This document provides an overview of basic LTE concepts required for radio network design and roll-outs, including:
1) LTE operates in different frequency bands for FDD and TDD and uses resource blocks and reference signals.
2) The LTE network contains eNodeBs and an Evolved Packet Core.
3) Frame structures differ for FDD and TDD, with TDD using special subframes to dynamically allocate uplink and downlink resources.
This document provides an overview of basic LTE concepts required for radio network design and roll-outs, including:
1) LTE operates in different frequency bands for FDD and TDD and uses resource blocks and reference signals.
2) The LTE network contains eNodeBs and an Evolved Packet Core.
3) Frame structures differ for FDD and TDD, with TDD using special subframes to dynamically allocate uplink and downlink resources.
This document provides an overview of basic LTE concepts required for radio network design and roll-outs, including:
1) LTE operates in different frequency bands for FDD and TDD and uses resource blocks and reference signals.
2) The LTE network contains eNodeBs and an Evolved Packet Core.
3) Frame structures differ for FDD and TDD, with TDD using special subframes to dynamically allocate uplink and downlink resources.
This document provides an overview of basic LTE concepts required for radio network design and roll-outs, including:
1) LTE operates in different frequency bands for FDD and TDD and uses resource blocks and reference signals.
2) The LTE network contains eNodeBs and an Evolved Packet Core.
3) Frame structures differ for FDD and TDD, with TDD using special subframes to dynamically allocate uplink and downlink resources.
• LTE/EPC Network Elements • Definitions: PRB, RE and RS • LTE Frame Structure • FDD: Type 1 Frame • TDD: Type 2 Frame • Physical Control Channels and Resource Mapping • DL • UL
• Similar in time-domain to FDD but with some specific fields to enable also TD-SCDMA co-existence: 10 ms radio frame containing 10 x 1ms subframes (TTIs) • Subframes1 and 6 are ‘special subframes’ with 3 specialised fields DwPTS: Downlink Pilot time Slot UpPTS: Uplink Pilot Time Slot GP: Guard Period to separate between UL/DL • Subframes 0, 5 and DwPTS: always reserved for downlink • Subframes 2, 7 and UpPTS reserved for uplink in case 5 ms switch-point periodicity • Remaining subframes are dynamically assigned 0.5 ms slot between UL and DL sy0 sy1 sy2 sy3 sy4 sy5 sy6
radio frame 10 ms f SF0 SF1 SF2 ... SF4 SF5 SF6 SF7 ... SF9 (DL) (UL) (DL) (DL) (UL) (DL)
• TDD allows for flexible bandwidth allocation between uplink and downlink to support asymmetric traffic - Number of subframes for uplink and downlink within the 10ms frame can be adjusted • 7 different frame configurations (NOKIA supports cfg 1 & 2) - Chosen UL/DL Configuration should be the same across all cells of a network to avoid interference between transmission directions
DL sharing and coexistence with other vendors Pattern DwPTS GP UpPTS DwPTS GP UpPTS downlink not supported. 3 11 2 1 10 1 1 • Only normal CP supported by NOK NSN legacy support SSF5&7(R8) 4 12 1 1 3 7 2 now, configured by vendor parameter cycPrefix (Cyclic 5 3 9 2 8 2 2 prefix length in DL LTE1467(RL55) support SSF9(R11) for and UL) that coexistence with TD-SCDMA and higher 7 10 2 2 6 4 2 ‘0’(normal CP) is only possible value DL sharing comparing to SSF5 9 6 6 2 - - -
• 3GPP defines 9 possible Special subframe configurations, divided into Special subframe configuration SSF5 SSF7 SSF3 SSF4 3 parts: • DwPTS (DL pilot timeslot) DwPTS (us) 214.58 714.58 785.94 857.29 • UpPTS (UL pilot timeslot) GP (us) 642.71 142.71 142.71 71.35
• Guard period UpPTS (us) 142.71 142.71 71.35 71.35
• Special subframe format (SSF) 5 and 7 for Normal CP are supported SSF5 SSF7 SSF3 SSF4 starting from RL15, configurations 3 and 4 are introduced in RL55
DwPTS
DwPTS
DwPTS
DwPTS UpPTS
UpPTS
UpPTS
UpPTS GP
GP
GP release to extend system interoperability and improve DL
Confidential DL Physical Channels (2/2) No dedicated channels in LTE, neither in UL nor DL • PHICH: - Carries H-ARQ Ack/Nack messages from eNB to UE in response to UL transmission
• PCFICH: - Carries details of PDCCH format (e.g.# of symbols)
- PUSCH mapping: Data is allocated in multiples of 1 RB (12 subcarriers in frequency domain). Only factors of 2, 3 and 5 resource blocks are allowed
- PUCCH mapping: If PUCCH not multiplexed with PUSCH then it is transmitted on a reserved frequency region. PUCCH occupies RBs at both edges of the uplink bandwidth (in green in the picture on the right)
Confidential Random Access Channel (PRACH) • RACH operation uses around 1.08 MHz bandwidth - This is equal to 6 resource blocks of 180 kHz • The location of those resource blocks is dynamically defined by 2 RRC Layer Parameters (PRACH Configuration Index and PRACH Frequency offset) - 4 possible PRACH durations (PRACH configuration index parameter selects one of the 4) • PRACH only carries the preambles and it is used during the RACH process
