De BC) Adsorption Questions Latest Adsorption MCO Objective Questions Ca AGERE SBR Re lla) Start Complete Exam Preparation CR erence tea ei ented) Daa re Cee EN Download App Question 1: View this Question Online > In Freundlich adsorption isotherm, slope of AB line is: B log P —> 1. nwith (p, 0.1 to 0.5) 2. log nwith (n> 1) 1. 3. logar with (n <1) 4, with ( = 001) Answer (Detailed Solution Below). Option 43 4-with (7, = Oto 1)coaching ale aoe govt. exams Under One Roof FREE) Demo Classes Available" Ace your General Science and Chemistry preparations for Surface Chemistry with us and master Adsorption for your exams. Learn today! Adsorption Question 1 Detailed Solution Concept: + Freundlich adsorption isotherm: Freundlich isotherm for adsorption give an empirical relationship between the quantity of gas adsorbed by unit mass of solid adsorbent and pressure at a particular temperature. The relationship can be represented by the following equation: Xho Fa =kp'"(n>1) (1) + Where x= mass of gas adsorbed + m= mass of adsorbent + k= Constant + Freundlich adsorption isotherm can be better understood by plotting a curve between the mass of the gas adsorbed per gram of the adsorbent is plotted against pressure. 195 K 244K 273K The. p— + From the curve, it is clear that at e fixed pressure, there is a decrease in physical adsorption with an increase in temperature. These curves always seem to approach saturation at high pressure. 3 a re+ For the given curve in question, taking the log on. ics of equation 1. we get, log =0g k+— log— = log k+—log p m n (2) + Freundlich isotherm can be verified by plotting log x mon y-axis and log p on x-axis . If it comes to be a straight line, the Freundlich isotherm is valid, otherwise, it is not. log P —> + For the straight line equation, y=mxte + where m is the slope. + On comparing the straight line equation with equation 2, slope = 1/n * Where, 1/n varies from 0 to 1 since n> 1, Correct answer: 4) ©; Additional information + Freundlich isotherm fails at high pressure since experimental isotherms always seem to approach saturation at high pressure. + Freundlich’s equation approximately describes the behavior of adsorption from solution with a difference that instead of pressure, the concentration of the solution is taken into account. GER ABR Rela) Pela meow cui mere- serie laced) CRO R oreo iG) Pan ar oe col Yt s Download App Question 2: View this Question Online > The continuous zig-zag movement of colloidal particles in a dispersion medium is called 1. Dispersion2. Tyndall effect Brownian movement co 4. Oscillation of ‘O- Below) Brownian movement Adsorption Question 2 Detailed Solution Explanation: Brownian movement: + Sometimes, when the beam of sunlight enters e room, we can see tiny dust perticles suspended in the air which is moving rapidly. + The tiny dust particles move here and there because they are constantly hit by the fast-moving particles of air. + The zig-zag movernent of the small particles suspended in a liquid (or gas) is called Brownian motion. + The existence of Brownian motion gives us two conclusions about the nature of matter + That matter is made up of tiny particles, and ¢ That the particles of matter are constantly moving. » The host vider forthe cvistence onc mawoment ofcaricios in tind waenivernty Grist (aeBrown in 1827. Hence, the continuous zig-zag movement of colloidal particles in a dispersion medium is called Brownian Motion. z So, the correct option is the Brownian movement. ©; Additional Information Dispersion: + Dispersion is the scattering of light into ahi when it is passed through a « {White ight when passes through a prism, gets dpersed into seven components. Glass prism Tyndall Effect: + The scattering of light by particles in a colloid or else particles in a very fine suspension is. called the Tyndall effect. + Tyndall scattering occurs when the dimensions of the particles that are causing the scattering ate larger than the wavelength of the scattered radiation. + Tyndall effect is due to the scattering of light by colloidal particles. Hence, milk, starch solution, and emulsions show the Tyndall effect. ad eRe ann Peete eye Start Complete Exam Preparation Panos bad er fio ines MasterCl resieacrg Download App Question 3: View this Question Online > Adsorption of gases on solid surface is exothermic because:1. Enthalpy is positive 2. Entropy decreases NA 3. Entropy increases 190 O 4 cee er (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2 : Entropy decreases Adsorption Question 3 Detailed Solution Concept: Adsorption: + Adsorption is defined as the deposition of molecular species onto the surface. * The molecular species that gets adsorbed on the