.59
Each question has two columns. Four options are given Passage
p /2
Column-II. Only one of these four options corresponds ln(sin x )dx
Using integral ò 0
corresponding to the correct matching.
p /2 p
=-ò ln(sec x) dx = - ln 2,
0 2
56. Column - I Column - II
1 p /2 p /4 p
cos x ò ln(tan x) dx = 0 and ò ln(1 + tan x) dx = ln 2.
(A) If ò0 1 + x dx = k and (P) 4 0 0 8
p /4
57. Evaluate ò ln(sin 2 x) dx =
0
6p
cos( x / 3)
ò dx = mk , then m is
6 p-3 p + 3 - x
6
-p ln 2
(a) (b) p ln 2
2
1
æ -1 é 3ù ö p
(B) ò ç sin ê x + 4 ú ÷ dx = k , then (Q) 1 p ln 2
-1 è ë ûø (c) (d) none of these
4
k is {where . denotes greatest p /4 æ sin x + cos x ö

58. Evaluate òp ln ç ÷ dx =
- /4
è cos x - sin x ø
integer function}
(C) If f ( x ) = max x - x , x + [ x ] and (R) 3 p ln2

(a) p ln 2 (b)
2
3
3 (c) 0 (d) -p ln2
ò f ( x) dx = - k ,
-3
then k is
p /4
59. Evaluate òp ln(sin x + cos x) dx =
- /4
{where . denotes greatest

p ln2 - p ln2
integer function} (a) (b)
2 4
20
10k 2 (c) p ln2 (d) 0
(D) If ò 1 - cos p x dx = , (S) 2
0 p
Text
then k is
p 2 x (1 + sin x )
60. Determine the value of
The correct matching is : ò -p 1 + cos 2 x
dx
(a) A-Q; B-P; C-S; D-P

(b) A-Q; B-P; C-S; D-R 3 2x 5 + x 4 - 2x 3 + 2 x 2 + 1
61. Evaluate ò 2 ( x 2 + 1) ( x 4 - 1)
dx.
(c) A-Q; B-R; C-Q; D-P
(d) A-S; B-P; C-S; D-P

Area Under Curves 68. The area of the closed figure bounded by the curves
2 p
y = cos x; y = 1 + x&x= is
Objective Questions I [Only one correct option] p 2
p +4 3p
62. The area bounded by the curve y = 3 + 2 x - x 2 , y = 0 & (a) (b)
4 4
the ordinate at x = 1& x = 4 is
3p + 4 3p - 4
(c) (d)
(a) 25 / 3 (b) 23 / 3 4 4
(c) 19 / 3 (d) none 69. The ratio in which the curve y = x 2 divides the region
63. The area bounded by the curve y = x (1 - ln x) and æpxö

bounded by the curve; y = sin ç ÷ & the x - axis as
è 2 ø
positive x - axis between x = e-1 and x = e is
x varies from 0 to 1 , is
æ e 2 - 4e -2 ö æ e 2 - 5e -2 ö (a) 2 : p (b) 1 : 3
(a) ç ÷ (b) ç ÷
è 5 ø è 4 ø (c) 3 : p (d) 6 - p : p
æ 4e 2 - e -2 ö æ 5e 2 - e-2 ö 3
(c) ç ÷ (d) ç ÷ 70. The area bounded by y = 2 - 2 - x and y = is
5 4 x
è ø è ø
4 + 3ln3 4 - 3ln3
64. The area enclosed by y = x 3 , its normal at 1,1 and x - (a) (b)
2 2
axis is equal to
3 1
(c) + ln3 (d) + ln3
7 9 2 2
(a) (b)
4 4 71. The area of the region enclosed between the curves
7 x 2 + 9 y + 9 = 0 and 5 x 2 + 9 y + 27 = 0 is
5 8
(c) (d)
4 4 (a) 2 (b) 4
65. Area of the region bounded by x = 0, y = 0, x = 2, y = 2, (c) 8 (d) 16

72. Value of the parameter a such that the area bounded by
y £ e x and y ³ ln x , is
y = a 2 x 2 + ax + 1 , co-ordinate axes and the line x = 1 ,
(a) 6 - 4 ln 2 (b) 4 ln 2 - 2 attains it’s least value, is equal to
(c) 2 ln 2 - 4 (d) 6 - 2 ln 2 1 1
(a) - (b) -
4 2
66. The area bounded by the curve y = e x and the lines
3
y = x - 1 , x = 2 is given by (c) - (d) -1
4
(a) e2 + 1 (b) e2 - 1 73. The area enclosed by the curves
æ xp ö
(c) e 2 - 2 (d) none y = 4 - x 2 , y ³ 2 sin ç ÷ and x - axis is divided
è2 2ø
67. The area of the closed figure bounded by the curves
by y - axis in the ratio
y = x , y = 4 - 3x & y = 0 is
p 2 -8 p2 -4
(a) (b)
(a) 4 / 9 (b) 8 / 9 p2 +8 p2 +4
(c) 16 / 9 (d) none p -4 2p 2
(c) (d)
p +4 2p + p 2 - 8

74. The area of the plane figure bounded in first quadrant by

1
y = x1/ 3 ; y = - x 2 + 2 x + 3; y = 2 x - 1 and the axis of (D) The smaller area included (S)
3
ordinates is
between the curves x + y =1
(a) 12 / 55 (b) 55 / 12
(c) 32 / 55 (d) none and x + y = 1 is
The correct matching is :
é pù
75. If f x = sin x" x Î ê0, ú , f (x) + f (p - x) = (a) A-P; B-Q; C-R; D-S
ë 2û
(b) A-Q; B-P; C-R; D-S
æp ù (c) A-P; B-R; C-S; D-P
2" x Î ç , p ú and f ( x ) = f 2p - x "x Î p , 2p ,
è2 û (d) A-P; B-P; C-R; D-S
then the area enclosed by y = f x and x - axis is Using the following passage, solve Q.78 to Q.80
(a) p (b) 2p
Passage
(c) 2 (d) 4
Consider the curve defined implicity by the equation
log x -1 -1
76. The area bounded by curve y = ex log x and y = is – y 2 - 2 yesin x
+ x 2 - 1 + [ x] + e 2sin x
= 0, Where x
ex
denotes the greatest integer function
e2 - 5 e2 + 5 78. The area of the region bounded by the curve between the
(a) (b)
4e 4e lines x = -1 and x = 0 is
e2 5 p
(c) - (d) None of these +1
4 e (a) (b) p - 1
2
Match the Following p
(c) p + 1 (d) -1
Each question has two columns. Four options are given 2
representing matching of elements from Column-I and 79. The area of the region bounded by the curve between the
Column-II. Only one of these four options corresponds lines x = 0 & x = 1 is
corresponding to the correct matching. p p
(a) (b) -1
2 2
77. Column - I Column - II
(A) The area bounded by the curve (P) p
2 (c) +1 (d) p + 1
2
y = x + sin x and its inverse function
80. The Area of the region bounded by the curve between the
between the ordinates x = 0 to x = 2p 1
lines x = 0 & x = is
is 4s Then the value of s is 2
x
(B) The area bounded by y = xe (Q) 1 3 p 3 p
(a) + (b) +
4 6 2 6
and lines x = 1, y = 0 is
3 p 3 p
32 (c) - (d) -
(C) The area bounded by the curves (R) 4 6 2 6
5
y 2 = x 3 and y = 2 x is


Definite Integration 6. Let f (x) = ò
x
2 - t 2 dt. Then the real roots of the equation
1
Objective Questions I [Only one correct option] x 2 - f ' x = 0 are : (2002)
x 1 1
1. Let g(x) = ò f (t) dt, where f is such that £ f (t) £ 1 for (a) ± 1 (b) ±
0 2 2
1
t Î [0, 1] and 0 £ f (t) £ for t Î [1, 2]. Then g(2) satisfies the 1
2 (c) ± (d) 0 and 1
2
inequality. (2000)
7. Let T > 0 be a fixed real number, Suppose f is a continous
3 1 function such that for all x Î R. f (x + T) = f (x). If
(a) - £ g (2) < (b) 0 £ g(2) < 2
2 2 T 3+ 3T
I = ò f (x) dx, then the value of ò f (2x) dx is :
0 3
3
(c) < g ( 2) £ 5 / 2 (d) 2 < g(2) < 4 (2002)
2
(a) 3/2 I (b) I
e2 log e x (c) 3 I (d) 6 I
2. The value of the integral ò dx is : (2000)
e-1 x
1/ 2 æ æ1+ x öö
8. The integral ò -1/ 2 ç [x] + ln ç ÷ ÷ dx equals (2002)
(a) 3/2 (b) 5/2 è è 1- x øø
(c) 3 (d) 5
1
(a) - (b) 0
ìecos x sin x, for | x |£ 2, 2
3. If f (x) = í
î= 2, otherwise
æ1ö
(c) 1 (d) 2ln ç ÷
3 è2ø
then ò f (x)dx, is equal to (2000)
-2
1
(a) 0 (b) 1 9. If I(m, n) = ò t m (1 + t) n dt, then the expression for I(m, n)
0
(c) 2 (d) 3 in terms of I(m +1, n – 1) is : (2003)
p cos 2 x 2n n
4. The value of ò -p dx, a > 0 is : (2001) (a) - I m + 1, n - 1
1+ ax m +1 m +1
(a) p (b) ap
n
(b) I (m + 1, n - 1)
(c) p/2 (d) 2p m +1
x
5. Let f : (0, ¥) ® R and F (x) = ò f (t) dt. If 2n n
0 (c) + I (m + 1, n - 1)
m +1 m +1
F(x2) = x2 (1 + x), then f (4) equals : (2001)
(a) 5/4 (b) 7 m
(d) I (m + 1, n - 1)
m +1
(c) 4 (d) 2


x 2 +1 2
10. If f (x) = ò e - t dt, then f (x) increases in : (2003)
x2 p/ 2 æ p-x ö
2
ò-p/ 2 çè x + log ÷ cos x dx is
p+ x ø
(2012)
(a) (2, 2) (b) no value of x
(c) (0, ¥) (d) (–¥, 0)
p2
(a) 0 (b) -4
1 1- x 2
11. The value of the integral ò dx is (2004)
0 1+ x
p2 p2
(c) +4 (d)
p p 2 2
(a) +1 (b) -1
2 2
é1 ù
(c) – 1 (d) 1 17. Let f : ê ,1ú ® R (the set of all real numbers) be a positive,
ë2 û
t2 2 5 non-constant and differentiable function such that
12. If f (x) is differentiable and ò x f (x) dx = t , then
0 5
æ1ö 1
f (4/25) equals : (2004) f ¢(x) < 2f(x) and f ç ÷ = 1. Then, the value of
è2ø
ò1/ 2 f x dx
(a) 2/5 (b) – 5/2
lies in the interval (2013)
(c) 1 (d) 5/2
(a) (2e – 1, 2e) (b) (e – 1, 2e – 1)
0
13. The value of ò [x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 3 + (x + 1) cos (x+1)] dx is: æ e -1 ö e -1 ö
-2 (c) ç , e - 1÷ (d) æç 0, ÷
(2005) è 2 ø è 2 ø
(a) 0 (b) 3 p
2
(c) 4 (d) 1 17
18. The following integral ò (2cosec x) dx is equal to
p
1 æ 1 ö
14. If ò sin x t 2 f (t) dt = 1 - sin x " x Î (0, p / 2) then f ç ÷
4
è 3ø
(2014)
is : (2005)
log(1+ 2 )
(a) 3 (b) 3 (a) ò 2(eu + e - u )16 du
0
(c) 1/3 (d) none of these

log(1+ 2 )
15. Let f be a non-negative function defined on the interval (b) ò (eu + e -u )17 du
0
x x
[0, 1]. If ò 1 - ( f ´(t )) 2 dt = ò f (t ) dt , 0 £ x £ 1 and f (0) log(1+ 2 )
0 0
(c) ò (eu - e- u )17 du
0
= 0, then (2009)
log(1+ 2 )
æ1ö 1 æ1ö 1 (d) ò 2(eu - e - u )16 du
(a) f ç ÷ < and f ç ÷ > 0
è2ø 2 è 3ø 3
192 x 3 1
19. Let f ¢ x for all xÎR with f æç ö÷ = 0. If
æ1ö 1 æ1ö 1 2 + sin 4 px è2ø
(b) f ç ÷ > and f ç ÷ >
è2ø 2 è3ø 3 1
m£ òf x dx £ M, then the possible values of m and
1 1 1 1 1/2
(c) f æç ö÷ < and f æç ö÷ <
è2ø 2 è 3ø 3 M are (2015)
1 1
æ1ö 1 æ1ö 1 (a) m = 13, M = 24 (b) m = ,M=
(d) f ç ÷ > and f ç ÷ < 4 2
è2ø 2 è3ø 3
(c) m = -11, M = 0 (d) m = 1, M = 12

24. Let f : (0, ¥ ) ® R be given by

p
2
x 2 cos x æ 1ö
20. The value of òp 1+ e x dx is equal to (2016) x -ç t + t ÷ dt
è ø
- f (x) = ò1e . Then (2014)
2 x t
(a) f (x) is monotonically increasing on [1, ¥ )

p2 p2 (b) f (x) is monotonically decreasing on (0, 1)
(a) -2 (b) + 2
4 4
æ1ö
(c) f (x) + f ç ÷ = 0, for all x Î (0, ¥ )
2
p
2
p èxø
2
(c) p - e (d) p + e 2
(d) f (2x) is an odd function of x on R

Objective Questions II [One or more than one correct option] 25. The option(s) with the value of a and L that satisfy the
following equation is(are)
n n -1
n n 4p
21. Let Sn = å 2
k=1 n + kn + k
2
and Tn = å 2
k =0 n + kn + k
2
, for òe
t
sin 6 at + cos 4 at dt
0
p
=L?
t 6 4 (2015)
n = 1, 2, 3, ..., then (2008) ò e sin at + cos at dt
0
p p
(a) S n < (b) S n > e4p +1
e 4p -1
3 3 3 3 (a) a = 2, L = p (b) a = 2, L =
e -1 e p +1
p p
(c) Tn < (d) Tn > e 4p -1 e 4p +1
3 3 3 3 (c) a = 4, L = (d) a = 4, L =
e p -1 e p +1
p sin nx
22. If I n = ò x
- p (1 + p ) sin x
dx , n = 0, 1,2,...., then (2009)
æ æ nö æ nö
x
ön
ç nn x + n ç x + ÷ ... ç x + ÷ ÷
ç è 2 ø è nø ÷ ,
26. Let f ( x) = lim ç
n ®¥ æ 2
ö æ 2
ö÷
10
ç n ! x 2 + n 2 ç x 2 + n ÷ ... ç x 2 + n ÷ ÷÷
(a) In = In + 2 (b) åI
m =1
2 m +1 = 10p ç
è è 4 ø è n2 øø
for all x > 0. Then (2016)

10
æ1ö æ2ö
(c) åI 2m =0 (d) In = In + 1 æ1ö
(a) f ç ÷ ³ f (1) (b) f ç ÷ £ f ç ÷
m =1 è2ø è3ø è3ø
23. For a Î R (the set of all real numbers), a ¹ –1, f '(3) f '(2)
(c) f '(2) £ 0 (d) f (3) ³ f (2)
1a + 2a + ... + n a 1
lim =
n®¥
n +1
a -1
éë na + 1 + na + 2 + ... + na + n ùû 60 k +1 k +1
27. If I = å 98
k =1 òk dx, then (2017)
x(x + 1)
Then, a is equal to (2013)
49 49
(a) 5 (b) 7 (a) I > (b) I <
50 50
-15 -17 (c) I < loge 99 (d) I > loge 99

(c) (d)
2 2


1 + 3 2 + ...... + 3 n
28. For nlim = 54
®¥
7/3
æ 1 1 1 ö 1
n ç
ç na + 1 2
+ 2
+ .... + 2
÷
÷ (5050) ò (1 - x 50 )100 dx
è na +2 na + n ø 0
31. The value of 1 is (2006)
ò (1 - x 50 )101 dx
0
a Î R, |a| > 1, Then possible value(s) of a is/are –
(2019)
1 ì d2 5ü
(a) 8 (b) -9 32. The value of ò 4x 3 í 2 1 - x 2 ý dx is (2014)
0
î dx þ
(c) 7 (d) -6
29. Which of the following inequalities is/are TRUE ? ì x , x£2
33. Let f : R ® R be a function defined by f x = í
(2020) î 0, x > 2
where [x] is the greatest integer less than or equal to x, if
1 1
3 3
(a) ò x cos x dx ³ 8 (b) ò x sin x dx ³ 10 2 xf x 2
0 0
I= ò 2+f dx , then the value of (4I - 1) is
-1 x +1
1
1
1
2 (2015)
2 2
(c) òx cos x dx ³
2 (d) òx sin x dx ³
9 1
0 0 -1 x æ 12 + 9 x 2 ö
34. If a = ò e9 x + 3 tan ç 2 ÷
dx where tan -1 x takes
0 è 1+ x ø
é p pù
30. Let f : ê - , ú ® R be a continuous function such that only principal values, then the value of
ë 2 2û
æ 3p ö
p ç log e |1 + a | - 4 ÷ is (2015)
3 è ø
f(0) = 1 and òf t dt = 0 Then which of the following
0 35. Let f : R ® R be a continuous odd function, which
statements is (are) TRUE ? (2021) 1

vanishes exactly at one point and f (1) = . Suppose that
2
(a) The equation f(x) – 3 cos 3x = 0 has a least one solution
x
æ pö F x = ò f t dt for all x Î [-1, 2] and

in ç 0, ÷ -1
è 3ø
x F x 1
6 G x = òtf f t dt for all x Î [-1, 2]. If lim = ,
(b) The equation f x - 3sin 3x = - has at least one x ®1 G x 14
p -1
æ1ö
æ pö then the value of f ç ÷ is (2015)
solution in ç 0, ÷ 2 è ø
è 3ø
36. The total number of distinct x Î [0, 1] for which
x
x t2
x ò f t dt ò0 1 + t 4 dt = 2x – 1 is (2016)
0
(c) xlim
®0 2
= -1
1 - ex
1
2 1+ 3
37. The value of the integral ò 1
dx is__.
x 0 2 6 4
sin x ò f t dt x +1 1- x
0
(d) xlim = -1
®0 x2
(2018)

p /4 The correct matching is:

2 dx
38. I= ò sin x
then find 27I2 equals
p -p / 4 (1 + e ) (2 - cos 2 x) (a) (A–S; B–S; C–P; D–R)
_____ (2019) (b) (A–Q; B–S; C–P; D–R)
(c) (A–S; B–Q; C–P; D–R)
p /2
3. cos q (d) (A–S; B–R; C–P; D–S)
ò 5
dq equals
0 cos q + sin q 43. List I List II
(2019) P. The number of polynomials f(x) 1. 8
40. Let f : R ® R be a differentiable function such that with non-negative integer
its derivative f ' is continuous and f p = -6 . coefficients of degree £ 2,
satisfying f(0) = 0 and

x
If F : [0, p] ® R is defined by F ( x ) = ò f (t ) dt , and if
0
1
ò f (x) dx
0
= 1, is
p
ò f '( x) + F ( x ) cos x dx = 2 then the value of f 0 is

0
Q. The number of points in the 2. 2
_____. (2020)
interval éë - 13, 13 ùû at which
41. For any real number x, let [x] denote the largest integer
10
é 10x ù f(x) = sin(x2) + cos(x2) attains
less than or equal to x. If I = ò êë ú dx , then the
x +1 û
0 its maximum value is
value of 9I is ___ (2021)
Match the Following 2 3x 2

R. ò-2 (1 + e x ) dx equals 3. 4
Each question has two columns. Four options are given
Column-II. Only one of these four options corresponds
æ 1 ö
corresponding to the correct matching. ç 2 cos 2x log æ 1 + x ö dx ÷
ç ò- 1 ç ÷
è 1- x ø ÷
42. Match the conditions/expressions in Column I with S. è 2 ø equals 4. 0
statement in Column II. (2007) æ 1 1+ x ö ö
ç ò 2 cos 2x log æç ÷ dx ÷
Column–I Column–II ç 0 è 1- x ø ÷
è ø
1 dx 1 æ2ö
(A)
ò -1 1+ x2
(P)
2
log ç ÷
è3ø
(2014)
1 dx æ2ö P Q R S
(B) (Q) 2 logç ÷
ò 0
1- x 2 è3ø (a) 3 2 4 1
p (b) 2 3 4 1
(C)
3 dx (R)
ò 2 1- x
2 3 (c) 3 2 1 4
2 dx p (d) 2 3 1 4
(D)
ò 1
x x 2 -1
(S)
2

Using the following passage, solve Q.44 and 45

æ1ö
47. The value of g ' ç ÷ is
Passage – 1 è 2ø
Read the following passage and answer the questions.

