Java Programming

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Operator in Java

Java operators are symbols that are used to perform operations on

variables and manipulate the values of the operands. Each operator performs
specific operations.

Let us consider an expression 5 + 1 = 6; here, 5 and 1 are operands, and

the symbol + (plus) is called the operator. We will also learn about operator
precedence and operator associativity.

Types of Java Operator

 Arithmetic Operators
 Assignment Operators
 Logical Operators
 Bitwise Operators
 Ternary Operators
 Relational Operators

 Arithmetic Operators :

Arithmetic operators are used to performing addition, subtraction,

multiplication, division, and modulus. It acts as a mathematical
operations.
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Operator Description
+ ( Addition ) This operator is used to add the value of the
operands.

– ( Subtraction ) This operator is used to subtract the right-hand

operator with the left hand operator.

* ( Multiplication ) This operator is used to multiply the value of the

operands.

/ ( Division ) This operator is used to divide the left hand

operator with right hand operator.

% ( Modulus ) This operator is used to divide the left hand

operator with right hand operator and returns
remainder.

Example

Let us look at a simple code that in which all the arithmetic operators are used.

public class ArithmeticOperatorsExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int num1 = 10, num2 = 5, result;

// Addition Operator
result = num1 + num2;
System.out.println("Addition: " + result);

// Subtraction Operator
result = num1 - num2;
System.out.println("Subtraction: " + result);

// Multiplication Operator
result = num1 * num2;
System.out.println("Multiplication: " + result);

// Division Operator
result = num1 / num2;
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System.out.println("Division: " + result);

// Modulus Operator
result = num1 % num2;
System.out.println("Modulus: " + result);

// Increment Operator
num1++;
System.out.println("Increment: " + num1);

// Decrement Operator
num2--;
System.out.println("Decrement: " + num2);
}
}

OUTPUT

Addition: 15
Subtraction: 5
Multiplication: 50
Division: 2
Modulus: 0
Increment: 11
Decrement: 4

 Assignment Operators :

Assignment operator are used to assign new value to a variable. The left
side operand of the assignment operator is called variable and the right
side operand of the assignment operator is called value.

Operator Description
This operator is used to assign the value on the
=
right to the operand on the left.
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This operator is used to add right operand to the

+= left operand and assigns the result to the left

operand.
This operator subtracts right operand from the

-= left operand and assigns the result to the left

operand.
This operator multiplies right operand with the

*= left operand and assigns the result to the left

operand.

This operator divides left operand with the right

/= operand and assigns the result to the left

operand.

Example

Let us look at a simple code in which all the assignment operators are used.

public class Topperworld {

public static void main ( String[] args ) {
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
int c;
System.out.println ( c = a );
System.out.println ( b += a );
System.out.println ( b -= a);
System.out.println ( b *= a );
System.out.println ( b /= a );
System.out.println ( b ^= a );
System.out.println ( b %= a );
}
}

OUTPUT

10
30
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10
200
2
0

 Logical Operators :

Logical operators are used to combining two or more conditions or

complement the evaluation of the original condition under consideration.

Operator Description
This operator returns True if both the operands
&& (Logical AND)
are true, otherwise, it returns False.

This operator returns True if either the operands

|| (Logical OR)
are true, otherwise it returns False.

This operator returns True if an operand is False.

! (Logical AND)
It reverses the logical state of an operand.

This operator returns True if both the operands

&& (Logical AND)
are true, otherwise, it returns False.

This operator returns True if either the operands

|| (Logical OR)
are true, otherwise it returns False.

Example

Let us look at a simple code that in which all the logical operators are used.

public class Topperworld {

public static void main ( String args[] ) {
int a = 5;
System.out.println ( a<5 && a<20 );
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System.out.println ( a<5 || a<20 );

System.out.println ( ! ( a<5 && a<20 ));
}
}

OUTPUT

False
True
True

 Bitwise Operators :

The bitwise operator operates on bit string, binary number, or bit array. It
is fast and simple and directly supported by the processor. The bitwise
operation is also known as bit-level programming.