surface is known as Adsorbate and the surface on which adsorption occurs is known es adsorbent. + Itis a surface phenomenon and occurs due to the unsaturation of forces on the surface of an adsorbate molecule. Adsorbate Adsorbent co e anne Oo + There are two types of adsorption: Physical or physisorption where there exist 0 n der Waals forces between adsorbent and adsorbate. » Chemical or chemisorption “x formed between adsorbent and adsorbate. Explanation: - The process of adsorption inciuicies the following steps: + Diffusion of reactants on the surface of the solid catalyst. + Adsorption of the reactants on the surface. + Reaction on the surface + Desorption of the products from the surface and + Diffusion of products away from the surface. + During the process of adsorption, the molecules which were free get adhered to the surface of the catalyst end become bound by attraction. + From a free state, they go into a restricted state, and thus the entropy of particles decreases.ae a ee oe eae ‘excess energy is released in the form of heat, which makes the process exothermic in nature. Hence, the adsorption of gases on solid surface is exothermic because the entropy decreases. ee India’s #1 Leaning Platform TR eect Start Complete Exam Preparation kee ore Dao ies cielo Creer Prete Jownload App Question 4: View this Question Online > Smoke is a dispersion of 1. Asolidin gas 2. Agasin solid 3. Agas in gas 4. Aliquid in gas Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1 : A solid in ges Yo Question 4 Detailed Solution The correct answer is A solid in gas. Concept: + A system made up of a substance distributed or scattered as minute particles of solid droplets of a liquid or extremely tiny bubbles of gas into the body of another substance is called a dispersion system. + A dispersion system is a two-phase system. + The distributed substance is called the dispersed phase and the continuous medium around it is called the dispersion medium.* Depending upon the particle size of the dispersed phase, the dispersion system may be classified as 1. True solutions 2. Colloidal solutions 3. Suspensions. lanation: Classification of colloids based on the type of phases: * The colloidal system is heterogeneous in nature and consists of two phases called the dispersion medium and the dispersed phase. + The component that Is present in a small amount and behaves like a solute Is called the dispersed phase and the component present in excess is called dispersion medium. + Depending on the nature of dispersed phase and dispersion medium, colloids can be classified as Dispersed] Dispersion Colloidal phase medium system Examples Minerals, Solid Solid Solid sols | gemstones Paints, _ Solid Liquid sols y water | dust Solid Gas Aerosols _ storm Butter, gellies, Liquid Solid Gels boot polish Milk, Liquid Liquid Emulsion medicines ‘Aerosols of | Fog, clouds, Liquid Gas liquids insect sprays Gas Solid Solid foam | Foam, rubber Soda water, whipped Gas Liquid Foam, froth cream + From the above table, it is clear that smoke contains solid particles suspended in the gaseous phase. + Hence, smoke is a dispersion of solid in gas. » Important Points * Gas in the gas phase is true solution.Pela me) VCM clumsy elec) Practice inky eestor pris Question 5: View this Question Online > Which of the following empirical equations represents the Freundlich adsorption curve? 1. xm=kpl/? 2. x/m=k pus 3. m/x=kpu" 4. x/m=k/ pir Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: x/m =k pl/7 ‘Adsorption Question 5 Detailed Solution N ‘Adsorption: + Adsorption is defined as the deposition of molecular species onto the surface * The molecular species that gets adsorbed on the surface is known as Adsorbent and the surface on which adsorption occurs is known es Adsorbate. + It is a surface phenomenon and occurs due to the unsaturation of forces on the surface of an adsorbate molecule Adsorbate Adsorbent Adsorption+ There are two types of adsorption: + Physical or physisorption where there exist only weak van der Waals forces between adsorbent and adsorbate + Chemical or chemisorption where new bonds are formed between adsorbent and adsorbate. Explanation: + In adsorption isotherms, the fraction of moles of adsorbate (x) by the grams of adsorbent(m) versus P is plotted. + The Freundlich isotherm gives us the empirical relationship between the amount of gas adsorbed and its equilibrium pressure P. + Itis seen that the amount of adsorption increases with an increase of pressure when the pressure is in the lower range. + As the pressure increases, the rate of adsorption increases but reaches saturation after some point. + After this point, the amount of adsorption doesn't