Suppose we define definite integral using formula p
(a) (b) p
2
b
æ b-a ö
ò a
f ( x ) dx = ç
è 2 ø
÷ { f (a ) + f (b)},
for more acurate results for c Î (a, b), p

(c) - (d) 0
2
c-a b-c
F(c) = [ f (a ) - f (c)] + [ f (b) - f (c)]
2 2
Using the following passage, solve Q.48 and 49
a+b
When c =
2 Passage – 3
b b-a
ò a
f ( x )dx =
4
{ f (a) + f (b) + 2 f (c)} dx (2006) Let F : R ® R be a thrice differentiable function.
Suppose that F(1) = 0, F(3) = -4 and F’(x) < 0 for all

p/ 2
44. Good approximation of sin x dx, is
ò 0
æ1 ö
x Î ç , 3 ÷ . Let f (x) = xF(x) for all x Î R . (2015)
(a) p/4 (b) p ( 2 + 1) / 4 è2 ø
(c) p ( 2 + 1) / 8 (d) p/8 48. The correct statement(s) is (are).
t (t - a) (a) f ¢ (1) < 0

ò f (x) dx - { f (t) + f (a)}
a 2 (b) f (2) < 0
45. If lim = 0,
t ®a (t - a)3
(c) f ¢ (x) ¹ 0 for any x Î (1, 3)
then degree of polynomial function f (x) at–most is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (d) f ¢ (x) = 0 for some x Î (1, 3)
(c) 3 (d) 2
3 3
2 3
Using the following passage, solve Q.46 and 47 49. If ò1 x F ¢ x dx = - 12 and ò1 x F ¢¢ x dx = 40, then
Passage – 2 the correct expression(s) is (are)
(a) 9 f ¢ (3) + f ¢ (1) – 32 = 0

1- h
-a a -1
Given that for each a Î (0, 1), hlim
® 0+
òt (1 - t) dt
h 3
(b) ò f x dx = 12
1
exists. Let this limit be g(a). In addition, it is given that the
function g(a) is differentiable on (0,1). (2014)
(c) 9 f ¢ (3) - f ¢ (1) + 32 = 0
æ1ö
46. The value of g ç ÷ is 3
è2ø f x dx = - 12
(d) ò1
(a) p (b) 2p
p p
(c) (d)
2 4

Using the following passage, solve Q.50 and 51 53. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
(a) y1 x £ 1, for all x > 0

Passage – 4
(b) y 2 x £ 0, for all x > 0
é p 3p ù é p 3p ù
Let gi : ê , ú ® R, i = 1, 2, and f : ê 8 , 8 ú ® R be
ë8 8 û ë û 2 2 2 æ 1ö
(c) f x ³ 1 - e - x - x 3 + x 5 , for all x Î ç 0, ÷
functions such that g1 x = 1, g 2 x = 4x - p and 3 5 è 2ø
é p 3p ù 2 3 2 5 1 7 æ 1ö
f x = sin 2 x, for all x Î ê , ú (d) g x £ x - x + x , for all x Î ç 0, ÷
ë8 8 û 3 5 7 è 2ø
3p Text
8
Define Si = òf x .g i x dx, i = 1, 2 (2021)
lnt x
p
8
54. For x > 0, let f(x)=
1+ t ò
dt. Find the function
1
f (x) + f (1 / x) and show that f (e) + f (1 / e) = 1 / 2. Here,

16S1 ln t = loget (2000)
50. The value of is --------.
p
p/3 p + 4x 3
51. The value of
48S2
is --------.
55. Evaluate ò -p / 3 æ pö
dx. (2004)
p2 2 - cos ç | x | + ÷
è 3ø
Using the following passage, solve Q.52 and 53 56. Evaluate
Passage – 5 p æ æ1 ö æ1 öö
ò e |cos x| çç 2 sin ç cos x ÷ + 3 cos ç cos x ÷ ÷÷ sin x dx
0
è è2 ø è2 øø
Let y1 : 0, ¥ ® R, y 2 : 0, ¥ ® R,f : 0, ¥ ® R, and
(2005)
g : 0, ¥ ® R be functions such that f 0 = g 0 = 0,
2 -x
Area Under Curves
y1 x = e- x + x, x ³ 0, y 2 x = x - 2x - 2e + 2,
x
-t 2
x ³ 0, f x = ò t - t2 e dt, x > 0 and 57. The area enclosed by the cuves y = sin x + cos x and
-x
é pù
y = |cos x – sin x| over the interval ê 0, ú is (2013)
x2 ë 2û
g x = ò te - t dt, x > 0 (2021)
0 (a) 4 2 -1 (b) 2 2 2 -1
52. Which of the following statements are TRUE?
(c) 4 2 +1 (d) 2 2 2 +1
1
(a) f ln 3 + g ln 3 =
3 58. Area of the region
(b) For every x > 1, there exists an a Î 1, x such that x, y Î R 2 :y ³ x + 3 ,5y £ x + 9 £ 15 is equal to
y1 x = 1 + ax
(2016)
(c) For every x > 0, there exists a bÎ 0, x such that 1 4
(a) (b)
6 3
y 2 x = 2x y1 b - 1
3 5
3 (c) (d)
(d) f is an increasing function on the interval éê0, ùú 2 3
ë 2û

59. The area of the region {(x, y) : xy £ 8, 1 £ y £ x2} is

1 1
(2019) (a) S ³ (b) S ³ 1 -
e e
7
(a) 16 log2 2 – 6 (b) 8log e 2 - 1æ 1 ö 1 1 æ 1 ö
3 (c) S £ ç1 + ÷ (d) S £ + ç1 - ÷
4è eø 2 eè 2ø
14 14 63. If the line x = a divided the area of region
(c) 16 log e 2 - (d) 8log e 2 -
3 3
R = (x, y) Î R 2 : x 3 £ y £ x, 0 £ x £ 1
60. Let the functions f : R®R and g : R®R be defined by
1 x -1 1- x into two equal parts, then (2017)

f ( x ) = e x -1 - e-| x -1| and g ( x) = (e + e ).
2 1
(a) 0 < a £ (b) 2a4 - 4a2 + 1 = 0
Then the area of the region in the first quadrant bounded 2
by the curves y = f (x), y = g (x) and x = 0 is (2020)
1
1 (c) a4 + 4a2 – 1 = 0 (d) < a <1
1 -1 2
(a) 2 - 3 + e - e -1 (b) 2 + 3 + e - e
2 2
1 -1 1 -1
(c) 2 - 3 + e + e (d) 2 + 3 + e + e
2 2 x2 +
p
6
61. The area of the region 64. Let F x = ò 2cos 2 t dt for all x Î R and
x
ì 9 ü
í x, y : 0 £ x £ , 0 £ y £ 1, x ³ 3y, x + y ³ 2 ý is é 1ù
î 4 þ f : ê 0, ú ® 0, ¥ be a continuous function. For
ë 2û
(2021)
é 1ù
a Îê0, ú , if F¢ (a) + 2 is the area of the region bounded
11 35 ë 2û
(a) (b)
32 96 by x = 0, y = 0, y = f(x) and x = a, then f (0) is
(2015)
37 13
(c) (d) 65. A farmer F1 has a land in the shape of a triangle with
96 32
vertices at P(0, 0), Q(1, 1) and R(2, 0). From this land, a
Objective Questions II [One or more than one correct option] neighbouring farmer F2 takes away the region which lies
between the side PQ and a curve of the form
y = x n n > 1 . If the area of the region taken away by the
2
62. If S be the area of the region enclosed by y = e - x , y = 0,
x = 0 and x = 1. Then, (2012) farmer F2 is exactly 30% of the area of DPQR , then the
value of n is (2018)
AREA UNDER CURVES


Chapter 07 116
1. INTRODUCTION d2y
(ii) 2
= - p 2 y is the differential equation of the
dx
Differential equation constitute a very important part of
mathematics as it has many applications in real life. Various second order because maximum derivative of y
laws of physics are often in the form of equations involving d2 y
rate of change of one quantity with respect to another. w.r.t x is
dx 2
As the mathematical equivalent of a rate is a derivative,
differential equation arise very naturally in real life and 2 3
methods for solving them acquire paramount importance. æ d3y ö æ dy ö
(iii) çç 3 ÷÷ - 3 ç ÷ + 2 = 0 is the differential
è dx ø è dx ø
1.1 Definition
equation of the third order because maximum
An equation involving the dependent variable and
independent variable and also the derivatives of the d3 y
derivative of y w.r.t x is
dependable variable is known as differential equation. dx 3
For example:
2.2 Degree
dy x d2y The degree of a differential equation is the degree of the
(i) = (ii) = -p2 y
dx y1/ 3 (1 + x1/ 3 ) dx 2 highest differential coefficient when the equation has been
made rational and integral as far as the differential
3/ 2
é æ dy ö2 ù d2y 2 coefficients are concerned.
2 æ dy ö 2
(iii) ê1 + ç dx ÷ ú =3 (iv) x ç ÷ = y + 1
ëê è ø ûú dx 2 è dx ø For example:
dy x
Differential equations which involve only one (i) = 1/ 3
independent variable are called ordinary differential dx y (1 + x1/ 3 ) is the differential equation of
equation. first degree, because power of the highest order
2. ORDER AND DEGREE OF DIFFERENTIAL dy

derivative is 1.
EQUATIONS dx
2 3
2.1 Order æ d3y ö æ dy ö
(ii) çç 3 ÷÷ - 3 ç ÷ + 2 = 0 is the differential
è dx ø è dx ø
The order of a differential equation is the order of the
highest derivative involved in the differential equation equation of second degree, because power of
For example: d3 y
highest order deriavative is 2.
dx 3
3 2
(i) æ dy ö æ dy ö
ç ÷ + ç ÷ + 4x = 0 is the differential
è dx ø è dx ø é æ dy ö2 ù
2/3
d2y
equation of the first order because maximum (iii) ê1 + ç ÷ ú =3 is the differential
êë è dx ø úû dx 2
dy
derivative of y with respect to x is equation of third degree, because power of highest
dx

117
Thus if an equation contains n arbitrary constants, the

d2y resulting differential equation obtained by eliminating
order devivative is 3 (after cubing)
dx 2 these constants will be a differential equation of nth order.
Illustration 1: i.e., an equation of the form
Find the order and degree of the following differential æ dy d 2 y dn y ö

f ç x, y, , 2 , ....... n ÷ = 0
equations. è dx dx dx ø
d 2 y 3 dy Illustration 2 :
(i) = +3
dx 2 dx
Find the differential equation of the family of all circles
5/3 which pass through the origin and whose centre lie on y–
4
d 2 y ìï æ dy ö ïü axis
(ii) 2 = í 1 + ç ÷ ý
dx ïî è dx ø þï Sol. Let the equation of the circle be
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
dy
(iii) y = px + a 2 p 2 + b 2 where p = If it passes through (0, 0), then c = 0
dx
\ The equation of circle is x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy = 0
Sol. (i) The given differential equation can be written as
Since the centre of the circle lies on y–axis then g = 0
2 3 2
æ d y ö æ dy ö \ The equation of the circle is
ç 2 ÷ =ç + 3÷
è dx ø è dx ø x2 + y2 + 2fy = 0 ...(i)
This represents family of circles.
Hence order = 2, degree = 3
Differentiating, we get
(ii) The given differential equation can be written as
5 dy dy
3 4 2x + 2 y +2f =0 ...(ii)
æ d 2 y ö é æ dy ö ù dx dx
ç 2 ÷ = ê1 + ç ÷ ú
è dx ø êë è dx ø úû From (i) and (ii), we get
Hence order = 2, degree = 3 dy
or, ( x2 - y2 ) - 2 xy = 0 Which is the required differential
(iii) The given differential equation can be written as dx
2 2 equation.
æ dy ö 2 æ dy ö 2
çy-x ÷ =a ç ÷ +b 4. SOLUTION OF A DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
è dx ø è dx ø
Hence order = 1, degree = 2 The solution of the differential equation is a relation
between the independent and dependent variable free
3. FORMATION OF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL
from derivatives satisfying the given differential equation.
EQUATION
Thus the solution of dy/dx = m could be obtained by
An ordinary differential equation is formed in an attempt simply integrating both sides i.e., y = mx + c, where c is
to eliminate certain arbitrary constants from a relation in arbitrary constant.
the variables and constants. Consider an equation (a) General solution (or complete primitive)
containing n arbitrary constants. Differentiating this The general solution of a differential equation is the
equation n times we get n additional equations relation between the variables (not involving the
containing n arbitrary constants and derivatives. derivatives) which contain the same number of the
Eliminating n arbitrary constants from the above (n + 1) arbitrary constants as the order of the differential
equations, we obtain differential equation involving nth equation.
derivative.

118
Thus the general solution of the differential equation Differentiating (ii), we get
d2y y2 = aex + 4be2x + 9ce–3x

= 4 y is y = A sin2x + B cos2x, where A and B are the
dx 2 \ y2 – y1 = 2be2x + 12ce–3x ...(iv)
–3x
constants. Now, (iv) – 2 (iii) Þ y2 – y1 – 2(y1 –y) = 20ce
(b) Particular solution or Integral or, y2 – 3y1 + 2y = 20ce–3x ...(v)
A solution which is obtained by giving particular values Differentiating, y2 = aex + 4be2x + 9ce–3x, we get
to the arbitrary constants in the general solution is called y3 = aex + 8be2x – 27ce–3x
a particular solution.
Now y3 – 3y2 + 2y1 = – 60ce–3x ...(vi)
Illustration 3: And (vi) + 3(v) Þ y3 – 3y2 + 2y1 + 3(y2 – 3y1 + 2y) = 0
or, y3 – 7y1 + 6y = 0
A
Show that v = + B is the general solution of the second
r d3 y dy
i.e., - 7 + 6 y = 0 , which is the required differential
dx3 dx
d 2 v 2 dv
order differential equation + = 0 , where A and equation
dr 2 r dr
B are arbitrary constant. 5. METHOD OF SOLVING AN EQUATION OF THE
A
FIRST ORDER AND FIRST DEGREE
Sol. Given v = +B
r
A differential equation of the first order and first degree
2
d v 2A can be written in the form
Differentiating twice = ...(i)
dr 2 r 3 dy
= f (x, y)
dx
d 2 v 2 dv 2 A 2 æ A ö 2 A 2 A
From (i) 2 + = + ç- ÷ = - =0
dr r dr r 3 r è r 2 ø r 3 r 3 or, M dx + N dy = 0, where M and N are functions of
x and y
A 5.1 Variable Separation:
Putting A = 4, B = 5 in v = + B we get a particular
r The general form of such an equation is
solution of the differential equation
f(x)dx + f(y)dy = 0 ...(i)
Integrating, we get
d 2 v 2 dv
+ = 0 is v = 4 + 5 .
dr 2 r dr r ò f (x)dx + ò f (y)dy = c which is the solution of (i)
5.2 Solution of differential equation of the type
Illustration 4:
dy
Show that y = ae x + be 2x + ce –3x is a solution of the = f (ax + by + c) :
dx
d3y dy
equation 3
- 7 + 6y = 0
dx dx dy
Consider the differential equation = f (ax + by + c)
Sol. We have dx
y = aex + be2x + ce–3x ...(i) ...(i)
Differentiating, we get Where f(ax + by + c) is some function of ax + by + c.
x 2x
y1 = ae + 2be – 3ce –3x
...(ii) Let z = ax + by + c
2x –3x
\ y1 – y = be – 4ce ...(iii)

119
Illustration 6:
dz dy
\ =a+b
dx dx
dy
Solve, = sin ( x + y ) + cos ( x + y )
dx
dz
-a
dy dx Sol. Let z = x + y
or, =
dx b
dz dy dy dz
\ =1+ Þ = -1
dx dx dx dx
dz
-a dz
From (i) dx = f (z) or, = b f (z) + a dz
b dx - 1 = sin z + cos z
dx
dz dz
or, = dx ...(ii)
b f (z) + a or, dx =
sin z + cos z + 1
In the differential equation (ii), the variables x and z are Integrating, we get
separated.
Integrating, we get dz dt z
ò dx = ò sin z + cos z + 1 = ò t + 1 , putting t = tan 2
dx
ò b f (z) + a = ò dx + c i.e., x + c = log t + 1 This is the required general
solution.
dx 5.3 Solution of differential equation of the type
or, ò b f (z) + a = x + c , where z = ax + by + c
dy a1 x + b1 y + c1 a b c
= , where 1 = 1 ¹ 1
This represents the general solution of the differential dx a2 x + b2 y + c2 a2 b2 c2
equation (i)
Illustration 5: dy a1 x + b1 y + c1 a b c
Here = where 1 = 1 ¹ 1 ...(i)
dx a2 x + b2 y + c2 a2 b2 c2
dy
Solve (x - y)2 = a2
dx a1 b1
Let = = l (say)
Sol. Putting x – y = v a2 b2
dy dv v2 \ a1 = l a2 , b1 = l b2
Þ =1- Þ dx = 2 2 dv , variable have been
dx dx v -a
dy l a2 x + l b2 y + c1
separated From (i), =
dx a2 x + b2 y + c2
v2
Integrating, we get ò dx = ò dv l (a2 x + b2 y ) + c1
v2 - a 2 = ...(ii)
a2 x + b2 y + c2
or,
x-y-a Let z = a2x + b2y
2y + k = a log
x-y+a
dz
-a
\ dz dy dy dx 2 ...(iii)
= a2 + b2 Þ =
dx dx dx b2

