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    Marieb Ch3a

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    Kyle Gonzales

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    Marieb Ch3a

    Uploaded by

    Kyle Gonzales
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    Marieb_ch3a

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    Copyright:

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    25 views25 pages

    Marieb Ch3a

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    Kyle Gonzales

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    of 25

    3

    PART A
    Cells and Tissues

    PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University

    ESSENTIALS
    OF HUMAN
    ANATOMY
    & PHYSIOLOGY
    EIGHTH EDITION

    ELAINE N. MARIEB

    Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings


    Cells
     Carry out all chemical activities needed to
    sustain life
     Cells are the building blocks of all living
    things
     Tissues are groups of cells that are similar in
    structure and function

    Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings


    Functions of the Cell
     Cells metabolism and energy Use
     cells breakdown food to produce energy, new
    molecules, heat, etc
     Synthesis of Molecules
     Proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids
     Communication
     Nerve cells/ hormones
     Reproduction and inheritance
     Sperm cells and oocytes

    Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings


    Anatomy of the Cell
     Cells are not all the same
     All cells share general structures
     Cells are organized into three main regions
     Organelles (Nucleus)
     Cytoplasm
     Plasma membrane

    Figure 3.1a
    Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
    The Nucleus
     Control center of the
    cell
     Contains genetic
    material (DNA)
     Three regions
     Nuclear
    membrane
     Nucleolus
     Chromatin

    Figure 3.1b
    Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
    Chromatin

     Composed of DNA and


    protein
     Condenses to form
    chromosomes when the
    cell divides

    Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings


    Plasma Membrane
     Selectively permeable
     Barrier for cell contents
     Double phospholipid
    layer
     Hydrophilic heads
     Hydrophobic tails
     Also contains protein,
    cholesterol, and
    glycoproteins

    Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings


    Plasma Membrane Specializations
     Microvilli
     Finger-like
    projections that
    increase surface
    area for absorption

    Figure 3.3
    Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
     Tight junctions
     Desmosomes
     Gap junctions

    Figure 3.3
    Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
    Cytoplasm

     Material outside the


    nucleus and inside the
    plasma membrane
     Cytosol
     Fluid that suspends
    other elements
     Organelles
     Metabolic machinery
    of the cell

    Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings


    Cytoplasmic Organelles

    Figure 3.4
    Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
     Ribosomes
     Made of protein and
    RNA
     Site of protein
    synthesis
     Found at two
    locations
     Free in the
    cytoplasm
     Attached to rough
    endoplasmic
    reticulum

    Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings


     Endoplasmic reticulum
    (ER)
    Two types of ER
     Rough ER- site where
    building materials of cellular
    membrane are formed (cells’
    membrane factory)
     Smooth ER- synthesize and
    breakdown cholesterol,
    metabolize fat, and detoxify
    drugs.

    Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings


     Golgi apparatus
     Modifies and
    packages proteins
     Produces different
    types of packages
     Secretory vesicles
     Cell membrane
    components

    Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings


     Lysosomes
     Contain enzymes that
    digest nonusable
    materials within the cell

    Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings


     Peroxisomes
     Membranous sacs
    of oxidase
    enzymes
     Disarm
    dangerous free
    radicals and
    convert it to
    H2O2, then to
    H2O

    Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings


     Mitochondria
     “Powerhouses” of
    the cell
     Carry out reactions
    where oxygen is
    used to break down
    food
     Provides ATP for
    cellular energy

    Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings


     Cytoskeleton
     Acts as a cells’ bones
    and muscles by
    furnishing an internal
    framework
     It gives shape and
    support

    Figure 3.7a
    Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
    Three different types
     Microfilaments-
    muscles
     Intermediate filaments-
    desmosomes
     Microtubules- nerve
    cells

    Figure 3.7b–d
    Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
     Centrioles
     Rod-shaped bodies
    made of microtubules
     Direct formation of
    mitotic spindle during
    cell division

    Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings


    Cellular Projections

     Not found in all cells


     Used for movement
     Cilia moves materials
    across the cell surface

     Flagellum propels the


    cell itself

    Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings


    Cell Diversity

    Figure 3.8a–b
    Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
    Figure 3.8c
    Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
    Figure 3.8d–e
    Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
    Figure 3.8f–g
    Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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