change even when pressure is increased. + The equation of Freundlich isotherm is given as follows: az & P= winere kand n are constant for @ particular adsorbent and adsorbete at temperature. + The graph is represented as follows. Pressure Temp + When the temperature Is fixed and pressure Is low, the adsorption becomes directly proportional to the pressure of the gas. + The relation reduces to xekP. This signifies, 1/n = 1 or n=1. + Ata higher range of pressure, the adsorption becomes independent of pressure and the equation reduces to x/m= k. Hence, the equation 2 % P» represents the Freundlich adsorption curve. » Important Points + In Freundlich adsorption isotherm, the value of 1/n is 0 to 1. + Adsorption theory explains heterogeneous catalysis. DoePade 5 prac Galietes Core a Gar) Download App Question 6 ‘View this Question Online > Which among the following is an example of Adsorption? 1. Silica gel in contact with water vapours 2. Misty windows 3. Painting 4 x - above Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: All of the above Adsorption Question 6 Detailed Solution The correct answer is Alll of the above. + Adsorption: * Itis the process of deposition of molecules of liquid or gases onto the surface of solid particle. Silica and aluminium gels are used to adsorb moisture to reduce humidity. Misty windows: Water molecules cling to the window glass. Painting: molecules of liquid paint cling to wood, metals, and other materials. The chromatographic analysis is based on the phenomenon of adsorption ©; Additional Information + Sorption describes the actions of absorption and adsorption-desorption is the opposite of sorption. y + Adsorption and absorp important processes that occur in chemistry and biology. + Itis important to haye en tanding of both processes and the differences between them when considering separation protocols, particularly in gas and liquid chromatography. The major difference between adsorption and absorption is that one is a surface process and the other a bulk process.1. Adsorption — takes place on the surface of a substrate 2. Absorption — one substance enters the bulk, or volume, of another substance e.g. a gas. absorbed by a liquid rd CS eee Rell) ROR erste Start Complete Exam Preparation Pract Elis Cres ctr Download App ‘Question 7 View this Question Online > Smoke is a dispersion of 1. Asolidin gas 2. Agasin solid 3. Agas in gas 4. Aliquid in gas Answer (Detailed Sélution Below) ~* 1: Asolid in gas Adsorption Question 7 Detailed Solution The correct answer is A solid in gas. Concept: + A system made up of a substance distributed or scattered as minute particles of solid droplets of a liquid or extremely tiny bubbles of gas into the body of another substance is, called a dispersion system. * A dispersion system is a two-phase system. + The distributed substance is called the dispersed phase end the continuous medium around itis Called Wie dispersion medium. + Depending upon the particle size of the dispersed phase, the dispersion system may be classified as 1. True solutions 2. Colloidal solutions 3. Suspensions. lanation: Classification of colloids based on the type of phases: * The colloidal system is heterogeneous in nature and consists of two phases called the dispersion medium and the dispersed phase. + The component that is present in a small amount and behaves like a solute is called the dispersed phase and the component present in excess is called dispersion medium. + Depending on the nature of dispersed phase and dispersion medium, colloids can be classified as: Dispersed] Dispersion | Colloidal phase | medium | system | Examples Minerals, Solid Solid Solid sols_|_gemstones Paints, Solid Liguid sols Muddy water ‘Smoke, dust Solid Gas Aerosols storm: utter, gellies) Liguid Solid Gels ot polish Milk, Liguid Liquid Emulsion | medicines Aerosols of | Fog, clouds, Liguid Gas liquids _| insect sprays Gas Solid Solid foam | Foam, rubber ‘Soda water, whipped Gas Liguid | Foam, froth | _cream + From the above table, itis clear that smoke contains solid particles suspended in the gaseous phase. * Hence, smoke is a dispersion of solid in gas. » Important Points + Gas in the gas phase is true solution. rd ie APE Bartoli) Start Complete Exam Preparation ener oe ees feed ese MasterCl Question Bank Download App GastQuestion 8 View this Question Online > Fyeunglch gdsorption isotherm equation for physical adsorption of a gas ona surface is given as Adsorption of the gas ow 1. Increases with Increase in pressure NA 2. Increases with WO 3. Does not S re sufficient information Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1 : Increases with Increase in pressure Adsorption Question 8 Detailed Solution Concept: Freundlich adsorption is applicable for physical adsorption. Freundlich expressed an empirical equation for representing the isothermal variation of adsorption of a quantity of gas adsorbed by unit mass of solid adsorbent with pressure. This equation is known as Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm or Freundlich Adsorption equation or simply Freundlich Isotherm. 