120
called a homogeneous differential equation. Such

dz
- a2
l z + c1 x
From (ii) and (iii), we get dx = y
equations are solved by substituting v = or
b2 z + c2 x y and
then seperating the variables.
dz b2 (l z + c1 ) l b z + b2 c1 + a2 z + a2 c2
or, = + a2 = 2
dx z + c2 z + c2 Illustration 7 :
or,
z + c2 dy y(2y - x)
dx = dz , where x and z are Solve = ...(i)
(l b2 + a2 ) z + b2 c1 + a2 c2 dx x(2y + x)
seperated
Sol. Since each of the functions y(2y – x) and x(2y + x) is a
Integrating, we get homogeneous function of degree 2, so the given equation
z + c2 is a homogeneous differential equation.

x+c = ò dz where z = a2x + b2y
(l b2 + a2 ) z + b2 c1 + a2 c2 \ Putting y = vx
dy dv
6. HOMOGENEOUS DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION Differentiating w.r.t x, we get = v+x
dx dx
A function f(x, y) is called homogeneous function of From (i),
degree n if
f(lx, ly) = ln f(x, y) dv vx(2vx - x) v(2v - 1)
v+x = =
For example: dx x(2vx + x) 2v + 1
(a) f(x, y) = x2y2 – xy3 is a homogeneous function of degree
four, since dv dx
Þ 2dv + +2 =0
f(lx, ly) = (l2 x2) (l2 y2) – (lx) (l3 y3)
v x
= l4 (x2y2 – xy3) Integrating, we get
= l4 f(x, y) 2v + log v + log x2 = log k or, xy = ke-2y / x
2 x/ y x3 æyö 6.1 Differential equation reducible to homogeneous forms:

(b) f(x, y) = x e + + y 2 log ç ÷ is a homogeneous
y èxø
function of degree two, since dy ax + by + c a b
Equation of the form = where ¹
dx a ¢x + b¢y + c¢ a ¢ b¢
can be reduced to homogeneous form by changing the
l3 x3 æ ly ö
f (lx, ly) = (l 2 x 2 ) elx / ly + + (l 2 y 2 ) log ç ÷ variables x, y to x ¢, y ¢ by equations x = x ¢ + h and
ly è lx ø
y = y¢ + k where h and k are constants to be chosen so
3
é x æ y öù as to make the given equation homogeneous, we have
= l 2 ê x 2 e x / y + + y 2 log ç ÷ ú
ë y è x øû dx = dx ¢ and dy = dy¢
= l 2 f (x, y) \ The given equation becomes
dy¢ a(x¢ + h) + b(y¢ + k) + c

dy =
A differential equation of the form = f ( x, y ) , where dx ¢ a ¢(x ¢ + h) + b¢(y¢ + k) + c¢
dx
f(x, y) is a homogoneous polynomial of degree zero is

121
ax ¢ + by¢ + (ah + bk + c) NOTES :

=
a ¢x¢ + b¢y¢ + (a ¢ h + b¢ k + c¢)
We remember the solution of the above equation as
Now, we choose h and k so that
y(I.F) = ò Q (I.F) dx + c
ah + bk + c = 0
and a ¢ h + b ¢ k + c¢ = 0 Illustration 8 :
From these equation we get the values of of h and k in

terms of the coefficients. dy
Solve 2x = y + 6x 5 / 2 - 2 x
Then the given equation reduces to dx
Sol. The given equation can be written as
dy¢ ax ¢ + by¢
=
dx ¢ a ¢x ¢ + b¢y¢ dy æ -1 ö 1
+ ç ÷ y = 3x 3/ 2 - ...(i)
dx è 2x ø x
Which is the homogeneous form.
7. LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION dy

This is the form of + Py = Q
dx
A differential equation is said to be linear if the
dependent variable y and its derivative occur in the first 1
ò
-1
dx - log x
2
1
degree. Hence I.F = e 2x = e = ...(ii)
x
dy
An equation of the form + Py = Q ...(i)
dx 3 5/2
From (i) and (ii), we get y = x - x log x + c x
where P and Q are functions of x only or constant is called
2
a linear equation of the first order 7.1 Differential equation reducible to the linear form:
dx Sometimes equations which are not linear can be reduced
Similarly + P x = Q is a linear differential equation
dy to the linear form by suitable transformation.
where P and Q are functions of y only. To get the general
dy
solution of the above equations we shall determine a Here, f ¢ ( y) + f ( y ) P ( x) = Q ( x ) ...(i)
dx
function R of x called Integrating function (I.F). We shall
multiply both sides of the given equation by R Let, f(y) = u Þ f ¢ ( y ) dy = du
\ where, R = e ò
P dx
...(ii) Then (i) reduces to
= I.F
From (i) and (ii), we get du
+ u P ( x) = Q ( x) Which is of the linear differential
dx
dy
eò + P y e ò = Q.e ò
P dx P dx P dx
. or, equation form.
dx
Illustration 9:
d æ ò P dx ö ò P dx
ç ye ÷ = Q.e 2
dx è ø Solve sec q dq + tan q (1 - r tan q ) dr = 0
Integrating, we get Sol. The given equation can be written as
yeò
P dx
= ò Q.e ò
P dx
dx + c is the required solution. dq tan q r tan 2 q
+ 2
=
dr sec q sec 2 q

122
æ sec 2 q ö dq 1 1 dy -1 dv
ç ÷ + =r or, =
or, 2
q
n
y dx n - 1 dx
è tan q ø dr tan
the equation becomes
2 dq
or, cos ec q + cot q = r ...(i)
dr dv
+ (1 - n) Pv = Q (1 - n )
dx
Let cot q = u
Which is a linear equation with v as independent variable.
Þ - cos ec 2q dq = du
8. EXACT DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
Then (i) reduces to
A differential equation is said to be exact if it can be
du du
- +u = r or, - u = -r ...(ii) derived from its solution (primitive) directly by
dr dr
differentiation, without any elimination, multiplication etc.
Which is a linear differential equation.
For example, the differential equation x dy + y dx = 0 is an
I . F = eò
-1 dr
So, = e- r ...(iii)
exact differential equation as it is derived by direct
Form (ii) and (iii), we get differentiation for its solution, the function xy = c
u e - r = - ò re - r dr = re - r + ò e - r dr , by parts Illustration 10 :
= re- r - e- r + c or u = r - 1 + cer Solve (1 + xy) y dx + (1 – xy) x dy = 0

r
cot q = r - 1 + ce Sol. The given equation can be written as
7.2 Extended form of linear equations : y dx + xy2 dx + x dy – x2y dy = 0
Bernoulli’s equation:
or, (y dx + x dy) + xy (y dx – x dy) = 0
dy or, d (xy) + xy (y dx – x dy) = 0

An equation of the form + P y = Q y n , where P and
dx Dividing by x2y2, we get
Q are function of x alone or constants and n is constant,
other than 0 and 1, is called a Bernoulli’s equation. d ( xy ) y dx - x dy
+ =0 or,
x2 y2 xy
dy
Here + P y = Q yn
dx
Dividing by yn, we get d ( xy ) dx dy
+ - =0
x2 y2 x y
1 dy 1
n
+ P . n -1 = Q
y dx y Integrating, we get
1
Putting = v and differentiating w.r.t x, 1
y n -1 - + log x - log y = c
xy
(n - 1) dy dv
we get - = Which is the required solution.
y n dx dx

123
9. APPLICATION OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS PG y

From D PGN cos q = =
PN PN
In solving some geometrical problems, the following
results are very helpful. Þ PN = y secq (length of the normal)
2
æ dy ö
= y 1 + tan q = y 1 + ç ÷
2
è dx ø
GN
tan q =
y
dy
Þ GN = y tan q = y (length of the sub normal)
dx
Let PT and PN be the tangent and the normal at P(x, y).
Let the tangent at P makes an angle q with the x-axis. Illustration 11 :
æ dy ö If the length of the sub-normal at any point P on the

Then the slope of the tangent at P = tan q = ç ÷ and
è dx ø P curve is directly proportional to OP2, where O is
the origin, then form the differential equation of the family
1 of curves and hence find the family of curves.
the slope of the normal at P = - .
æ dy ö
ç ÷ dy
è dx ø p Sol. Here AB = y tanq = y
dx
Equation of the tangent at P(x, y) is
æ dy ö
Y - y = ç ÷ ( X - x)
è dx ø P
Equation of the normal at P(x, y) is
1
Y-y=- ( X - x)
æ dy ö
ç ÷
è dx ø P
PG y Also OP2 = x2 + y2
From D PGT sin q = =
PT PT Given, length of the subnormal = k. OP2
\ PT = y cosecq (lenght of the tangent) dy
or, y = k ( x2 + y2 )
dx
2
æ dy ö
1+ ç ÷
2
1 + tan q è dx ø dy
=y =y or, 2y - 2ky 2 = 2kx 2 ...(i)
tan q dy dx
dx
dy dt
Let y2 = t Þ 2 y = ...(ii)
dx dx
PG y
And, tan q = =
TG TG dt
From (i) and (ii), we get - 2kt = 2kx 2
dx
y
Þ TG = y cotq (length of the sub tangent) = Which is a linear differential equation.
dy
dx

124
I . F = eò
-2 k dx dy dy
\ = e-2 kx Integrating, = f ( x) dx + c1 i.e. = F ( x) + c1 ... (ii)
dx ò dx
\ The solution is
Where F ( x) = ò f ( x) dx
t . e -2 kx = ò 2 kx 2 e -2 kx dx + c
From (ii), dy = ò F ( x ) dx + c1dx
é e-2 kx 2 ù
= 2k ê x 2 + òx e
-2 kx
dx ú
ë -2 k 2 k û Integrating, y = ò F ( x )dx + c1 x + c2
é e -2 kx 1 ì e-2 kx 1 üù \ y = H(x) + c1x + c2

= 2k ê x 2 + íx + ò e -2kx dx ý ú
ëê -2k k î -2k 2k þ ûú where H ( x ) = ò F ( x ) dx c1 and c2 are arbitrary constants.
x e -2 kx 1 e -2 kx
= - x 2 e -2 kx - - + c or,, 10.2 Particular solution type problems
k k 2k
To solve such a problem, we proceed according to the
x 1
y 2 = - x2 - - 2 + c e2 kx type of the problem (i.e. variable - separable, linear, exact,
k 2k homogeneous etc.) and then we apply the given
conditions to find the particular values of the arbitrary
10. MISCELLANEOUS constants.
10.1 A special type of second order differential equation
d2 y
= f ( x) ..... (1)
dx 2
Equation (1) may be re-written as
d æ dy ö æ dy ö
ç ÷ = f ( x) Þ d ç ÷ = f ( x) dx
dx è dx ø è dx ø

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 125
SOLVED EXAMPLES
Find the order and degree of the differential equation The differential equation for the family of curves
2/ 3
x2 + y2 –2ay = 0, where a is an arbitrary constant, is
é æ dy ö 2 ù d2 y
ê4 + ç ÷ ú = (a) 2 (x2 – y2) y’ = xy (b) 2(x2 + y2) y’ = xy
êë è dx ø úû dx 2
(c) (x2 – y2) y’ = 2xy (d) (x2 + y2) y’ = 2xy
Sol. Here power on the differential coefficient is fractional, Ans: (c)
therefore change it into positive integer, so
Sol: Given family of curve is x 2 + y 2 - 2ay = 0 ...(i)
2/ 3
é æ dy ö2 ù d2 y
ê4 + ç ÷ ú = x2 + y 2
dx 2 Þ 2a =
ëê è dx ø ûú y
2
é æ dy ö2 ù éd2yù
3 Also from (i), 2 x + 2 yy ¢ - 2ay ¢ = 0
Þ ê4 + ç ÷ ú = ê 2 ú
ëê è dx ø ûú ë dx û
æ x2 + y 2 ö
Þ 2 x + 2 yy ¢ - ç ÷ y¢ = 0
Hence order is 2 and degree is 3. è y ø
Example – 2
æ 2 y2 - x2 - y2 ö 2 2
Þ 2x + y¢ç ÷ = 0 Þ y ¢ x - y = 2 xy
Find the degree of the differential equation è y ø
d2 y dy
- -3 = x Example – 4
dx 2 dx
If the differential equation representing the family of all
d2y dy circles touching x-axis at the origin is
Sol. 2
- -3 = x
dx dx
dy
x 2 - y2 = g(x) y, then g(x) equals:
dx
d2y dy
Þ -x= -3
dx 2 dx 1
(a) x (b) 2x2
Squaring both sides, we get 2
2 1 2
æ d2 y ö æ dy ö (c) 2x (d) x
ç 2 - x ÷ = ç - 3÷ 2
è dx ø è dx ø
Ans: (c)
2
æ d2 y ö 2 d 2 y dy
Þ ç 2 ÷ + x - 2x 2 = -3.
è dx ø dx dx
Clearly, degree = 2.

Example – 5
Find the differential equation for all the straight lines

which are at a unit distance from the origin
Sol. Since the equation of lines whose distance from origin is
unit, is given by x cos a + y sin a = 1 ... (i)
Sol:
dy
Differentiate w.r.t. x, we get cos a + sin a = 0 ... (ii)
dx
Center of circle = 0, α On eliminating the ‘a’ with the help of (i) and (ii) i.e.,
(i) –(x × (ii))
and radius = |a|
Equation of circle : æ dy ö æ dy ö
Þ sin a ç y - x ÷ = 1Þ ç y - x ÷ = cosec a ... (iii)
è dx ø è dx ø
2 2 2
x + ( y -a ) = a
2
dy æ dy ö
Þ x 2 + y 2 - 2a y = 0 ....(1) Also (ii) Þ = - cot a Þ ç ÷ = cot 2 a ... (iv)
dx è dx ø
Differentiate w.r.t.x
2 2
æ dy ö æ dy ö
dy dy Therefore by (iii) and (iv), 1 + ç ÷ = ç y - x ÷ .
2 x + 2 y - 2a =0 è dx ø è dx ø
dx dx
Example – 6
dy
x+ y Form the differential equation represented by family of
Þa = dx
dy curves y = ex (A cos x + B sin x).
dx Sol. Given y = ex A cos x + ex B sin x
put in (1) dy
= Ae x cos x – Aex sin x + Bex sin x + Bex cos x
dx
æ dy ö dy
2 2
ç x + y dx ÷ = (A + B) ex cos x + (B – A)ex sin x
x + y - 2y ç ÷=0 dx
çç dy ÷÷
è dx ø
d2 y
= (A + B)ex cos x – ex sin x (A + B) +
dx 2
dy dy
Þ x2 + y 2 - 2 xy - 2 y 2 =0 (B – A)ex sin x + (B – A)ex cos x
dx dx
d2 y
dy 2
= 2 Be x cos x - 2Ae x sin x.
Þ x2 - y 2 = 2 xy dx
dx
Þ g ( x) = 2 x
d2 y dy
Hence = 2 - 2y .
dx 2 dx

Find the solution of the differential equation Find the solution of the differential equation
(sin x + cos x) dy + (cos x – sin x) dx = 0
(1 + x2) (1 + y) dy + (1 + x) (1 + y2) dx = 0
dy cos x - sin x æ cos x - sin x ö Sol. Given equation (1 + x2) (1 + y)dy + (1 + x) (1 + y2) dx=0
Sol. =- Þ dy = - ç ÷ dx
dx sin x + cos x è sin x + cos x ø
(1 + y) (1 + x)
Þ 2
dy = - dx
On integrating both sides, we get (1 + y ) (1 + x 2 )
Þ y = –log (sin x + cos x) + log c
é 1 y ù é 1 x ù
æ c ö Þ ò êë1 + y + ú dy + ò ê + dx + c = 0
x 2 úû
y
Þ y = log ç ÷ Þ e (sin x + cos x) = c.
2
1 + y2 û ë 1 + x 2
1 +
è sin x + cos x ø
Example – 8 1 1
Þ tan -1 y + log (1 + y 2 ) + tan -1 x + log (1 + x 2 ) = c .
2 2
dy
Find the solution of differential equation x + y = y2 Example – 11
dx
Find the solution of the differential equation

dy dy
Sol. x + y = y2 Þ x = y2 - y
dx dx dy
a+x + xy = 0 is
dx
dy dx é 1 1ù dx
Þ =
2
Þê - ú dy =
y -y x ë y -1 y û x dy xy dy - xdx
Sol. Given + =0Þ =
dx a+x y a+x
On integrating, we get
log (y – 1) – log y = log x + log c
dy -x
Integrating both sides, ò = dx
y ò x+a
y -1
Þ = xc Þ y = 1 + cxy .
y
x +a -a a
log y = - ò dx = - ò x + a dx + ò dx
Example – 9 x +a x+a
3
dy 1 - y2 2
Find the solution of the equation + =0 Þ log y = - x+a 2 + 2a x + a + log A
dx 1- x2 3
dy 1 - y2 dy dx æ - ( x + a) ö
Sol. + = 0Þ ò = -ò = 2 x+a ç + a ÷ + log A
dx 1- x 2
1- y 2
1- x2 è 3 ø
Þ sin–1 y = – sin–1x + sin–1c æ 2a - x ö

= 2 x+a ç ÷ + log A
è 3 ø
Þ sin -1 éê x 1 - y 2 + y 1 - x 2 ùú = sin -1 c
ë û
[2 / 3 x + a (2a - x )]
Þ y = Ae .
Þ x 1 - y2 + y 1 - x 2 = c

Find the solution of (x + y – 1)dx + (2x + 2y – 3)dy = 0

dy x + y
Find the solution of the equation =
dy æ x + y -1 ö dx x - y
Sol. Given equation is = -ç ÷
dx è 2x + 2y - 3 ø
dy x + y
Sol. Given equation, =
dy dt dx x - y
Put x + y = t Þ = -1
dx dx
It is a homogeneous equation as f l x, l y = f x, y so
dt 1- t dt t-2 putting y = vx
\ -1 = Þ =
dx 2t - 3 dx 2t - 3
dy dv
Þ = v + x , we get
2t - 3 dx dx
Þ dt = dx.
t -2
dv x + vx 1 + v
Integrating both sides, we get v+x = =
dx x - vx 1 - v
2t - 4 3-4
ò dt - ò dt = ò 1dx dv 1 + v 2
t-2 t-2 Þ x =
dx 1 - v
Þ 2t + log (t – 2) = x + c
Substituting t = x + y, we get, 1 æ 1 v ö
Þ dx = ç 2
- 2 ÷ dv
Þ 2(x + y) + log (x + y – 2) = x + c x è 1+ v 1+ v ø
Þ 2y + x + log (x + y – 2) = c.
1
Þ log e x = tan -1 v - log (1 + v 2 ) - log e c
Example – 13 2
Find the solution of the differential equation y