Operator Description
This operator takes two numbers as operands
& (Bitwise AND)
and does AND on every bit of two numbers.

This operator takes two numbers as operands

| (Bitwise OR)
and does OR on every bit of two numbers.

This operator takes two numbers as operands

^ (Bitwise XOR)
and does XOR on every bit of two numbers.

This operator takes one number as an operand

~ (Bitwise NOT)
and does invert all bits of that number.
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This operator takes two numbers as operands

& (Bitwise AND)
and does AND on every bit of two numbers.

Example

Let us look at a simple code that in which all the bitwise operators are used.

public class Topperworld {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int num1 = 10, num2 = 5;

// Bitwise AND Operator

int result = num1 & num2;
System.out.println("Bitwise AND: " + result);

// Bitwise OR Operator
result = num1 | num2;
System.out.println("Bitwise OR: " + result);

// Bitwise XOR Operator

result = num1 ^ num2;
System.out.println("Bitwise XOR: " + result);

// Bitwise Complement Operator

result = ~num1;
System.out.println("Bitwise Complement of num1: " + result);

// Left Shift Operator

result = num1 << 2;
System.out.println("Left Shift of num1: " + result);

// Right Shift Operator

result = num1 >> 2;
System.out.println("Right Shift of num1: " + result);

// Unsigned Right Shift Operator

result = num1 >>> 2;
System.out.println("Unsigned Right Shift of num1: " + result);
}
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OUTPUT

Bitwise AND: 0
Bitwise OR: 15
Bitwise XOR: 15
Bitwise Complement of num1: -11
Left Shift of num1: 40
Right Shift of num1: 2
Unsigned Right Shift of num1: 2

 Ternary Operators :

Ternary operator is an conditional operator, it reduces the line of code

while performing the conditional or comparisons. It is the replacement of
if-else or nested if-else statements. It is also referred to as inline if,
conditional operator, or ternary if..

Example

Let us look at a simple code of Ternary operator.

public class Topperworld {

public static void main ( String args[] ) {
int a = 4;
int b = 9;
int min = ( a<b ) ? a : b;
System.out.println ( min );
}
}
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OUTPUT

 Relational Operators :

Relational operator compares two numbers and returns a boolean value. This
operator is used to define a relation or test between two operands.

Operator Description
This operator returns True, if the value of the
< (Less than) left operand is less than the value of the right
operand, else it returns False.
This operator returns True, if the value of the
> (Greater than) left operand is greater than the value of the right
operand, else it returns False.
This operator returns True, if the value of the
<= (Less than or equal to) left operand is less than or equal to the value of
the right operand, else it returns False.
This operator returns True, if the value of the
>= (Greater than or equal to) left operand is greater than or equal to the value
of the right operand, else it returns False.

This operator returns True, if two operands are

== (Equal to)
equal, else it returns False.
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Example

Let us look at a simple code that in which all the realational operators are used.

public class Topperworld {

public static void main ( String args[] ) {
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
System.out.println ( a < b );
System.out.println( a > b );
System.out.println ( a <= b );
System.out.println (a >= b );
System.out.println ( a == b );
System.out.println ( a != b );
}
}

OUTPUT

true
false
true
false
false
true
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Java Operator Precedence Table

Category Operator Associativity

Postfix >() [] . (dot operator) Left toright

Unary >++ - - ! ~ Right to left

Multiplicative >* / Left to right

Additive >+ - Left to right

Shift >>> >>> << Left to right

Relational >> >= < <= Left to right

Equality >== != Left to right

Bitwise AND >& Left to right

Bitwise XOR >^ Left to right

Bitwise OR >| Left to right

Logical AND >&& Left to right

Logical OR >|| Left to right

Conditional ?: Right to left

>= += -= *= /= %= >>=
Assignment Right to left
<<= &= ^= |=