2 =kPt x/m = adsorption per gram of adsorbent which is obtained by dividing the amount of adsorb: by the weight of the adsorbent (m) Pis Pressure, kand n are constants whose values depend upon adsorbent and g after temperature. Adsorbate is defined as the substance which is being adsorbed on of another substance is called adsorbate, Adsorbent is defined as the substance present in mate ¢ of which adsorption is taking place is called adsorbent. S The given Freundlich adsorption isaxbem af = =kps Whee pei we ci sa Fin tes trerowencuntirere: wth tcreticiiars taro es wae as 5! tht reese sued denrercrveten ete ibis “Phe.curve is also called the Freundlich isotherm curve. The variation of extend of adsorption with pressure and temperature is given by the following curves. ae xi Pressure Temp eae ay Oe ote Start Complete Exam Preparation Gen (Cire Download App ‘Question 9 View this Question online > Adsorption of a gas follows Freundlich adsorption isotherm, x is the mass of the gas agsorbed on mass m of the adsorbent. The plot of !°8 ar versus log p is shown in the given graph. = is proportional to:Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1: p’”? Adsorption Question 9 Detailed Solution Concept: Freundlich adsorption isotherm: Freundlich gave an empirical relationship between the quantity of gas adsorbed by a unit mass of solid adsorbent and pressure at a particular temperature. = =Kpla Taking log on both sides, we get, log x =logK + Llogp We know that, the formula of slope is: m=) In the formula, the slope is ~a Therefore, =A From graph, the value of slope is: Qa1 Fern The Freundlich equation is: =K. pla = = x ple > = x pas & eee area E cu) Start Complete Exam Preparation ano cotPea abcd macs recs ese o Cader Download App Question 10 View this Question Online > Identify the Incorrect statement among the following regarding Brownian movement. 1. Itis observed up to particle size of 0.5 microns 2. Depends upon temperature 3. Itis the kinetic property of sol 4, itis independent of wave length of light used Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: Itis independent of wave length of light used orien Question 10 Detailed Solution Concept: Brownian motion: + Sometimes, when the beam of sunlight enters 2 room, we can see tiny dust particles suspended in the air which is moving rapidly. + The tiny dust particles move here and there because they are constantly hit by the fast-moving particles of air. - The zig-zag movement of the small particles suspended in a liquid (or gas) is called Brownian motion.TEE + The existence of Brownian motion gives us two conclusions about the nature of matter : + That matter is made up of tiny particle, and < That the particles of matter are constantly moving. + The best evidence for the existence and movement of particles in liquids was Given by Robert Brown in 1827. Explanation: Factors affecting Brownian motion: ‘ + Brownian motion is affected by any factor that affects the motion of particles. * Sol particles in a colloid are continuously bombarded by the molecules of the dispersion medium and thus show zig-zag m his Zig-zag motion is called the Brownian motion. * Brownian motion is observed in en of 0.2-0.5 microns. + Temperature influences the speed ic energy of the particles, and thus Brownian motion is affected by temperature. + The motion of particles depends on their size and thus influences Brownian motion. ~ As the number of particles increases, the number of collisions also increases, and thus Brownian motion is disrupted + The energy of the light beam depends on the wavelength of the light as E = he/A, so as the energy of light wavelength changes, the energy of the sol particles also changes which in fact alters the Brownian motion. + Thus, Brownian motion is dependent on the intensity of light wavelength used. + The Brownian motion also depends on the density and viscosity of the dispersed phase and the density and viscosity of the dispersed medium. Hence, the incorrect statement about the Brownian movernent is itis independent of the wavelength of light used. » Important Points * Brownian motion is inversely proportional to the viscosity of the medium + Gravity doesn't affect Brownian motion ad DERE sient Reel) ORR cern Start Complete Exam PreparationQuestion 11 i ° View this Question Online > If the adsorption is due to the weak van der waals forces between adsorbent and adsorbate, it is termed as 2. Chemisorption 3. Desorption 4, Pseudo adsorption Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1: Physisorption Adsorption Question 11 Detailed Solution Concept: Adsorption is defined as the deposition of molecular species onto the surface. The molecular species that gets adsorbed on the surface is known as Adsorbent and the surface on which adsorption occurs is known as Adsorbate. Types of Adsorption As = On the basis of interaction forces between adsorbate and adsorbent, adsorption is of two types. Physical adsorption: This type of adsorption is also known as physisorption. It is due to weak Van der Waals forces between adsorbate and adsorbent. For example, H2 and N2 gases — ‘charcoal. Chemical adsorption: This type of adsorption is also known as chemisorption. It is due to strong chemical forces of bonding type between adsorbate and adsorbent. ee ee re afaE PR BE tr a rake N2 gas at 623 K. ©; Additional Information Adsorption of gas on a solid is a spontaneous exothermic reaction. Eg SCT ORE SE OE OY TAS STE Amount of heat liberated when ¢ unit mass of a gas is adsorbed on the surface is called heat of adsorption. The process of removal of adsorbent from the surface of adsorbate is known as Desorption. & & Eee ee) Ree Start Complete Exam Pre, ees fens reac Los tele Crecter rns Jownload App Question 12 View this Question Online > Adsorption of gases on solid surface is exothermic because: 1. Enthalpy is positive 2. Entropy decreases 3. Entropy increases 4, Free energy increases - etailed Solution Below) Option 2 : Entropy decreases Adsorption Question 12 Detailed SolutionSEE ee, Sa SP aoe Se Sree Cay EETUES St Shee Spreur ee Seen Lew weer Senew + The molecular species that gets adsorbed on the surface is known as Adsorbate and the surface on which adsorption occurs is known as adsorbent. + Itis a surface phenomenon and occurs due to the unsaturation of forces on the surface of an adsorbate molecule. Adsorbate Adsorbent [ Adsorption + There are two types of adsorption: ) = Physical or physisorption where there exist only weak van der Waals forces between adsorbent and adsorbate. = Chemical or chemisorption where new bonds are formed between adsorbent and adsorbate. ( Explanation: / ~ + The process of adsorption includes the following steps: » Diffusion of reactants on the surface of the solid catalyst. + Adsorption of the reactants on the surface. + Reaction on the surface + Desorption of the products from the surface and » Diffusion of products away from the surface. + During the process of adsorption, the molecules which were free get adhered to the surface of the catalyst and become bound by attraction. * From a free state, they go into a restricted state, and thus the entropy of particles decreases. + As entropy decreases, the molecules become more stable or less in energy, and thus the excess energy is released in the form of heat, which makes the process exothermic in nature. Hence, the adsorption of gases on solid surface Is exothermic because the entropy decreases. a & eee eee Start Complete Exam Preparation (qa) Daily Live aR ed rarDownload App Question 13 ga View this Question online > The amount of gas adsorbed on a solid surface 4. Increases with increase in the temperature Increases with decrease in the temperature 3. Independent on temperature 4. Cannot say Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: Increases with decrease in the temperature Adsorption Question 13 Detailed Solution Concept: Adsorption is defined as the deposition of molecular species onto the surface. The molecular species that gets adsorbed on the surface is known as adsorbate and the surface on which adsorption occurs is known as adsorbent. ‘ i As adsorption is accompanied by release of heat energy, so in accordance with\Le-Chatelier’s principle, the increase of temperature should decrease the extent of adsorption. Le-Chateliers principle: It states that if a constraint (such as a change in pressure, temperature, or concentration of a reactant) is applied to a system in equilibrium, the equilibrium will shift so as to tend to counteract the effect of the constraint. i Adsorption is exothermic, so heat A: as product. Now if product (heat or temperature) is increased, equilibrium will shift towards left side (reverse adsorption). Hence, increase in temperature decreases the amount of cas adsorbed. ©; Additional Information ‘Pinner Ficn wilds veces t core carer itined vediiitnalliiis Gilneas tiles ermeuet onl cones wthelihindl beneunit mass of adsorbent (x/m) and pressure (P) at a particular