Substituting v = , we get
dy x
(x + y)2 = a2
dx
y 1 é æ y ö2 ù
log e x = tan -1 - log ê1 + ç ÷ ú - log e c
dy dv dy dv x 2 êë è x ø úû
Sol. Put x + y = v Þ 1 + = Þ = -1
dx dx dx dx
tan -1 (y / x )
Þ c(x2 + y2)1/2 = e .
æ dv ö
\ v 2 ç - 1÷ = a 2
è dx ø Example – 15
dv a 2 a 2 + v2 v2 Find the solution of the differential equation

Þ = 2 +1 = Þ dv = dx
dx v v2 a 2 + v2 dy
x+y = 2y is
dx
æ a2 ö v
Þ ç1 - 2 2 ÷
dv = dx Þ v - a tan -1 = x + c
è a +v ø a dy x dy
Sol. Given x + y = 2y Þ + =2
dx y dx
Substituting v = x + y, we get,
dy dv
æ x+yö Put y = vx Þ = v+x
Þ y = a tan -1 ç ÷+c dx dx
è a ø
1 dv dv 2v - 1
\ + v+x = 2Þ v + x. =
v dx dx v

Integrating both sides,

v dx v -1+1 dx
Þ 2
dv = - Þ 2
dv = -
(v - 1) x (v - 1) x log X = log t -1/ 2 + log c
\ X = t–1/2 c Þ X = (v2 – v + 1)–1/2 . c

é 1 1 ù dx
ê + 2 ú
dv = - X2 (v2 – v + 1) = constant
ë (v - 1) (v - 1) û x
Y y +1
Integrating both sides, Plugging X = x + 1, v = = , we get
X x +1
1
Þ log (v - 1) - = - log x + c æ (y + 1) 2 (y + 1) ö
v -1 (x + 1)2 ç - + 1÷ = constant
2
è (x + 1) x +1 ø
y Þ log ( y - x) = x + c
Substituting v = y-x
(y + 1)2 – (y + 1) (x + 1) + (x + 1)2 = constant
x
y2 + x2 – xy + x + y = c.
Example – 16
Example – 17
Find the general solution of the differential equation
dy -1
(2x – y + 1)dx + (2y – x + 1)dy = 0 Solve the differential equation (1 + x2) + y = e tan x .
dx
Sol. (2x – y + 1)dx + (2y – x + 1)dy = 0
dy -1
dy 2x - y + 1 Sol. Given differential equation is (1 + x 2 ) + y = e tan x
= , put x = X + h, y = Y + k dx
dx x - 2y - 1
Dividing throughout by 1 + x2, we get
dY 2X - Y + 2h - k + 1
= dy 1 1 tan-1 x
dX X - 2Y + h - 2k - 1 + y= e ,
2
dx 1 + x 1+ x2
Put 2h – k + 1 = 0 and h – 2k – 1 = 0
On solving h = –1, k = –1; dy
which is of the form + Py = Q .
So, X = x + 1, Y = y + 1 dx
dY 2X - Y 1 1 -1
\ = Here, P = 2
and Q = 2
e tan x .
dX X - 2Y 1+ x 1+ x
So, the given differential equation is linear in y.
dY dv
Put Y = vX; Þ = v+X 1
dX dX ò 2 dx -1 x
I .F . = e ò
P dx
= e 1+ x = e tan
dv 2X - vX 2 - v
v+X = = -1
dX X - 2vX 1 - 2v -1 x -1 x e tan x
\ Solution is given by ye tan = ò e tan . dx + C
1+ x2
dv 2 - 2v + 2v 2 2 (v 2 - v + 1)
X = = 1
dX 1 - 2v 1 - 2v On R.H.S., substitute tan -1 x = t Þ dx = dt
1 + x2
dX (1 - 2v) -1 x
\ = dv So, we obtain ye tan = ò e t e t dt + C
X 2(v 2 - v + 1)
Put v2 – v + 1 = t Þ (2v – 1) dv = dt -1 x
Þ ye tan = ò e 2t dt + C
dX dt
\ =-
X 2t -1 x e 2t
Þ ye tan = +C
2

The given equation becomes

tan -1 x 1 -1
Þ ye = e 2 tan x + C
2 1 æ dz ö 1 dz 5
- ç ÷ + z = x 2 or - z = -5x 2 ,
5 è dx ø x dx x
1 tan -1 x -1
or y= e + Ce - tan x , C being an arbitrary constant.
2
5
which is linear in z with P = - and Q = –5x2.
Example – 18 x
5
ò - x dx
I.F. = e ò
P dx
dy =e = e -5 log x = (elog x )-5 = x -5
Solve - 2 y cos x = –2 sin 2 x.
dx
Hence, the solution of the transformed equation is given
by
dy
Sol. Given - 2 cos x . y = – 2 sin 2x. ... (1)
dx zx -5 = ò x -5 ( -5x 2 )dx + C or
It is a linear in y with ‘P’ = –2 cos x and ‘Q’ = –2 sin 2x.
y–5 x–5 = –5 òx
-3
dx + C Q z = y -5
æ ò Pdx ö
I.F. = e ò = e -2 sin x , çèQ I.F. = e
-2 cos x dx
÷
ø
1 æ x -2 ö
or = - 5 ç ÷+C
\ Solution of (1) is (xy)5 è -2 ø
y.e -2 sin x = ò -2 sin 2x.e -2 sin x dx + C
1 5 3
or 5
= x + Cx 5 ,
-2 sin x y 2
= –4 òe sin x cos x dx + C,
which is the required solution of the given differential
1 equation.
On R.H.S. put – 2 sin x = t Þ cos x dx = - dt
2
Example – 20
æ t öæ 1 ö
\ ye-2 sin x = -4 ò e t ç - ÷ ç - dt ÷ + C Solve the differential equation
è 2øè 2 ø
dy
sec2 y + 2x tan y = x 3
= - ò t e t dt + C = - te t - ò 1.e t dt + C dx
= – (tet – et) + C = – (–2 sin x – 1) e–2 sin x + C dy

Sol. Given sec2 y . + 2x tan y = x 3 ... (1)
Þ y = 2 sin x + 1 + C . e2 sin x. dx
Example – 19
dy dz
Put tan y = z Þ sec 2 y = ,
dx dx
dy 1
Solve the equation + y = x 2 y6 , x > 0
dx x dz
\ (1) becomes + 2x.z = x 3 ... (2)
dx
dy 1
Sol. Given equation is + y = x 2 y6 , which is linear in z with ‘P’ = 2x.
dx x
2
I.F. = e ò
2xdx
dividing throughout by y6, = ex ,
dy 1 -5 \ solution of (2) is given by

we get y -6 + y = x 2 ... (1)
dx x 2 2
ze x = ò x 3 .e x dx + C ,
–5
Substitute y = z
dy dz dy 1 dz æ 2 1 ö
Þ -5 y -6 = Þ y -6 =- ç put x = t Þ x dx = dt ÷
dx dx dx 5 dx è 2 ø

Example – 23
t1 1
= ò t.e . dt + C = te t - ò 1.e t dt + C
2 2 Find the equation of a curve passing through the point
(0, –2) given that at any point (x, y) on the curve the
1 t 1 2 product of the slope of its tangent and y coordinate of
= (te - e t ) + C = (x 2 - 1) e x + C the point is equal to the x coordinate of the point.
2 2
dy
1 2
Sol. We are given that y =x ... (1)
\ z = (x 2 - 1) + C.e- x dx
2
Þ y dy = x dx, integrating, we obtain
\ Solution of (1) is tan y =

1 2 2
(x - 1) + Ce - x . y2 x 2
= +C ... (2)
2 2 2
Since (0, –2) lies on this curve, therefore,
Example – 21
(-2) 2 4
Find the solution of (1 + xy)y dx + (1 – xy)x dy = 0 is = 0+C Þ C = = 2
2 2
Sol. ydx + xdy + xy2 dx – x2 ydy = 0
Substituting this value of C in (2), we obtain the required
equation of the curve as
ydx + xdy dx dy
+ - = 0 . On integrating, we get
x 2 y2 x y y2 x 2
= +2 or x2 – y2 + 4 = 0.
2 2
d xy dx dy Example – 24
Þ 2 2
+ - =0
x y x y
If the slope of the tangent at (x, y) to a curve passing
1 x 1 æ pö y 2æ yö
Þ- + log x - log y = k Þ log = + k . through ç1, ÷ is given by - cos ç ÷ , then find the
xy y xy è 4ø x èxø
equation of the curve is
Example – 22
dy y æyö
Sol. We have = - cos 2 ç ÷
Find the solution of ye–x/y dx – (xe–x/y + y3) dy = 0 dx x èxø
Sol. ye–x/y dx – (xe–x/y + y3) dy = 0 dy dv

Putting y = vx so that = v + x , we get
dx dx
-x / y (ydx - xdy)
e–x/y (ydx – xdy) = y3 dy Þ e = ydy
y2 dv
v+x = v - cos2 v
dx
æxö
Þ e - x / y d ç ÷ = ydy . dv dx
èyø Þ =-
cos 2 v x
Integrating both sides, we get On integrating, we get
tan v = – log x + log c
y2
k - e- x/ y =
2 æyö
Þ tan ç ÷ = - log x + log c
èxø
y2
Þ + e- x / y = k
2

æ pö dp (t ) P(t ) - 900
This passes through ç1, ÷ , therefore 1 = log c =
è 4ø dt 2
or log c = log e d ( p (t ))
\ 2ò = dt
p(t ) - 900 ò
æ yö é æ e öù
Þ tan ç ÷ = - log x + loge Þ y = x tan -1 êlog ç ÷ú .
èxø ë è x øû
\ 2ln p(t ) - 900 = t + c
Example – 25 putting t = 0
The population p(t) at time t of a certain mouse species Þ 2 ln 50 = c
dp t \ 2ln p(t ) - 900 = t + 2ln 50

satisfies the differential equation = 0.5 p(t) – 450. If
dt
p(t ) = 0
p(0) = 850, then the time at which the population becomes
zero is Þ 2ln900 = t + 2ln 50
(a) 2 log 18 (b) log 9
t = 2(ln 900 - ln 50)
1
(c) log 18 (d) log 18
2 æ 900 ö
Þ t = 2 ln ç ÷
è 50 ø
Ans: (a)
Þ t Þ 2 ln18
dp (t ) 1
Sol: = p(t ) - 450
dt 2


Order and degree of Differential Equation The formation of differential equations
1. The order and degree of the following differential equation 5. The differential equation which represents the family of
c x
2 3 curves y = c1e 2 , where c1 and c2 are arbitrary constants
æ d 2s ö æ ds ö
çç 2 ÷÷ + 3 ç ÷ + 4 = 0 are is
è dt ø è dt ø
(a) y’ = y2 (b) y’’ = y’ y
(a) 2, 2 (b) 2, 3
(c) yy’’ = y’ (d) yy’’ = (y’)2
(c) 3, 2 (d) none of these
6. The differential equation of all circles passing through the
2. The degree of the differential equation origin and having their centres on the x-axis is
2
æ d 2 y ö æ dy ö2 æ d2 y ö 2 2 dy 2 2 dy
çç 2 ÷÷ + ç ÷ = x sin çç 2 ÷÷ is (a) x = y + xy (b) x = y + 3xy
è dx ø è dx ø è dx ø dx dx
(a) 1 (b) 2 2 2 dy 2 2 dy
(c) y = x + 2 xy (d) y = x - 2 xy
(c) 3 (d) none of these dx dx
3. Which of the following differential equations has the 7. The differential equation of all non-vertical lines in a plane
same order and degree- is
6
d4 y æ dy ö d2 y d2 x
(a) + 8 ç ÷ + 5y = ex (a) =0 (b) =0
dx 4 è dx ø dx 2 dy 2
dy dx
(c) =0 (d) =0
æd yö 3 4 2 dx dy
æ dy ö
(b) 5 ç 3 ÷ + 8 ç1 + ÷ + 5y = x8
è dx ø è dx ø
8. Form the differential equation representing the family of
curves y = A cos 2x + B sin 2x, where A and B are constants.
2/ 3 d2y d2y
é æ dy ö3 ù d3 y (a) + 4y = 0 (b) - 4y = 0
(c) ê1 + ç ÷ ú =4 3 dx 2 dx 2
ëê è dx ø ûú dx
dy dy
(c) y. + 4x = 0 (d) + 4x = 0
dx dx
2
dy æ dy ö -1
(d) y = x2 + 1+ ç ÷ 9. The differential equation from y = kesin x
+ 3 is
dx è dx ø
4. The degree of the differential equation corresponding to 2 dy 2 dy

(a) 1 - x = y+3 (b) 1 - x = y-3
dx dx
the family of curves y = a (x + a)2, where a is an arbitrary
constant, is
2 dy
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 1 + x = y +3 (d) none of these
dx
(c) 3 (d) none of these

Variable separable method

dy e x (sin 2 x  sin 2x)
16. The solution of  is-
10. The general solution of the differential equation dx y (2 log y  1)
(1 + y2) dx + (1 + x2) dy = 0 is (a) y2 (log y) – ex sin2 x + c = 0
(a) x – y = C (1 – xy) (b) x – y = C (1 + xy) (b) y2 (log y) – ex cos2 x + c = 0
(c) x + y = C (1 – xy) (d) x + y = C (1 + xy) (c) y2 (log y) + ex cos2 x + c = 0
(d) None of these
dy 1  x 2
11. The solution of the differential equation  0 17. The solution of (cosec x log y)dy + (x2y)dx=0 is -
dx x
is log y
(a) + (2 – x2) cos x + 2 sin x = c
2
1 1 x2
(a) y   tan x  c (b) y  log x  c0
2 2 2
 log y 
(b)   + (2 – x2) cos x + 2x sin x = c
 2 
1 1 x2
(c) y  tan x  c (d) y  log x  c
2 2
(log y) 2
(c) + (2 – x2) cos x + 2x sin x=c
12. The general solution of the differential equation 2
dy (d) None of these
e x
 e x  dx  e x

 e x is
18. The solution of the differential equation
x –x x –x
(a) y = log |e + e | + c (b) y = log |e – e | – c
dy (1  y 2 )(1  x  x 2 )
x
(c) y = – log |e – e | + c –x
(d) none of these xy  is -
dx (1  x 2 )
dy
13. The solution of = 1 +x + y + xy is 1
dx (a) log (1 + y2) = log x – tan–1 x + c
2
x3
(a) log (1 – y) = x + +C 1
2 (b) log (1 + y2) = log x + tan–1x + c
2
x2 (c) log (1 + y2) = log x – tan–1x + c
(b) log (1 + y) = x + +C
2 (d) log (1 + y2) = log x + tan–1 x + c
19. The solution of
x2
(c) log (1 + y) = x – –C
2 (x 1  y 2 )dx + (y 1  x 2 )dy = 0 is -
(d) none of these
(a) 1  x 2  1  y2 = c
dy 1  x  y
14. The solution of the equation  is :
dx  y  1 x (b) 1  x 2  1  y2 = c
(c) (1 + x2)3/2 + (1 + y2)3/2 = c

x (d) None of these
(a) log xy + x + y = c (d) log   + x – y = c
y
20. The Solution of the equation
(c) log xy + x – y = c (d) none of these (1– x2) dy + xy dx = xy2 dx is-
15. The solution of the differential equation (a) (y – 1)2 (1 – x2) = 0
cos y log (sec x + tan x) dx = cos x log (sec y + tan y ) dy is (b) (y – 1)2 (1 – x2) = c2 y2
(a) sec2 x + sec2 y = c (b) sec x + sec y = c (c) (y – 1)2 (1 + x2) = c2 y2
(c) sec x – sec y = c (d) None of these (d) None of these

dy Linear differential equation

21. The solution of differential equation = sec (x + y) is
dx
26. The solution of differential equation
x+y x+y
(a) y - tan =c (b) y + tan =c dy 1
2 2 (x2 –1) + 2 xy = 2 is
dx x -1
x+y
(c) y + 2 tan =c (d) none of these 1 x -1
2 2
(a) y x - 1 = log +C
2 x +1
Homogeneous differential equation
2 1 x -1
22. The solution of the differential equation (b) y x + 1 = log -C
2 x +1
dy x + y
= 5 x -1
dx x 2
(c) y x - 1 = log +C
2 x +1
satisfying the condition y (1) = 1 is
(d) none of these
(a) y = x log x + x (b) y = log x + x
(c) y = x log x + x2 (d) y = xe(x – 1) 27. The general solution of the differential equation,
æ dy ö
dy sin 2x ç - tan x ÷ - y = 0, is:
23. If x = y (log y – log x + 1), then the solution of the è dx ø
dx
equation is
(a) y tan x = x + c (b) y cot x = tan x + c
æxö æ yö
(a) log ç ÷ = cy (b) log ç ÷ = cx (c) y tan x = cot x + c (d) y cot x = x + c
èyø èxø
28. If f (x) is a differentiable function, then the solution of the
æ yö æxö differential equation
(c) x log ç ÷ = cy (d) y log ç ÷ = cx
èxø èyø
dy + yf ' x - f x f ' x dx = 0 is
24. The solution of differential equation
x2 y dx – (x3 + y3) dy = 0 is (a) y = f x - 1 + ce
-f x
(b) yf x = f x
2
+c
1 x3 1 x3
(a) + log y = C (b) - log y = C (c) ye f x = f x ef x + c (d) none of these
3 y3 3 y3
x3 æ 1ö
(c) + log y = -C (d) none of these 29. Consider the differential equation y 2 dx + ç x - ÷ dy = 0 .
y3 è yø
If y (1) = 1, then x is given by
dy x + 2y - 3
25. The solution of Differential equation = is
dx 2x + y - 3 1 e1/ y 2 e1/ y
(a) 1 - + (b) 4 - -
y e y e
1/2 1/ 2
æ y -1ö æ y -1ö
(x -1) ç1+ ÷ ç1 + ÷ 1 e1/ y 1 e1/ y
è x -1ø x -1ø
(a) 3/2
=C (b) è 3/ 2
=C (c) 3 - +
y e
(d) 1 + -
y e
æ y -1ö æ y -1ö
ç1- ÷ ç1 - ÷
è x -1ø è x -1ø 30. The solution of the differential equation
-1 y dy
æ y -1ö
1/2 (1 + y 2 ) + (x - e tan ) = 0, is
ç1+ ÷ dx
è x -1ø =C
(c) 3/2 (d) none of these -1 y -1 y -1 y
æ y -1ö (a) (x - 2) = ce-2 tan (b) 2xe tan = e2 tan +c
(x -1) ç1- ÷
è x -1ø
-1 y -1 y -1 y
(c) xe tan = tan -1 y + c (d) xe 2 tan = e tan +c

31. The solution of differential equation 37. The general solution of the differential equation
y(x2y + ex) dx – ex dy = 0 is
dy
(2x – 10 y3) + y = 0 is : (a) x3y – 3ex = cy (b) x3y + 3ex = 3cy
dx
(c) y3x – 3ey = cx (d) y3x + 3ey = cx
(a) xy2 = y5 + c (b) xy2 + 2y5 = c
Exact form
(c) xy2 = 2y5 + c (d) none of these
32. The integrating factor of the differentiable equation 38. Solution of the differential equation
dy p
(xy – 1) + y 2 = 0 is cos x dy = y (sin x – y) dx, 0 < x < , is
dx 2
(a) sec x = (tan x + c) y (b) y sec x = tan x + c
1
(a) y (b) (c) y tan x = sec x + c (d) tan x = (sec x + c) y
y
y dx + (x + x2y) dy = 0 is
1
(c) (d) xy
xy 1 1
(a) - =c (b) - + log y = c
33. If sin x is an integrating factor of the differential equation xy xy
dy 1
+ Py = Q, then P can be (c) + log y = c (d) log y = cx
dx xy
(a) log sin x (b) cot x
(c) sin x (d) log cos x
x æ y ö
34. The solution of differential equation 2
dy = ç 2
2 2
- 1 ÷ dx is
x +y èx +y ø
dy
– y tan x = – y2 sec x is :
dx -1 y
(a) y = x cot (c – x) (b) cos = -x + c
x
(a) y–1 sec x = cot x + c (b) y–1 cos x = tan x + c
(c) y–1 sec x = tan x + c (d) none of these y2
(c) y = x tan (c – x) (d) = x tan c - x
x2
dy
35. The solution of the equation x 3 + 4x 2 tan y = ex sec y
dx Application of Differential Equation
satisfying y (1) = 0, is
41. Equation of curve through point (1, 0) which satisfies the
(a) tan y = (x – 2) ex log 3 (b) sin y = ex (x – 1) x–4 differential equation
(c) tan y = (x – 1) ex x–3 (d) sin y = ex (x – 1) x–3 (1 + y2) dx – xy dy = 0, is
36. The general solution of the differential equation (a) x2 + y2 = 1 (b) x2 – y2 = 1
é 2 xy - x ù dy + y dx = 0 is (c) 2x2 + y2 = 2 (d) none of these
ë û
æ 7ö
42. The equation of a curve passing through ç 2, ÷ and
y x è 2ø
(a) log x + =c (b) log y – =c
x y
1
having gradient 1 - at (x, y) is
x2
x
(c) log y + =c (d) none of these (a) y = x2 + x + 1 (b) xy = x2 + x + 1
y
(c) xy = x + 1 (d) none of these

43. The curve passing through the point (0, 1) and satisfying 51. Let the population of rabbits surviving at a time t be
æ dy ö dp (t ) 1
the equation sin ç ÷ = a is : governed by the differential equation = p(t) – 200.
è dx ø dt 2
æ y +1 ö æ x ö If p (0) = 100, then p (t) equals :

(a) cos ç ÷=a (b) cos ç ÷=a
è x ø è y +1 ø (a) 400 – 300 e–t/2 (b) 400 – 300 et/2
(c) 300–200 e–t/2 (d) 600–500 et/2
æ y -1 ö æ x ö
52. Water is dropped at the rate of 2 m3/sec into a cone of semi
(c) sin ç ÷=a (d) sin ç ÷=a
è x ø è y -1 ø vertical angle of 45°. The rate at which periphery of water
44. A curve passes through the point (0, 1) and the gradient at surface changes when height of water in the cone is 2
(x, y) on it is y (xy – 1). The equation of the curve is meters is
(a) y (x – 1) = 1 (b) y (x + 1) = 1 (a) 2 m/sec (b) 1 m/sec
(c) x (y + 1) = 1 (d) x (y – 1) = 1 (c) 3 m/sec (d) 4 m/sec
45. A tangent to the curve y = f (x) cuts the line y = x at a point Numerical Value Type Questions
which is at a distance of 1 unit from y–axis. The equation
of the curve is 53. The degree of the differential equation satisfying the
x -1 x
(a) =c (b) =c relation 1 + x 2 + 1 + y2 = l x 1 + y2 - y 1 + x 2 is
y -1 y
(c) xy = c (d) none of these 54. The sum of order and degree of the differential equation
46. The equation of the curve for which the tangent at P (x, y) representing the family of curves y2 = 2c(x + c), where
cuts the y – axis at (0, y3) is
c > 0, is a parameter, is
(a) xy2 = x + y (b) x2 (y2 –1) = cy2
55. The sum of the degree and order of the differential equation
(c) y (x2 –1) = cx2 (d) yx + x2 = c
of the family of all parabolas whose axis is x-axis, is.
47. The slope of a curve at any point is the reciprocal of
twice the ordinate at the point and it passes through dy ax + 3
the point (4, 3). The equation of the curve is- 56. If the solution of the differential equation =
dx 2y + f
(a) x2 = y + 5 (b) y2 = x – 5 represents a circle, then the value of ‘–a’ is
(c) y2 = x + 5 (d) x2 = y – 5
48. The curve in which the portion of the tangent included dy
57. If + y tan x = sin 2x and y(0) = 1 and y( p) is equal to k.
between the coordinate axes is bisected at the point of dx
contact, is Then the value of –k is
(a) a parabola (b) an ellipse 58. At present, a firm is manufacturing 2000 items. It is
(c) a circle (d) a hyperbola estimated that the rate of change of production P with
49. The equation of the curve in which subnormal varies as respect to additional number of workers x is given by
the square of the ordinate is (l is constant of dP
proportionality) =100 -12 x . If the firm employes 25 more workers,
dx
2l x lx
(a) y = c e (b) y = c e then the new level of production of items is 100 k. Then
the value of k is
y2 59. In a bank, principal increases at the rate of 5% per year. If
(c) + lx = c (d) y 2 + l x2 = c
2 Rs. 1000 doubles itself in k loge 2 years. Then the value of
50. The slope of the tangent at (x, y) to a curve passing through k is
x 2 + y2 60. A function y = f (x) has a second order derivative
(2, 1) is , then the equation of the curve is
2xy f " (x) = 6 (x – 1). If its graph passes through the point
(2, 1) and at that point the tangent to the graph is
(a) 2 (x2 – y2) = 3 x (b) 2 (x2 – y2) = 6y
y = 3x – 5, then the function is (x + a)b. The value of a + b is
(c) x (x2 – y2) = 6 (d) x (x2 + y2) = 10


1. Let y(x) be the solution of the differential equation
dy
6. If (2 + sin x) + (y + 1) cos x = 0 and y(0) = 1, then
dy dx
(x log x) + y = 2x log x, (x ³1). Then y(e) is equal to:
dx
æpö
y ç ÷ is equal to : (2017)
(2015) è2ø
(a) 2 (b) 2e
1 2
(c) e (d) 0 (a) (b) -
3 3
2. If y(x) is the solution of the differential equation
1 4
dy (c) - (d)
(x + 2) = x2 + 4x – 9, x ¹ –2 and y(0) = 0, then y(– 4) is 3 3
dx
7. The curve satisfying the differential equation,
equal to : (2015/Online Set–1) ydx – (x + 3y2) dy = 0 and passing through the point (1, 1),
(a) 2 (b) 0 also passes through the point. (2017/Online Set–1)
(c) –1 (d) 1
æ1 1ö æ 1 1ö
3. The solution of the differential equation (a) ç , - ÷ (b) ç - , ÷
è4 2ø è 3 3ø
ydx - (x + 2y 2 )dy = 0 is x = f(y) If f(-1) = 1, then f(1) is
æ1 1ö æ1 1ö
equal to : (2015/Online Set–2) (c) ç , - ÷ (d) ç , ÷
è3 3ø è4 2ø
(a) 4 (b) 3
8. Let y = y (x) be the solution of the differential equation
(c) 1 (d) 2
4. If a curve y = f(x) passes through the point (1, –1) and dy
sin x + y cos x = 4 x, x Î 0, p .
satisfies the differential equation, y (1 + xy) dx = x dy, then dx
æ 1ö æp ö æp ö
f ç - ÷ is equal to : (2016) if y ç ÷ = 0 then y ç ÷ is equal to : (2018)
è 2ø è2ø è6ø
4 2 4 4
(a) - (b) (a) - p 2 (b) p2
5 5 9 9 3
4 2 -8 8 2
(c) (d) - (c) p2 (d) - p
5 5 9 3 9
5. The solution of the differential equation 9. Let y = y(x) be the solution of the differential equation
dy y tan x dy ì 1 , x Î 0,1
+ sec x = , p + 2 y = f x , where f x = í
0 £ x < , and y(0) = 1, is
dx 2 2 y where 2
dx î0, otherwise
given by : (2016/Online Set–2)

æ3ö
If y (0) = 0, then y ç ÷ is (2018/Online Set–1)
x 2 x è2ø
(a) y = 1 - (b) y = 1 +
sec x + tan x sec x + tan x
e2 + 1 1
(a) (b)
2 x x 2e4 2e
(c) y = 1 - (d) y = 1 +
sec x + tan x sec x + tan x
e2 - 1 e2 - 1
(c) (d)
e3 2e 3

10. The differential equation representing the family of

dy æ pö
ellipses having foci either on the x-axis or on the y-axis, 14. If cos x - y sin x = 6 x, ç 0 < x < ÷
dx è 2ø
centre at the origin and passing through the point (0, 3)
is: (2018/Online Set–3)
æp ö æp ö
2 and y ç ÷ = 0, then y ç ÷ is equal to:
(a) xy y¢¢ + x y¢ - y y ¢ = 0 è3ø è6ø
(b) x + y y¢¢ = 0 (9-04-2019/Shift-2)
(c) xy y¢ + y 2 - 9 = 0 p2 p2
(a) (b) -
2 3 2
2
(d) xy y¢ - y + 9 = 0
p2 p2
11. Let y = y(x) be the solution of the differential equation, (c) - (d) -
2 3 4 3
dy
2
x2 + 1 + 2 x x 2 + 1 y = 1 such that y(0) = 0. If
dx 15. If y = y x is the solution of the differential equation
p dy æ p pö
ay 1 = , then the value of ‘a’ is: = tan x - y sec 2 x, x Î ç - , ÷ , such that
32 dx è 2 2ø
(8-04-2019/Shift-1)
æ pö
y(0) = 0, then y ç - ÷ is equal to:
1 1 è 4ø
(a) (b)
4 2
(10-04-2019/Shift-1)
1
(c) 1 (d) 1
16 (a) e - 2 (b) -e
2
12. Given that the slope of the tangent to a curve y = y(x) at
1 1
(c) 2 + (d) -2
2y e e
any point (x, y) is . If the curve passes through the
x2
16. Let y = y x be the solution of the differential equation,
centre of the circle x 2 +y 2 - 2x - 2y = 0, then its equation
dy æ p pö
is : (8-04-2019/Shift-2) + y tan x = 2x + x 2 tan x, x Î ç - , ÷ , such that
dx è 2 2ø
(a) x loge y = 2 x - 1 (b) x loge y = -4 x - 1
y 0 = 1 , then: (10-04-2019/Shift-2)
(c) x loge y = -2 x - 1 (d) x log e y = x - 1
2
æp ö æ pö p
13. The solution of the differential equation (a) y ç ÷ + y ç - ÷ = +2
4
è ø è 4ø 2
dy
x + 2 y = x 2 x ¹ 0 with y 1 = 1,is :
dx æp ö æ pö
(b) y ç ÷ + y ç - ÷ = - 2
(9-04-2019/Shift-1) 4
è ø è 4ø
4 3 1 x3 1 æp ö æ pö
(a) y = x + 2 (b) y = + (c) y ç ÷ - y ç - ÷ = 2
5 5x 5 5x2 è4ø è 4ø
x2 3 3 2 1 æp ö æ pö
(c) y = + 2 (d) y = x + 2
(d) y ¢ ç ÷ - y ¢ ç - ÷ = p - 2
4 4x 4 4x è4ø è 4ø

æ 1ö dy 3 1 æ -p p ö æp ö 4
17. Consider the differential equation, y 2 dx + ç x - ÷ dy = 0 . 21. If + 2
y= 2
, xÎç , ÷ , and y ç ÷ = ,
yø dx cos x cos x è 3 3ø è4ø 3
è
If value of y is 1 when x = 1, then the value of x for which æ pö

then y ç - ÷ equals: (10-1-2019/Shift-1)
y = 2, is (12-04-2019/Shift-1) è 4ø
5 1 3 1 1 6 1
(a) + (b) - (a) +e (b)
2 e 2 e 3 3
1 1 3 4 1 3
(c) + (d) - e (c) - (d) +e
2 e 2 3 3
22. The curve amongst the family of curves represented by

18. The general solution of the differential equations
2 2
the differential equation, x - y dx + 2 xydy = 0 which
y 2 - x 3 dx - xy dy = 0 x ¹ 0 is ______. (Where c is a
passes through (1, 1), is: (10-01-2019/Shift-2)
constant of integration) (12-04-2019/Shift-2)
(a) a circle with centre on the x-axis.
2 2 3 2 3 2
(a) y - 2 x + cx = 0 (b) y + 2 x + cx = 0 (b) an ellipse with major axis along the y-axis.
(c) a circle with centre on the y-axis.
(c) y 2 + 2 x 2 + cx3 = 0 (d) y 2 - 2 x3 + cx 2 = 0
(d) a hyperbola with transverse axis along the x-axis.
19. If y = y(x) is the solution of the differential equation,
3 f x
23. Let f be a differentiable such that f ¢ x = 7 - ,
dy æ1ö 4 x
x + 2 y = x 2 satisfying y 1 = 1, then y ç ÷ is equal
dx è 2ø
æ1ö
to: (9-01-2019/Shift-1) x > 0 and f (1) ¹ 4 . Then xlim xfç ÷
® 0+ è xø
7 1 (10-01-2019/Shift-2)
(a) (b)
64 4
4
(a) exists and equals (b) exists and equals 4
7
49 13
(c) (d) (c) does not exist (d) exists and equals 0
16 16
24. If y x is the solution of the differential equation
20. Let f : 0, 1 ® R be such that f(xy) = f(x).f(y), for all
dy æ 2 x + 1 ö 1 -2
+ç ÷ y = e -2 x , x > 0, where y 1 = e , then :
x, y Î 0,1 and f(0) ¹ 0. If y = y(x) satisfies the dx è x ø 2
dy (11-01-2019/Shift-1)
differential equation, = f x with y 0 = 1,
dx
(a) y log e 2 = log e 4
æ1ö æ3ö log e 2

They y ç ÷ + y ç ÷ is equal to: (9-01-2019/Shift-2) (b) y log e 2 =
è4ø è4ø 4
(a) 3 (b) 4 æ1 ö
(c) y(x) is decreasing in ç ,1÷
(c) 2 (d) 5 è2 ø
(d) y (x) is decreasing in (0, 1)

25. The solution of the differential equation,

29. Let y = y x be the solution of the differential equation,
dy 2
= x - y when y(1) = 1, is (11-01-2019/Shift-2) 2 + sin x dy
dx . = - cos x, y > 0, y (0) = 1.
y + 1 dx
2- y
(a) log e = x- y
2- x dy
If y p = a, and at x = p is b, then the ordered pair
dx
1- x + y a, b is equal to : (2-9-2020/Shift-1)
(b) - log e = 2 x -1
1+ x - y
æ 3ö
(a) ç 2, ÷ (b) (1, 1)
1+ x - y è 2ø
(c) - log e = x+ y-2
1- x + y
(c) (2, 1) (d) (1, –1)
2- y 30. If a curve y = f x , passing through the point 1, 2 is

(d) log e = 2 y -1
2- x
the solution of the differential equation,
26. Let y = y(x) be the solution of the differential equation
æ1ö
dy 2 x 2 dy = (2 xy + y 2 ) dx, then f ç ÷ is equal to :
x + y = x log e x, ( x > 1) . If 2y(2) = log 4–1, then y(e) è2ø
dx e
(2-09-2020/Shift-2)
is equal to _____. (12-01-2019/Shift-1)
-1
e e2 (a) 1 + log 2 (b) 1 + log e 2
(a) - (b) - e
2 2
e e2 1 1
(c) (d) (c) 1 + log 2 (d) 1 - log 2
4 4 e e
27. Let f be a differentiable function such that f(1) = 2 and 31. The solution curve of the differential equation,
f ' x = f x for all x Î R dy

(1 + e - x ) (1 + y 2 ) = y 2 , which passes through the point
dx
If h x = f f x then h¢ 1 is equal (0, 1), is : (3-09-2020/Shift-1)
(12-01-2019/Shift-2)
2 2 æ 1 + e- x ö
(a) 2e (b) 4e (a) y = 1 + y log e ç ÷
è 2 ø
(c) 2e (d) 4e2
28. If a curve passes through the point (1, -2) and has slope
2
æ æ 1 + e- x ö ö
2
x - 2y (b) y + 1 = y çç log e ç 2 ÷ + 2 ÷÷
of the tangent at any point x, y on it as then è è ø ø
x
the curve also passes through the point : æ æ 1 + ex ö ö
2
(c) y + 1 = y çç log e ç ÷ + 2 ÷÷
(12-01-2019/Shift-2) è è 2 ø ø
(a) (3, 0) (b) 3, 0

2
æ æ 1+ ex öö
(d) y = 1 + y çç log e ç 2 ÷ ÷÷
è è øø
(c) (-1, 2) (d) - 2, 1

3 2
32. If x dy + xy dx = x dy + 2 y dx; y (2) = e and x > 1, then 36. Let y = y x be the solution of the differential equation
y 4 is equal to : (3-09-2020/Shift-2) dy æ pö
cos x + 2ysin x = sin 2x, x Î ç 0, ÷ . If y ( p / 3) = 0
dx è 2ø
e 3
(a) (b) e
2 2 then y ( p / 4) is equal to: (5-09-2020/Shift-2)
1 3 (a) 2 + 2 (b) 2 -2
(c) + e (d) + e
2 2
1
(c) -1 (d) 2 - 2
33. Let y = y x be the solution of the differential equation, 2
xy¢ - y = x 2 ( x cos x + sin x), x > 0 . If y(π) = π, then 37. The general solution of the differential equation
æπö æπö dy
y¢¢ ç ÷ + y ç ÷ is equal to (4-09-2020/Shift-1) 1 + x 2 + y 2 + x 2 y 2 + xy =0
è2ø è2ø dx
(where C is a constant of integration) is:

π π2 π
(a) 2 + + (b) 2 + (6-09-2020/Shift-1)
2 4 2
π π π2 2 2 1 æ 1 + x2 - 1 ö
(c) 1 + (d) 1 + + (a) 1 + y + 1 + x = log e ç ÷+C
2 2 4 2 ç 1+ x2 +1 ÷
è ø
1 æ 1+ x2 -1 ö
dy y + 3x 1 + y 2
- 1 + x 2
= log ç ÷+C
- + 3 = 0 is : (b) e
ç 1 + x2 + 1 ÷
dx log e ( y + 3 x) 2 è ø
(where c is a constant of integration) (4-9-2020/Shift-2)

1 æ 1+ x2 +1 ö
(a) x - log e ( y + 3x) = C 2 2
(c) 1 + y + 1 + x = 2 log e çç 2
÷+C
÷
è 1+ x -1 ø
1 2
(b) x - log e y + 3x =C
2
2 2 1 æ 1 + x2 + 1 ö
(c) x - 2 log e ( y + 3x ) = C (d) 1 + y - 1 + x = log eç ÷+C
2 ç 1+ x2 -1 ÷
è ø
1 2
(d) y + 3 x - log e x =C
2 æ2 ö
38. If y = ç x - 1÷ cos ec x is the solution of the differential
èp ø
35. If y = y x is the solution of the differential equation
dy 2 p
5 + e x dy x equation, + p x y = cos ecx, 0 < x < , then the
. + e = 0 satisfying y 0 = 1, then a value of dx p 2
2 + y dx
function p x is equal to : (6-09-2020/Shift-2)
y (log e 13) is: (5-09-2020/Shift-1)
(a) 1 (b) 0 (a) cosec x (b) cot x
(c) 2 (d) -1 (c) tan x (d) sec x

39. If y = y ( x ) is the solution of the differential equation, dy xy

44. If = 2 : y 1 = 1; then a value of x satisfying
dx x + y 2
æ dy ö
ey ç - 1 ÷ = e x such that y 0 = 0, then y 1 is equal y ( x) = e is (9-1-2020/Shift-2)
è dx ø
to (7-01-2020/Shift-1) 1
(a) 3e (b) 3e
2
(a) log e 2 (b) 2e
e
(c) 2+log e 2 (d) 1+log e 2 (c) 2e (d)
2
40. Let y = y(x) be the solution curve of the differential 45. If y = y(x) is the solution of the differential equation
2 dy dy p
equation, y - x = 1, satisfying y(0) = 1 This curve + tan x y = sin x, 0 £ x £ , with y 0 = 0, then
dx dx 3
intersects the x - axis at a point whose abscissa is : æ pö
y ç ÷ equal to: (16-03-2021/Shift-2)
(7-01-2020/Shift-2) è 4ø
(a) 2 + e (b) 2
1 æ 1 ö
(c) 2 - e (d) - e (a) log e 2 (b) ç ÷ log e 2
2 è2 2ø
41. Let y = y x be a solution of the differential equation, 1

(c) log e 2 (d) log e 2
4
dy
1 - x2 + 1 - y 2 = 0, x < 1 . 46. Let C1 be the curve obtained by the solution of differential
dx
dy
equation 2xy = y 2 - x 2 , x > 0 . Let the curve C 2 be
æ1ö 3 æ -1 ö dx
If y ç ÷ = , then y ç ÷ is equal to:
è 2ø 2 è 2ø 2xy dy
the solution of x 2 - y 2 = dx . If both the curves pass
(8-01-2020/Shift-1)
through (1,1), then the area enclosed by the curves C1
1 3
(a) - (b) - and C 2 is equal to (16-03-2021/Shift-2)
2 2
p
(a) -1 (b) p + 1
1 3 2
(c) (d)
2 2 p
(c) +1 (d) p - 1
42. The differential equation of the family of curves, 4
x 2 = 4b ( y + b ), b Î R is (8-01-2020/Shift-2) 47. If y = y x is the solution of the differential
2 dy æpö
(a) xy '' = y ' (b) x y ' = x + 2 yy ' equation, + 2y tan x = sin x, y ç ÷ = 0 , then the
dx è3ø
2 2
(c) x y ' = x - 2 yy ' (d) x y ' = 2 yy '- x maximum value of the function y x over R is equal to:
(16-03-2021/Shift-1)
43. If for x ³ 0, y = y x is the solution of the differential
1
(a) 8 (b)
2 8
equation 1 + x dy = éë 1 + x + y - 3ù dx, y 2 = 0 then
û
1 15
y 3 is equal to ______ . (9-01-2020/Shift-1) (c) (d) -
2 4

(17-03-2021/Shift-1)
48. Let the curve y = y x be the solution of the differential
1 1
-
dy (a) y 1 = e 2 - e 2 (b) y 1 = 1
equation, = 2 x + 1 . If the numerical value of area
dx
1 1
-
4 8 (c) y 1 = e 2 - 1 (d) y 1 = e 2
-1
bounded by the curve y = y x and x-axis is , then
3
52. Let y = y x be the solution of the differential equation
the value of y 1 is equal to ________.
dy 2
(16-03-2021/Shift-1) = (y + 1) ((y + 1) e x / 2 - x), 0 < x < 2.1, with

dx
dy
y 2 = 0. The the value of at x = 1 is equal to:
cos x (3 sin x + cos x + 3) dy dx
= (1 + y sin x (3 sin x + cos x + 3)) dx, (18-03-2021/Shift-2)
e5/ 2 5e1/ 2
p (a) (b)
0 £ x £ , y (0) = 0. (1 + e 2 ) 2 (e 2 + 1) 2
2
æpö -e3/2 2e 2
Then, y ç ÷ is equal to : (17-03-2021/Shift 2) (c) (d) -
è3ø (e 2 + 1) 2 (1 + e 2 )2
53. The differential equation satisfied by the system of

æ 3 3 -8ö æ 2 3 + 10 ö
(a) 2 log e çç 4 ÷÷ (b) 2 log e çç 11 ÷÷ parabolas y 2 = 4a (x + a) is : (18-03-2021/Shift-1)
è ø è ø
2
æ dy ö æ dy ö
æ 3+7ö æ 2 3 +9ö (a) y ç ÷ + 2x ç ÷ - y = 0
(c) 2 log e çç 2 ÷÷ (d) 2 loge çç ÷ è dx ø è dx ø
è ø è 6 ÷ø
2
æ dy ö æ dy ö
50. If the curve y = y x is the solution of the differential (b) y ç ÷ - 2x ç ÷ + y = 0
è dx ø è dx ø
equation
2 (x 2 + x 5/ 4 ) dy - y (x + x1/ 4 ) dx = 2x 9/ 4 dx, x > 0 which æ dy ö æ dy ö
(c) y ç ÷ + 2x ç ÷ - y = 0
dx
è ø è dx ø
æ 4 ö
passes through the point ç1, 1 - log e 2 ÷ , then the value
è 3 ø æ dy ö æ dy ö
2
(d) y ç ÷ - 2x ç ÷ - y = 0
of y 16 is equal to : (17-03-2021/Shift-2) è dx ø è dx ø
54. Let f be a twice differentiable function defined on R such
æ 31 8 ö æ 31 8 ö
(a) 4 ç - log e 3 ÷ (b) ç + log e 3 ÷ that f 0 = 1, f ¢ 0 = 2 and f ¢ x ¹ 0 for all
è 3 3 ø è 3 3 ø
f x f¢ x
æ 31 8 ö æ 31 8 ö x Î R. If = 0, for all x Î R, then the value
(c) ç - log e 3 ÷ (d) 4 ç + log e 3 ÷ f¢ x f ¢¢ x
è 3 3 ø è 3 3 ø
of f 1 lies in the interval (24-02-2021/Shift-2)
51. Which of the following is true for y x that satisfies the
(a) (0,3) (b) (9,12)
dy
differential equation = xy - 1 + x - y; y 0 = 0 : (c) (3,6) (d) (6,9)
dx

55. If a curve y = f x passes through the point (1,2) and 59. Let the normals at all the points on a given curve pass
through a fixed point a, b . If the curve passes through

dy
satisfies x + y = bx 4 , then for what value
dx
3, - 3 and 4, - 2 2 , and given that
2
62
òf
1
x dx =
5
? (24-02-2021/Shift-2)
2 2
a - 2 2 b = 3, then a + b + ab is equal to _______.
(a) 10 (b) 5
(26-02-2021/Shift-2)
31 62
(c) (d) 60. The rate of growth of bacteria in a culture is proportional
5 5
to the number of bacteria present and the bacteria count is
56. If a curve passes through the origin and the slope of the
1000 at initial time t = 0. The number of bacteria is increased
2
x - 4x + y + 8 by 20% in 2 hours. If the population of bacteria is 2000
tangent to it any point x, y is , then this
x-2
curve also passes through the point: 2
k æ k ö
(25-02-2021/Shift-1) after hours, then ç ÷ is equal to
æ6ö è log e 2 ø
log e ç ÷
(a) (4, 4) (b) (5, 5) è5ø
(c) (4, 5) (d) (5, 4)
(26-02-2021/Shift-1)
x
57. Let f x = ò e t f t dt + e x be a differentiable function for (a) 2 (b) 8

0
(c) 16 (d) 4
all x Î R. Then f x equals : (26-02-2021/Shift-2)
x
61. If y = y x is the solution of the equation
(a) 2e e -1
-1 (b) e ex - 1
(c) e e
x
-1
(d) 2e ex - 1 dy sin y
esin y cos y + e cos x = cos x, y 0 = 0; then
dx
58. Let slope of the tangent line to a curve at any point
xy 2 + y
P x, y be given by . If the curve intersects the æpö 3 æpö 1 æpö
x 1+ yç ÷ + yç ÷ + y ç ÷ is equal to
6
è ø 2 è3ø 2 è4ø
line x + 2y = 4 at x = -2, then the value of y, for which
the point 3, y lies on the curve, is: (26-02-2021/Shift-1)
62. The difference between degree and order of a differential

(26-02-2021/Shift-2)
equation that represents the family of curves given by
4 18
(a) - (b)
3 35 æ aö
y2 = a ç x + ÷ , a > 0 is _____.
ç 2 ÷ø
è
18 18
(c) - (d) -
11 19
(26-02-2021/Shift-1)

63. Let y = y x be the solution of the differential 66. Let a curve y = y x be given by the solution of the
æ yö æ æ yö ö æ1 ö
equation x tan ç ÷ dy = ç y tan ç ÷ - x ÷ dx, differential equation cos ç cos -1 e - x ÷ dx = e2x - 1 dy.
èxø è è x ø ø è2 ø
If it intersects y-axis at y = -1, and the intersection point

æ1ö p
-1 £ x £ 1, y ç ÷ = .
è2ø 6 of the curve with x-axis is a, 0 the ea is equal to
Then the area of the region bounded by the curves ________ ? (20-07-2021/Shift-2)
1 67. Let y = y x be solution of the following differential

x = 0, x = and y = y x in the upper half plane is :
2
dy æpö
equation e y - 2e y sin x + sin x cos 2 x = 0, y ç ÷ = 0.
(20-07-2021/Shift-1) dx è2ø
1 1 -2
(a) p-3 (b) p -1 If y 0 = log e a + b e , then 4 a + b is equal to
12 6
(25-07-2021/Shift-1)
1 1
(c) p - 1 (d) p-2 _____ ?
8 4
dy
= 1 + xe y - x , - 2 < x < 2, y 0 = 0 then, the
x 2 æyö dx
e 1 - y dx + ç ÷ dy = 0, y 1 = -1. Then the value of
èxø
2 minimum value of y x , x Î - 2, 2 is equal to ?
y 3 is equal to: (20-07-2021/Shift-1)
(25-07-2021/Shift-1)
(a) 1 + 4e3 (b) 1 + 4e6
(a) 1 - 3 - log e 3 -1
(c) 1 - 4e6 (d) 1 - 4e3
dy (b) 2 + 3 + log e 2
65. Let y = y x satisfies the equation - A = 0, for all
dx
(c) 2 - 3 - log e 2
é ù
ê y sin x 1ú (d) 1 + 3 - log e 3 -1
ê ú
x > 0, where A = ê 0 -1 1 ú . If y p = p + 2, then
ê 1ú 69. Let y = y x be solution of the differential equation
ê2 0 ú
ë xû
æ dy ö
log e ç ÷ = 3x + 4y, with y 0 = 0. If
p è dx ø
the value of y æç ö÷ is ? (20-07-2021/Shift-2)
è2ø
æ 2 ö
y ç - log e 2 ÷ = a log e 2, then the value of a is equal to :
è 3 ø
p 4 3p 1
(a) - (b) -
2 p 2 p (27-07-2021/Shift-1)
p 1 p 4 1 1
(c) - (d) + (a) - (b) -
2 p 2 p 2 4
1
(c) 2 (d)
4

70. Let F : 3,5 ® R be a twice differentiable from function 75. Let y = y x be the solution of the differential equation
x
on 3,5 such that F x = e - x ò 3t 2 + 2t + 4F ' t dt. æ æ y +1 ö
ç ÷ ö
3
ç x + 2 eè x + 2 ø + y + 1 ÷ dx = x + 2 dy, y 1 = 1.
ç ÷
è ø
aeb - 224
If F ' 4 = 2
, then a + b is equal to _____
eb - 4 If the domain of y = y x is an open interval a, b , then
(27-07-2021/Shift-1)
a + b is equal to ______. (22-07-2021/Shift-2)
é pö 76. Let y = y x be the solution of the differential equation

71. If y = y x , y Î ê0, ÷ is the solution of the differential
ë 2ø
æpö
xdy = y + x 3 cos x dx with y p = 0, then y ç ÷ is
dy è2ø
equation - sin x + y - sin x - y = 0, with
dx
equal to : (25-07-2021/Shift-2)
æpö p2 p p2 p
y 0 = 0, then 5y ' ç ÷ is equal to _____. (a) - (b) +
è2ø 2 4 4 2
(27-07-2021/Shift-1)
p2 p p2 p
(c) - (d) +
72. Let y = y x be the solution of the differential equation 4 4 2 4
dy = e ax + y dx; a Î N. If y log e 2 = loge 2 and 77. Let a curve y = f x pass through the point
æ1ö 2 2y
y 0 = log e ç ÷ , then the value of a is equal to _______. 2, log e 2 and have slope x log x for all positive real
è2ø e
(27-07-2021/Shift-2) value of x. Then the value of f e is equal to ___
73. Let y = y x be the solution of the differential (25-07-2021/Shift-2)
3 2 4
equation x - x dy = y + yx - 3x dx, x > 2. If 78. If y = y x is the solution curve of the differential equation
æ 1ö æ1ö
y 3 = 3, then y 4 is equal to: (27-07-2021/Shift-2) x 2 dy + ç y - ÷ dx = 0; x > 0 and y 1 = 1, then y ç ÷ is
è xø è2ø
(a) 8 (b) 12 equal to (01-09-2021/Shift-2)
(c) 16 (d) 4
1 3 1
74. Let y = y x be the solution of the differential equation (a) 3 + (b) -
e 2 e
2 2
cosec x dy + 2dx = 1 + y cos 2x cosec x dx, with (c) 3 + e (d) 3 - e
æpö 2 79. Let y x be the solution of the differential equation

y ç ÷ = 0. Then, the value of y 0 + 1 is equal to :
è4ø
2x 2 dy + e y - 2x dx = 0, x > 0. If y e = 1. then y 1 is
(22-07-2021/Shift-2)
equal to: (26-08-2021/Shift-2)
1 1
(a) e 2 (b) e- 2 (a) 0 (b) 2
(c) loge 2e (d) log e 2

(c) e -1 (d) e

dy 84. A differential equation representing the family of parabolas

80. Let y = y x = 2 y + 2 sin x – 5 x – 2 cos x such that with axis parallel to y-axis and whose length of latus rectum
dx
is the distance of the point (2,–3) from the line
y 0 = 7. Then y p is equal to: (27-08-2021/Shift-1)
3x + 4y = 5 is given by : (27-08-2021/Shift-2)
(a) 3e p2 + 5 (b) 7e p2 + 5
d2 y d2y
(c) 2e + 5 p2 (d) e p2
+5 (a) 10 = 11 (b) 11 = 10
dx 2 dx 2
81. Let us consider a curve, y = f x passing through the

d2 x d2x
point –2, 2 and the slope of the tangent to the curve at (c) 10 = 11 (d) 11 = 10
dy 2 dy 2
any point x, f x is given by f x + xf ¢ x = x 2 .
Then: (27-08-2021/Shift-1) dy 2x + y - 2 x
85. If = , y 0 = 1, then y 1 is equal to ?
dx 2y
(a) x 2 + 2xf x + 4 = 0
(31-08-2021/Shift-1)
(b) x 3 – 3xf x – 4 = 0
(a) log 2 2 + e (b) log 2 1 + e
3
(c) x + xf x + 12 = 0
2
(c) log 2 2e (d) log 2 1 + e
(d) x 2 + 2xf x –12 = 0
82. Let y = y x be a solution curve of the differential dy 2 x y + 2y × 2 x

86. If = x , y 0 = 0 , then for y = 1, the
equation dx 2 + 2 x + y log e 2
æ pö value of x lies in the interval: (31-08-2021/Shift-2)

y + 1 tan 2 x dx + tan x dy + y dx = 0, x Î ç 0, ÷ .
è 2ø
æ1 ù æ 1ù
(a) ç ,1ú (b) ç 0, ú
æ pö è2 û è 2û
If xlim x y x = 1, then the value of y ç ÷ is:
® 0+ è 4ø
(c) 1, 2 (d) 2,3
(26-08-2021/Shift-1)
p p
(a) -1 (b) +1 é æ y2 ö ù
4 4
ê 2 fç 2 ÷ ú
dy y x
87. If y = x ê 2 + è 2 ø ú , x > 0, f > 0 and y 1 = -1,
p p dx ê x æ y öú
(c) (d) - ê f¢ ç 2 ÷ ú
4 4 è x ø ûú
ëê
83. If the solution curve of the differential equation
2x - 10y 3 dy + ydx = 0, passes through the points
æ y2 ö
then f ç ÷ is equal to: (31-08-2021/Shift-2)
0,1 and 2, b , then b is a root of the equation : è 4 ø
(27-08-2021/Shift-2)
(a) f 1 (b) 4f 2
(a) 2y5 - 2y - 1 = 0 (b) y 5 - y 2 - 1 = 0
(c) y5 - 2y 2 - 2 = 0 (d) 2y 5 - y 2 - 2 = 0 (c) 2f 1 (d) 4f 1