temperature. The following equation was proposed for freundlich adsorption isotherm yam =keU 9 Therefore, the amount of adsorbed gas (x) increases with pressure (P). Specific area (Surface area): Specific area of an adsorbent is the surface area available for adsorption per gm of the adsorbent. Greater the specific area of an adsorbent, greater will be the adsorption. The specific erea of an adsorbent can be increased by making the surface rough. a & India’s #1 Learning Platform Cen ye Start Complete Exam Preparation alee fone Mock Tests aia Cec resieaceg xslt Download App ‘Question 14 View this Question Online > The continuous zig-zag movement of colloidal particles in a dispersion medium is called 1 Dispersion 2: Tyndall effect 3. Brownian movement 4. Oscillation Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: \ Brownian movernentAdsorption Question 14 Detailed Solution Explanation: Brownian movement: + Sometimes, when the beam of sunlight enters @ room, we can see tiny dust particles suspended in the air which is moving rapidly. + The tiny dust particles move here and there because they are constantly hit by the fast-moving particles of air. + The zig-zag movement of the small particles suspended in a liquid (or gas) is called Brownian motion. + The existence of Brownian motion gives us two conclusions about the nature of matter + That matter is made up of tiny particles, and 2 That the particles of matter are constantly moving. + The best evidence for the existence and movement of particles in liquids was given by Robert C called Brownian Motion. Brown in 1827. Hence, the continuous zig-zag movement of colloidal particles in a dispersion medium “A G ‘So, the correct option is the Brownian movement. O © Additional information xe? Dispersion: + Dispersion is the scattering of light into n Xf ints when it is passed through a . White light when passes through a pris! persed into seven components. Glass "\\ prism/ Blue Violet Tyndall Effect: + The scattering of light by particles in a colloid or else particles in a very fine suspension is called the Tyndall effect. + Tyndall scattering occurs when the dimensions of the particles that are causing the scattering are larger than the wavelength of the scattered radiation. + Tyndall effect is due to the scattering of light by colloidal particles. Hence, milk, starch solution, and emulsions show the Tyndall effect. India’s #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation Cees eee Co ipcaries Jownload App Question 15 View this Question Online > Which of the following empirical equations represents the Freundlich adsorption curve? 1. xm=kpl/? 2. x/m=kp'" 3. m/x=kpva 4. x/m=k/ pl? Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: x/m =k p'/" Adsorption Question 15 Detailed SolutionAdsorption: + Adsorption is defined as the deposition of molecular species onto the surface. + The molecular species that gets adsorbed on the surface is known as Adsorbent and the surface on which adsorption occurs is known as Adsorbate. + It is a surface phenomenon and occurs due to the unsaturation of forces on the surface of an adsorbate molecule. Adsorbate Adsorbent Adsorption + There are two types of adsorption: = Physical or physisorption where there exist only weak van der Waals forces between adsorbent and adsorbate. = Chemical or chemisorption where new bonds are formed between adsorbent and adsorbate. Explanation: + In adsorption isotherms, the fraction of moles of adsorbate (x) by the grams of adsorbent(m) versus P is plotted. + The Freundlich isotherm gives us the empirical relationship between the amount of gas adsorbed and its equilibrium pressure P. + It is seen that the amount of adsorption increases with an increase of pressure when the pressure is in the lower range. + As the pressure increases, the rate of adsorption increases but reaches saturation after som C point. + After this point, the amount of adsorption doesn't change even when pressure is i G + The equation of Freundlich isotherm is given as follows: = & Px where kand n are constant for a particular adsorbent and adsorba temperature. + The graph is represented as follows. (=) xm x/m| Pressure Temp + When the temperature is fixed and pressure is low, the adsorption becomes directly proportional to the pressure of the gas. + The relation reduces toX=kP. This signifies, 1/n = 1 orn=1. + Ata higher range of pressure, the adsorption becomes independent of pressure and the equation reduces to x/m=k. Hence, the equation a & P. » Important Points + In Freundlich adsorption isotherm, the value of 1/n is 0 to 1. + Adsorption theory explains heterogeneous catalysis. ™ represents the Freundlich adsorption curve.