88. The population P = P t at time 't' of a certain species 90. Let y = y x be the solution of the differential equation
dP xdy - ydx = (x 2 - y 2 ) dx, x ³ 1, with y 1 = 0. If the

follows the differential equation = 0.5P - 450 . If
dt
area bounded by the line x = 1, x = e p , y = 0 and
P 0 = 850, then the time at which population becomes
y = y x is ae 2 p + b, then the value of 10 (a + b) is equal
zero is (24-02-2021/Shift-1)
to _______. (18-03-2021/Shift-2)
1
(a) log e 9 (b) log e 18
2
(c) log e 18 (d) 2 log e 18
89. If the curve, y = y x represented by the solution of the
differential equation 2xy 2 - y dx + x dy = 0, passes
through the intersection of the lines, 2x - 3y = 1 and
3x + 2y = 8, then y 1 is equal to:
(25-02-2021/Shift-2)


Objective Questions I [Only one correct option] 4. A curve passing through (2, 3) and satisfying the differential
x
1. If the function y = e4x + 2e–x is a solution of the differential equation ò t y(t) dt = x2y (x), (x >0) is
0
d3 y dy
3
- 13
equation dx dx = K then the value of K is 9
y (a) x2 + y2 = 13 (b) y2 = x
2
(a) 4 (b) 6
x 2 y2
(c) 9 (d) 12 (c) + =1 (d) xy = 6
8 18
2. Solution of the differential equation
x
dy æx+yö
+ sin ç ÷ = sin
x-y
is
5. If ò t y(t)dt = x2 + y (x) then y as a function of x is
a
dx è 2 ø 2
x2 - a 2 x2 -a2
y
(a) l n tan = C - 2 sin
x (a) y = 2 – (2 + a2) e 2
(b) y = 1 – (2 + a2) e 2
4 2
x2 - a 2
(c) y = 2 – (1 + a2) e 2 (d) none
x y
(b) l n tan = C - 2sin
4 2 6. The latus rectum of the conic passing through the origin
and having the property that normal at each point (x, y)
y x intersects the x - axis at ((x + 1), 0) is :
(c) l n tan = C - 2 sin
2 4 (a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 4 (d) none
y 7. The equation of curve for which y intercept of tangent varies
(d) l n | tan y | = C + 2sin
2 as cube of the abscissa of point of contact, is
(a) 2y + kx3 = cx (b) 2x + ky3 = cy
(c) 2x3 + ky = c (d) None
xdy - ydx
x dx + y dy + = 0 is 8. The solution of the differential equation
x 2 + y2
d2 y
= sin3x + ex + x2 when y’(0) = 1 and y (0) = 0 is
æ x 2 + y2 + c ö dx 2
(a) y = x tan çç ÷÷
è 2 ø
sin 3x x4
(a) - + ex + -1
9 12
æ x 2 + y2 + c ö
(b) x = y tan çç ÷÷
è 2 ø 4
(b) - sin 3x + e x + x + x
9 12 3
æ c - x 2 - y2 ö
(c) y = x tan çç ÷÷ cos 3x x x 4 x
è 2 ø (c) - + e + + +1
3 12 3
(d) none of these
(d) None of these

9. The differential equation of all the ellipses centred at the

origin and having their axes as co-ordinate axes is : dy y  (y / x)
13. The solution of the differential equation  
dx x  (y / x)
2
(a) y 2  xy12  yy1  0 (b) xyy 2  xy1  yy1  0 is
2
(c) yy 2  xy  xy1  0 (d) None of these
1
10. The differential equation whose general solution is given

y
 
(a) x x  k (b) 
y
x  
 kx
by, y   c1 cos(x  c 2 )    c3 e   (c5 sin x) ,

(  x  c4 )
where c1, c2, c3, c4, c5 are arbitrary constants, is

y
 
(c) y x  k
y
 
(d)  x  ky
14. The substitution y = z transforms the differential equation

d4 y d2 y (x2y2 – 1)dy + 2xy3dx = 0 into a homogeneous differential
(a) 4  2  y  0
dx dx equation for
(a)  = – 1 (b) 0
d 3 y d 2 y dy
(b)    y0 (c)  = 1 (d) no value of .
dx 3 dx 2 dx
15. A function y = f (x) satisfies the differential equation
d5 y dy
(c) 5  y  0
dx – y = cos x – sin x with initial condition that y is bounded
dx
d 3 y d 2 y dy when x  . The area enclosed by y = f (x), y = cos x and the

(d)    y0 y-axis in first quadrant is
dx 3 dx 2 dx
(a) 2 1 (b) 2
 1 
11. A curve y = f (x) passing through the point 1,  satisfies
 e 1
(c) 1 (d)
x 2 2
dy 
the differential equation + x e 2 = 0. Then which of 16. A function y = f (x) satisfies
dx
the following does not hold good? 2
ex
(a) f (x) is differentiable at x = 0. (x + 1) . f  (x) – 2 (x2 + x) f (x) = ,  x  1
(x  1)
(b) f (x) is symmetric w.r.t. the origin.
(c) f (x) is increasing for x < 0 and decreasing for x > 0. If f (0) = 5 , then f (x) is
(d) f (x) has two inflection points.
 3x  5  x 2  6x  5  x 2
12. Solution of the differential equation (a)   .e (b)   .e
 x 1   x 1 
 x  y  1  dy  x  y  1  , given that y = 1 when x = 1, is
   
 x  y  2  dx  x  y  2   6x  5  x 2  5  6x  x 2
(c)  2 
.e (d)   .e
 (x  1)   x 1 
(a) log
 x  y 2  2  2 x  y 17. Solution of differential equation
2
1
dy
2  y   y dx, y (0) = 1 is :
(b) log
 x  y 2
 2 x  y
dx 0
2
1 1
(a) y  (2e x  e  1) (b) y  (2e x  e  1)
2 3e 3 e
(c) log
 x  y 2
 2 x  y
2
1
(c) y  (2e x  e  1) (d) none
(d) none of these 3e

18. Solution of the differential equation 23. The x-intercept of the tangent to a curve is equal to the
ordinate of the point of contact. The equation of the curve
x2 y2 dy e x 2 (xy 2 - x)
e +e y + = 0, is through the point (1, 1) is
dx
x x
2 2 2 2
(a) ex (y2 – 1) + ey = c (b) ey (x2 – 1) + ex = c y
(a) ye = e
y
(b) xe = e
2 2 2 2
(c) ey (y2 – 1) + ex = c (d) ex (y – 1) + ey = c y y
(c) xe x = e (d) ye x = e
y (xy + 2x2y2) dx + x (xy – x2 y2) dy = 0 is given by 24. The curve for which the sum of the lengths of the tangent
1 and subtangent at any of its point is proportional to the

(a) 2 log | x | - log | y | - =c product of the co-ordinates of the point of tangency. The
xy
proportionality factor is equal to k.
1
(b) 2log | y | - log | x | - =c 1
xy (a) y = ln | c (k2x2–1)| (b) y = l n | c (k 2 x 2 - 1) |
k
1
(c) 2 log | x | + log | y | + =c (c) y = ln |k (c2x2 +1)| (d) y = ln |k (c2 x2 –1)|
xy
25. The equation of the curve for which any tangent intersects
1 the y–axis at the point equidistant from the point of tangency
(d) 2 log | y | + log | x | + =c
xy and the origin is
20. Solution of differential equation (a) x2 – y2 = cx (b) x2 + y2 = cy

(c) x2 + y2 = cx (d) x2 – y2 = cy
2 2
dy 2
(x + y + a ) y + x (x2 + y2 – a2) = 0 is
dx 26. Water is drained from a vertical cylindrical tank by opening
a valve at the base of the tank. It is known that the rate at
(a) (x2 + y2)2 + 2a2 (x2 – y2) = c
which the water level drops is proportional to the square
(b) (x2 + y2)2 + 2a2 (y2 – x2) = c
root of water depth y, where the constant of proportionality
(c) (x2 – y2)2 + 2a2 (x2 + y2)2 + c = 0 k > 0 depends on the acceleration due to gravity and the
(d) None geometry of the hole. If t is measured in minutes and
1
k= then the time to drain the tank if the water is 4 meter
dy 15
3x2y2 + cos (xy) – xy sin (xy) + (2x3y – x2sin (xy)) = 0 is
dx deep to start with is
2 2 2 2
(a) (x y + cos xy) = c (b) x (x y + cos xy) = c (a) 30 min (b) 45 min
2 2
(c) y (x y + cos xy) = c (d) None (c) 60 min (d) 80 min
22. The function satisfying the equation 27. The orthogonal trajectories of the family of curves
x x
an–1 y = xn are given by (a is the arbitary constant)
f (x) = - ò f (t) tan t dt + ò tan(t - x) dt, (a) xn + n2y = constant (b) ny2 + x2 = constant
0 0
(c) n2x + yn = constant (d) n2x – yn = constant
æ p pö 28. The orthogonal trajectories of the family of circle given by
where x Îç - , ÷ is :
è 2 2ø x2 + y2 – 2ay = 0 (a is parameter), is :
(a) 1 + cos x (b) 1 – cos x (a) x2 + y2 – 2kx = 0 (b) x2 + y2 – 2ky = 0
(c) cos x – 1 (d) none (c) x2 + y2 – 2k1x –2k2y = 0 (d) none of these

29. The equation of the curve satisfying the differential equation
d2 y 2 dy x dx + y dy y3
(x + 1) = 2x passing through the point (0, 1) and 35. Solution of the differential equation =
dx 2
dx x dx - y dy x3
having slope of tangent at x = 0 as 3 is
(a) y = x2 + 3x + 2 (b) y2 = x2 + 3x + 1 is given by
(c) y = x3 + 3x + 1 (d) None of these

3/ 2
30. A solution of the differential equation 3 æyö x 3/ 2 + y3/ 2 æyö
(a) log ç ÷ + log 3/ 2
+ tan -1 ç ÷ +c =0
2 èxø x èxø
2
æ dy ö dy
ç ÷ - x + y = 0 is:
dx
è ø dx
2 æyö x 3/ 2 + y 3/ 2 y
(a) y = 2 (b) y = 2x (b) log ç ÷ + log 3/ 2
+ tan -1 + c = 0
3 èxø x x
(c) y = 2x – 4 (d) y = 2x2 – 4
(x3 – 3xy2) dx = (y3 – 3x2y) dy is 3/ 2
2 æ yö æ x+yö -1 æ y ö
(c) log ç ÷ + log ç ÷ + tan ç
ç x 3/ 2 ÷÷ + c = 0
3 èxø è x ø è ø
2 x2 2
(a) x2 – y2 = c (x2 + y2)2 (b) y - = c x2 + y2
2
(d) none of the above
(c) (x2 – y2)2 = c (x2 + y2) (d) none of these
36. The equation of the curve satisfying the equation
32. Solution of differential equation
dy dy æ 1ö
x3 = y3 + y 2 y 2 - x 2 is x(1 - x ln y) + y = 0 and passing through ç 1, ÷ is
dx dx è eø
2 2 (a) x (ey + lny +1) = 1 (b) (ey + lnx + 1) = 1

(a) xy = c y + y - x
(c) y (ex + lny + 1) = 0 (d) None of these
2 2
(b) xy = c y + x - y 37. The equation of the curve passing through origin if the
middle point of the segment of its normal from any point of
2
(c) xy = c x + x + y
2 the curve to the x–axis lies on the parabola 2y2 = x, is
(a) y2 = 2x + 1–e2x (b) y2 = 2x – 1 + ex

(d) None
33. Solution of the differential equation (c) y2 = 2x + 1 + ex (d) None
y2 (ydx + 2xdy) – x2 (2ydx + xdy) = 0 is 38. An inverted conical tank of 2 m radius and 4 m height is
(a) x2y2 (x2 + y2) = c (b) x2y2 = (x2 – y2) + c initially full of water, has an outlet at bottom. The outlet is
2 2
(c) x y = c (d) None opened at some instant. The rate of flow through the outlet
34. The solution of the differential equation at any time t is 6h3/2, where h is height of water level above
the outlet at time t. Then the time it takes to empty the tank
dy cos x (3cos y - 7 sin x - 3)
+ = 0 is is
dx sin y (3sin x - 7 cos y + 7)
(a) (cos y – sin x – 1)2 (cos y + sin x – 1)5 = c 2p p

(a) units (b) units
2
(b) (cos x – sin y + 1) (cos y + sin x – 1) = c 5 11 9
(c) (cos y – sin x – 1)5 (cos y + sin x – 1)2 = c
(d) none of these 2p
(c) units (d) none of these
8

Objective Questions II [One or more than one correct option] Numerical Value Type Questions
43. If the solution of differential equation

39. Solutions of the differential equation
d2y dy
2 x2 + 2x = 12 y is y = Axm + Bx–n then find the value
æ dy ö dy x -x dx 2 dx
ç ÷ - (e + e ) + 1 = 0 are given by
è dx ø dx of m + n, if m & n Î N.
44. A rumour spreeds through a population of 5000 people at
-x -x
(a) y + e =C (b) y - e =C a rate proportional to the product of the number of people
who have heard it and the number who have not. Suppose
(c) y + e x = C
x
(d) y - e = C that 100 people initiate the rumour and that a total of 500
people know the rumour after 2 days. How many days will
it take for half the people to hear the rumour (round off to
dy nearest integer)
40. The solution of p 2 + 2 y cot x p = y 2 where p = is
dx
(log 9/log 49 = 129/229).
(a) y 1 + cos x = c (b) y 1 - cos x = c Match the Following
Each question has two columns. Four options are given

c -1
(c) x = 2sin -1 (d) x = 2 sin 2y + C
Column-II. Only one of these four options corresponds
2y
corresponding to the correct matching.
dy x 2 + y 2 + 1
41. The solution of = satisfying y(1) = 1 is 45. Column I Column II
dx 2 xy
Diff. equation Solution curve
given by
x3 y 3
(a) a hyperbola (b) a circle (A) (1+xy) xdy + (1–xy) ydx = 0 (P) +
3 3
(c) y2 = x (1+ x) – 1 (d) (x – 2)2 + (y – 3)2 = 5
– 2x2y – 2xy2 = c
42. Solution of the differential equation :
-1 æ yö
(3 tan x + 4 cot y – 7) sin2y dx – (4tan x + 7 cot y – 5) (B) (x2 – 4xy – 2y2) dx (Q) + log ç ÷ = c
xy èxø
cos2xdy = 0 is
+ (y2–4xy–2x2) dy = 0
3 2 7
(a) cot x - 7 cot x + tan 2 y - 5 tan y + 4 cot x.tan y = c (C) ey.dx + (xey–2y) dy = 0 (R) x2 + y 2 - x / y = c
2 2
xdx + ydy ydx - xdy

3 2 7 2 (D) = (S) xey – y2 = c
(b) tan x - 7 tan x + cot y - 5cot y + 4 tan x.cot y = c 2
x +y 2 y2
2 2
(c) 3 tan2y – 14 cot x.tan2y + 7 cot2x –10 tan y cot2x The correct matching is :
(a) (A–Q; B–P; C–S; D–R)
+ 8 cot x. tan y + 2c cot2x tan2y = 0
(b) (A–P; B–S; C–S; D–R)
(d) 3 cot2y – 14cot x. cot2y + 7 cot2x + 10 cot y tan2x
(c) (A–P; B–S; C–Q; D–R)
+ 8 tan x . cot y = 0
(d) (A–Q; B–P; C–R; D–S)

Using the following passage, solve Q.46 and Q.47 Text
Passage 48. A normal is drawn at a point P(x, y) of a curve meets the

x–axis at Q. If PQ is of constant length k, then show that
Consider the differential equation ex (ydx – dy) = e–x (ydx + dy). the differential equation of the curve is
Let y = f(x) be a particular solution to this differential equation
dy
which passes through the point (0, 2). y = ± k2 - y2
dx
æ 1ö 1 49. If (a + bx)ey/x = x then prove that
Let C º y = log1/ 4 ç x - ÷ + log4 (16x2 – 8x + 1), be another curve
è 4ø 2
2
d 2 y æ dy ö
46. The range of the function g(x) = log2 (f(x)) is x3 2
= çx - y÷
dx è dx ø
(a) [1, ¥) (b) [2, ¥)
(c) [0, ¥) (d) None of these 50. A curve passing through the point (1, 1) has the property
that the perpendicular distance of the origin from the normal
47. If the area bounded by the curve y = f(x), curve C, ordinate
at any point P of the curve is equal to the distance of P from
1 the x-axis. Determine the equation of the curve.
x = 1/4 & the ordinate x = a is 4 - ln 4+ - e1/ 4 , then
e1/4
value of a is
(a) ln 6 (b) ln 4
(c) 4 (d) ln 12


Objective Questions I [Only one correct option] 6. Let f(x) be differentiable on the interval (0, ¥) such that
1. If x2 + y2 = 1, then (2000) t 2f (x) - x 2f (t)

f(1) = 1, and lim = 1 for each x > 0. Then
t ®x t-x
(a) yy’’ – 2 (y’)2 + 1 = 0
f (x) is : (2007)
(b) yy’’ + (y’)2 + 1 = 0
(c) yy’’ + (y’)2 – 1 = 0 1 2x 2 1 4x 2
(a) + (b) - +
3x 3 3x 3
(d) yy’’ + 2 (y’)2 + 1 = 0
1 2 1
dy (c) - + (d)
2. If y(t) is a solution of (1+t) –ty = 1 and y(0) = –1, then x x2 x
dt
y(1) is equal to (2003)
dy 1- y2
7. The differential equation = determines a
-1 1 dx y
(a) (b)
2 2 family of circles with : (2007)
(a) variable radii and a fixed centre at (0, 1)
(c) 1 (d) –1
(b) variable radii and a fixed centre at (0, – 1)
2 + sin x æ dy ö (c) fixed radius 1 and variable centres along the x-axis
3. If y = y (x) and ç ÷ = - cos x, y(0) = 1, then
y + 1 è dx ø (d) fixed radius 1 and variable centres along the y-axis
8. The function y = f(x) is the solution of the differential
æpö
y ç ÷ equals : (2004)
è2ø dy xy x4 + 2 x
equation + 2 =
dx x - 1 1 - x2
1 2
(a) (b)
3 3 3
2
in (–1, 1) satisfying f(0) = 0. Then ò f ( x ) dx

1
(c) - (d) 1 -
3
3 2
4. The solution of primitive equation is (2014)

(x2 + y2)dy = xy dx, is y = y (x).
p 3 p 3
(a) - (b) -
If y(1) = 1 and y (x0) = e, then x0 is (2005) 3 2 3 4
e2 + 1 p 3 p 3
(a) (b) 2 e2 + 1 (c) - (d) -
2 6 4 6 2
9. If y = y(x) satisfies the differential equation
(c) 2 (d)
2 e -1 3e
-1
æ ö
5. For the primitive integral equation 8 x 9 + x dy = ç 4 + 9 + x ÷ dx, x > 0
è ø
ydx + y2dy = x dy; x Î R, y > 0,
and y(0) = 7 , then y (256) = (2017)
y = y (x), y(1) = 1, then y (–3) is (2005)
(a) 80 (b) 9
(a) 3 (b) 5
(c) 16 (d) 3
(c) 1 (d) 2

Objective Questions II [One or more than one correct option]

14. Let G denote a curve y = f x which is in the first
10. A curve y = f(x) passes through (1, 1) and tangent at
quadrant and let the point 1, 0 lie on it. Let the tangent
P(x, y) cuts the x–axis and y–axis at A and B respectively
such that BP : AP = 3 : 1, then (2006) to G at a point P intersect the y - axis at YP . If PYP has
(a) equation of curve is xy’ – 3y = 0
length 1 for each point P on G. Then which of the following
(b) normal at (1, 1) is x + 3y = 4 options is/are correct? (2019)
(c) curve passes through (2,1/8)
(d) equation of curve is x3y – 1 = 0 æ 1 + 1 - x2 ö

(a) y = - ln ç ÷ + 1 - x2
ç x ÷
11. Let y(x) be a solution of the differential equation (1 + ex)y¢ è ø
+ yex = 1. If y(0) = 2, then which of the following statement
is (are) true ? (2015) (b) xy '+ 1 - x 2 = 0
(a) y(-4) = 0
(b) y(-2) = 0 (c) xy '- 1 - x 2 = 0
(c) y(x) has a critical point in the interval (-1, 0)
(d) y(x) has no critical point in the interval (-1, 0) æ 1 + 1 - x2 ö

(d) y = ln çç ÷ - 1 - x2
x ÷
12. Consider the family of all circles whose centers lie on the è ø
straight line y = x. If this family of circle is represented by
the differential equation Py¢¢ + Qy¢ + 1 = 0, where P, Q are 15. For any real numbers a and b, let ya, b x , x Î R, be the
æ dy d2y ö
functions of x, y and y¢ ç here y¢= dx , y¢¢= dx 2 ÷ , then which dy
è ø solution of the differential equation + ay = xebx ,
dx
of the following statements is (are) true ? (2015)
(a) P = y + x y(1) = 1. Let S = y a, b x : a, b Î R . Then which of the
(b) P = y - x following functions belong(s) to the set S? (2021)

(c) P + Q = 1 – x + y + y¢ + (y¢)2
x2 -x æ 1ö
(d) P - Q = x + y - y¢ - (y¢) 2 (a) f x = e + ç e - ÷ e-x
2 è 2ø
13. A solution curve of the differential equation
dy x2 -x æ 1ö
2
(x + xy + 4x + 2y + 4) - y2 =0, x > 0, passes through the (b) f x = - e + ç e + ÷ e- x
dx 2 è 2ø
point (1, 3). Then the solution curve (2016)

ex æ 1ö æ e2 ö -x
(a) intersects y = x + 2 exactly at one point (c) f x = ç x - ÷ + çç e - ÷÷ e
2 è 2ø è 4 ø
(b) intersects y = x + 2 exactly at two points
(c) intersects y = (x + 2)2

ex æ1 ö æ e2 ö -x
(d) f x = ç - x ÷ + çç e + ÷÷ e
(d) does NOT intersect y = (x + 3) 2 2 è2 ø è 4 ø

Numerical Value Type Questions Match the Following
16. Let f be a real-valued differentiable function on R (the set Each question has two columns. Four options are given
of all real numbers) such that f (1) = 1. If the y-intercept of representing matching of elements from Column-I and
the tangent at any point P (x, y) on the curve y = f (x) is Column-II. Only one of these four options corresponds
equal to the cube of the abscissa of P, then the value of to a correct matching.For each question, choose the option
f (–3) is equal to.... (2010) corresponding to the correct matching.
17. Let f : [1, ¥) ® [2, ¥) be a differential funciton such that
19. Column I Column II
x
f(1) = 2. If 6ò f (t) dt = 3x f(x) – x3 – 5, p/ 2

cos x
1 (A) ò (sin x) (cos x cot x - log(sin x)sin x )dx (P) 1
0
Then f(2) = (2011)
(B) Area bounded by (Q) 0
Assertion & Reason
2 2
4y = – x and x –1 = – 5y
(A) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is true, REASON is a (C) Cosine of the angle of intersection (R) Key/2
of curves y = 3x – 1 log x and y = xx – 1 is
(D) Solution of differential equation (S) 4/3
(C) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is false. dy 2
= is x + y + 2 = . . . (2006)
(D) If ASSERTION is false, REASON is true. dx (x + y)
The correct matching is :

18. Let a solution y = y(x) of the differential equation
(a) (A–P; B–P; C–S; D–R)
2 (b) (A–P; B–S; C–R; D–P)
x x 2 - 1 dy - y y 2 - 1 dx = 0 Satisfy y(2) = .
3
(c) (A–P; B–S; C–R; D–S)
(d) (A–P; B–S; C–P; D–R)
(2008)
Text
æ pö
Assertion : y(x) = sec ç sec-1 x - ÷ 20. A curve passes through (2, 0) and slope at point P(x, y) is
è 6ø
(x + 1)2 + (y - 3)
. Find equation of curve and area
1 2 3 1 (x + 1)
Reason : y(x) is given by = - 1- 2
y x x between curve and x–axis in 4th quadrant. (2004)
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D


Answer Key
CHAPTER -5 INDEFINITE INTEGRATION
EXERCISE - 1 : EXERCISE - 2 :
BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS PREVIOUS YEAR JEE MAIN QUESTIONS
DIRECTION TO USE - DIRECTION TO USE -

Scan the QR code and check detailed solutions. Scan the QR code and check detailed solutions.
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (a) 1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (b)
6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (c) 10. (d) 6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (c)
11. (a) 12. (b) 13. (d) 14. (d) 15. (b) 11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (d)
16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (a) 16. (a) 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (c) 20. (b)
21. (a) 22. (b) 23. (a) 24. (b) 25. (b) 21. (c) 22. (d) 23. (a) 24. (b) 25. (a)
26. (a) 27. (a) 28. (b) 29. (b) 30. (a) 26. (d) 27. (c) 28. (b) 29. (a) 30. (a)
31. (b) 32. (a) 33. (b) 34. (c) 35. (b) 31. (a) 32. (a) 33. (d) 34. (a) 35. (c)
36. (c) 37. (a) 38. (b) 39. (c) 40. (a) 36. (b) 37. (15) 38. (7) 39. (c) 40. (3)
41. (c) 42. (b) 43. (a) 44. (b) 45. (a) 41. (c) 42. (b) 43. (a) 44. (6) 45. (d)
46. (d) 47. (a) 48. (b) 49. (b) 50. (a)
51. (b) 52. (b) 53. (c) 54. (c) 55. (c)
56. (c) 57. (a) 58. (a) 59. (d) 60. (b)
61. (b) 62. (b) 63. (b) 64. (c) 65. (d)
66. (c) 67. (3) 68. (8) 69. (1) 70. (9)
71. (4) 72. (2) 73. (3) 74. (6) 75. (8)
76. (8) 77. (2) 78. (36) 79. (1) 80. (10)

ANSWER KEY 160
CHAPTER -5 INDEFINITE INTEGRATION
ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS PREVIOUS YEAR JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS

1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (c) 1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (a,c) 5. (d)
6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (c)
11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (b) 14. (b) 15. (b)
16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (a)
21. (b) 22. (d) 23. (c) 24. (b) 25. (c)
26. (c) 27. (c) 28. (a) 29. (b) 30. (d)
31. (a) 32. (b) 33. (b) 34. (d) 35. (a)
36. (a) 37. (a) 38. (c) 39. (c) 40. (c)
41. (a) 42. (d) 43. (a) 44. (a,b,c,d)
45. (a,b) 46. (b,d) 47. (c,d) 48. (2240)49. (1998)
50. (1982)51. (1) 52. (2) 53. (d) 54. (c)
55. (c) 56. (b) 57. (b) 58. (c) 59. (d)
60. (d) 61. (d) 62. (a)
1 1 3 x
63. - log x + 1 + log x 2 + 1 + tan -1 x + 2 +c
2 4 2 x +1
2x + 2 ö 3
64. x + 1 tan -1 æç 2
÷ - log 4x + 8x + 13 + c
è 3 ø 4
æ 1 1 x +1 ö
65. -ln ç - + ÷÷ + C
ç x +1 2
è x2 + x + 1 ø

Answer Key
CHAPTER -6 DEFINITE INTEGRATION, AREA UNDER CURVES

1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (b) 1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (c)
6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (c) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (c)
11. (b) 12. (c) 13. (c) 14. (d) 15. (a)
11. (c) 12. (c) 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (d) 16. (d) 17. (d) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (c)
16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (a) 21. (d) 22. (18) 23. (a) 24. (b) 25. (d)
21. (a) 22. (c) 23. (a) 24. (c) 25. (d) 26. (d) 27. (a) 28. (c) 29. (a) 30. (b)
31. (c) 32. (d) 33. (d) 34. (1.50) 35. (1)
26. (d) 27. (b) 28. (b) 29. (b) 30. (d)
36. (a) 37. (d) 38. (d) 39. (c) 40. (a)
31. (d) 32. (a) 33. (b) 34. (b) 35. (b) 41. (b) 42. (21) 43. (a) 44. (b) 45. (a)
36. (d) 37. (c) 38. (a) 39. (c) 40. (b) 46. (c) 47. (a) 48. (b) 49. (c) 50. (d)
41. (b) 42. (c) 43. (a) 44. (c) 45. (d) 51. (d) 52. (d) 53. (c) 54. (d) 55. (d)
56. (b) 57. (d) 58. (c) 59. (d) 60. (c)
46. (d) 47. (a) 48. (c) 49. (a) 50. (c)
61. (c) 62. (1) 63. (5) 64. (b) 65. (b)
51. (2) 52. (2) 53. (1) 54. (2) 55. (4) 66. (b) 67. (a) 68. (d) 69. (c) 70. (d)
56. (3) 57. (3) 58. (2) 59. (50) 60. (4) 71. (d) 72. (d) 73. (b) 74. (a) 75. (5)
61. (19) 62. (29) 63. (2) 64. (d) 65. (a) 76. (4) 77. (a) 78. (c) 79. (c) 80. (3)
81. (d) 82. (b) 83. (d) 84. (b) 85. (a)
66. (b) 67. (d) 68. (b) 69. (b) 70. (a)
86. (19) 87. (d) 88. (a) 89. (2) 90. (b)
71. (b) 72. (a) 73. (c) 74. (a) 75. (b) 91. (1) 92. (406) 93. (1) 94. (16) 95. (c)
76. (b) 77. (c) 78. (d) 79. (a) 80. (c) 96. (d) 97. (d) 98. (1) 99. (a) 100. (a)
81. (b) 82. (2) 83. (2) 84. (4) 85. (3) 101. (1) 102. (512) 103. (c) 104. (8) 105. (b)
106. (d) 107. (a) 108. (a) 109. (b) 110. (d)
86. (6) 87. (1) 88. (6) 89. (3) 90. (2)
111. (d) 112. (b) 113. (c) 114. (d) 115. (c)
116. (d) 117. (b) 118. (d) 119. (d) 120. (b)
121. (c) 122. (b) 123. (b) 124. (b) 125. (b)
126. (c) 127. (d) 128. (b) 129. (b) 130. (d)
131. (b) 132. (b) 133. (d) 134. (c) 135. (b)
136. (a) 137. (b) 138. (a) 139. (1) 140. (a)
141. (d) 142. (b) 143. (2) 144. (d) 145. (114)
146. (27) 147. (d) 148. (26) 149. (d) 150. (b)
151. (64) 152. (4) 153. (b) 154. (41) 155. (b)

ANSWER KEY 162
CHAPTER -6 DEFINITE INTEGRATION, AREA UNDER CURVES


1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (d) 1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (c)
6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (d) 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (d)
11. (a) 12. (c) 13. (d) 14. (b) 15. (d) 11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (c)
16. (d) 17. (b) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (d) 16. (b) 17. (d) 18. (a) 19. (d) 20. (a)
21. (c) 22. (c) 23. (a) 24. (d) 25. (b) 21. (a,d) 22. (a,b,c)23. (b,d) 24. (a,c,d)
26. (a) 27. (c) 28. (a) 29. (c) 30. (d) 25. (a,c) 26. (b,c) 27. (a,c) 28. (a,b) 29. (a,b,d)
31. (d) 32. (d) 33. (c) 34. (a) 35. (c) 30. (a,b,c) 31. (5051) 32. (2) 33. (0)
36. (b) 37. (c) 38. (b) 39. (a) 40. (d) 34. (9) 35. (7) 36. (1) 37. (2) 38. (4)
41. (c) 42. (a) 43. (c) 44. (d) 45. (b) 39. (0.50)40. (4) 41. (182) 42. (a) 43. (d)
46. (a,c) 47. (a,b,d) 48. (a,d) 49. (b, c) 44. (c) 45. (b) 46. (a) 47. (d) 48. (a,b,c)
50. (a,c,d) 51. (a,b) 52. (3) 53. (c) 49. (c,d) 50. (2) 51. (1.50) 52. (c) 53. (d)
54. (a) 55. (a) 56. (a) 57. (d) 58. (c)
1 2 4p æ1ö
54. ln x 55. tan -1 ç ÷
1 1 2 3 è2ø
59. (b) 60. π 61. 62. (b)
2
log 6 -
2 10
24 æ æ1ö e æ1ö ö
63. (b) 64. (a) 65. (a) 66. (c) 67. (b) 56. ç ecos ç ÷ + sin ç ÷ - 1÷ 57. (b) 58. (c)
5 è 2
è ø 2 è2ø ø
68. (d) 69. (d) 70. (b) 71. (c) 72. (c)
73. (d) 74. (b) 75. (b) 76. (a) 77. (d) 59. (c) 60. (a) 61. (a) 62. (a,b,d)63. (b,d)
78. (a) 79. (a) 80. (a) 64. (3) 65. (4)

Answer Key
CHAPTER -7 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (d) 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (c)
6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (c) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (d) 10. (d)
11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (c) 15. (d) 11. (d) 12. (a) 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (a)
16. (a) 17. (c) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (b) 16. (d) 17. (b) 18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (a)
21. (a) 22. (a) 23. (b) 24. (b) 25. (d) 21. (a) 22. (a) 23. (b) 24. (c) 25. (b)
26. (a) 27. (d) 28. (a) 29. (d) 30. (b) 26. (c) 27. (b) 28. (b) 29. (b) 30. (c)
31. (c) 32. (a) 33. (b) 34. (c) 35. (b) 31. (d) 32. (b) 33. (b) 34. (b) 35. (d)
36. (c) 37. (b) 38. (a) 39. (b) 40. (c) 36. (b) 37. (c) 38. (b) 39. (d) 40. (c)
41. (b) 42. (b) 43. (c) 44. (b) 45. (a) 41. (c) 42. (b) 43. (3) 44. (a) 45. (b)
46. (b) 47. (c) 48. (d) 49. (b) 50. (a) 46. (a) 47. (b) 48. (2) 49. (b) 50. (a)
51. (b) 52. (b) 53. (1) 54. (4) 55. (3) 51. (d) 52. (c) 53. (a) 54. (d) 55. (a)
56. (2) 57. (5) 58. (35) 59. (20) 60. (2) 56. (b) 57. (a) 58. (d) 59. (9) 60. (d)
61. (1) 62. (2) 63. (c) 64. (c) 65. (d)
66. (2) 67. (4) 68. (a) 69. (b) 70. (16)
71. (2) 72. (2) 73. (b) 74. (c) 75. (4)
76. (b) 77. (1) 78. (d) 79. (d) 80. (c)
81. (b) 82. (c) 83. (b) 84. (b) 85. (b)
86. (c) 87. (d) 88. (d) 89. (1) 90. (4)

ANSWER KEY 164
CHAPTER -7 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS


1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (a) 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (a)
6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (b) 10. (b) 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (c,d)
11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (b) 14. (a) 15. (a) 11. (a,c) 12. (b,c) 13. (a,d) 14. (b,d) 15. (a,c)
16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (a) 20. (b) 16. (9) 17. (6) 18. (c) 19. (d)
21. (b) 22. (c) 23. (a) 24. (b) 25. (c)
4
26. (c) 27. (b) 28. (a) 29. (c) 30. (c) 20. y = x2 – 2x, sq.unit
3
31. (a) 32. (a) 33. (d) 34. (a) 35. (d)
36. (a) 37. (a) 38. (d) 39. (a,d) 40. (a,b,c)
41. (a,c) 42. (b,c) 43. (7) 44. (5) 45. (a)
46. (a) 47. (b)
50. x2 + y2 = 2x or x = 1

MASTER INDEX
VOLUME 1:
Determinants & Matrices
Relations , Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Continuity, Differentiability & Differentiation
Applications of Derivatives
VOLUME 2:
Indefinite Integration
Definite Integration, Area under curves
Differential Equations
VOLUME 3:
Vectors & 3-Dimensional Geometry
Probability

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Solved examples ............................................................................................................................... 17

Exercise - 1 : Basic Objective Questions............................................................................................ 29

Exercise - 2 : Previous Year JEE MAIN Questions ........................................................................... 38

Exercise - 3 : Advanced Objective Questions .................................................................................. 44

Exercise - 4 : Previous Year JEE Advanced Questions ..................................................................... 52

Answer Key ........................................................................................................................................ 159

DEFINITE INTEGRATION, AREA UNDER CURVES

Solved examples ............................................................................................................................... 61

Exercise - 1 : Basic Objective Questions............................................................................................ 75

Exercise - 2 : Previous Year JEE MAIN Questions ........................................................................... 82

Exercise - 3 : Advanced Objective Questions .................................................................................. 98

Exercise - 4 : Previous Year JEE Advanced Questions ..................................................................... 107

Answer Key ........................................................................................................................................ 161

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Theory ................................................................................................................................................ 115

Solved examples ............................................................................................................................... 125

Exercise - 1 : Basic Objective Questions............................................................................................ 133

Exercise - 2 : Previous Year JEE MAIN Questions ........................................................................... 138

Exercise - 3 : Advanced Objective Questions .................................................................................. 150

Exercise - 4 : Previous Year JEE Advanced Questions ..................................................................... 156

Answer Key ........................................................................................................................................ 163

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d = ò f1 (x)dx ± ò f 2 (x)dx ± ò f 3 (x)dx ± ...

1.2 Properties of Indefinite Integration

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10. ò cos ec x cot x dx = - cos ec x + C. 1 1

14. ò cos ec x dx = log | cos ec x - cot x | + C

2.1 Method of Substitution

Thus, ò f ´(ax + b) dx = ò f ´(t) a

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2.3 Integrals of the Form 2.5 Integrals of the Form

The integral in this case is converted to

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2.8 Integrals of the Form

where k, a0, a1, ... an – 1 are constants to be determined by p

3. INTEGRATION BY PARTIAL FRACTIONS

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4.1 Integrals of the Form:

4.3 Integrals of the Form dx

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5.5 Integrals of the Form

5.4 Integrals of the Form

(i) Put Numerator = l (denominator) + m (derivative of

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Reduction formuale makes it possible to reduce an integral n n -1